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Isolation, Detection and Analysis of Circulating Tumour Cells: A Nanotechnological Bioscope. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010280. [PMID: 36678908 PMCID: PMC9864919 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the dreaded diseases to which a sizeable proportion of the population succumbs every year. Despite the tremendous growth of the health sector, spanning diagnostics to treatment, early diagnosis is still in its infancy. In this regard, circulating tumour cells (CTCs) have of late grabbed the attention of researchers in the detection of metastasis and there has been a huge surge in the surrounding research activities. Acting as a biomarker, CTCs prove beneficial in a variety of aspects. Nanomaterial-based strategies have been devised to have a tremendous impact on the early and rapid examination of tumor cells. This review provides a panoramic overview of the different nanotechnological methodologies employed along with the pharmaceutical purview of cancer. Initiating from fundamentals, the recent nanotechnological developments toward the detection, isolation, and analysis of CTCs are comprehensively delineated. The review also includes state-of-the-art implementations of nanotechnological advances in the enumeration of CTCs, along with future challenges and recommendations thereof.
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2
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Zavyalova E, Turashev A, Novoseltseva A, Legatova V, Antipova O, Savchenko E, Balk S, Golovin A, Pavlova G, Kopylov A. Pyrene-Modified DNA Aptamers with High Affinity to Wild-Type EGFR and EGFRvIII. Nucleic Acid Ther 2020; 30:175-187. [PMID: 31990606 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2019.0830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers have been proven to be a useful tool in many applications. Particularly, aptamers to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been successfully used for the recognition of EGFR-expressing cells, the inhibition of EGFR-dependent pathways, and targeted drug delivery into EGFR-positive cells. Several aptamers are able to discriminate wild-type EGFR from its mutant form, EGFRvIII. Aptamers to EGFR have hairpin-like secondary structures with several possible folding variations. Here, an aptamer, previously selected to EGFRvIII, was chosen as a lead compound for extensive post-SELEX maturation. The aptamer was 1.5-fold truncated, the ends of the hairpin stem were appended with GC-pairs to increase thermal stability, and single pyrene modification was introduced into the aptamer to increase affinity to the target protein. Pyrene modification was selected from extensive computer docking studies of a library of thousands of chemicals to EGFR near the EGF-binding interface. The resulting aptamers bound extracellular domains of both variants of EGFR: EGFRwt and EGFRvIII with subnanomolar apparent dissociation constants. Compared with the initial aptamer, affinity to EGFRwt was increased up to 7.5-fold, whereas affinity to EGFRvIII was increased up to 4-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zavyalova
- Apto-Pharm Ltd., Moscow, Russian Federation.,Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Anastasia Novoseltseva
- Apto-Pharm Ltd., Moscow, Russian Federation.,Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valeriia Legatova
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Antipova
- Apto-Pharm Ltd., Moscow, Russian Federation.,Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Savchenko
- Apto-Pharm Ltd., Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute of Gene Biology RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Andrey Golovin
- Apto-Pharm Ltd., Moscow, Russian Federation.,Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Galina Pavlova
- Apto-Pharm Ltd., Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute of Gene Biology RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Kopylov
- Apto-Pharm Ltd., Moscow, Russian Federation.,Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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3
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Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are responsible for the metastatic spread of cancer and therefore are extremely valuable not only for basic research on cancer metastasis but also as potential biomarkers in diagnosing and managing cancer in the clinic. While relatively non-invasive access to the blood tissue presents an opportunity, CTCs are mixed with approximately billion-times more-populated blood cells in circulation. Therefore, the accuracy of technologies for reliable enrichment of the rare CTC population from blood samples is critical to the success of downstream analyses. The focus of this chapter is to provide the reader an overview of significant advances made in the development of diverse CTC enrichment technologies by presenting the strengths of individual techniques in addition to specific challenges remaining to be addressed.
