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Xiong J, Yang L, Deng YQ, Yan SY, Gu JM, Li BH, Zi H, Ming DJ, Zeng XT, Wang YB. The causal association between smoking, alcohol consumption and risk of bladder cancer: A univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:2136-2143. [PMID: 35904850 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Smoking and alcohol consumption are associated with bladder cancer risk in observational studies. We conducted a two-sample univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to determine whether those associations are causal. We used 21, 126, 360, 39 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables for number of cigarettes per day, lifetime smoking index, smoking initiation, and drinks per week, respectively. A total of 1115 cases with bladder cancer and 174 006 noncases from FinnGen consortium and 2883 cases with bladder cancer and 417 955 noncases from UK Biobank study were obtained. Genetic predisposition to cigarettes per day, lifetime smoking index and smoking initiation were positively associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in both the FinnGen and UK Biobank consortium. The summary odds ratio (OR) of bladder cancer was 1.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31-2.45; P = .0002), 2.38 (95% CI, 1.45-3.88; P = .0005) and 1.91 (95% CI, 1.46-2.50; P = 1.59 × 10-06 ) for one SD increase in the number of cigarettes per day, lifetime smoking index and smoking initiation, respectively. The genetically instrumented number of drinks per week was not associated with bladder cancer (OR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.44-1.10; P = .1237). Estimates were consistent in multivariable MR analyses by the adjustments of body mass index and education. Our study suggests a causal potential of the association of smoking but not alcohol consumption with bladder cancer according to current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiong
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Division of Medical Affairs, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Qing Deng
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Yu Yan
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Min Gu
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing-Hui Li
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Zi
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao-Jing Ming
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xian-Tao Zeng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Bo Wang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Liang Z, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Zhang X, Wang Y. Hesperidin inhibits tobacco smoke-induced pulmonary cell proliferation and EMT in mouse lung tissues via the p38 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2022; 25:30. [PMID: 36589667 PMCID: PMC9773313 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke (TS) is the major cause of lung cancer. The abnormal proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lung cells promote occurrence and development of lung cancer. The p38 pathway intervenes in this cancer development. Hesperidin also serves a role in human health and disease prevention. The roles of p38 in TS-mediated abnormal cell proliferation and EMT, and the hesperidin intervention thereof are not yet understood. In the present study, it was demonstrated that TS upregulated proliferating cell nuclear antigen, vimentin and N-cadherin expression, whereas it downregulated E-cadherin expression, as assessed using western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Furthermore, it was observed that inhibition of the p38 pathway inhibit TS-induced proliferation and EMT. Hesperidin treatment prevented the TS-induced activation of the p38 pathway, EMT and cell proliferation in mouse lungs. The findings of the present study may provide insights into the pathogenesis of TS-related lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Zhaofeng Liang, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yumeng Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215002, P.R. China,Dr Yanan Wang, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, 16 Baita West Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215002, P.R. China, E-mail:
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3
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Bellamri M, Walmsley SJ, Brown C, Brandt K, Konorev D, Day A, Wu CF, Wu MT, Turesky RJ. DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress of Tobacco Smoke Condensate in Human Bladder Epithelial Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1863-1880. [PMID: 35877975 PMCID: PMC9665352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is a major risk factor for bladder cancer (BC), with up to 50% of BC cases being attributed to smoking. There are 70 known carcinogens in tobacco smoke; however, the principal chemicals responsible for BC remain uncertain. The aromatic amines 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) and 2-naphthylamine (2-NA) are implicated in BC pathogenesis of smokers on the basis of the elevated BC risk in factory workers exposed to these chemicals. However, 4-ABP and 2-NA only occur at several nanograms per cigarette and may be insufficient to induce BC. In contrast, other genotoxicants, including acrolein, occur at 1000-fold or higher levels in tobacco smoke. There is limited data on the toxicological effects of tobacco smoke in human bladder cells. We have assessed the cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and DNA damage of tobacco smoke condensate (TSC) in human RT4 bladder cells. TSC was fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction into an acid-neutral fraction (NF), containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitro-PAHs, phenols, and aldehydes, and a basic fraction (BF) containing aromatic amines, heterocyclic aromatic amines, and N-nitroso compounds. The TSC and NF induced a time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity associated with oxidative stress, lipid peroxide formation, glutathione (GSH) depletion, and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site formation, while the BF showed weak effects. LC/MS-based metabolomic approaches showed that TSC and NF altered GSH biosynthesis pathways and induced more than 40 GSH conjugates. GSH conjugates of several hydroquinones were among the most abundant conjugates. RT4 cell treatment with synthetic hydroquinones and cresol mixtures at levels present in tobacco smoke accounted for most of the TSC-induced cytotoxicity and the AP sites formed. GSH conjugates of acrolein, methyl vinyl ketone, and crotonaldehyde levels also increased owing to TSC-induced oxidative stress. Thus, TSC is a potent toxicant and DNA-damaging agent, inducing deleterious effects in human bladder cells at concentrations of <1% of a cigarette in cell culture media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madjda Bellamri
