miR-185-3p regulates the invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by targeting WNT2B in vitro

Modulation of adipose-derived stem cell behavior by prostate pathology-associated plasma: insights from in vitro exposure

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are promising in regenerative medicine. Their proliferation, survival and activation are influenced by specific signals within their microenvironment, also known as niche. The stem cell niche is regulated by complex interactions between multiple cell types. When transplanted in a specific area, ADSCs can secrete several immunomodulatory factors. At the same time, a tumor microenvironment can influence stem cell behavior, modulating proliferation and their ability to differentiate into a specific phenotype. Whitin this context, we exposed ADSCs to plasma samples derived from human patients diagnosed with prostate cancer (PC), or precancerous lesions (PL), or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) for 4, 7 or 10 days. We then analyzed the expression of main stemness-related markers and cell-cycle regulators. We also measured cytokine production and polyamine secretion in culture medium and evaluated cell morphology and collagen production by confocal microscopy. The results obtained from this study show significant changes in the morphology of ADSCs exposed to plasma samples, especially in the presence of prostate cancer plasma, suggesting important implications in the use of ADSCs for the development of new treatments and application in regenerative medicine.

Oncomeric Profiles of microRNAs as New Therapeutic Targets for Treatment of Ewing's Sarcoma: A Composite Review

Ewing's sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that forms in bones and soft tissues in the body, affecting mostly children and young adults. Current treatments for ES are limited to chemotherapy and/or radiation, followed by surgery. Recently, microRNAs have shown favourable results as latent diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in various cancers. Furthermore, microRNAs have shown to be a good therapeutic agent due to their involvement in the dysregulation of various molecular pathways linked to tumour progression, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In this review, comprehensive data mining was employed to explore various microRNAs that might have therapeutic potential as target molecules in the treatment of ES.

The role of microRNA-185 in the pathogenesis of human diseases: A focus on cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a widely-studied class of non-coding RNAs characterized by their short length (18-25 nucleotides). The precise functions of miRNAs are not well-elucidated; however, an increasing number of studies suggest their involvement in various physiologic processes and deregulation in pathologic conditions. miRNA-185 (miR-185) is among the mostly-studied miRNAs in human diseases, which is found to play putative roles in conditions like metabolic disorders, asthma, frailty, schizophrenia, and hepatitis. Notably, many cancer studies report the downregulation of miR-185 in cell lines, tumor tissues, and plasma specimens of patients, while it demonstrates a suppressing role on the malignant properties of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, miR-185 can be considered a tumor suppressor miRNA in human malignancies, while a few studies also report inconsistent findings. Being suggested as a prognostic/diagnostic biomarker, mi-185 is also found to offer clinical potentials, particularly for early diagnosis and prediction of the prognosis of cancer patients. In this review, we have outlined the studies that have evaluated the functions and clinical significance of miR-185 in different human diseases with a particular focus on cancer.

microRNAs and bone tumours: Role of tiny molecules in the development and progression of chondrosarcoma, of giant cell tumour of bone and of Ewing's sarcoma

The increasing interest on microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA molecules containing about 22 nucleotides, about their biological functions led researchers to discover that they are actively involved in several biological processes. In the last decades, miRNAs become one of the most topic of cancer research. miRNAs, thanks to their function, are the perfect molecules to modulate multiple signaling pathways and gene expression in cancer, with the consequent capacity to modulate cancerous processes, such as cellular proliferation, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance in various tumours. In the last years, several studies have demonstrated the role of miRNAs in their pathophysiology, but little we know about the underlying mechanism that lead to bone tumours like chondrosarcoma (COS), giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) and Ewing sarcoma (EWS) to still be highly aggressive and resistant tumours. An exploration of the role of miRNAs in the biology of them will permit to researchers to find new molecular mechanisms that can be used to develop new and more effective therapies against these bone tumours. Here we present a comprehensive study of the latest discoveries which have been performed in relation to the role of miRNAs in the neoplastic processes which characterize COS, EWS and GCTB, demonstrating how these tiny molecules can act as tumour promoters or as tumour suppressors and how they can be used for improving therapeutic approaches.

