1
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Vilardi A, Przyborski S, Mobbs C, Rufini A, Tufarelli C. Current understanding of the interplay between extracellular matrix remodelling and gut permeability in health and disease. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:258. [PMID: 38802341 PMCID: PMC11130177 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal wall represents an interactive network regulated by the intestinal epithelium, extracellular matrix (ECM) and mesenchymal compartment. Under healthy physiological conditions, the epithelium undergoes constant renewal and forms an integral and selective barrier. Following damage, the healthy epithelium is restored via a series of signalling pathways that result in remodelling of the scaffolding tissue through finely-regulated proteolysis of the ECM by proteases such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). However, chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, as occurs in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), is associated with prolonged disruption of the epithelial barrier and persistent damage to the intestinal mucosa. Increased barrier permeability exhibits distinctive signatures of inflammatory, immunological and ECM components, accompanied by increased ECM proteolytic activity. This narrative review aims to bring together the current knowledge of the interplay between gut barrier, immune and ECM features in health and disease, discussing the role of barrier permeability as a discriminant between homoeostasis and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Vilardi
- Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Mobbs
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Rufini
- Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, United Kingdom.
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Cristina Tufarelli
- Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, United Kingdom.
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2
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Nolazco JI, Soerensen SJC, Chung BI. Biomarkers for the Detection and Surveillance of Renal Cancer. Urol Clin North Am 2023; 50:191-204. [PMID: 36948666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by a broad spectrum of disorders in terms of genetics, molecular and clinical characteristics. There is an urgent need for noninvasive tools to stratify and select patients for treatment accurately. In this review, we analyze serum, urinary, and imaging biomarkers that have the potential to detect malignant tumors in patients with RCC. We discuss the characteristics of these numerous biomarkers and their ability to be used routinely in clinical practice. The development of biomarkers continues to evolve with promising prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Nolazco
- Division of Urological Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 45 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Austral, Universidad Austral, Av Juan Domingo Perón 1500, B1629AHJ Pilar, Argentina.
| | - Simon John Christoph Soerensen
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Benjamin I Chung
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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3
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Skinner DD, Syage AR, Olivarria GM, Stone C, Hoglin B, Lane TE. Sustained Infiltration of Neutrophils Into the CNS Results in Increased Demyelination in a Viral-Induced Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:931388. [PMID: 36248905 PMCID: PMC9562915 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial inoculation of the neuroadapted JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV) into susceptible strains of mice results in acute encephalomyelitis followed by a cimmune-mediated demyelination similar to the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS). JHMV infection of transgenic mice in which expression of the neutrophil chemoattractant chemokine CXCL1 is under the control of a tetracycline-inducible promoter active within GFAP-positive cells results in sustained neutrophil infiltration in the central nervous system (CNS) that correlates with an increase in spinal cord demyelination. We used single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and flow cytometry to characterize molecular and cellular changes within the CNS associated with increased demyelination in transgenic mice compared to control animals. These approaches revealed the presence of activated neutrophils as determined by expression of mRNA transcripts associated with neutrophil effector functions, including CD63, MMP9, S100a8, S100a9, and ASPRV1, as well as altered neutrophil morphology and protein expression. Collectively, these findings reveal insight into changes in the profile of neutrophils associated with increased white matter damage in mice persistently infected with a neurotropic coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic D. Skinner
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Amber R. Syage
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Gema M. Olivarria
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Colleen Stone
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Bailey Hoglin
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Thomas E. Lane
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States,Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Thomas E. Lane,
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4
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Liu D, Saikam V, Skrada KA, Merlin D, Iyer SS. Inflammatory bowel disease biomarkers. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1856-1887. [PMID: 35603998 PMCID: PMC10321231 DOI: 10.1002/med.21893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized as chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, which includes two main subtypes, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Endoscopy combined with biopsy is the most effective way to establish IBD diagnosis and disease management. Imaging techniques have also been developed to monitor IBD. Although effective, the methods are expensive and invasive, which leads to pain and discomfort. Alternative noninvasive biomarkers are being explored as tools for IBD prognosis and disease management. This review focuses on novel biomarkers that have emerged in recent years. These serological biomarkers and microRNAs could potentially be used for disease management in IBD, thereby decreasing patient discomfort and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, 788 Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Varma Saikam
- Department of Chemistry, 788 Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Katie A Skrada
- Department of Chemistry, 788 Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Didier Merlin
- 790 Petit Science Center, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Suri S Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, 788 Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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5
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Serum of Post-COVID-19 Syndrome Patients with or without ME/CFS Differentially Affects Endothelial Cell Function In Vitro. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152376. [PMID: 35954219 PMCID: PMC9367589 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A proportion of COVID-19 reconvalescent patients develop post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) including a subgroup fulfilling diagnostic criteria of Myalgic encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (PCS/CFS). Recently, endothelial dysfunction (ED) has been demonstrated in these patients, but the mechanisms remain elusive. Therefore, we investigated the effects of patients’ sera on endothelia cells (ECs) in vitro. PCS (n = 17), PCS/CFS (n = 13), and healthy controls (HC, n = 14) were screened for serum anti-endothelial cell autoantibodies (AECAs) and dysregulated cytokines. Serum-treated ECs were analysed for the induction of activation markers and the release of small molecules by flow cytometry. Moreover, the angiogenic potential of sera was measured in a tube formation assay. While only marginal differences between patient groups were observed for serum cytokines, AECA binding to ECs was significantly increased in PCS/CFS patients. Surprisingly, PCS and PCS/CFS sera reduced surface levels of several EC activation markers. PCS sera enhanced the release of molecules associated with vascular remodelling and significantly promoted angiogenesis in vitro compared to the PCS/CFS and HC groups. Additionally, sera from both patient cohorts induced the release of molecules involved in inhibition of nitric oxide-mediated endothelial relaxation. Overall, PCS and PCS/CFS patients′ sera differed in their AECA content and their functional effects on ECs, i.e., secretion profiles and angiogenic potential. We hypothesise a pro-angiogenic effect of PCS sera as a compensatory mechanism to ED which is absent in PCS/CFS patients.
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6
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Yuan JH, Xie LS, Zhu YH, Wang XH, Zhang YJ, Wang XJ. Combination of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 are biomarkers for the detection of colon tubular adenocarcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1506-1517. [PMID: 34721781 PMCID: PMC8529926 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i10.1506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubular adenocarcinoma of the colon, which originates from the epithelium of the glands, is a major health concern worldwide. However, it is difficult to detect at an early stage. The lack of biomarkers is a main barrier to the diagnosis and treatment of tubular adenocarcinoma. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a secreted protein that induces the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and is involved in various tumors. NGAL and MMP-9 have been reported to be associated with tumorigenesis and development. They may have potential as biomarkers for diagnosis of tubular adenocarcinoma of the colon.
AIM To determine whether NGAL and MMP-9 can be used as potential biomarkers to indicate the progression of tubular adenocarcinoma of the colon.
METHODS Samples were collected from surgically excised tissue from various patients. The content of pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (pro-GRP) in the serum was measured by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The expression patterns of NGAL and MMP-9 and the relationship between NGAL and MMP-9 were examined by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis.
