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Sun L, Zhang D, Qin L, Liu Q, Wang G, Shi D, Huang B. Rapid direct conversion of bovine non-adipogenic fibroblasts into adipocyte-like cells by a small-molecule cocktail. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1020965. [PMID: 36819108 PMCID: PMC9932023 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1020965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The molecular regulation mechanism of fat deposition in bovine and its improvement on beef quality are important research directions in the livestock industry. The research of molecular mechanisms that govern the regulation and differentiation of adipocytes may conduct to understand the mechanism of obesity, lipid disorders, and fat deposition. In the recent decade, small-molecule compounds have been widely used in reprogramming and transdifferentiation fields, which can promote the induction efficiency, replace exogenous genes, or even induce cell fate conversion alone. Furthermore, small-molecule compound induction is expected to be a novel approach to generate new cell types from somatic cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods: In this study, we established rapid chemically induced platform for transdifferentiation of bovine ear fibroblasts into adipocyte-like cells using a small-molecule cocktail (Repsox, VPA, TTNPB). The chemically induced adipocytes (CiADCs) were characterized by lipid staining, qRT-PCR and WB. Bovine natural adipocytes were used as positive control, and the expression of adipocyte-related marker genes in CiADCs were analyzed. Moreover, RNA-Seq explore the mechanism of RVB in the regulation of Bovine adipocyte transdifferentiation. Results: In this study, the chemically induced adipocytes (CiADCs) could be identified as early as day 6. The CiADCs appeared to be circular and rich of lipid droplets. The adipocyte-specific genes of LPL, PPARγ, IGF1, GPD1, C/EBPδ, ADIPOQ, PCK2, FAS, C/EBPβ, PPARGC1A, C/EBPα, and CFD were detected to be significantly upregulated in both CiADCs and natural adipocytes. Western blot analysis also confirmed the increase C/EBPα and PPARγ protein level in induced adipocytes (CiADCs-6d) treated with RVB. In addition, we also found that the signaling pathways (PPAR signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and ECM-receptor interaction) regulated by the DEGs played a vital role in adipogenesis. Discussion: In the present study, a combination of small-molecule compounds RVB was used to transdifferentiate bovine ear fibroblasts into the chemically-induced adipocyte cells (CiADCs) that have a large number of lipid droplets. Importantly, the small-molecule cocktail significantly shortened the reprogramming turnaround time. The morphology of CiADCs is close to the "ring type" of natural differentiated adipocytes on sixth day. And, the CiADCs showed similar adipocyte-specific gene expression patterns to natural adipocytes. Furthermore, RVB increased protein expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα in the chemically-induced adipocytes (CiADCs-6d). Our findings reveal that the signaling pathways of C/EBPα and PPARγ play pivotal roles in this transdifferentiation process. In addition, we also found that the signaling pathways (PPAR signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and ECM-receptor interaction) regulated by the DEGs played a vital role in adipogenesis. In general, this study provides valuable evidence to deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanism of small molecule cocktails in regulating adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China,Guangxi Academy of Medical Science, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liangshan Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Quanhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China,*Correspondence: Deshun Shi, ; Ben Huang,
| | - Ben Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China,Guangxi Academy of Medical Science, Nanning, Guangxi, China,*Correspondence: Deshun Shi, ; Ben Huang,
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Luo L, Liu M. Adiponectin: friend or foe in obesity and inflammation. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2022; 2:349-362. [PMID: 37724325 PMCID: PMC10388816 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine predominantly produced by fat cells, circulates and exerts insulin-sensitizing, cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Dysregulation of adiponectin and/or adiponectin signaling is implicated in a number of metabolic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. However, while the insulin-sensitizing and cardioprotective effects of adiponectin have been widely appreciated in the field, the obesogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of adiponectin are still of much debate. Understanding the physiological function of adiponectin is critical for adiponectin-based therapeutics for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Pucci M, Mandrone M, Chiocchio I, Sweeney EM, Tirelli E, Uberti D, Memo M, Poli F, Mastinu A, Abate G. Different Seasonal Collections of Ficus carica L. Leaves Diversely Modulate Lipid Metabolism and Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142833. [PMID: 35889791 PMCID: PMC9323846 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the high prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes, adipogenesis dysfunction and metabolic disorders are common features in the elderly population. Thus, the identification of novel compounds with anti-adipogenic and lipolytic