Inhibition of miR-185-3p Confers Erlotinib Resistance Through Upregulation of PFKL/MET in Lung Cancers

Erlotinib (ER), as an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has a significant therapeutic effect in lung cancers. However, EGFR TKI resistance inevitably occurs after treatment for approximately 12 months, which weakens its antitumor effect. Here, we identified miR-185-3p as a significantly downregulated microRNA responsible for acquired EGFR TKI resistance in cells and patients with lung cancer. qRT-PCR and Western Blot were performed to determine the relative expression of miR-185-3p in ER-resistant tumor tissues and cells. The viability and apoptosis of lung cancer cells were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The binding between miR-185-3p and liver-type phosphofructokinase (PFKL) was verified by dual luciferase assay. It was found that overexpression of miR-185-3p conferred ER sensitivity in lung cancer cell lines. MiR-185-3p was downregulated in ER-resistant lung cancer cells (H1299/ER and A549/ER). MiR-185-3p inhibited proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in ER-resistant cells. Mechanistically, miR-185-3p downregulation contributed to ER resistance through upregulating the PFKL. Moreover, Mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) oncoprotein promoted EGFR-TKI resistance by regulating miR-185-3p and PFKL. These findings revealed a novel mechanism in which downregulation of miR-185-3p may induce overexpression of PFKL and MET and confer ER resistance in lung cells. Combination of PFKL/MET inhibitors and EGFR TKIs could be a rational therapeutic approach for lung cancer patients with EGFR mutation.

Investigations on the Role of the MicroRNA-338-5p/Wnt Family Member 2B (WNT2B) Axis in Regulating the Pathogenesis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC)

Background

The involvement of microRNA-338-5p in modulating NPC pathogenesis is still largely unknown, and this study aimed to investigate this issue.

Methods

The expressions of cancer associated genes were determined by Real-Time qPCR and Western Blot, and cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometer (FCM). CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay were respectively used to determine cell proliferation and colony formation abilities. Transwell assay was used to evaluate cell migration. The expression levels of Ki67 protein in mice tissues were measured by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay.

Results

The present study found that microRNA-338-5p suppressed NPC progression by degrading its downstream target, Wnt family member 2B (WNT2B). Specifically, microRNA-338-5p tended to be low-expressed in NPC tissues and cell lines, compared to the non-tumor nasopharyngeal mucosa tissues and normal nasopharyngeal cell line (NP69). Upregulation of microRNA-338-5p inhibited proliferation, mobility, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in NPC cells in vitro, while silencing of microRNA-338-5p had opposite effects. Consistently, microRNA-338-5p suppressed tumorigenesis of NPC cells in vivo. In addition, microRNA-338-5p targeted WNT2B for degradation and inhibition, and the inhibiting effects of microRNA-338-5p overexpression on NPC development were reversed by upregulating WNT2B.

Conclusions

Taken together, we concluded that microRNA-338-5p targeted WNT2B to hinder NPC development.

The expression of miRNA-152-3p and miRNA-185 in tumor tissues versus margin tissues of patients with chemo-treated breast cancer

OBJECTIVE

Breast cancer (BC) is the most significant and lethal type of cancer in women. Although there are many newly develop chemotherapy drugs for patients with BC treating at various stages, drug resistance is the most important obstacle in their effectiveness for BC treatment. On the other hand, microRNAs are considered key regulators of genes involved in carcinogenesis and chemoresistance in cancers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of miR-152-3p and miR-185 in intrinsic chemoresistance and proliferation of BC. In addition, the potential role of these miRNAs during chemoresistance was evaluated through possible signaling pathways.