RESULTS In this study, we found that NGAL and MMP-9 can be used as biomarkers for the detection of tubular adenocarcinoma of the colon and that their combination improved diagnostic accuracy. By analyzing the expression of NGAL in tubular adenocarcinoma at different levels, we found that NGAL expression was significantly upregulated in primary tubular adenocarcinoma tissues compared with normal tissues. The upregulation of NGAL expression was strongly correlated with both the degree of differentiation and the disease stage (I–III), indicating that NGAL could serve as a diagnostic biomarker for tubular adenocarcinoma. When using NGAL as a biomarker for diagnosis, the accuracy was similar to that achieved with the widely used biomarker pro-GRP, suggesting that NGAL is reliable. Moreover, the expression of MMP-9 was also strongly correlated with the differentiation stage, demonstrating that MMP-9 could be used as a biomarker to indicate the progression of tubular adenocarcinoma of the colon. More importantly, the combination of NGAL and MMP-9 produced a more accurate diagnosis of tubular adenocarcinoma, and these results were further confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis of tissue sections.
CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that both NGAL and MMP-9 can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of colon tubular adenocarcinoma and that the results could be further improved by combining them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hua Yuan
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Shuang Xie
- Medical Records Room, Yinan County People’s Hospital, Yinan 276399, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu-Hua Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Liver Diseases, Jinan Infectious Disease Hospital, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi-Jing Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wang
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
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Bratu O, Mischianu D, Marcu D, Spinu D, Iorga L, Cherciu A, Balescu I, Bacalbasa N, Diaconu C, Savu C, Savu C, Anghel R. Renal tumor biomarkers (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1297. [PMID: 34630652 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most common types of cancer worldwide (9th most commonly diagnosed) is renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It is more common in developed countries and it usually develops in individuals between 60 and 70 years of age. The earlier the disease is identified, the lower the morbidity. Therefore molecular markers that exist in blood and urine may be used for earlier detection and diagnosis but also for the follow-up of the patient after treatment, whether surgical or oncological. The trend is to analyze the gene and protein expression as they constitute a source for new biomarkers. These markers are promising but in clinical practice regarding disease management, they are rarely used. Biological markers can be employed in many tumors because they can identify the prognostic value for individual treatment. However, markers for RCC are not validated, and their analysis is currently under investigation. Previous findings have demonstrated that the metastatic potential of RCC can be predicted using the biological features of the tumor cell. It is believed that the transformation from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype gives the tumor cell the ability to metastasize. The purpose of this review was to identify the most valuable tumor markers that can be clinically used for the prognosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with renal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu Bratu
- Department of Urology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Urology, University Emergency Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Urology, Academy of Romanian Scientists, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Mischianu
- Department of Urology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Urology, University Emergency Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Urology, Academy of Romanian Scientists, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragos Marcu
- Department of Urology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Urology, University Emergency Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Spinu
- Department of Urology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Urology, University Emergency Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucian Iorga
- Department of Urology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Urology, University Emergency Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Cherciu
- Department of Urology, University Emergency Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Balescu
- Department of Visceral Surgery, 'Ponderas' Academic Hospital, 021188 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Bacalbasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Visceral Surgery, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, 'Fundeni' Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'I. Cantacuzino' Clinical Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Diaconu
- Department of Internal Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 105402 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cornel Savu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 'Marius Nasta' National Institute of Pneumophtisiology, 050159 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Savu
- Department of Anesthesiology, 'Fundeni' Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Anghel
- Department of Urology, University Emergency Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
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8
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Pavlova TV, Pilkevich NB, Bessmertnyi DV, Pavlov IA, Atiakshin DV, Pavlova LA. Evaluation of New Immunohistochemical Approaches for the Study of Kidney Tumors in Geriatric. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2021; 76:1107-1113. [PMID: 35096347 PMCID: PMC8790976 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.355858.1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Kidney malignancies are among the most deadly genitourinary tumors. It is more common in males and is often seen in people aged 60-70 years old. The incidence rate of kidney cancer seems to be increasing. One reason for this may be the fact that imaging techniques, such as computed tomography scans are more commonly used. These tests may lead to the accidental detection of more kidney cancers. Fortunately, kidney cancer is often detected in the early stages, when the tumor is small and confined to the kidney. The objective of this study was the development of new diagnostic immunohistochemical methods. Clinical examination material of 134 people, including 94 (70%) males and 40 (30%) females, were used in this study. Immunohistochemical staining of tryptase was carried out in compliance with the requirements using Anti-Mast Cell Tryptase antibodies. Goat anti-mouse antibodies #AS-M1-HRP were used as secondary antibodies, visualized with ImmPACTTM DAB Peroxidase Substrate Kit (#SK-4105) according to the instructions of the manufacturer. The nuclei were counterstained with Mayer's hematoxylin, and the sections were embedded in a permanent mounting medium. The immunohistochemical study showed an increase in both tryptase- and chymase-positive mast cells in the renal parenchyma, compared with the control group. The number of mast cells with tryptase expression directly in the tumor was significantly less than the peritumoral localization. A similar pattern was observed for chymase-positive mast cells as the content of the tumor was more than 10 times higher than the intratumoral arrangement. The histological and immunological characteristics did not differ in different age groups. The immunohistochemical method of research in the diagnosis of renal tumors plays an important diagnostic and prognostic value. It can assist pathologists in difficult and ambiguous cases to correctly diagnose renal tumors. This will make it possible to prescribe the correct treatment and predict the course of malignant tumor growth in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Pavlova
- Department of Pathology, Belgorod State University, Belgorod, Russian Federation
| | - N B Pilkevich
- Department of Pathology, Belgorod State University, Belgorod, Russian Federation
| | - D V Bessmertnyi
- Department of Pathology, Belgorod State University, Belgorod, Russian Federation
| | - I A Pavlov
- Urological Department, Belgorod Cancer Clinic, Belgorod, Russian Federation
| | - D V Atiakshin
- Voronezh State Medical Academy Named after N. N. Burdenko, 394036, Voronezh, Russian Federation
| | - L A Pavlova
- Department of Pathology, Belgorod State University, Belgorod, Russian Federation
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9
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Flitcroft JG, Verheyen J, Vemulkar T, Welbourne EN, Rossi SH, Welsh SJ, Cowburn RP, Stewart GD. Early detection of kidney cancer using urinary proteins: a truly non-invasive strategy. BJU Int 2021; 129:290-303. [PMID: 34570419 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review urinary protein biomarkers as potential non-invasive, easily obtainable, early diagnostic tools in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS A PubMed database search was performed up to the year 2020 to identify primary studies reporting potential urinary protein biomarkers for RCC. Separate searches were conducted to identify studies describing appropriate methods of developing cancer screening programmes and detection of cancer biomarkers. RESULTS Several urinary protein biomarkers are under validation for RCC diagnostics, e.g. aquaporin-1, perilipin-2, carbonic anhydrase-9, Raf-kinase inhibitory protein, nuclear matrix protein-22, 14-3-3 Protein β/α and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. However, none has yet been validated or approved for clinical use due to low sensitivity or specificity, inconsistencies in appropriate study design, or lack of external validation. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of biomarkers' feasibility, sample preparation and storage, biomarker validation, and the application of novel technologies may provide a solution that maximises the potential for a truly non-invasive biomarker in early RCC diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan G Flitcroft
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeroen Verheyen
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tarun Vemulkar
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma N Welbourne
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sabrina H Rossi
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah J Welsh
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Russell P Cowburn
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Grant D Stewart
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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10
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Kot K, Kupnicka P, Witulska O, Czepan A, Łanocha-Arendarczyk NA, Łanocha AA, Kosik-Bogacka DI. Potential Biomarkers in Diagnosis of Renal Acanthamoebiasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6583. [PMID: 34205319 PMCID: PMC8234237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that Acanthamoeba spp. may play a significant role in kidney dysfunction. The aim of the study was to examine the levels of kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), as well as an activity of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively) in the kidneys of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice infected with Acanthamoeba spp. The levels of KIM-1, NGAL, and MCP-1 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the activity of MMPs was determined by gelatin zymography. The elevated KIM-1 level was found in the kidneys of immunocompetent mice at the beginning of Acanthamoeba spp. infection. In the immunosuppressed mice, the KIM-1 level was statistically different. The statistically decreased NGAL level was found in the kidneys of immunocompetent mice compared to the uninfected mice. In the immunocompromised mice, we found statistically significant differences in MCP-1 levels between the uninfected and infected groups. There was an increase in the expression of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the kidneys of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice infected with Acanthamoeba spp. compared to the uninfected mice. The results indicate that KIM-1, NGAL, MCP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-9/NGAL might be promising biomarkers of renal acanthamoebiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kot
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (O.W.); (A.C.); (N.A.Ł.-A.)
| | - Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Oliwia Witulska
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (O.W.); (A.C.); (N.A.Ł.-A.)
| | - Aleksandra Czepan
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (O.W.); (A.C.); (N.A.Ł.-A.)
| | - Natalia Agnieszka Łanocha-Arendarczyk
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (O.W.); (A.C.); (N.A.Ł.-A.)
| | - Aleksandra Anna Łanocha
- Department of Haematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Danuta Izabela Kosik-Bogacka
- Independent Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Botany, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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11
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Iron-Bound Lipocalin-2 Protects Renal Cell Carcinoma from Ferroptosis. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050329. [PMID: 34069743 PMCID: PMC8161288 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While the importance of the iron-load of lipocalin-2 (Lcn-2) in promoting tumor progression is widely appreciated, underlying molecular mechanisms largely remain elusive. Considering its role as an iron-transporter, we aimed at clarifying iron-loaded, holo-Lcn-2 (hLcn-2)-dependent signaling pathways in affecting renal cancer cell viability. Applying RNA sequencing analysis in renal CAKI1 tumor cells to explore highly upregulated molecular signatures in response to hLcn-2, we identified a cluster of genes (SLC7A11, GCLM, GLS), which are implicated in regulating ferroptosis. Indeed, hLcn-2-stimulated cells are protected from erastin-induced ferroptosis. We also noticed a rapid increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) with subsequent activation of the antioxidant Nrf2 pathway. However, knocking down Nrf2 by siRNA was not sufficient to induce erastin-dependent ferroptotic cell death in hLcn-2-stimulated tumor cells. In contrast, preventing oxidative stress through N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) supplementation was still able to induce erastin-dependent ferroptotic cell death in hLcn-2-stimulated tumor cells. Besides an oxidative stress response, we noticed activation of the integrated stress response (ISR), shown by enhanced phosphorylation of eIF-2α and induction of ATF4 after hLcn-2 addition. ATF4 knockdown as well as inhibition of the ISR sensitized hLcn-2-treated renal tumor cells to ferroptosis, thus linking the ISR to pro-tumor characteristics of hLcn-2. Our study provides mechanistic details to better understand tumor pro-survival pathways initiated by iron-loaded Lcn-2.
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12
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Kot K, Łanocha-Arendarczyk N, Ptak M, Łanocha A, Kalisińska E, Kosik-Bogacka D. Pathomechanisms in the Kidneys in Selected Protozoan Parasitic Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4209. [PMID: 33921746 PMCID: PMC8073708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, malaria, toxoplasmosis, and acanthamoebiasis are protozoan parasitic infections. They remain important contributors to the development of kidney disease, which is associated with increased patients' morbidity and mortality. Kidney injury mechanisms are not fully understood in protozoan parasitic diseases, bringing major difficulties to specific therapeutic interventions. The aim of this review is to present the biochemical and molecular mechanisms in kidneys infected with Leishmania spp., Plasmodium spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Acanthamoeba spp. We present available mechanisms of an immune response, oxidative stress, apoptosis process, hypoxia, biomarkers of renal injury in the serum or urine, and the histopathological changes of kidneys infected with the selected parasites. Pathomechanisms of Leishmania spp. and Plasmodium spp. infections have been deeply investigated, while Toxoplasma gondii and Acanthamoeba spp. infections in the kidneys are not well known yet. Deeper knowledge of kidney involvement in leishmaniasis and malaria by presenting their mechanisms provides insight into how to create novel and effective treatments. Additionally, the presented work shows gaps in the pathophysiology of renal toxoplasmosis and acanthamoebiasis, which need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kot
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (N.Ł.-A.); (E.K.)
| | - Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (N.Ł.-A.); (E.K.)
| | - Michał Ptak
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Łanocha
- Department of Haematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Kalisińska
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (N.Ł.-A.); (E.K.)
| | - Danuta Kosik-Bogacka
- Independent Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Botany, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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13
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Che K, Han W, Zhang M, Niu H. Role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:148. [PMID: 33552266 PMCID: PMC7798090 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a glycoprotein present in a wide variety of tissues and cell types. It exists as a monomer of 25 kDa, a homodimer of 45 kDa or a heterodimer of 135 kDa (disulfide bound to latent matrix metalloproteinase-9). NGAL is considered the biochemical gold standard for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury and has attracted much attention as a diagnostic biomarker. NGAL has controversial (i.e. both beneficial and detrimental) effects on cellular processes associated with tumor development, such as cell proliferation, survival, migration, invasion and drug resistance. Therefore, the present review aimed at clarifying the role of NGAL in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Relevant studies of NGAL and RCC were searched in PubMed and relevant information about the structure, expression, function and mechanism of NGAL in RCC were summarized. Finally, the following conclusions could be drawn from the literature: i) NGAL can be detected in cancer tissues, serum and urine of patients with RCC; ii) NGAL is not a suitable diagnostic marker for early screening of RCC; iii) NGAL expression may be used to predict the prognosis of patients with RCC; and iv) Further research on NGAL may be helpful to decrease sunitinib resistance and find new treatment strategies for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Che
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Wenkai Han
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Niu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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14
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Relation of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Overexpression to the Resistance to Apoptosis of Tumor B Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082124. [PMID: 32751884 PMCID: PMC7465759 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The resistance to apoptosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells partly results from the deregulated production of survival signals from leukemic cells. Despite the development of new therapies in CLL, drug resistance and disease relapse still occur. Recently, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a secreted glycoprotein, has been suggested to have a critical role in the biology of tumors. Thus, we investigated the relevance of NGAL in CLL pathogenesis, analyzed the expression of its cellular receptor (NGAL-R) on malignant B cells and tested whether CLL cells are resistant to apoptosis through an autocrine process involving NGAL and NGAL-R. We observed that NGAL concentrations were elevated in the serum of CLL patients at diagnosis. After treatment (and regardless of the therapeutic regimen), serum NGAL levels normalized in CLL patients in remission but not in relapsed patients. In parallel, NGAL and NGAL-R were upregulated in leukemic cells from untreated CLL patients when compared to normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and returned to basal levels in PBMCs from patients in remission. Cultured CLL cells released endogenous NGAL. Anti-NGAL-R antibodies enhanced NGAL-R+ leukemia cell death. Conversely, recombinant NGAL protected NGAL-R+ CLL cells against apoptosis by activating a STAT3/Mcl-1 signaling pathway. Our results suggest that NGAL and NGAL-R, overexpressed in untreated CLL, participate in the deregulation of the apoptotic machinery in CLL cells, and may be potential therapeutic clues for CLL treatment.
