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Devitt L, Westphal D, Pieger K, Schneider N, Bosserhoff AK, Kuphal S. NRN1 interacts with Notch to increase oncogenic STAT3 signaling in melanoma. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:256. [PMID: 38705997 PMCID: PMC11071257 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01632-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is a highly heterogeneous cancer, in which frequent changes in activation of signaling pathways lead to a high adaptability to ever changing tumor microenvironments. The elucidation of cancer specific signaling pathways is of great importance, as demonstrated by the inhibitor of the common BrafV600E mutation PLX4032 in melanoma treatment. We therefore investigated signaling pathways that were influenced by neurotrophin NRN1, which has been shown to be upregulated in melanoma. METHODS Using a cell culture model system with an NRN1 overexpression, we investigated the influence of NRN1 on melanoma cells' functionality and signaling. We employed real time cell analysis and spheroid formation assays, while for investigation of molecular mechanisms we used a kinase phosphorylation kit as well as promotor activity analysis followed by mRNA and protein analysis. RESULTS We revealed that NRN1 interacts directly with the cleaved intracellular domain (NICD) of Notch1 and Notch3, causing a potential retention of NICD in the cytoplasm and thereby reducing the expression of its direct downstream target Hes1. This leads to decreased sequestration of JAK and STAT3 in a Hes1-driven phosphorylation complex. Consequently, our data shows less phosphorylation of STAT3 while presenting an accumulation of total protein levels of STAT3 in association with NRN1 overexpression. The potential of the STAT3 signaling pathway to act in both a tumor suppressive and oncogenic manner led us to investigate specific downstream targets - namely Vegf A, Mdr1, cMet - which were found to be upregulated under oncogenic levels of NRN1. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we were able to show that NRN1 links oncogenic signaling events between Notch and STAT3 in melanoma. We also suggest that in future research more attention should be payed to cellular regulation of signaling molecules outside of the classically known phosphorylation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Devitt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Dana Westphal
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, a partnership between German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Katharina Pieger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Nadja Schneider
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Anja Katrin Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Silke Kuphal
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, Erlangen, 91054, Germany.
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Papadogianni G, Ravens I, Hassan A, Flatley A, Feederle R, Bernhardt G, Georgiev H. Establishment and Functional Characterization of Murine Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing Neuritin. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:antib12020028. [PMID: 37092449 PMCID: PMC10123642 DOI: 10.3390/antib12020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuritin represents a neurotrophic factor that is not only important in neuronal development and plasticity but also impacts endothelial angiogenesis, cell migration, tumor growth and the production of antibodies by B cells. We established monoclonal mouse anti-mouse neuritin antibodies by immunizing knock-out mice with two different neuritin-derived peptides. Because neuritin is well conserved between species, these new monoclonal antibodies recognize the neuritin of a wide variety of species, including human. Moreover, they not only recognize specifically surface-bound neuritin expressed by murine follicular regulatory T cells but also the block binding of recombinant neuritin to germinal center B cells. This suggests that these newly generated tools will be of great use in studying neuritin expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inga Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ahmed Hassan
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrew Flatley
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Center Munich, Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Center Munich, Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Günter Bernhardt
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hristo Georgiev
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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3
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Du W, Gao A, Herman JG, Wang L, Zhang L, Jiao S, Guo M. Methylation of NRN1 is a novel synthetic lethal marker of PI3K-Akt-mTOR and ATR inhibitors in esophageal cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2870-2883. [PMID: 33931924 PMCID: PMC8253287 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt, PI3K-Akt-mTOR, and NF-κB pathways were reported to be involved in DNA damage repair (DDR). DDR-deficient cancers become critically dependent on backup DNA repair pathways. Neuritin 1 (NRN1) is reported to be involved in PI3K-Akt-mTOR, and its role in DDR remains unclear. Methylation-specific PCR, siRNA, flow cytometry, esophageal cancer cell lines, and xenograft mouse models were used to examine the role of NRN1 in esophageal cancer. The expression of NRN1 is frequently repressed by promoter region methylation in human esophageal cancer cells. NRN1 was methylated in 50.4% (510/1012) of primary esophageal cancer samples. NRN1 methylation is associated significantly with age (P < .001), tumor size (P < .01), TNM stage (P < .001), differentiation (P < .001) and alcohol consumption (P < .05). We found that NRN1 methylation is an independent prognostic factor for poor 5-y overall survival (P < .001). NRN1 inhibits colony formation, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induces apoptosis and G1/S arrest in esophageal cancer cells. NRN1 suppresses KYSE150 and KYSE30 cells xenografts growth in nude mice. PI3K signaling is reported to activate ATR signaling by targeting CHK1, the downstream component of ATR. By analyzing the synthetic efficiency of NVP-BEZ235 (PI3K inhibitor) and VE-822 (an ATR inhibitor), we found that the combination of NVP-BEZ235 and VE-822 increased cytotoxicity in NRN1 methylated esophageal cancer cells, as well as KYSE150 cell xenografts. In conclusion, NRN1 suppresses esophageal cancer growth both in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling. Methylation of NRN1 is a novel synthetic lethal marker for PI3K-Akt-mTOR and ATR inhibitors in human esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wushuang Du