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
| | - Scott J. Walmsley
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
| | - Christina Brown
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
| | - Kyle Brandt
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
| | - Dmitri Konorev
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
| | - Abderrahman Day
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
| | - Chia-Fang Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, CS Building, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming Tsang Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, CS Building, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Robert J. Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, MN 55455
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Zhao X, Wang Y, Liang C. Cigarette smoking and risk of bladder cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis. Int Urol Nephrol 2022; 54:1169-1185. [PMID: 35332429 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03173-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The disease burden of bladder cancer is increasing worldwide; therefore, to deal with this situation, many studies on bladder cancer have been carried out extensively. Among these studies, the risk factors studies may provide a possible way to reduce the incidence of bladder cancer. Meta-analyses and original researches have confirmed that smoking is a risk factor of bladder cancer. However, the specific dose-response relationship between smoking and bladder cancer risk was still unclear. This meta-analysis addresses this research gap by summarizing the accumulated evidences, quantitatively. METHODS Relevant studies were obtained by searching PubMed, Embase and Web of Science database since inception until August 10, 2021, without restrictions. To obtain more comprehensive data, reference lists of identified articles were also browsed. Studies that reported risk estimates (relative risks (RR) or odds ratio (OR)) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) focusing on the association between cigarette smoking and risk of bladder cancer were included in a dose-response meta-analysis. RESULTS A non-linear dose-response relationship was confirmed between cigarette smoking and risk of bladder cancer on the basis of 8 cohorts and 44 case-control studies. The summary relative risk of developing bladder cancer for 1 more cigarettes/day (7 cohorts and 24 case-control studies) was 1.039 (95% CI 1.038-1.040, I2 = 0%), for 1 more pack-year (3 cohorts and 21 case-control studies) was 1.017(95% CI 1.016-1.019, I2 = 0%) and for 1 more year of exposure (16 case-control studies) was 1.021 (95% CI 1.020-1.023, I2 = 0%). CONCLUSION A positive non-linear dose-response relationship is confirmed between all smoking intensity, pack-years of smoking, smoking duration(years) and the risk of bladder cancer, but the plateau only occurred when smoking intensity reached 20 cigarettes/day. Further studies should report more detailed results, including those for subtypes of gender, age, region and be stratified by other risk factors to rule out residual confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanli Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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5
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Geng H, Guo W, Feng L, Xie D, Bi L, Wang Y, Zhang T, Liang Z, Yu D. Diallyl trisulfide inhibited tobacco smoke-mediated bladder EMT and cancer stem cell marker expression via the NF-κB pathway in vivo. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060521992900. [PMID: 33730908 PMCID: PMC8166398 DOI: 10.1177/0300060521992900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the effect of the NF-κB pathway on tobacco smoke-elicited bladder epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC) marker expression in vivo. The effect of diallyl trisulfide (DATS) treatment was also examined. METHODS BALB/c mice were exposed to tobacco smoke and treated with an NF-κB inhibitor and DATS. Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the changes of relevant indices. RESULTS Phosphorylated inhibitor of kappa-B kinase alpha/beta expression and p65 and p50 nuclear transcription were increased by tobacco smoke exposure, whereas inhibitor of kappa-B expression was decreased. In addition, tobacco smoke reduced the expression of epithelial markers but increased that of mesenchymal and CSC markers. Our study further demonstrated that tobacco smoke-mediated EMT and CSC marker expression were attenuated by inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, DATS reversed tobacco smoke-induced NF-κB pathway activation, EMT, and the acquisition of CSC properties in bladder tissues. CONCLUSIONS These data suggested that the NF-κB pathway regulated tobacco smoke-induced bladder EMT, CSC marker expression, and the protective effects of DATS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Geng
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenhao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongdong Xie
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liangkuan Bi
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaofeng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dexin Yu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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6