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15
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Ginkgolic acid (GA) suppresses gastric cancer growth by inducing apoptosis and suppressing STAT3/JAK2 signaling regulated by ROS. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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16
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Rehwald C, Schnetz M, Urbschat A, Mertens C, Meier JK, Bauer R, Baer P, Winslow S, Roos FC, Zwicker K, Huard A, Weigert A, Brüne B, Jung M. The iron load of lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) defines its pro-tumour function in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2019; 122:421-433. [PMID: 31772326 PMCID: PMC7000824 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0655-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed at clarifying the role of lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Since LCN-2 was recently identified as a novel iron transporter, we explored its iron load as a decisive factor in conferring its biological function. METHODS LCN-2 expression was analysed at the mRNA and protein level by using immunohistochemistry, RNAscope® and qRT-PCR in patients diagnosed with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma compared with adjacent healthy tissue. We measured LCN-2-bound iron by atomic absorption spectrometry from patient-derived samples and applied functional assays by using ccRCC cell lines, primary cells, and 3D tumour spheroids to verify the role of the LCN-2 iron load in tumour progression. RESULTS LCN-2 was associated with poor patient survival and LCN-2 mRNA clustered in high- and low-expressing ccRCC patients. LCN-2 protein was found overexpressed in tumour compared with adjacent healthy tissue, whereby LCN-2 was iron loaded. In vitro, the iron load determines the biological function of LCN-2. Iron-loaded LCN-2 showed pro-tumour functions, whereas iron-free LCN-2 produced adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS We provide new insights into the pro-tumour function of LCN-2. LCN-2 donates iron to cells to promote migration and matrix adhesion. Since the iron load of LCN-2 determines its pro-tumour characteristics, targeting either its iron load or its receptor interaction might represent new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rehwald
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Schnetz
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anja Urbschat
- Institute for Biomedicine, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé 6, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.,Clinic of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christina Mertens
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julia K Meier
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rebekka Bauer
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick Baer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sofia Winslow
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frederik C Roos
- Clinic of Urology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Zwicker
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Arnaud Huard
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany.,Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michaela Jung
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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17
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Baez IB, Sampieri CL, Solano FC, Martínez Cazares MT, Montero H, Cuevas RZ. Activity of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 isoforms in sputum samples from individuals infected with M. tuberculosis. Microb Pathog 2019; 135:103607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Huang H, Qiu Y, Huang G, Zhou X, Zhou X, Luo W. Value of Ferritin Heavy Chain (FTH1) Expression in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:3700-3715. [PMID: 31104064 PMCID: PMC6537665 DOI: 10.12659/msm.914162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum ferritin is a useful tumor marker for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the expression of ferritin heavy chain (FTH1), the main subunit of ferritin, is unclear in primary RCC tissues. In this study, we investigated FTH1 mRNA expression and its diagnostic and prognostic value in RCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS The mRNA expression of FTH1 was analyzed using including Oncomine, Gene Expression Omnibus, and Cancer Genome Atlas datasets, while the protein level of FTH1 was analyzed using the Human Protein Atlas database. The associations between FTH1 and clinicopathologic characteristics and survival time and Cox multivariate survival analysis were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software. A meta-analysis was performed to assess consistency of FTH1 expression. GO, KEGG, and PPI analyses were used to predict biological functions. RESULTS According to TCGA data, overexpression of FTH1 was detected in 890 RCC tissues (15.2904±0.63157) compared to 129 normal kidney tissues (14.4502±0.51523, p<0.001). Among the clinicopathological characteristics evaluated, patients with increased pathologic T staging, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis were significantly associated with higher expression of FTH1. Elevated FTH1 mRNA levels were correlated with worse prognosis of RCC patients. Cox multivariate survival analysis indicated that age, stage, and M stage were predictors of poor prognosis in patients with RCC. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that FTH1 expression is an effective prognostic and diagnosis biomarker for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Huang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yuyun Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Guilian Huang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Wenqi Luo
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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19
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Wang H, Zhai X, Liu T, Liang J, Bian L, Lin L, Chen Z, Li P, Dong Z, Li Z, Wu Y. Development of a novel immunoassay for the simple and fast quantitation of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin using europium(III) chelate microparticles and magnetic beads. J Immunol Methods 2019; 470:15-19. [PMID: 31004578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a promising biomarker for diagnosing acute kidney injury (AKI). Currently, there are few assays for determining NGAL and they are complex, time-consuming or expensive. We aimed to establish an efficient immunoassay to measure NGAL in human urine simply and rapidly. A novel immunoassay for NGAL determination was established by combining a dissociation-enhanced-free time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) and immunomagnetic separation. Based on a "sandwich"-type immunoassay format, analytes in samples were captured by a pair of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in which one mAb was coated in magnetic beads and the other mAb was labeled with europium(III) chelate microparticles (CM-EUs) as "fluorescent reporters". NGAL concentrations were determined in a linear range (10-1500 ng mL-1) with a limit of detection of 0.32 ng mL-1. The reproducibility, recovery, and specificity of our TRFIA were acceptable. Our method was compared with that of a chemiluminescence immunoassay (CMIA) using 115 urine samples, and the results showed good correlation (R2 = 0.8677). We expect our novel method to be useful for the early diagnosis of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangming Zhai
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiancai Liu
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Liang
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lun Bian
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Li
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhining Dong
- Guangzhou Darui Biotechnology Co. LTD, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiong Li
- Guangzhou Darui Biotechnology Co. LTD, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingsong Wu
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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20
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Bauvois B, Susin SA. Revisiting Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) in Cancer: Saint or Sinner? Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10090336. [PMID: 30231474 PMCID: PMC6162539 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a glycoprotein present in a wide variety of tissues and cell types. NGAL exists as a 25 kDa monomer, a 46 kDa homodimer (the most abundant form in healthy subjects) and a 130 kDa disulfide-linked heterodimer bound to latent matrix metalloproteinase-9. Dysregulated expression of NGAL in human malignancies suggests its value as a clinical marker. A growing body of evidence is highlighting NGAL’s paradoxical (i.e., both beneficial and detrimental) effects on cellular processes associated with tumor development (proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and multidrug resistance). At least two distinct cell surface receptors are identified for NGAL. This review (i) summarizes our current knowledge of NGAL’s expression profiles in solid tumors and leukemias, and (ii) critically evaluates the beneficial and detrimental activities of NGAL having been documented in a diverse range of cancer-derived cell lines. A better understanding of the causal relationships between NGAL dysregulation and tumor development will require a fine analysis of the molecular aspects and biological role(s) of NGAL both in primary tumors and at different stages of disease. Having an accurate picture of NGAL’s contribution to tumor progression is a prerequisite for attempting to modulate this protein as a putative therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Bauvois
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Universités Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France.