effects is highly desirable to reduce diabetes complications. Plants represent an important source of bioactive compounds. To date, the antidiabetic potential of several traditional plants has been reported, among which Ficus carica L. is one of the most promising. Considering that plant metabolome changes in response to a number of factors including seasonality, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether Ficus carica leaves extracts collected in autumn (FCa) and spring (FCs) differently modulate lipid metabolism and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The 1H-NMR profile of the extracts showed that FCs have a higher content of caffeic acid derivatives, glucose, and sucrose than FCa. In contrast, FCa showed a higher concentration of malic acid and furanocoumarins, identified as psoralen and bergapten. In vitro testing showed that only FCa treatments were able to significantly decrease the lipid content (Ctrl vs. FCa 25 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL and 80 μg/mL; p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, FCa treatments were able to downregulate the transcriptional pathway of adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In more detail, FCa 80 μg/mL significantly decreased the gene expression of PPARγ (p < 0.05), C/EBPα (p < 0.05), Leptin (p < 0.0001), adiponectin (p < 0.05) and GLUT4 (p < 0.01). In conclusion, this study further supports an in-depth investigation of F. carica leaves extracts as a promising source of active compounds useful for targeting obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Pucci
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Manuela Mandrone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (I.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Ilaria Chiocchio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (I.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Eileen Mac Sweeney
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Emanuela Tirelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Daniela Uberti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Ferruccio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (I.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Andrea Mastinu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-030-371-7509
| | - Giulia Abate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
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Schmidt V, Hogan AE, Fallon PG, Schwartz C. Obesity-Mediated Immune Modulation: One Step Forward, (Th)2 Steps Back. Front Immunol 2022; 13:932893. [PMID: 35844529 PMCID: PMC9279727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, the relationship between the immune system and metabolism has become a major research focus. In this arena of immunometabolism the capacity of adipose tissue to secrete immunomodulatory molecules, including adipokines, within the underlying low-grade inflammation during obesity brought attention to the impact obesity has on the immune system. Adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, influence T cell differentiation into different T helper subsets and their activation during immune responses. Furthermore, within the cellular milieu of adipose tissue nutrient availability regulates differentiation and activation of T cells and changes in cellular metabolic pathways. Upon activation, T cells shift from oxidative phosphorylation to oxidative glycolysis, while the differential signaling of the kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the nuclear receptor PPARγ, amongst others, drive the subsequent T cell differentiation. While the mechanisms leading to a shift from the typical type 2-dominated milieu in lean people to a Th1-biased pro-inflammatory environment during obesity are the subject of extensive research, insights on its impact on peripheral Th2-dominated immune responses become more evident. In this review, we will summarize recent findings of how Th2 cells are metabolically regulated during obesity and malnutrition, and how these states affect local and systemic Th2-biased immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Schmidt
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrew E. Hogan
- Kathleen Lonsdale Human Health Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
- Obesity Immunology Research, St. Vincent’s University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Padraic G. Fallon
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christian Schwartz
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christian Schwartz,
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Xiao C, Jin HG, Zhang LC, Liu JQ, He M, Ma HH, Yu YS, Cao Y. Effects of SPARCL1 on the proliferation and differentiation of sheep preadipocytes. Adipocyte 2021; 10:658-669. [PMID: 34872433 PMCID: PMC8654481 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.2010901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Important candidate genes that regulate lipid metabolism have the potential to increase the content of intramuscular fat (IMF) and improve meat quality. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine like 1(SPARCL1) is a secreted glycoprotein with important physiological functions and is involved in the proliferation and differentiation of various cells. However, the role of the SPARCL1 gene in sheep preadipocytes and its regulatory mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we explored the effect of SPARCL1 on the proliferation and differentiation of sheep preadipocytes. The results showed that the expression level of the SPARCL1 gene is higher in fat tissue than in other tissues, and the gene was significantly increased on the 6th day of preadipocyte differentiation. In the preadipocyte proliferation stage, interference of SPARCL1 gene reduced cell viability and increased cell apoptosis. In preadipocyte differentiation stage, SPARCL1 overexpression significantly inhibited lipid droplets accumulation and triglyceride content by increasing Wnt10b, Fzd8, IL6, and β-catenin and inhibiting PPARγ, C/EBPα, LPL, and IGF1 genes expression, whereas SPARCL1 deficiency significantly promoted cell differentiation by inhibiting β-catenin and increasing GSK3β, PPARγ, C/EBPα, and LPL. The results of this study suggest that SPARCL1 plays a negative role during preadipocyte differentiation and may become a novel target for regulating preadipocyte differentiation and improving IMF. Abbreviations:IMF: Intramuscular fat SPARCL1: Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine like 1 PPARγ: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ C/EBPα: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α LPL: Lipoprotein lipase IGF1: Insulin-like growth factor 1 Wnt10b: Wnt family member 10B Fzd8: Frizzled class receptor 8 IL6: Interleukin 6 β-catenin: Catenin beta interacting protein 1 GSK3β: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta LRP5/6: Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Hai Guo Jin
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Li Chun Zhang
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Jian Qiang Liu
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Ming He
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Hui Hai Ma
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Yong Sheng Yu
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin, Gongzhuling, China
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Geum NG, Son HJ, Yeo JH, Yu JH, Choi MY, Lee JW, Baek JK, Jeong JB. Anti-obesity activity of Heracleum moellendorffii root extracts in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5939-5945. [PMID: 34760227 PMCID: PMC8565208 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that H. mollendorffii roots (HMR) have various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory activity and immunostimulatory activity. However, the anti-obesity activity of HMR has not been studied. Thus, we evaluated in vitro anti-obesity of HMR in mouse preadipocytes, 3T3-L1 cells. HMR reduced the lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) contents in 3T3-L1 cells. HMR inhibited the protein expressions such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), perilipin-1, adiponectin, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) related to the lipid accumulation of the mature adipocytes. In addition, HMR induced the proteasomal degradation of CEBPα related to the differentiation of the preadipocytes into the mature adipocytes by activating c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β). Based on the results of this study, HMR inhibited the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes through the CEBPα degradation via JNK and GSK3β activation and subsequently blocked lipid accumulation of mature adipocytes through inhibiting lipid accumulation-related proteins such as CEBPα, PPARγ, perilipin-1, adiponectin, FABP4, FAS, and ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Gyeong Geum
- Department of Medicinal Plant ResourcesAndong National UniversityAndongRepublic of Korea
| | - Ho Jun Son
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research CenterNational Institute of Forest ScienceYeongjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Joo Ho Yeo
- Department of Medicinal Plant ResourcesAndong National UniversityAndongRepublic of Korea
- Agricultural Corporation E·Farm CorpYeongjuKorea
| | - Ju Hyeong Yu
- Department of Medicinal Plant ResourcesAndong National UniversityAndongRepublic of Korea
- Agricultural Corporation E·Farm CorpYeongjuKorea
| | - Min Yeong Choi
- Department of Medicinal Plant ResourcesAndong National UniversityAndongRepublic of Korea
- PINOGEN CO LtdAndongKorea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Agricultural Corporation E·Farm CorpYeongjuKorea
| | - Jueng Kyu Baek
- Department of Medicinal Plant ResourcesAndong National UniversityAndongRepublic of Korea
| | - Jin Boo Jeong
- Department of Medicinal Plant ResourcesAndong National UniversityAndongRepublic of Korea
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Palmitic Acid Methyl Ester Enhances Adipogenic Differentiation in Rat Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells through a G Protein-Coupled Receptor-Mediated Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9938649. [PMID: 34650609 PMCID: PMC8510814 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9938649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipogenic differentiation from stem cells has become a research target due to the increasing interest in obesity. It has been indicated that adipocytes can secrete palmitic acid methyl ester (PAME), which is able to regulate stem cell proliferation. However, the effects of PAME on adipogenic differentiation in stem cell remain unclear. Here, we present that the adipogenic differentiation medium supplemented with PAME induced the differentiation of rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rAD-MSCs) into adipocyte. rAD-MSCs were treated with PAME for 12 days and then subjected to various analyses. The results from the present study show that PAME significantly increased the levels of adipogenic differentiation markers, PPARγ and Gpd1, and enhanced adipogenic differentiation in rAD-MSCs. Furthermore, the level of GPR40/120 protein increased during induction of adipocyte differentiation in rAD-MSCs. Cotreatment with PAME and a GPR40/120 antagonist together inhibited the PAME-enhanced adipogenic differentiation. Moreover, PAME significantly increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), but not AKT and mTOR. Cotreatment with PAME and a GPR40/120 antagonist together inhibited the PAME-enhanced ERK phosphorylation and adipogenic differentiation. PAME also increased the intracellular Ca2+ levels. Cotreatment with PAME and a Ca2+ chelator or a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor prevented the PAME-enhanced ERK phosphorylation and adipogenic differentiation. Our data suggest that PAME activated the GPR40/120/PLC-mediated pathway, which in turn increased the intracellular Ca2+ levels, thereby activating the ERK, and eventually enhanced adipogenic differentiation in rAD-MSCs. The findings from the present study might help get insight into the physiological roles and molecular mechanism of PAME in regulating stem cell differentiation.
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Fang Y, Huang S, Han L, Wang S, Xiong B. Comprehensive Analysis of Peritoneal Metastasis Sequencing Data to Identify LINC00924 as a Prognostic Biomarker in Gastric Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:5599-5611. [PMID: 34285580 PMCID: PMC8285530 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s318704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis has high mortality. At present, there is no effective way to cure the patients diagnosed with gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis due to its indistinct molecular mechanism. Therefore, to understand the pathogenesis and help for further target therapy, we conduct comprehensive analysis of peritoneal metastasis by bioinformatics in gastric cancer. Methods Microarray sequencing was used to find differential mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) expression between primary foci and peritoneal metastases lesion in gastric cancer. RT-qPCR was used to verify the expression levels of lncRNAs in gastric cancer cells after co-culture with adipocytes. TCGA, Cytoscape, lnCAR, cBioPoratal and R packages (ggrisk, survival, survminer, timeROC, forestplot, immunedeconv, ggplot2, pheatmap and ggpubr) were applied in this work. Results Adipocytes co-culture model was used to mimic the peritoneal microenvironment and found that LINC01151 (NR_126348), FAM27B (NR_027422) and LINC00924 (NR_027133) were up-regulated in co-culture group. Increased LINC00924 expression was significantly associated with reduced overall survival and up-regulated percentage abundance of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T, B, macrophage and NK immune cells; moreover, immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) had a worse effect on the LINC00924 high expression group. Furthermore, through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, we found that LINC00924-related PEX5L in CNC network was an independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer progression. Conclusion LINC00924 expression was associated with poor survival, immune infiltrations and worse response to ICBs. LINC00924 might be immunotherapeutic targets of advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan university, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan university, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510620, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihao Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan university, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan university, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan university, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan university, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan university, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan university, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan university, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan university, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
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Lin Y, Fu S, Yao Y, Li Y, Zhao Y, Luo L. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction based on aging and comorbidities. J Transl Med 2021; 19:291. [PMID: 34229717 PMCID: PMC8259336 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a leading cause of hospitalizations and mortality when diagnosed at the age of ≥ 65 years. HFpEF represents multifactorial and multisystemic syndrome and has different pathophysiology and phenotypes. Its diagnosis is difficult to be established based on left ventricular ejection fraction and may benefit from individually tailored approaches, underlying age-related changes and frequent comorbidities. Compared with the rapid development in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, HFpEF presents a great challenge and needs to be addressed considering the failure of HF drugs to improve its outcomes. Further extensive studies on the relationships between HFpEF, aging, and comorbidities in carefully phenotyped HFpEF subgroups may help understand the biology, diagnosis, and treatment of HFpEF. The current review summarized the diagnostic and therapeutic development of HFpEF based on the complex relationships between aging, comorbidities, and HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, 572013, China
| | - Shihui Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, 572013, China.