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Peng Y, Chen Y, Chen S, Wang J, Jiang C, Hou W, Xu C. JUND-dependent up-regulation of HMOX1 is associated with cisplatin resistance in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. J Biochem 2021; 168:73-82. [PMID: 32240302 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The standard-of-care for metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is platinum-based chemotherapy regimens. Acquired resistance that occurs frequently through unidentified mechanisms, however, remains the major obstacle for implementing therapeutic effectiveness. Here, using data mining and analysis on clinical samples, we show that expression of JUND, a core component of activator protein-1 family, was significantly induced in cisplatin (CDDP)-resistant MIBC. Accumulation of nuclear JUND was associated with low post-chemotherapy survival in MIBC patients. In both genetically engineered cell models and murine xenograft models, we provided evidence that bladder cancer (BC) cells with excessive JUND expression were less responsive to CDDP treatment. This CDDP resistance was further demonstrated to be mediated, at least in part, by transactivation of HMOX1 [the gene encoding heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)], one of the most important antioxidant signalling pathways of cell adaptation to stress. One mutation within the HMOX1 promoter successfully abolished oxidative stress-enhanced and JUND-driven HMOX1 promoter activation, suggesting that this unique site synergized for maximal HO-1 induction in CDDP-challenged BC cells. Overall, our data highlight an indispensible role of JUND, both as a target as a modifier of the oxidative stress signalling, in conferring an adaptive response during the pathogenesis of CDDP resistance in MIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, No. 30 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yongjie Chen
- Department of Urology, 73rd Group Army Hospital, PLA Army, No. 94 Wenyuan Road, Xia'men 361000, China
| | - Shiwei Chen
- Department of Urology, 73rd Group Army Hospital, PLA Army, No. 94 Wenyuan Road, Xia'men 361000, China
| | - Jiaolian Wang
- Department of Urology, 73rd Group Army Hospital, PLA Army, No. 94 Wenyuan Road, Xia'men 361000, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Department of Urology, 73rd Group Army Hospital, PLA Army, No. 94 Wenyuan Road, Xia'men 361000, China
| | - Wugang Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Urology, 73rd Group Army Hospital, PLA Army, No. 94 Wenyuan Road, Xia'men 361000, China
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Zhang T, Sun H, Liu R, Cao W, Zhang T, Li E, Sun X, Wu W, Yu D, Zhong C. Nanog mediates tobacco smoke-induced enhancement of renal cancer stem cell properties. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:1274-1283. [PMID: 32649042 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanog plays an important role in the regulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) which participate in tumorgenesis and progression. In renal cancer, tobacco smoke (TS) is considered a major risk factor. However, the molecular mechanism by which TS induces the development of renal CSC properties remains largely unknown. In this study, we showed that the level of Nanog was elevated in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients with a smoking history, and that Nanog overexpression promoted the traits of CSCs in renal cancer. We further demonstrated that a 8-week exposure of TS enhanced the formation of renal tumorspheres, increased the population of CD133-positive cells, and stimulated the expression of Nanog and CSC markers. In addition, TS was found to play a role in accelerating the cell growth transition from G1 to S phase in renal CSCs. Finally, we demonstrated that the TS-induced effects in renal CSCs could be reversed through the downregulation of Nanog. Our results suggested that Nanog plays a role in mediating TS-induced renal CSC properties. This study may provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of TS-related renal tumorigenesis, which can contribute to the future development of therapeutics for renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongliang Sun
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wanshuang Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Enlai Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xianchao Sun
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wangyu Wu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dexin Yu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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8
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Aguayo F, Muñoz JP, Perez-Dominguez F, Carrillo-Beltrán D, Oliva C, Calaf GM, Blanco R, Nuñez-Acurio D. High-Risk Human Papillomavirus and Tobacco Smoke Interactions in Epithelial Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2201. [PMID: 32781676 PMCID: PMC7465661 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical, anogenital, and some head and neck cancers (HNC) are etiologically associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection, even though additional cofactors are necessary. Epidemiological studies have established that tobacco smoke (TS) is a cofactor for cervical carcinogenesis because women who smoke are more susceptible to cervical cancer when compared to non-smokers. Even though such a relationship has not been established in HPV-related HNC, a group of HPV positive patients with this malignancy are smokers. TS is a complex mixture of more than 4500 chemical compounds and approximately 60 of them show oncogenic properties such as benzo[α]pyrene (BaP) and nitrosamines, among others. Some of these compounds have been evaluated for carcinogenesis through experimental settings in collaboration with HR-HPV. Here, we conducted a comprehensive review of the suggested molecular mechanisms involved in cooperation with both HR-HPV and TS for epithelial carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we propose interaction models in which TS collaborates with HR-HPV to promote epithelial cancer initiation, promotion, and progression. More studies are warranted to clarify interactions between oncogenic viruses and chemical or physical environmental factors for epithelial carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Aguayo
- Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Juan P. Muñoz
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (J.P.M.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Francisco Perez-Dominguez
- Laboratorio Oncovirología, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (F.P.-D.); (D.C.-B.); (C.O.); (R.B.); (D.N.-A.)