- Université Paris Descartes, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Santos A Susin
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Universités Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France.
- Université Paris Descartes, F-75005 Paris, France.
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21
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Qian H, Li X, Zhang W, Ma L, Sun J, Tang X, Chen Y, Teng L, Wang W, Li D, Xu Y, Li C, Cao Y. Caspase-10, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and total laminin are correlated with the tumor malignancy of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2039-2045. [PMID: 30008898 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common malignant kidney tumor, the pathogenesis of which remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether caspase-10, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and total laminin (LM) were involved into the pathogenesis of ccRCC. The levels of caspase-10, MMP-9 and total LM were analyzed by ELISA in tumor tissues and adjacent non-malignant tissues of 27 patients with ccRCC. The results revealed that caspase-10 levels in the tumor tissues were significantly higher than those in the adjacent non-malignant tissues (P<0.05). The MMP-9 levels in the tumor tissues were significantly lower than those in adjacent non-malignant tissues (P<0.01). The total LM levels in tumor tissues revealed no statistical difference with those in the adjacent non-malignant tissues (P=0.757). Additionally, caspase-10 levels were positively correlated with MMP-9 levels (P<0.001), but negatively correlated with total LM levels (P<0.05) in tumor tissues. Correlation analyses with clinical data of patients with ccRCC, revealed that caspase-10 levels (P<0.05) and MMP-9 levels (P<0.001) in tumor tissues were positively correlated with tumor grades of ccRCC, whereas total LM levels were positively correlated with tumor size (P<0.05). The results of the present study suggested that interactions between caspase-10, MMP-9 and LM are likely involved in the pathogenesis of ccRCC. A deeper understanding of the correlation between caspase-10, MMP-9 and LM would aid the clarification of pathogenesis of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qian
- Academician Workstation, Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China.,Academician Workstation, Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Academician Workstation, Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China.,Academician Workstation, Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Liang Ma
- Academician Workstation, Harbin Medical University and Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xianling Tang
- Eye Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Lichen Teng
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Dechao Li
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yongpeng Xu
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Changfu Li
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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22
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Sant B, Rao PVL, Nagar DP, Pant SC, Bhasker ASB. Evaluation of abrin induced nephrotoxicity by using novel renal injury markers. Toxicon 2017; 131:20-28. [PMID: 28288935 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abrin is a potent plant toxin analogous to ricin that is derived from the seeds of Abrus precatorius plant. It belongs to the family of type II ribosome-inactivating proteins and causes cell death by irreversibly inactivating ribosomes through site-specific depurination. In this study we examined the in vivo nephrotoxicity potential of abrin toxin in terms of oxidative stress, inflammation, histopathological changes and biomarkers of kidney injury. Animals were exposed to 0.5 and 1.0 LD50 dose of abrin by intraperitoneal route and observed for 1, 3, and 7 day post-toxin exposure. Depletion of reduced glutathione and increased lipid peroxidation levels were observed in abrin treated mice. In addition, abrin also induced inflammation in the kidneys as observed through expression of MMP-9 and MMP-9/NGAL complex in abrin treated groups by using zymography method. Nephrotoxicity was also evaluated by western blot analysis of kidney injury biomarkers including Clusterin, Cystatin C and NGAL, and their results indicate severity of kidney injury in abrin treated groups. Kidney histology confirmed inflammatory changes due to abrin. The data generated in the present study clearly prove the nephrotoxicity potential of abrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Sant
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - P V Lakshmana Rao
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - D P Nagar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - S C Pant
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - A S B Bhasker
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India.
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23
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Can NGAL be employed as prognostic and diagnostic biomarker in human cancers? A systematic review of current evidence. Int J Biol Markers 2017; 32:e53-e61. [PMID: 28106227 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have reported differentially altered neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels in several malignancies. We evaluated NGAL measured in plasma or urine as both prognostic and diagnostic marker for different types of human tumors. METHODS We performed systematic electronic searches in Medline, Embase and CRDTAS. Studies were included if they evaluated NGAL as a prognostic or diagnostic marker for human cancers. The selection of the studies, screening of the full texts and data extraction were conducted independently by 2 authors. We used the random-effects model for the meta-analyses. A methodological assessment was completed. RESULTS We included 35 studies dedicated to colorectal, pancreas, breast, thyroid, gastric, kidney, endometrial, brain, liver, lung, esophageal, oral and ovarian cancers. Our meta-analyses showed that, in patients with colorectal and breast cancer, positive NGAL expression was associated with a decrease of disease-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.27, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.54-3.36; HR = 1.78, 95% CI, 1.33-2.38, respectively). NGAL was a negative prognostic marker of overall survival in colorectal (HR = 2.37, 95% CI, 1.68-3.34) and endometrial (HR = 4.38, 95% CI, 1.9-10.12) cancers. Discriminative power of NGAL between cancer patients and control was moderate in colorectal cancer (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.6; pooled sensitivity 0.56; pooled specificity 0.72), acceptable in pancreatic cancer (AUC = 0.8; pooled sensitivity 0.6; pooled specificity 0.8) and good in thyroid cancer (AUC = 0.9; pooled sensitivity 0.85; pooled specificity 0.96). CONCLUSIONS NGAL determination in plasma and urine could be useful in the prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer, but its prognostic accuracy remains uncertain for other human tumors.