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4
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Gray BP, Requena MD, Nichols MD, Sullenger BA. Aptamers as Reversible Sorting Ligands for Preparation of Cells in Their Native State. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 27:232-244.e7. [PMID: 31879266 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although antibodies are routinely used to label and isolate a desired cell type from a more complex mixture of cells, via either fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) or magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS), such antibody labeling is not easily reversible. We describe an FACS and MACS compatible method to reversibly label and purify cells using aptamers. Magnetic beads loaded with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-binding antagonistic aptamer E07 specifically isolated EGFR-expressing cells, and pure, label-free cells were recovered via treatment with an "antidote" oligonucleotide complementary to the aptamer. Additionally, while FACS sorting cells with E07 or EGFR antibody yielded EGFR(+) cells with impeded EGFR signaling, stripping off the aptamer via antidote treatment restored receptor function, returning cells to their native state, which was not possible with the antibody. The ability to reversibly label or isolate cells without compromising their function is a valuable, versatile tool with important implications for both the laboratory and clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Powell Gray
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, 2 Genome Ct, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Martin D Requena
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, 2 Genome Ct, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael D Nichols
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Dr, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Bruce A Sullenger
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, 2 Genome Ct, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Dr, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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5
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Safarpour H, Dehghani S, Nosrati R, Zebardast N, Alibolandi M, Mokhtarzadeh A, Ramezani M. Optical and electrochemical-based nano-aptasensing approaches for the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 148:111833. [PMID: 31733465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
More recently, detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has been considered as an appealing prognostic and diagnostic approach for cancer patients. CTCs as a type of tumor-derived cells are secreted by the tumor and released into the blood circulation. Since the migration of CTCs is an early event in cancer progression, patients who still have tumor-free lymph nodes have to be well examined for the CTCs presence in their blood circulation. Nowadays, there is a broad range of detection methods available to identify CTCs. As artificial RNA oligonucleotides or single-stranded DNA with receptor and catalytic characteristics, aptamers have been standing out, owing to their target-induced conformational modifications, elevated stability, and target specificity to be implemented in biosensing techniques. To date, several sensitivity-enhancement methods alongside smart nanomaterials have been used for the creation of new aptasensors to address the limit of detection (LOD), and improve the sensitivity of numerous analyte identification methods. The present review article supports a focused overview of the recent studies in the identification and quantitative determination of CTCs by aptamer-based biosensors and nanobiosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Safarpour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Sadegh Dehghani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rahim Nosrati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nozhat Zebardast
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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6
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Wu L, Zhu L, Huang M, Song J, Zhang H, Song Y, Wang W, Yang C. Aptamer-based microfluidics for isolation, release and analysis of circulating tumor cells. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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7
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Nazari M, Gargari SLM, Sahebghadam Lotfi A, Rassaee MJ, Taheri RA. Aptamer-Based Sandwich Assay for Measurement of Thymidine Kinase 1 in Serum of Cancerous Patients. Biochemistry 2019; 58:2373-2383. [PMID: 30900869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is traditionally a serum biomarker that is elevated in the early stages of malignancies. The diagnostic and prognostic role of TK1 for screening and monitoring human malignancies has recently been investigated. Anti-human TK1 aptamers were selected through 12 iterative rounds of systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment from a DNA library. The aptamer pool of round 12 was amplified, and the polymerase chain reaction product was cloned on the TA vector. Of the 85 colonies obtained, 52 were identified as positive clones. These aptamers were screened for TK1 with surface plasmon resonance, where apta37 and apta69 showed the highest affinity for TK1. The TK1_apta37 and TK1_apta69 aptamers were used in a sandwich assay platform and successfully detected TK1 in the concentration range of 54-3500 pg mL-1. Clinical samples from 60 cancerous patients were also tested with this assay system and compared using the conventional antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The aptamer sandwich assay demonstrated a dynamic range for TK1 at clinically relevant serum levels, covering subpicogram per milliliter concentrations. The new approach offers a simple and robust method for detecting serum biomarkers that have low and moderate abundance. The results of this study demonstrate the screening capability of the aptamer sandwich assay platform and its potential applicability to the point-of-care testing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Nazari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | | | - Abbas Sahebghadam Lotfi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Rassaee
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ramezan Ali Taheri
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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8
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Fraser LA, Cheung YW, Kinghorn AB, Guo W, Shiu SCC, Jinata C, Liu M, Bhuyan S, Nan L, Shum HC, Tanner JA. Microfluidic Technology for Nucleic Acid Aptamer Evolution and Application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1900012. [PMID: 32627415 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The intersection of microfluidics and aptamer technologies holds particular promise for rapid progress in a plethora of applications across biomedical science and other areas. Here, the influence of microfluidics on the field of aptamers, from traditional capillary electrophoresis approaches through innovative modern-day approaches using micromagnetic beads and emulsion droplets, is reviewed. Miniaturizing aptamer-based bioassays through microfluidics has the potential to transform diagnostics and embedded biosensing in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis A Fraser