- Department of OncologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Gastroenterology & HepatologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Aiai Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology & HepatologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - James G. Herman
- UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Lidong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer ResearchZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer ResearchZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Shunchang Jiao
- Department of OncologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering & AntibodyBeijingChina
| | - Mingzhou Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology & HepatologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer ResearchZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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4
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Lucas M, Lucas A. Neuritin, unmasked as a checkpoint for the pathogenesis of allergy and autoimmunity. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1290. [PMID: 34026116 PMCID: PMC8126984 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Lucas
- Medical School University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia.,Department of Immunology Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital and Pathwest Laboratory Medicine Perth WA Australia
| | - Andrew Lucas
- School of Human Sciences University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
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Wisnieski F, Santos LC, Calcagno DQ, Geraldis JC, Gigek CO, Anauate AC, Chen ES, Rasmussen LT, Payão SLM, Artigiani R, Demachki S, Assumpção PP, Lourenço LG, Arasaki CH, Pabinger S, Krainer J, Leal MF, Burbano RR, Arruda Cardoso Smith M. The impact of DNA demethylation on the upregulation of the NRN1 and TNFAIP3 genes associated with advanced gastric cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:707-717. [PMID: 32285140 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Very few therapeutic options are currently available in this neoplasia. The use of 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZAdC) was approved for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes, and this drug can treat solid tumours at low doses. Epigenetic manipulation of GC cell lines is a useful tool to better understand gene expression regulatory mechanisms for clinical applications. Therefore, we compared the gene expression profile of 5-AZAdC-treated and untreated GC cell lines by a microarray assay. Among the genes identified in this analysis, we selected NRN1 and TNFAIP3 to be evaluated for gene expression by RT-qPCR and DNA methylation by bisulfite DNA next-generation sequencing in 43 and 52 pairs of GC and adjacent non-neoplastic tissue samples, respectively. We identified 83 candidate genes modulated by DNA methylation in GC cell lines. Increased expression of NRN1 and TNFAIP3 was associated with advanced tumours (P < 0.05). We showed that increased NRN1 and TNFAIP3 expression seems to be regulated by DNA demethylation in GC samples: inverse correlations between the mRNA and DNA methylation levels in the promoter of NRN1 (P < 0.05) and the intron of TNFAIP3 (P < 0.05) were detected. Reduced NRN1 promoter methylation was associated with III/IV TNM stage tumours (P = 0.03) and the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection (P = 0.02). The identification of demethylated activated genes in GC may be useful in clinical practice, stratifying patients who are less likely to benefit from 5-AZAdC-based therapies. KEY MESSAGES: Higher expression of NRN1 and TNFAIP3 is associated with advanced gastric cancer (GC). NRN1 promoter hypomethylation contributes to gene upregulation in advanced GC. TNFAIP3 intronic-specific CpG site demethylation contributes to gene upregulation in GC. These findings may be useful to stratify GC patients who are less likely to benefit from DNA demethylating-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Wisnieski
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023900, Brazil. .,Disciplina de Gastroenterologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Loefgreen, 1726, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04040002, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Caires Santos
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023900, Brazil
| | - Danielle Queiroz Calcagno
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487, Belém, Pará, 66073-000, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Cruz Geraldis
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023900, Brazil
| | - Carolina Oliveira Gigek
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023900, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Anauate
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023900, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Suchi Chen
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023900, Brazil
| | - Lucas Trevizani Rasmussen
- Disciplina de Genética, Hemocentro da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Rua Lourival Freire, 240, Marília, São Paulo, 17519-050, Brazil
| | - Spencer Luiz Marques Payão
- Disciplina de Genética, Hemocentro da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Rua Lourival Freire, 240, Marília, São Paulo, 17519-050, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Artigiani
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023900, Brazil
| | - Samia Demachki
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487, Belém, Pará, 66073-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Pimentel Assumpção
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487, Belém, Pará, 66073-000, Brazil
| | - Laercio Gomes Lourenço
- Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Cirúrgica, Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Napoleão de Barros, 715, São Paulo, 04024002, Brazil
| | - Carlos Haruo Arasaki
- Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Cirúrgica, Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Napoleão de Barros, 715, São Paulo, 04024002, Brazil
| | - Stephan Pabinger
- Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health & Bioresources, Molecular Diagnostics, Giefinggasse 4, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julie Krainer
- Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health & Bioresources, Molecular Diagnostics, Giefinggasse 4, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariana Ferreira Leal
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023900, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487, Belém, Pará, 66073-000, Brazil
| | - Rommel Rodriguez Burbano
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487, Belém, Pará, 66073-000, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Ophir Loyola, Avenida Governador Magalhães, 992, Belém, 66063-240, Brazil
| | - Marilia Arruda Cardoso Smith
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023900, Brazil.
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Zhang Q, Zhang J, Zhang J, Aerxiding P, Quhai A, Chen C, Shan L. The Biological-Behavioral Effect Of Neuritin On Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Vascular Endothelial Cells Via VEGFR And Notch1. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:9747-9755. [PMID: 31819478 PMCID: PMC6876221 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s212771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to elucidate the biological behavior of Neuritin abnormal expression in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (VECs) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and explore its possible underlying mechanisms. Patients and methods Primary NSCLC-VECs were isolated from 10 cancer tissues from NSCLC patients, purified and identified by CD34 and Factor VIII staining. Real-time PCR and Western-blot were adopted for detecting the expression levels of Neuritin, Notch1, and VEGFR in NSCLC-VECs and HPMECs. Neuritin-overexpression, Neuritin-knockdown NSCLC-VECs and HPMECs were constructed by transfection of pcDNA3, 1-Neuritin vector, and pBS/U6-Neuritin siRNA. Changes in cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle, and apoptosis were determined by using the MTT assay, scratch assay, transwell migration assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Post-transfection changes in cell morphology were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Results The expression of Neuritin in NSCLC-VECs was significantly higher compared to that in HPMECs (p<0.01). Overexpression of Neuritin increased the expression of VEGFR while it reduced the expression of Notch1 (p<0.01); it also promoted cell proliferation, scratch healing, and in vitro migration (p<0.05) in HPMECs and NSCLC-VECs cells. Additionally, overexpression of Neuritin stimulated cell cycle progression and inhibited apoptosis in HPMECs and NSCLC-VECs (p<0.001). Under electron microscope, the pseudopodium of cell surface was obvious, indicating that the intercellular adhesion was upregulated. However, knockdown of Neuritin in HPMECs and NSCLC-VECs played exactly the opposite roles. Conclusion Neuritin was key in the progression of NSCLC through its biological activities, including anti-apoptosis, promoting VEC proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression. Neuritin may affect its biological activity by positively regulating VEGFR expression and negatively regulating Notch1 signaling. Neuritin may serve as a potential biomarker for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Department of Thoraciconcology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First People's Hospital of Kashgar, Xinjiang 844000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Health Corps of the People's Liberation Army 69260 Troops, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830002, People's Republic of China
| | - Patiguli Aerxiding
- Department of Thoraciconcology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Amina Quhai
- Department of Thoraciconcology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuncun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chest Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830049, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shan
- Department of Thoraciconcology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, People's Republic of China
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Deletion of the Type IV Secretion System Effector VceA Promotes Autophagy and Inhibits Apoptosis in Brucella-Infected Human Trophoblast Cells. Curr Microbiol 2019; 76:510-519. [PMID: 30805699 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is the most common zoonotic disease that caused by intracellular parasitic bacteria Brucella. The survival and replication of Brucella in the host depend on the type IV secretion system (T4SS). The T4SS system of Brucella has many components and secreted proteins. But the mechanism helped Brucella to evade the host defense is still not clear. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of VceA on autophagy and apoptosis in Brucella-infected embryonic trophoblast cells. We constructed the VceA mutant strain (2308ΔVceA) and complementary strain (2308ΔVceA-C) of Brucella abortus 2308 (S2308). The human trophoblast cells (HPT-8 cells) and mice were infected by S2308, 2308ΔVceA and 2308ΔVceA-C. The cell autophagy and apoptosis were detected. The Atg5, LC3-II and Bcl-2 mRNA expression were significantly increased in 2308ΔVceA group than the S2308 group, and mRNA expression of P62 and Caspase-3 were significantly decreased than the S2308 group. Western blotting, qPCR and flow cytometry analysis showed that 2308ΔVceA promoted autophagy and inhibited apoptosis. Mouse immunohistochemistry experiments showed that P62 protein was scattered coloring and Cytochrome C protein was scarcely in 2308ΔVceA group at the myometrium. These results indicated that 2308ΔVceA promoted autophagy and inhibited apoptosis in HPT-8 cells during Brucella infection.