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yao Yao
- Centre for the Study of Ageing and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yulong Li
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, 572013, China.
| | - Leiming Luo
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Dai J, Huang X, Zhang C, Luo X, Cao S, Wang J, Liu B, Gao J. Berberine regulates lipid metabolism via miR-192 in porcine oocytes matured in vitro. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:950-959. [PMID: 33818910 PMCID: PMC8136937 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The berberine (Ber) is an isoquinoline alkaloid compound extracted from Rhizoma coptidis and has the effect that reduces adipose. MicroRNA‐192 (miR‐192) is related to fat metabolism. However, the relevant mechanism of berberine on lipid metabolism during in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes remains unclear. Objectives In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which berberine promotes the IVM and lipid metabolism of porcine oocytes via miR‐192. Methods Ber was added to IVM medium of porcine oocytes. MiR‐192 agomir, miR‐192 antagomir and negative control fragment were microinjected into the cytoplasm of oocytes without Ber. Rates of oocyte IVM and embryonic development in each group were observed. The content of lipid droplets in IVM oocytes in each group was analyzed by Nile red staining. Expression levels of miR‐192 and FABP3, SREBF1 and PPARG, were detected by qPCR and western blotting. The target genes of miR‐192 were determined by luciferase reporter assays. Results and Conclusions We found that Ber significantly increased the rate of oocytes IVM and blastocyst development, and decreased the area and numbers of lipid droplets in IVM oocytes. Ber significantly increased the expression of miR‐192 in IVM oocytes, and significantly decreased the expression of SREBF1 and PPARG, which were target genes of miR‐192. This study indicates that Ber promotes lipid metabolism in porcine oocytes by activating the expression of miR‐192 and down‐regulating SREBF1 and PPARG, thus, improving IVM of porcine oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaGe Dai
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoMeng Huang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoFei Luo
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - SuYing Cao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - JunLi Wang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - JianMing Gao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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11
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Lei Z, Wu H, Xiong Y, Wei D, Wang X, Luoreng Z, Cai X, Ma Y. ncRNAs regulate bovine adipose tissue deposition. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2837-2845. [PMID: 33730298 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism, which encompasses synthesis and degradation of lipids, is critical for a wide range of cellular functions, including structural and morphological properties of organelles, energy storage, signalling, and the stability and function of membrane proteins. Adipose tissue is a dynamic tissue type that performs a lot of significant physiological functions, including secretion, and is involved in maintaining homeostasis and in regulatory roles of other tissues based on paracrine or endocrine. More recently, several classes of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA), have been discovered in adipocytes, and they act as critical regulators of gene expression in adipogenesis and regulate adipogenesis through multiple pathways. In the present paper, we discussed several classes of non-coding RNAs and summarized the latest research on the regulatory role of ncRNAs in bovine adipogenesis. We gave examples for known modes of action to look forward to providing reference information future scientific research in cattle breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxiong Lei
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, YinChuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, YinChuan, China
| | - Huiguang Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dawei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, YinChuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, YinChuan, China
| | - Xingping Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, YinChuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, YinChuan, China
| | - Zhuoma Luoreng
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, YinChuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, YinChuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, YinChuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, YinChuan, China
| | - Yun Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, YinChuan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, YinChuan, China. .,College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China.