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Bchir S, Nasr HB, Bouchet S, Benzarti M, Garrouch A, Tabka Z, Susin S, Chahed K, Bauvois B. Concomitant elevations of MMP-9, NGAL, proMMP-9/NGAL and neutrophil elastase in serum of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:1280-1291. [PMID: 28004483 PMCID: PMC5487915 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence points towards smoking‐related phenotypic differences in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). As COPD is associated with systemic inflammation, we determined whether smoking status is related to serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (pro‐ and active MMP‐9), neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) and the proMMP‐9/NGAL complex in patients with COPD. Serum samples were collected in 100 stable‐phase COPD patients (82 smokers, 18 never‐smokers) and 28 healthy adults (21 smokers, 7 never‐smokers). Serum levels of studied factors were measured in ELISA. Our data provide the first evidence of simultaneously elevated serum levels of MMP‐9, NGAL and proMMP‐9/NGAL in COPD smokers. While the triad discriminated between smokers and non‐smokers in the COPD group, MMP‐9 and proMMP‐9/NGAL (but not NGAL) discriminated between smokers with and without COPD. Adjustment for age and smoking pack‐years did not alter the findings. Serum MMP‐9, NGAL and proMMP‐9/NGAL levels were not correlated with the GOLD stage or FEV1 decline. Furthermore, serum levels of neutrophil elastase (NE) and MMP‐3 (but not of IL‐6 and MMP‐12) were also higher in COPD smokers than in healthy smokers before and after adjustment for age and pack‐years. Among COPD smokers, levels of MMP‐9, NGAL and proMMP‐9/NGAL were positively correlated with NE (P < 0.0001) but not with the remaining factors. Gelatin zymography detected proMMP‐9 in serum samples of healthy and COPD smoking groups. Our results suggest that associated serum levels of proMMP‐9, NGAL, proMMP‐9/NGAL and NE may reflect the state of systemic inflammation in COPD related to cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Bchir
- Unité de recherche UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'Exercice et Physiopathologie de l'Intégré au Moléculaire, Biologie, Médecine et Santé, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hela Ben Nasr
- Unité de recherche UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'Exercice et Physiopathologie de l'Intégré au Moléculaire, Biologie, Médecine et Santé, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sandrine Bouchet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Benzarti
- Service de Pneumo-Allergologie, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Zouhair Tabka
- Unité de recherche UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'Exercice et Physiopathologie de l'Intégré au Moléculaire, Biologie, Médecine et Santé, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Santos Susin
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Karim Chahed
- Unité de recherche UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'Exercice et Physiopathologie de l'Intégré au Moléculaire, Biologie, Médecine et Santé, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Brigitte Bauvois
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS1138, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Diagnostic value of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin/matrix metalloproteinase-9 pathway in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:9855-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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26
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Du ZP, Wu BL, Xie YM, Zhang YL, Liao LD, Zhou F, Xie JJ, Zeng FM, Xu XE, Fang WK, Li EM, Xu LY. Lipocalin 2 promotes the migration and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells through a novel positive feedback loop. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1853:2240-50. [PMID: 26190820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is a poor prognostic factor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), however its functional roles and molecular mechanisms of action remain to be clarified. Here, we described the functions and signaling pathways for LCN2 in ESCC. Overexpression of LCN2 in ESCC cells accelerated cell migration and invasion in vitro, and promoted lung metastasis in vivo. Blocking LCN2 expression inhibited its pro-oncogenic effect. Either overexpression of LCN2 or treatment with recombinant human LCN2 protein enhanced the activation of MEK/ERK pathway, which in turn increases endogenous LCN2 to increase MMP-9 activity. The decreased p-cofilin and increased p-ERM induced by pERK1/2 cause the cytoskeleton F-actin rearrangement and alter the behavior of ESCC cells mediated by LCN2. As a consequence, activation of MMP-9 and the rearrangement of F-actin throw light on the mechanisms for LCN2 in ESCC. These results imply that LCN2 promotes the migration and invasion of ESCC cells through a novel positive feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Peng Du
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province 515041, China
| | - Bing-Li Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yang-Min Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Experimental Animal Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ying-Li Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Lian-Di Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Experimental Animal Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jian-Jun Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Fa-Min Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiu-E Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Wang-Kai Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - En-Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
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Awji EG, Seagrave JC, Tesfaigzi Y. Correlation of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation and Emphysema in C3H and C57Bl/6 Mice. Toxicol Sci 2015; 147:75-83. [PMID: 26032511 PMCID: PMC4830240 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed mice have been used to model airway inflammation and emphesema in humans; however, the impact of exposure duration, sex, and strain differences in susceptibility to progression of airway inflammation and to emphesema are poorly investigated. This study was designed to determine the association between inflammation and emphysema by exposing 2 strains of mice, C3H/HeN (C3H) and C57BL/6 (Bl/6), to filtered air (FA) or CS for 10, 16, or 22 weeks. Both genders and strains of CS-exposed mice developed pulmonary inflammation as characterized by cell counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the BALF. CS exposure caused persistently higher number of BALF macrophages in C3H compared to BL/6 mice, while more BALF neutrophils and persistently higher MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were observed in BL/6 mice. The mean linear intercept (Lm) increased progressively by 26%, 33%, and 55% at 10, 16, and 22 weeks, respectively, in CS-exposed C3H mice compared to the matched air controls. In BL/6 mice, although CS exposure also increased the Lm compared to FA controls, no further increase in Lm beyond the levels observed at 16 weeks of exposure was observed by 22 weeks. These findings suggest that extent of inflammation is not associated with severity of emphysema and underscores the importance of carefully selecting the mouse strains and endpoints when exploring effective treatments for emphesema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias G Awji
- COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108
| | - Jean Clare Seagrave
- COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108
| | - Yohannes Tesfaigzi
- COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108
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Ricci S, Bruzzese D, DI Carlo A. Evaluation of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, NGAL and MMP-9/NGAL complex in urine and sera from patients with bladder cancer. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2527-2532. [PMID: 26622883 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of biomarkers in urine or serum samples from patients with bladder cancer is urgently required for the development of non-invasive methods for the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma and to facilitate follow-up surveillance, to combat the high progression and recurrence rates of this type of cancer. The current study measured the content of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9, as well as tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and -2 in the urine and sera of 41 patients with bladder cancer by ELISA. The association between levels of MMP-2 and -9 and TIMP-1 and -2, and tumor grade and stage were investigated to verify whether these molecules are involved in tumor differentiation. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that urinary TIMP-1 levels were significantly higher in the high grade group compared with those of the low grade samples (P=0.022). The results also revealed a significantly differing distribution of TIMP-1 expression between Ta and T1 stage specimens (P=0.040). The corresponding area under the curves (AUCs) were 0.72, with a sensitivity of 0.70 and specificity of 0.75. In addition, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and MMP-9/NGAL complex levels in the sera were measured. All molecules evaluated were detected in the sera of the patients studied. In particular, tumors staged as non-muscle invasive (Ta and T1), demonstrated significantly higher NGAL levels compared with those of muscle invasive (>T1) bladder cancer (32.8 ng/ml vs. 16.2 ng/ml; P=0.029). The discriminatory ability of NGAL expression was confirmed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis that revealed an AUC of 0.75, a sensitivity of 0.88 and a specificity of 0.67. These data indicated that urinary TIMP-1 and serum NGAL may be useful non-invasive biomarkers to provide clinical information for bladder cancer disease management. Multicenter, prospective studies are required to confirm these preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Ricci
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Dario Bruzzese
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Angelina DI Carlo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Latina 04100, Italy
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Serum and urine biomarkers for human renal cell carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:251403. [PMID: 25922552 PMCID: PMC4398943 DOI: 10.1155/2015/251403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) diagnosis is mostly achieved incidentally by imaging provided for unrelated clinical reasons. The surgical management of localized tumors has reported excellent results. The therapy of advanced RCC has evolved considerably over recent years with the widespread use of the so-called “targeted therapies.” The identification of molecular markers in body fluids (e.g., sera and urine), which can be used for screening, diagnosis, follow-up, and monitoring of drug-based therapy in RCC patients, is one of the most ambitious challenges in oncologic research. Although there are some promising reports about potential biomarkers in sera, there is limited available data regarding urine markers for RCC. The following review reports some of the most promising biomarkers identified in the biological fluids of RCC patients.