| | - Diego Carrillo-Beltrán
- Laboratorio Oncovirología, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (F.P.-D.); (D.C.-B.); (C.O.); (R.B.); (D.N.-A.)
| | - Carolina Oliva
- Laboratorio Oncovirología, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (F.P.-D.); (D.C.-B.); (C.O.); (R.B.); (D.N.-A.)
| | - Gloria M. Calaf
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (J.P.M.); (G.M.C.)
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rances Blanco
- Laboratorio Oncovirología, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (F.P.-D.); (D.C.-B.); (C.O.); (R.B.); (D.N.-A.)
| | - Daniela Nuñez-Acurio
- Laboratorio Oncovirología, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (F.P.-D.); (D.C.-B.); (C.O.); (R.B.); (D.N.-A.)
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9
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Walter CEJ, Durairajan S, Periyandavan K, C GPD, G DJD, A HRV, Johnson T, Zayed H. Bladder neoplasms and NF-κB: an unfathomed association. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:497-508. [PMID: 32228251 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1743688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Bladder cancer is the second most common genitourinary tract cancer and is often recurrent and/or chemoresistant after tumor resection. Cigarette smoking, exposure to aromatic amines, and chronic infection/inflammation are bladder cancer risk factors. NF-κB is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in normal physiology and bladder cancer. Bladder cancer patients have constitutively active NF-κB triggered by pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and hypoxia, augmenting carcinogenesis and progression.Areas covered: NF-κB orchestrates protein interactions (PTEN, survivin, VEGF), regulation (CYLD, USP13) and gene expression (Trp 53) resulting in bladder cancer progression, recurrence and resistance to therapy. This review focuses on NF-κB in bladder inflammation, cancer and resistance to therapy.Expert opinion: NF-κB and bladder cancer necessitate further research to develop better diagnostic and treatment regimens that address progression, recurrence and resistance to therapy. NF-κB is a master regulator that can act with or on minimally one cancer hallmark gene or protein, leading to bladder cancer progression (Tp53, PTEN, VEGF, HMGB1, CYLD, USP13), recurrence (PCNA, BcL-2, JUN) and resistance to therapy (P-gp, twist, SETD6). Thus, an understanding of bladder cancer in relation to NF-κB will offer improved strategies and efficacious targeted therapies resulting in minimal progression, recurrence and resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Emmanuel Jebaraj Walter
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Sankari Durairajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Kalaiselvi Periyandavan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - George Priya Doss C
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Dicky John Davis G
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Hannah Rachel Vasanthi A
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Thanka Johnson
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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10
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Reddy AT, Lakshmi SP, Banno A, Jadhav SK, Pulikkal Kadamberi I, Kim SC, Reddy RC. Cigarette smoke downregulates Nur77 to exacerbate inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229256. [PMID: 32084204 PMCID: PMC7034866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) contains multiple gaseous and particulate materials that can cause lung inflammation, and smoking is the major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We sought to determine the mechanisms of how CS triggers lung inflammation. Nur77, a nuclear hormone receptor belonging to the immediate-early response gene family, controls inflammatory responses, mainly by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. Because it is unknown if Nur77's anti-inflammatory role modulates COPD, we assessed if and how Nur77 expression and activity are altered in CS-induced airway inflammation. In lung tissues and bronchial epithelial cells from COPD patients, we found Nur77 was downregulated. In a murine model of CS-induced airway inflammation, CS promoted lung inflammation and also reduced Nur77 activity in wild type (WT) mice, whereas lungs of Nur77-deficient mice showed exaggerated CS-induced inflammatory responses. Our findings in in vitro studies of human airway epithelial cells complemented those in vivo data in mice, together showing that CS induced threonine-phosphorylation of Nur77, which is known to interfere with its anti-inflammatory functions. In summary, our findings point to Nur77 as an important regulator of CS-induced inflammatory responses and support the potential benefits of Nur77 activation for COPD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind T. Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sowmya P. Lakshmi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Asoka Banno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shantanu Krishna Jadhav
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ishaque Pulikkal Kadamberi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Seong C. Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Raju C. Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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11