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12
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Rasineni K, Kubik JL, Knight KL, Hall L, Casey CA, Kharbanda KK. Ghrelin regulates adipose tissue metabolism: Role in hepatic steatosis. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 322:109059. [PMID: 32171850 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Fatty liver is the earliest and most common response of the liver to consumption of excessive alcohol. Steatosis can predispose the fatty liver to develop progressive liver damage. Chief among the many mechanisms involved in development of hepatic steatosis is dysregulation of insulin-mediated adipose tissue metabolism. Particularly, it is the enhanced adipose lipolysis-derived free fatty acids and their delivery to the liver that ultimately results in hepatic steatosis. The adipose-liver axis is modulated by hormones, particularly insulin and adiponectin. In recent studies, we demonstrated that an alcohol-induced increase in serum ghrelin levels impairs insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. The consequent reduction in circulating insulin levels promotes adipose lipolysis and mobilization of fatty acids to the liver to ultimately contribute to hepatic steatosis. Because many tissues, including adipose tissue, express ghrelin receptor we hypothesized that ghrelin may directly affect energy metabolism in adipocytes. We have exciting new preliminary data which shows that treatment of premature 3T3-L1 adipocytes with ghrelin impairs adipocyte differentiation and inhibits lipid accumulation in the tissue designed to store energy in the form of fat. We further observed that ghrelin treatment of differentiated adipocytes significantly inhibited secretion of adiponectin, a hepatoprotective hormone that reduces lipid synthesis and promotes lipid oxidation. These results were corroborated by our observations of a significant increase in serum adiponectin levels in ethanol-fed rats treated with a ghrelin receptor antagonist verses the un-treated ethanol-fed rats. Interestingly, in adipocytes, ghrelin also increases secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and CCL2 (chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 2), cytokines which promote hepatic inflammation and progression of liver disease. To summarize, the alcohol-induced increase in serum ghrelin levels dysregulates adipose-liver interaction and promotes hepatic steatosis by increasing the free fatty acid released from adipose for hepatic uptake, and by altering adiponectin and cytokine secretion. Taken together, our data indicates that targeting the activity of ghrelin may be a powerful treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Rasineni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Research Service, Veterans' Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA.
| | - Jacy L Kubik
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Research Service, Veterans' Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
| | - Kurt L Knight
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Research Service, Veterans' Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
| | - Lukas Hall
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Carol A Casey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Research Service, Veterans' Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Research Service, Veterans' Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
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13
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Yang C, Yang W, He Z, He H, Yang X, Lu Y, Li H. Kaempferol Improves Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Antiinflammation and Antioxidative Stress Regulated by SIRT1/HMGB1/NF-κB Axis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1635. [PMID: 32116668 PMCID: PMC7025570 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma, organ transplantation, and thromboembolism are the main causes of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI), and new therapies and drugs are urgent to relieve LIRI. In preliminary experiment, authors found that kaempferol could improve LIRI in rats, and the current study further explored its possible mechanism. The model of rat LIRI was established and appropriate research methods were implemented. Results shown that kaempferol could significantly improve LIRI, inhibit release of inflammatory factors including interleukin (IL) 6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and reduce oxidative stress reaction. Western blotting was used to detect protein expression levels and found that kaempferol could up-regulate the protein expressions of phosphorylated (p-) p65 and p65, and down-regulate the protein expression of sirtuin (SIRT) 1. Immunofluorescence was used to localize the expression of high mobility group box (HMGB) 1 and found its higher expression in outside of nucleus. However, the above effects of kaempferol on LIRI markedly attenuated by EX 527, a selective inhibitor of SIRT 1. Taken together, we first reported the protective effect of kaempferol on rat LIRI and confirmed that kaempferol’s antiinflammation and antioxidative stress involving the SIRT1/HMGB1/NF-κB axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Yang
- Department of Intensive Care, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenkai Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhaohui He
- Department of Intensive Care, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huiwei He
- Department of Intensive Care, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaogang Yang
- Department of Intensive Care, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuanhua Lu
- Department of Intensive Care, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Department of Intensive Care, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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14