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Profiling invasiveness in head and neck cancer: recent contributions of genomic and transcriptomic approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:585-97. [PMID: 25836654 PMCID: PMC4491672 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7020585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput molecular profiling approaches have emerged as precious research tools in the field of head and neck translational oncology. Such approaches have identified and/or confirmed the role of several genes or pathways in the acquisition/maintenance of an invasive phenotype and the execution of cellular programs related to cell invasion. Recently published new-generation sequencing studies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have unveiled prominent roles in carcinogenesis and cell invasion of mutations involving NOTCH1 and PI3K-patwhay components. Gene-expression profiling studies combined with systems biology approaches have allowed identifying and gaining further mechanistic understanding into pathways commonly enriched in invasive HNSCC. These pathways include antigen-presenting and leucocyte adhesion molecules, as well as genes involved in cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Here we review the major insights into invasiveness in head and neck cancer provided by high-throughput molecular profiling approaches.
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Candido S, Maestro R, Polesel J, Catania A, Maira F, Signorelli SS, McCubrey JA, Libra M. Roles of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in human cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:1576-94. [PMID: 24742531 PMCID: PMC4039233 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the major cause of death in the Western world. Although, it has been demonstrated that new therapies can improve the outcome of cancer patients, still many patients relapse after treatment. Therefore, there is a need to identify novel factors involved in cancer development and/or progression. Recently, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has been suggested as a key player in different cancer types. Its oncogenic effect may be related to the complex NGAL/MMP-9. In the present study, NGAL was analyzed at both transcript and protein levels in different cancer types by analysing 38 public available microarray datasets and the Human Protein Atlas tool. NGAL transcripts were significantly higher in the majority of solid tumors compared to the relative normal tissues for every dataset analyzed. Furthermore, concordance of NGAL at both mRNA and protein levels was observed for 6 cancer types including bladder, colorectal, liver, lung, ovarian, and pancreatic. All metastatic tumors showed a decrease of NGAL expression when compared to matched primary lesions. According to these results, NGAL is a candidate marker for tumor growth in a fraction of solid tumors. Further investigations are required to elucidate the function of NGAL in tumor development and metastatic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Candido
- Department of Bio-medical Sciences, Section of Pathology and Oncology, Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Functional Genomics, University of Catania, Catania, (Italy)
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Liu MF, Hu YY, Jin T, Xu K, Wang SH, Du GZ, Wu BL, Li LY, Xu LY, Li EM, Xu HX. Matrix Metalloproteinase-9/Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Complex Activity in Human Glioma Samples Predicts Tumor Presence and Clinical Prognosis. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:138974. [PMID: 26663949 PMCID: PMC4667058 DOI: 10.1155/2015/138974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9/neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (MMP-9/NGAL) complex activity is elevated in brain tumors and may serve as a molecular marker for brain tumors. However, the relationship between MMP-9/NGAL activity in brain tumors and patient prognosis and treatment response remains unclear. Here, we compared the clinical characteristics of glioma patients with the MMP-9/NGAL activity measured in their respective tumor and urine samples. Using gelatin zymography assays, we found that MMP-9/NGAL activity was significantly increased in tumor tissues (TT) and preoperative urine samples (Preop-1d urine). Activity was reduced by seven days after surgery (Postop-1w urine) and elevated again in cases of tumor recurrence. The MMP-9/NGAL status correlated well with MRI-based tumor assessments. These findings suggest that MMP-9/NGAL activity could be a novel marker to detect gliomas and predict the clinical outcome of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fa Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yong-Yang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Shao-Hong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Guang-Zhou Du
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Bing-Li Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Li-Yan Li
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - En-Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Hai-Xiong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou 515041, China
- *Hai-Xiong Xu:
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Ruiz-Morales JM, Dorantes-Heredia R, Arrieta O, Chávez-Tapia NC, Motola-Kuba D. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) prognostic value in lung adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:3601-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Simon F, Dittmar JO, Brons S, Orschiedt L, Urbschat S, Weber KJ, Debus J, Combs SE, Rieken S. Integrin-based meningioma cell migration is promoted by photon but not by carbon-ion irradiation. Strahlenther Onkol 2014; 191:347-55. [PMID: 25445155 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-014-0778-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sublethal doses of photon irradiation (IR) are suspected to increase tumor cell migration and support locoregional recurrence of disease, which has already been shown in other cell lines. This manuscript describes the effect of photon and carbon-ion IR on WHO class I meningioma cell migration and provides an approach to the underlying cellular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Meningioma cells were gained operatively at the university hospital in Homburg/Saar, Germany. For migration, membranes (8-µm pore sizes) were coated with collagen I, with collagen IV, and with fibronectin. Cells were analyzed in migration experiments with or without serum stimulation, with or without photon and carbon IR 24 h prior to experiments, and with or without integrin antibodies. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analyses of the integrins ανβ1, ανβ3, and ανβ5 were performed without IR and 6, 12 and 24 h after IR. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were realized with and without IR after cells were cultured on collagen I, collagen IV, or fibronectin for 24 h. Cells and supernatants for FACS and ELISA were stored at - 18 °C. The significance level was set at 5 % using both Student's t test and two-way ANOVA. RESULTS Migration of meningioma cells was serum-inducible (p < 0.001). It could be increased by photon IR (p < 0.02). The integrins ανβ1 and ανβ5 showed a 21 and 11 % higher expression after serum stimulation (not significant), respectively, and ανβ1 expression was raised by 14 % (p = 0.0057) after photon IR. Antibody blockage of the integrins ανβ1 and ανβ5 inhibited serum- and photon-induced migration. Expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 remained unchanged after both IR and fetal bovine serum (FBS). Carbon-ion IR left both integrin expression and meningioma cell migration unaffected. CONCLUSION Photon but not carbon-ion IR promotes serum-based meningioma cell migration. Fibronectin receptor integrin ανβ1 signaling can be identified as an important mechanism for serum- and photon-induced migration of WHO class I meningioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Simon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany,
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Wang M, Zhang Q, Zhao X, Dong G, Li C. Diagnostic and prognostic value of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 for sepsis in the Emergency Department: an observational study. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2014; 18:634. [PMID: 25407832 PMCID: PMC4258267 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-014-0634-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the early diagnostic, risk stratification and prognostic value of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), compared with procalcitonin (PCT) and the Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis (MEDS) score in septic patients in the emergency department (ED). METHODS In total, 480 consecutive adult patients were enrolled in this study. They fulfilled the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria and were admitted to the ED of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from February 2013 to August 2013. A total of 40 healthy controls comprised the control group. The patients were classified into four groups: SIRS, sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. Serum NGAL, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and PCT were measured, and MEDS score was calculated at enrollment. The prognostic values of NGAL, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were compared with PCT and MEDS score. A 28-day follow-up was performed for all patients. RESULTS The median levels of serum NGAL and TIMP-1 increased with sepsis severity. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curves of NGAL or TIMP-1 were greater than those of PCT and MEDS score in diagnosing and predicting 28-day mortality, and the AUC of a combination of NGAL and MEDS score or TIMP-1 and MEDS score was more significant. Serum NGAL, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels were significantly higher in non-survivors than survivors at 28 days' follow-up. In addition, the level of NGAL was much higher in septic patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) than those without AKI. NGAL, TIMP-1, MMP-9 and MEDS score were found to be independent predictors of 28-day mortality in septic patients. The levels of serum NGAL and TIMP-1 were positively correlated with PCT and MEDS score in every septic group. CONCLUSIONS NGAL and TIMP-1 are valuable for the risk stratification, early diagnosis and prognostication of sepsis in the ED. NGAL is also a valuable biomarker for prognosis of septic patients with AKI in the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wang
- Emergency Department, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8# Worker's Stadium South Road, Beijing, Chao-yang District, 100020, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Emergency Department, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8# Worker's Stadium South Road, Beijing, Chao-yang District, 100020, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Emergency Department, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8# Worker's Stadium South Road, Beijing, Chao-yang District, 100020, China.