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Sun H, Zhang Z, Zhang T, Geng H, Xie D, Wang Y, Ding D, Zhang T, Yu D. Resveratrol Reverses Cigarette Smoke-Induced Urocystic Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Suppression of STAT3 Phosphorylation in SV-HUC-1-Immortalized Human Urothelial Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10227-10237. [PMID: 32063715 PMCID: PMC6884977 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s226580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bladder cancer is a malignant tumor of the urinary tract, and cigarette smoke (CS) is closely related to tumorigenesis. Resveratrol, a plant-derived bioactive nutrient, possesses multiple anticancer effects. However, the mechanism of CS-induced tumorigenesis is still not clear. The role of resveratrol in CS-meditated bladder cancer development has not been reported. Methods MTT assay showed the toxicity of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the cell viability of SV-HUC-1 cells. Western blotting detected the expression levels of related proteins. Transwell migration or invasion assay evaluated the capacity of cell migration or invasion after treatment. Wound-healing assay revealed the effect of cell migratory capacity. The cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. Results Our study demonstrated that CSE-triggered epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in SV-HUC-1-immortalized human urothelial cells via the STAT3/TWIST1 pathway. Furthermore, the results showed resveratrol effectively inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation, thus reversed EMT triggered by CSE. Meanwhile, the cell proliferation was also suppressed. Conclusion In conclusion, inhibition of the STAT3 in CSE-induced EMT on bladder cancer may be a promising cancer treatment target for suppression by resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Sun
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Taotao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Geng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Xie
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Demao Ding
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexin Yu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
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12
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Yukimatsu N, Gi M, Okuno T, Fujioka M, Suzuki S, Kakehashi A, Yanagiba Y, Suda M, Koda S, Nakatani T, Wanibuchi H. Promotion effects of acetoaceto-o-toluidide on N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine-induced bladder carcinogenesis in rats. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:3617-3631. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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13
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Lee US, Kim EH. Combined effect of alpha particles and cigarette smoke on human lung epithelial cells in vitro. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1276-1286. [PMID: 31145654 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1625491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The combined toxicity of alpha particles and cigarette smoke to the critical cells in the lungs was investigated to assess the risk of smoking workers who handle naturally occurring radioactive materials. Materials and methods: The toxicity of alpha particles and cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was evaluated in terms of DNA double-strand break (DSB) induction and clonogenic cell death of human lung epithelial cells in vitro. The cells were exposed to alpha particles at doses of up to 0.25 Gy for gamma-H2AX assay and from 1.25 Gy to 5 Gy for clonogenic assay. CSE exposure of the cells was facilitated in the culture medium at CSE concentrations ranging from 1% to 12%. Additional experiments were performed using mouse endothelial cells for comparison. Results: The increases in the levels of DNA DSBs were linearly dependent on radiation dose and CSE concentration. The CSE-treated cells also responded with a linearly increasing number of DNA DSBs to the radiation dose. Both human lung epithelial cells and mouse endothelial cells showed exponential decreases in clonogenic surviving fraction as the dose from alpha particle exposure increased. Both cells responded with the clonogenic surviving fractions decreasing in a linear proportion to the CSE concentration in the culture medium. Conclusion: In our experimental in vitro setup, CSE treatment and alpha particle exposure affected the cells in an additive manner either for DNA DSB production or for clonogenic cell death induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ui-Seob Lee
- Radiation Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Radiation Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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14