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Yee-Wai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Andrew B Kinghorn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Simon Chi-Chin Shiu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Chandra Jinata
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Mengping Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Soubhagya Bhuyan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Lang Nan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Julian A Tanner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
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9
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Johari-Ahar M, Karami P, Ghanei M, Afkhami A, Bagheri H. Development of a molecularly imprinted polymer tailored on disposable screen-printed electrodes for dual detection of EGFR and VEGF using nano-liposomal amplification strategy. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 107:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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10
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Mazaafrianto DN, Maeki M, Ishida A, Tani H, Tokeshi M. Recent Microdevice-Based Aptamer Sensors. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E202. [PMID: 30424135 PMCID: PMC6187364 DOI: 10.3390/mi9050202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Since the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) method was developed, aptamers have made significant contributions as bio-recognition sensors. Microdevice systems allow for low reagent consumption, high-throughput of samples, and disposability. Due to these advantages, there has been an increasing demand to develop microfluidic-based aptasensors for analytical technique applications. This review introduces the principal concepts of aptasensors and then presents some advanced applications of microdevice-based aptasensors on several platforms. Highly sensitive detection techniques, such as electrochemical and optical detection, have been integrated into lab-on-a-chip devices and researchers have moved towards the goal of establishing point-of-care diagnoses for target analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donny Nugraha Mazaafrianto
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Masatoshi Maeki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Ishida
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Tani
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Manabu Tokeshi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
- ImPACT Research Center for Advanced Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
- Innovative Research Center for Preventive Medical Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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11
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Oligonucleotide aptamers against tyrosine kinase receptors: Prospect for anticancer applications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:263-277. [PMID: 29574128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play crucial roles in cancer cell proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation. Area of intense research is searching for effective anticancer therapies targeting these receptors and, to date, several monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors have entered the clinic. However, some of these drugs show limited efficacy and give rise to acquired resistance. Emerging highly selective compounds for anticancer therapy are oligonucleotide aptamers that interact with their targets by recognizing a specific three-dimensional structure. Because of their nucleic acid nature, the rational design of advanced strategies to manipulate aptamers for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications is greatly simplified over antibodies. In this manuscript, we will provide a comprehensive overview of oligonucleotide aptamers as next generation strategies to efficiently target RTKs in human cancers.
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12
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Aptamer-Based Methods for Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells and Their Potential for Personalized Diagnostics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 994:67-81. [PMID: 28560668 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55947-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer diagnostics and treatment monitoring rely on sensing and counting of rare cells such as cancer circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood. Many analytical techniques have been developed to reliably detect and quantify CTCs using unique physical shape and size of tumor cells and/or distinctive patterns of cell surface biomarkers. Main problems of CTC bioanalysis are in the small number of cells that are present in the circulation and heterogeneity of CTCs. In this chapter, we describe recent progress towards the selection and application of synthetic DNA or RNA aptamers to capture and detect CTCs in blood. Antibody-based approaches for cell isolation and purification are limited because of an antibody's negative effect on cell viability and purity. Aptamers transform cell isolation technology, because they bind and release cells on-demand. The unique feature of anti-CTC aptamers is that the aptamers are selected for cell surface biomarkers in their native state, and conformation without previous knowledge of their biomarkers. Once aptamers are produced, they can be used to identify CTC biomarkers using mass spectrometry. The biomarkers and corresponding aptamers can be exploited to improve cancer diagnostics and therapies .
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13
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Xu Y, Liu B, Ding F, Zhou X, Tu P, Yu B, He Y, Huang P. Circulating tumor cell detection: A direct comparison between negative and unbiased enrichment in lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4882-4886. [PMID: 28599490 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), isolated as a 'liquid biopsy', may provide important diagnostic and prognostic information. Therefore, rapid, reliable and unbiased detection of CTCs are required for routine clinical analyses. It was demonstrated that negative enrichment, an epithelial marker-independent technique for isolating CTCs, exhibits a better efficiency in the detection of CTCs compared with positive enrichment techniques that only use specific anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecules. However, negative enrichment techniques incur significant cell loss during the isolation procedure, and as it is a method that uses only one type of antibody, it is inherently biased. The detection procedure and identification of cell types also relies on skilled and experienced technicians. In the present study, the detection sensitivity of using negative enrichment and a previously described unbiased detection method was compared. The results revealed that unbiased detection methods may efficiently detect >90% of cancer cells in blood samples containing CTCs. By contrast, only 40-60% of CTCs were detected by negative enrichment. Additionally, CTCs were identified in >65% of patients with stage I/II lung cancer. This simple yet efficient approach may achieve a high level of sensitivity. It demonstrates a potential for the large-scale clinical implementation of CTC-based diagnostic and prognostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Biao Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