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Yao JJ, Zhao QR, Lu JM, Mei YA. Functions and the related signaling pathways of the neurotrophic factor neuritin. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1414-1420. [PMID: 29595190 PMCID: PMC6289377 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuritin is a member of the neurotrophic factor family, which is activated by neural activity and neurotrophins, and promotes neurite growth and branching. It has shown to play an important role in neuronal plasticity and regeneration. It is also involved in other biological processes such as angiogenesis, tumorigenesis and immunomodulation. Thus far, however, the primary mechanisms of neuritin, including whether or not it acts through a receptor or which downstream signals might be activated following binding, are not fully understood. Recent evidence suggests that neuritin may be a potential therapeutic target in several neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on the recent advances in studies regarding the newly identified functions of neuritin and the signaling pathways related to these functions. We also discuss current hot topics and difficulties in neuritin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jing Yao
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qian-Ru Zhao
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jun-Mei Lu
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan-Ai Mei
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Dong H, Luo X, Niu Y, Yu N, Gao R, Wang H, Yang L, Huang J. Neuritin 1 expression in human normal tissues and its association with various human cancers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:1956-1964. [PMID: 31938301 PMCID: PMC6958223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) Neuritin (Nrn1) is a glycophosphatidylinositol-linked protein that can be induced by neural activity in the central nervous system. However, its expression outside the nervous system and association with human cancers is unclear. This study investigated the expression of Nrn1 in human tissues as well as its association with human cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nrn1 gene expression in human adult tissues was evaluated with the Clontech Multiple Tissue cDNA panel. Nrn1 protein in various tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. Signal v.4.0 and TMHMM v.2.0 software were used to identify the signal peptide and transmembrane helix of Nrn1. The subcellular localization of Nrn1 in cultured SH-SY5Y cells was assessed by immunocytochemistry and western blotting. The expression of Nrn1 in human cancers were assessed using the online tools GEPIA. RESULTS Nrn1 mRNA was expressed in various tissues, compared to mRNA levels in the brain tissues, expression was high in the placenta, lungs, skeletal muscle, thymus, pancreas, liver and the heart tissues; lower levels were detected in the small intestine, ovary, spleen, and testes, but there was no detectable expression in the kidneys, colon, prostate or leukocytes. In SY5Y cells, Nrn1 was colocalized with caveolin 1 at the plasma membrane. Nrn1 was downregulated in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (BLCA); Breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA); Cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC); Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD); Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM); Kidney Chromophobe (KIHC); Kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP); Lower Grade GLioma (LGG); Rectum adenocarcinoma (READ); Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma (UCEC); Lung adenocarcinoma (LUA), Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV) and upregulated in Lymphoid Neoplasm Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBC). A combination of the overall survival analysis of the 12 kinds of human tumors with Nrn1 downregulation revealed that patients with high levels of Nrn1 present a long term survival. But there is no significant effect on DLBC patients' survival. CONCLUSION Nrn1 is expressed in various human tissues including the nervous system, specifically in the lipid rafts of cell membranes. We also provided the strong evidence that Nrn1 is associated with 13 kinds of human cancers and could function as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchang Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xing Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuqin Niu
- Medical Center of The Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China
- Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Li Z, Liu J, Shao X, Wu C, Wang Y, Wang K, Li T, Liu L, Chen C, Zhang H. Outer Membrane Protein 25 of Brucella Activates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Pathway in Human Trophoblast Cells. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:197. [PMID: 29326948 PMCID: PMC5733350 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane protein 25 (OMP25), a virulence factor from Brucella, plays an important role in maintaining the structural stability of Brucella. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway widely exists in eukaryotic cells. In this study, human trophoblast cell line HPT-8 and BALB/c mice were infected with Brucella abortus 2308 strain (S2308) and 2308ΔOmp25 mutant strain. The expression of cytokines and activation of MAPK signal pathway were detected. We found that the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1, and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were increased in HPT-8 cells infected with S2308 and 2308ΔOmp25 mutant. S2308 also activated p38 phosphorylation protein, extracellular-regulated protein kinases (ERK), and Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) from MAPK signal pathway. 2308ΔOmp25 could not activate p38, ERK, and JNK branches. Immunohistochemistry experiments showed that S2308 was able to activate phosphorylation of p38 and ERK in BABL/c mice. However, 2308ΔOmp25 could weakly activate phosphorylation of p38 and ERK. These results suggest that Omp25 played an important role in the process of Brucella activation of the MAPK signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- School of Biotechnology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xuehua Shao
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Tree Biology and Genetic Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Kaisheng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Tiansen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Laizhen Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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