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Muñoz JP, Carrillo-Beltrán D, Aedo-Aguilera V, Calaf GM, León O, Maldonado E, Tapia JC, Boccardo E, Ozbun MA, Aguayo F. Tobacco Exposure Enhances Human Papillomavirus 16 Oncogene Expression via EGFR/PI3K/Akt/c-Jun Signaling Pathway in Cervical Cancer Cells. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3022. [PMID: 30619121 PMCID: PMC6304352 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is not a sufficient condition for cervical cancer development because most infections are benign and naturally cleared. Epidemiological studies revealed that tobacco smoking is a cofactor with HR-HPV for cervical cancer initiation and progression, even though the mechanism by which tobacco smoke cooperates with HR-HPV in this malignancy is poorly understood. As HR-HPV E6/E7 oncoproteins overexpressed in cervical carcinomas colocalize with cigarette smoke components (CSC), in this study we addressed the signaling pathways involved in a potential interaction between both carcinogenic agents. Cervical cancer-derived cell lines, CaSki (HPV16; 500 copies per cell) and SiHa (HPV16; 2 copies per cell), were acutely exposed to CSC at various non-toxic concentrations and we found that E6 and E7 levels were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. Using a reporter construct containing the luciferase gene under the control of the full HPV16 long control region (LCR), we also found that p97 promoter activity is dependent on CSC. Non-synonymous mutations in the LCR-resident TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate)-response elements (TRE) had significantly decreased p97 promoter activation. Phosphoproteomic arrays and specific inhibitors revealed that CSC-mediated E6/E7 overexpression is at least in part reliant on EGFR phosphorylation. In addition, we showed that the PI3K/Akt pathway is crucial for CSC-induced E6/E7 overexpression. Finally, we demonstrated that HPV16 E6/E7 overexpression is mediated by JUN. overexpression, c-Jun phosphorylation and recruitment of this transcription factor to TRE sites in the HPV16 LCR. We conclude that acute exposure to tobacco smoke activates the transcription of HPV16 E6 and E7 oncogenes through p97 promoter activation, which involves the EGFR/PI3K/Akt/C-Jun signaling pathway activation in cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Muñoz
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Carrillo-Beltrán
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Aedo-Aguilera
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gloria M Calaf
- Center for Advanced Research, Tarapaca University, Arica, Chile.,Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Oscar León
- Virology Program, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Edio Maldonado
- Programa Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julio C Tapia
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle A Ozbun
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Francisco Aguayo
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Advanced Research, Tarapaca University, Arica, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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15
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Yan H, Ying Y, Xie H, Li J, Wang X, He L, Jin K, Tang J, Xu X, Zheng X. Secondhand smoking increases bladder cancer risk in nonsmoking population: a meta-analysis. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:3781-3791. [PMID: 30288109 PMCID: PMC6159806 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s175062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco smoking has been widely acknowledged to be the most important risk factor for bladder cancer. However, whether secondhand smoking (SHS) increases the risk of bladder cancer still remains uncertain. We conducted a meta-analysis about the risk of bladder cancer and lifetime SHS and childhood SHS. Materials and methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) up to March 12, 2018, and checked references of the retrieved articles and relevant reviews to include 14 studies. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess this risk. Results The pooled RR of 14 eligible studies based on the retrieved articles and relevant reviews illustrated a significantly increased risk of bladder cancer with RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.06–1.4. No heterogeneity or publication bias was found. But we need more evidence to prove a more reliable association between childhood SHS and bladder cancer. Conclusion There was a statistically significant 22% increased risk of bladder cancer for lifetime SHS exposure in nonsmoking patients compared with unexposed nonsmoking population. But the association between childhood SHS exposure compared with unexposed nonsmoking population was unclear. Further research should be conducted to confirm our findings and reveal the potential biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Yan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China,
| | - Yufan Ying
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China,
| | - Haiyun Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China,
| | - Jiangfeng Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China,
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China,
| | - Liujia He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China,
| | - Ke Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China,
| | - Jianer Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China,
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China,
| | - Xiangyi Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China,
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16