| | - Fengan Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodie Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
| | - Pin Tu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
| | - Peilin Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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14
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Hassan EM, Willmore WG, DeRosa MC. Aptamers: Promising Tools for the Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells. Nucleic Acid Ther 2016; 26:335-347. [PMID: 27736306 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2016.0632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cells that shed from a primary tumor and freely circulate in the blood, retaining the ability to initiate metastasis and form a secondary tumor in distant organs in the body. CTCs reflect the molecular profile of the primary tumor, therefore studying CTCs can allow for an understanding of the mechanism of metastasis, and an opportunity to monitor the prognosis of cancer. Unfortunately, the detection of CTCs is a considerable challenge due to their low abundance in the bloodstream and the lack of consistent markers present to recognize these cells. The aim of this review is to summarize some of the aptamer-based affinity methods for the detection of CTCs. The basic biological concept of how metastasis occurs and the role of CTCs in this process are presented. Some methods of CTC detection employing antibodies or peptides are mentioned here for comparison. The review of present literature suggests that aptamers are emerging as competitive technology in the detection of CTCs, especially due to their unique properties, but there still remain several challenges to be met, including the need to improve the throughput and sensitivity of such methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Hassan
- 1 Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Energie, Materiaux Telecommunication , Quebec, Canada .,2 Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Maria C DeRosa
- 2 Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , Ottawa, Canada .,3 Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University , Ottawa, Canada
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15
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Dickey DD, Giangrande PH. Oligonucleotide aptamers: A next-generation technology for the capture and detection of circulating tumor cells. Methods 2015; 97:94-103. [PMID: 26631715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A critical challenge for treating cancer is the early identification of those patients who are at greatest risk of developing metastatic disease. The number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in cancer patients has recently been shown to be a valuable (and non-invasively accessible) diagnostic indicator of the state of metastatic disease. CTCs are rare cancer cells found in the blood circulation of cancer patients believed to provide a means of diagnosing the likelihood for metastatic spread and assessing response to therapy in advanced, as well as early stage disease settings. Numerous technical efforts have been made to reliably detect and quantify CTCs, but the development of a universal assay has proven quite difficult. Notable challenges for developing a broadly useful CTC-based diagnostic assay are the development of easy-to-operate methods that (1) are sufficiently sensitive to reliably detect the small number of CTCs that are present in the circulation and (2) can capture the molecular heterogeneity of tumor cells. In this review, we describe recent progress towards the application of synthetic oligonucleotide aptamers as promising, novel, robust tools for the isolation and detection of CTCs. Advantages and challenges of the aptamer approach are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Dickey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Paloma H Giangrande
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
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16
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Park JH, Cho YS, Kang S, Lee EJ, Lee GH, Hah SS. A colorimetric sandwich-type assay for sensitive thrombin detection based on enzyme-linked aptamer assay. Anal Biochem 2014; 462:10-2. [PMID: 24937288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A colorimetric sandwich-type assay based on enzyme-linked aptamer assay has been developed for the fast and sensitive detection of as low as 25 fM of thrombin with high linearity. Aptamer-immobilized glass was used to capture the target analyte, whereas a second aptamer, functionalized with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), was employed for the conventional 3,5,3',5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)-based colorimetric detection. Without the troublesome antibody requirement of the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as low as 25 fM of thrombin could be rapidly and reproducibly detected. This assay has superior, or at least equal, recovery and accuracy to that of conventional antibody-based ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hee Park
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Seul Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmuk Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Hah
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Jørgensen AS, Gupta P, Wengel J, Astakhova IK. "Clickable" LNA/DNA probes for fluorescence sensing of nucleic acids and autoimmune antibodies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:10751-3. [PMID: 24107917 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45507f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe fluorescent oligonucleotides prepared by click chemistry between novel alkyne-modified locked nucleic acid (LNA) strands and a series of fluorescent azides for homogeneous (all-in-solution) detection of nucleic acids and autoimmune antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Jørgensen
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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Kim J, Lee GH, Jung W, Hah SS. Selective and quantitative cell detection based both on aptamers and the conventional cell-staining methods. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 43:362-5. [PMID: 23357002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aptamer-based biochips for selective cell detection and quantitation in combination of the recent biochip technology and the conventional cell staining methods are described. Using a model system comprising HER2- or PSMA-positive cells as the analytes and single-stranded RNA aptamers specific for HER2 or PSMA as immobilized ligands on chips, we could demonstrate that aptamers were equivalent or superior to antibodies in terms of specificity and sensitivity, respectively. In particular, our PSMA-specific sensor was found to have the characteristics of good stability, reproducibility and reusability, with detection limit as low as 10(3) LNCaP cells. In conclusion, we could show the suitability of nucleic acid aptamers as low molecular weight receptors on biochips for sensitive and specific cell detection and quantitation for future diagnostics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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