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Zhang K, Yang X, Zhao Q, Li Z, Fu F, Zhang H, Zheng M, Zhang S. Molecular Mechanism of Stem Cell Differentiation into Adipocytes and Adipocyte Differentiation of Malignant Tumor. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8892300. [PMID: 32849880 PMCID: PMC7441422 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8892300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is the process through which preadipocytes differentiate into adipocytes. During this process, the preadipocytes cease to proliferate, begin to accumulate lipid droplets, and develop morphologic and biochemical characteristics of mature adipocytes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of adult stem cells known for their high plasticity and capacity to generate mesodermal and nonmesodermal tissues. Many mature cell types can be generated from MSCs, including adipocyte, osteocyte, and chondrocyte. The differentiation of stem cells into multiple mature phenotypes is at the basis for tissue regeneration and repair. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a very important role in tumor development and have the potential to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. Accumulating evidence has shown that cancer cells can be induced to differentiate into various benign cells, such as adipocytes, fibrocytes, osteoblast, by a variety of small molecular compounds, which may provide new strategies for cancer treatment. Recent studies have reported that tumor cells undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition can be induced to differentiate into adipocytes. In this review, molecular mechanisms, signal pathways, and the roles of various biological processes in adipose differentiation are summarized. Understanding the molecular mechanism of adipogenesis and adipose differentiation of cancer cells may contribute to cancer treatments that involve inducing differentiation into benign cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- 1Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- 2Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- 3Tianjin Rehabilitation Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- 1Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Zugui Li
- 1Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- 4Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangmei Fu
- 1Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- 4Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- 1Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- 4Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Minying Zheng
- 1Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- 1Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
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15
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PPAR γ/Nnat/NF- κB Axis Involved in Promoting Effects of Adiponectin on Preadipocyte Differentiation. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:5618023. [PMID: 31871428 PMCID: PMC6906841 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5618023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A previous study has demonstrated that adiponectin (APN) could promote preadipocyte differentiation, and the present study further explored its mechanism. 3T3-L1 cells were infected with adenovirus holding human adiponectin gene apM1 and mouse neuronatin (Nnat) shRNA and initiated differentiation while coculturing with mature adipocytes stimulated with LPS. After 8 days, preadipocyte differentiation was observed by Oil Red O staining. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in 3T3-L1 cells were detected. Western blotting was done to quantify the protein expression levels of Nnat, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, p65, and inhibitor of nuclear factor κB (IκB) α. Results demonstrated that APN overexpression markedly increased preadipocyte differentiation; inhibited gene expression of MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α; reduced ROS and MDA release; increased T-AOC and SOD levels; upregulated Nnat, PPAR γ, and IκB α protein expressions; and downregulated p65 protein expression under LPS stimulation. However, the effects of APN were markedly attenuated when Nnat expression was knocked down. Taken together, the present study provided evidences that the effects of APN on promoting preadipocyte differentiation under inflammatory conditions via anti-inflammation and antioxidative stress may be regulated by the PPAR γ/Nnat/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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16
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Packer M. Disease-treatment interactions in the management of patients with obesity and diabetes who have atrial fibrillation: the potential mediating influence of epicardial adipose tissue. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:121. [PMID: 31551089 PMCID: PMC6760044 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Both obesity and type 2 diabetes are important risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF), possibly because they both cause an expansion of epicardial adipose tissue, which is the source of proinflammatory adipocytokines that can lead to microvascular dysfunction and fibrosis of the underlying myocardium. If the derangement of epicardial fat adjoins the left atrium, the result is an atrial myopathy, which is clinically manifest as AF. In patients with AF, there is a close relationship between epicardial fat volume and the severity of electrophysiological abnormalities in the adjacent myocardial tissues, and epicardial fat mass predicts AF in the general population. The expansion of epicardial adipose tissue in obesity and type 2 diabetes may also affect the left ventricle, impairing its distensibility and leading to heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes with AF often have HFpEF, but the diagnosis may be missed, if dyspnea is attributed to increased body mass or to the arrhythmia. The expected response to the treatment for obesity, diabetes or AF may be influenced by their effects on epicardial inflammation and the underlying atrial and ventricular myopathy. Bariatric surgery and metformin reduce epicardial fat mass and ameliorate AF, whereas insulin promotes adipogenesis and cardiac fibrosis, and its use is accompanied by an increased risk of AF. Rate control strategies for AF may impair exercise tolerance, because they allow for greater time for ventricular filling in patients who cannot tolerate volume loading because of cardiac fibrosis and HFpEF. At the same time, both obesity and diabetes decrease the expected success rate of rhythm control strategies for AF (e.g., electrical cardioversion or catheter ablation), because increased epicardial adipose tissue volumes and cardiac fibrosis are important determinants of AF recurrence following these procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, 621 N. Hall Street, Dallas, TX, 75226, USA. .,Imperial College, London, UK.
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