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Suzuki S, Cohen SM, Arnold LL, Kato H, Fuji S, Pennington KL, Nagayasu Y, Naiki-Ito A, Yamashita Y, Takahashi S. Orally administered nicotine effects on rat urinary bladder proliferation and carcinogenesis. Toxicology 2018; 398-399:31-40. [PMID: 29501575 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for human cancers including urinary bladder carcinoma. Cigarette smoke inhalation in mice and orally administered nicotine in rats and mice increased urothelial cell proliferation. Nicotine, a major component of smoke, induced cell proliferation in multiple cell types in vitro. In the present study, the enhancing effects of nicotine on F344 rat bladder carcinogenesis induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) were examined. Nicotine administered in drinking water for 32 weeks following 4 weeks of BBN treatment significantly increased the incidence and number of urothelial carcinomas dose-dependently. Ki67 and pSTAT3 labeling indices and expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 7 (nAChRα7) in non-tumor bladder urothelial lesions were significantly increased by nicotine, but the TUNEL assay for apoptosis showed no increase. In a 4 week study, inhibitors of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor decreased nicotine-induced urothelial simple hyperplasia and Ki67 labeling index in the bladder and kidney pelvis at a single cytotoxic dose of nicotine (40 ppm). Urothelial cytotoxicity with regenerative proliferation was observed by light and scanning electron microscopy. In vitro, nicotine was not cytotoxic to rat or human immortalized urothelial cells (do not express nicotine receptors) below millimolar concentrations, nor in human RT4, T24 or UMUC3 urothelial carcinoma cells (express nicotine receptors). However, nicotine slightly, but statistically significantly, increased cell proliferation at micromolar concentrations in human urothelial carcinoma cells. These data suggest that nicotine enhances urinary bladder carcinogenesis by inducing cytotoxicity with regenerative proliferation. The possible role of direct mitogenesis, involving nAChR and STAT3 signaling and of nicotine receptors requires further investigation at non-cytotoxic doses of nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Suzuki
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan; Pathology Division, Nagoya City East Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8547, Japan.
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA; Havlik-Wall Professor of Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA
| | - Lora L Arnold
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fuji
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Karen L Pennington
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA
| | - Yuko Nagayasu
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yoriko Yamashita
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
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17
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Chang YW, Singh KP. Duration-dependent effects of nicotine exposure on growth and AKT activation in human kidney epithelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 448:51-60. [PMID: 29396723 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to nicotine is known to cause adverse effects in many target organs including kidney. Epidemiological studies suggest that nicotine-induced kidney diseases are prevalent worldwide. However, the impact of duration of exposure on the nicotine-induced adverse effects in normal kidney cells and the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate both acute and long-term effects of nicotine in normal human kidney epithelial cells (HK-2). Cells were treated with 1 and 10 µM nicotine for acute and long-term duration. The result of cell viability showed that the acute exposure to 1 µM nicotine has no significant effect on growth. However, the 10 µM nicotine caused significant decrease in the growth of HK-2 cells. The long-term exposure resulted in significantly increased cell growth in both 1 and 10 µM nicotine-treated groups. Analysis of cell cycle and expression of marker genes related to proliferation and apoptosis further confirmed the effects of nicotine. Additionally, the analysis of growth signaling pathway revealed the decreased level of pAKT in cells with acute exposure whereas the increased level of pAKT in long-term nicotine-exposed cells. This suggests that nicotine, through modulating the AKT pathway, controls the duration-dependent effects on the growth of HK-2 cells. In summary, this is the first report showing long-duration exposure to nicotine causes increased proliferation of human kidney epithelial cells through activation of AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Chang
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Kamaleshwar P Singh
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
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18
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Wang Y, Geng H, Zhao L, Zhang Z, Xie D, Zhang T, Min J, Yu D, Zhong C. Role of AP-1 in the tobacco smoke-induced urocystic abnormal cell differentiation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vivo. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:8243-8252. [PMID: 31966675 PMCID: PMC6965368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is believed to arise after a series of progressive pathological changes. Cell differentiation exists in almost all cells, when become aberrant, can initiate or promote diseases processes and tumorigenesis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial pathophysiological process in cancer initiation and development. Tobacco smoke is an important risk factor of bladder cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of tobacco smoke-triggered abnormal cell differentiation and EMT in bladder tissues have not been well defined. The current study was designed to investigate the regulatory role of AP-1 in tobacco smoke-triggered urocystic abnormal cell differentiation and EMT in vivo. Exposure of male BALB/c mice to tobacco smoke for 12 weeks altered the expression of cell differentiation and EMT markers in bladder tissues. Importantly, we demonstrated that AP-1 modulated tobacco smoke-induced abnormal cell differentiation and EMT, as evidenced by the findings that tobacco smoke elevated AP-1 activation, and tobacco smoke-mediated cell differentiation and EMT were reversed by AP-1 suppression. These data indicated that AP-1 play an important role in tobacco smoke-induced urocystic abnormal cell differentiation and EMT. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of tobacco smoke associated urocystic tumorigenesis and may help to discover potential targets for novel therapies and chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, China