| | - Guijuan Dong
- Emergency Department, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8# Worker's Stadium South Road, Beijing, Chao-yang District, 100020, China.
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Emergency Department, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8# Worker's Stadium South Road, Beijing, Chao-yang District, 100020, China.
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Lippi G, Meschi T, Nouvenne A, Mattiuzzi C, Borghi L. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in cancer. Adv Clin Chem 2014; 64:179-219. [PMID: 24938019 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800263-6.00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), also known as lipocalin-2, is a 178-amino acid protein which exists in three molecular forms, including a 25-kDa monomer, a 45-kDa homodimer, and a 135-kDa heterodimer complexed with matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). Polymorphonuclear neutrophils and tubular cells of the kidney are the most representative cellular sources. As such, NGAL is now considered the biochemical gold standard for early diagnosis of acute kidney injury. Recent evidence suggests, however, that ectopic or enhanced expression of NGAL may occur in many other pathologic conditions including cancer. Several epidemiologic studies, as reviewed in this chapter, showed that a variety of malignant tumors consistently overexpressed NGAL with increased concentration in blood, urine, and other biologic fluids. In addition, NGAL was frequently associated with tumor size, stage, and invasiveness. These features thus make it a potential biomarker for malignancy. A number of experimental studies also demonstrated that the ability to bind MMP-9, to scavenge iron into cancer cells along with the effect on subcellular localization of transmembrane proteins such as cadherins and catenins, confers this protein the potential to enhance can cer aggressiveness and makes it an appealing target of future anticancer research.
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Raimondo F, Corbetta S, Chinello C, Pitto M, Magni F. The urinary proteome and peptidome of renal cell carcinoma patients: a comparison of different techniques. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 11:503-14. [PMID: 24890767 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.926222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas, originating from the renal cortex, account for about 80% of kidney primary malignancies. Small localized tumors rarely produce symptoms and diagnosis is often delayed until the disease is advanced. In contrast to other urological cancers, renal cell carcinomas are associated with a high degree of metastases and a low 5-year survival rate. The identification of diagnostic and prognostic markers, especially in the urine, remains an area of intense investigation. Different proteomic strategies have been applied so far to biomarker discovery in urine at the proteome or the peptidome level. Gel-based and gel-free strategies combined with mass spectrometry are the most-used strategies, have different success rates, and will be depicted here. We also prefigure a scenario in which the limitations of a single approach are overcome by applying new and complementary research strategies, relying on the excellent availability coupled to the intrinsic richness typical of urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Raimondo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
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Yabluchanskiy A, Ma Y, Iyer RP, Hall ME, Lindsey ML. Matrix metalloproteinase-9: Many shades of function in cardiovascular disease. Physiology (Bethesda) 2014; 28:391-403. [PMID: 24186934 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00029.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, one of the most widely investigated MMPs, regulates pathological remodeling processes that involve inflammation and fibrosis in cardiovascular disease. MMP-9 directly degrades extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and activates cytokines and chemokines to regulate tissue remodeling. MMP-9 deletion or inhibition has proven overall beneficial in multiple animal models of cardiovascular disease. As such, MMP-9 expression and activity is a common end point measured. MMP-9 cell-specific overexpression, however, has also proven beneficial and highlights the fact that little information is available on the underlying mechanisms of MMP-9 function. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of MMP-9 physiology, including structure, regulation, activation, and downstream effects of increased MMP-9. We discuss MMP-9 roles during inflammation and fibrosis in cardiovascular disease. By concentrating on the substrates of MMP-9 and their roles in cardiovascular disease, we explore the overall function and discuss future directions on the translational potential of MMP-9 based therapies.
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Chen G, Zhang Y, Wu X. 786-0 Renal cancer cell line-derived exosomes promote 786-0 cell migration and invasion in vitro.. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1576-1580. [PMID: 24765179 PMCID: PMC3997692 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that cancer-derived exosomes contribute to angiogenesis, tumor immunology and invasion. However, whether cancer cell-derived exosomes regulate the migration and invasion of the cancer cell itself, and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In the present study, exosomes derived from the 786-0 human renal cancer cell line were isolated, purified and 100 μg/ml were co-cultured with 786-0 cells for 24 h. The 786-0 cells were harvested for a cell invasion and migration assay. The expression of chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the 786-0 cells was examined by western blot analysis and revealed that the migration and invasion capabilities of the 786-0 cells were increased, however, the cell adhesion abilities were decreased as a result of the 24-h treatment with 786-0-derived exosomes. Furthermore, the expression levels of CXCR4 and MMP-9 in the 786-0 cells were increased. In conclusion, the 786-0 renal cancer cell line-derived exosomes increased migration and invasion, however, they decreased the adhesion ability of the 786-0 cells. The exosomes may have increased the CXCR4 and MMP-9 expression levels in the 786-0 cells. These findings indicated that renal tumor-derived exosomes may contribute to renal cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohou Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Diagnostic and prognostic significance of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in disseminated intravascular coagulation. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 430:145-9. [PMID: 24508993 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) exists as monomers, homodimers, and NGAL/matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) complexes. Circulating neutrophils are activated in ongoing disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); therefore, plasma NGAL levels are likely to be increased in DIC. We investigated the diagnostic performance of the plasma NGAL level in predicting acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with DIC and determined the prognostic value of NGAL. METHODS A total of 126 patients with suspected DIC were enrolled. The plasma free NGAL was analyzed with a point-of-care immunoassay. Plasma total NGAL and NGAL/MMP-9 complex levels were measured using commercial kits. RESULTS Median free and total NGAL levels were markedly higher in patients with AKI than those without AKI. However, no significant difference in the NGAL/MMP-9 complex level was found between the groups. In patients without AKI, the plasma free and total NGAL levels were significantly higher in those with overt-DIC than in those without overt-DIC. Of note, the free NGAL level showed a significant prognostic value in DIC. CONCLUSION Plasma free and total NGAL proved to be powerful markers for AKI in DIC patients and plasma free NGAL also has a prognostic relevance in DIC patients without AKI.
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