| | - Hao Geng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, China
| | - Dongdong Xie
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, China
| | - Jie Min
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, China
| | - Dexin Yu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166, China
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19
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Recuperating Lung Decoction Attenuates the Oxidative Stress State of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Inhibiting the MAPK/AP-1 Signal Pathway and Regulating γ-GCS. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:9264914. [PMID: 28408945 PMCID: PMC5376952 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9264914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose/Objective. To evaluate the effects of Recuperating Lung Decoction (RLD) on the indices of oxidative stress in a rat model of COPD and detect the indices of the MAPK/AP-1/γ-GCS signal pathway for a further survey of the possible targeting site of RLD. Methods/Materials. The rats of COPD were treated with RLD. The protein levels of glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were measured. In addition, the levels of key signaling molecules (extracellular signal-regulated kinases [ERK], the c-jun N-terminal kinase [JNKs signal pathway], and p38 MAP kinase [p38MAPK], AP-1 proteins [C-fos, C-jun], and γ-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase [γ-GCS-h]) of the MAPK/AP-1/γ-GCS-h signal pathway were assessed. Results. After treatment, the protein level of GSH and the ratio of GSH/GSSG were increased and the amounts of 8-OHdG and 4-HNE were decreased significantly in lung tissues when compared with the nontreated COPD group. Further results showed that the RLD could effectively inhibit the MAPK pathway by inactivation of p38MAPK and ERK and could also downregulate the AP-1 and the γ-GCS-h genes expressions in both protein and mRNA levels. Conclusion. RLD might improve the state of oxidative stress by downregulation of the expression of γ-GCS-h gene by inhibition of the MAPK/AP-1 pathway, thereafter enhancing the ability of antioxidation in COPD.
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20
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Glaser AP, Fantini D, Shilatifard A, Schaeffer EM, Meeks JJ. The evolving genomic landscape of urothelial carcinoma. Nat Rev Urol 2017; 14:215-229. [PMID: 28169993 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2017.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Survival of patients with urothelial carcinoma (including bladder cancer and upper tract urothelial carcinoma) is limited by our current approaches to staging, surgery, and chemotherapy. Large-scale, next-generation sequencing collaborations, such as The Cancer Genome Atlas, have already identified drivers and vulnerabilities of urothelial carcinoma. This disease has a high degree of mutational heterogeneity and a high frequency of somatic mutations compared with other solid tumours, potentially resulting in an increased neoantigen burden. Mutational heterogeneity is mediated by multiple factors including the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide family of enzymes, smoking exposure, viral integrations, and intragene and intergene fusion proteins. The mutational landscape of urothelial carcinoma, including specific mutations in pathways and driver genes, such as FGFR3, ERBB2, PIK3CA, TP53, and STAG2, affects tumour aggressiveness and response to therapy. The next generation of therapies for urothelial carcinoma will be based on patient-specific targetable mutations found in individual tumours. This personalized-medicine approach to urothelial carcinoma has already resulted in unique clinical trial design and has the potential to improve patient outcomes and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Glaser
- Northwestern University, Department of Urology, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Tarry 16-703, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Damiano Fantini
- Northwestern University, Department of Urology, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Tarry 16-703, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Ali Shilatifard
- Northwestern University, Department of Urology, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Tarry 16-703, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Edward M Schaeffer
- Northwestern University, Department of Urology, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Tarry 16-703, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Joshua J Meeks
- Northwestern University, Department of Urology, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Tarry 16-703, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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