RESULTS

Here, miR-152-3p was significantly downregulated in tumor tissues compared to the corresponding margin tissues in patients with BC (p-value ≥ 0.04407 and fold change = - 2.0552). In contrast, no statistically significant difference was observed in the miR-185 expression between the two groups. Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between the expression of these two miRNAs and subfactors, including cancer family history, abortion, and age. Downregulation of miR-152-3p could be considered a promising regulator of BC chemoresistance.

Advances in research on microRNAs related to the invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which is associated with latent Epstein-Barr virus infection in most cases, is a unique epithelial malignancy arising from the nasopharyngeal mucosal lining. Accumulating evidence provides insights into the genetic and molecular aberrations that likely drive nasopharyngeal tumor development and progression. We review recent analyses of microRNAs (miRNAs), including Epstein-Barr virus-encoded miRNAs (EBV-encoded miRNAs) and dysregulated cellular miRNAs, that may be related to the metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The studies summarized herein have greatly expanded our knowledge of the molecular biology of NPC involving miRNAs, and they may provide new biological targets for clinical diagnosis and reveal the potential of microRNA therapeutics. However, much information remains to be uncovered.

Dexmedetomidine upregulates microRNA-185 to suppress ovarian cancer growth via inhibiting the SOX9/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

Dexmedetomidine (DEX) could serve as an adjuvant analgesic during cancer therapies. Abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) could lead to cancer development. This study was aimed to explore the roles of DEX in ovarian cancer (OC) development. OC cell lines SKOV3 and HO-8910 were treated with DEX, after which OC development and the miR-185, SOX9, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway were measured. DEX-treated HO-8910 cells were transfected with miR-185 mimic, miR-185 antisense or miR-185 antisense + silenced SOX9 to further measure the OC cell growth. The target relation between miR-185 and SOX9 was identified, and SOX9 and Wnt/β-catenin pathway were protein levels detected after miR-185 transfection. The role of miR-185 in OC in vivo was also measured. Our study found DEX had a dose-dependent inhibition on OC growth, and DEX promoted miR-185 but suppressed SOX9 expression in OC cells. miR-185 targeted SOX9. After interfering with miR-185 expression, HO-8910 cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis were affected. SOX9 knockdown repressed OC development and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The volume, weight, positive rate of Ki67, CyclinD1, p53 and the degree of tumor necrosis were affected by miR-185 expression. This study demonstrated that DEX could inhibit OC development via upregulating miR-185 expression and inactivating the SOX9/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

SOX2 Regulates lncRNA CCAT1/MicroRNA-185-3p/FOXP3 Axis to Affect the Proliferation and Self-Renewal of Cervical Cancer Stem Cells

It has been presented the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cervical cancer (CC). We aim to discuss the effect of sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2)/lncRNA colon cancer-associated transcript-1 (CCAT1)/microRNA-185-3p (miR-185-3p)/forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) on the proliferation and self-renewal ability of CC stem cells. MiR-185-3p, SOX2, CCAT1 and FOXP3 expressions were tested in CC tissues and cells. The relationship between SOX2/CCAT1 expression and clinicopathological features in CC patients was verified. Loss- and gain-of-function investigations were conducted in CD44⁺HeLa cells to discuss biological functions and self-renewal capacity. Finally, the relationships among SOX2, CCAT1, FOXP3 and miR-185-3p were verified. miR-185-3p expression was decreased, while SOX2, CCAT1 and FOXP3 expressions were increased in CC tissues and cells. SOX2 and CCAT1 expressions were linked to tumor size, lymph node metastasis and international federation of gynecology and obstetrics stage of CC. Down-regulating SOX2 or CCAT1 and up-regulating miR-185-3p resulted in inhibition of proliferation, invasion, migration and cell sphere number as well as apoptosis acceleration of CD44⁺HeLa cells. SOX2 could bind to CCAT1 which affected miR-185-3p expression, and FOXP3 was targeted by miR-185-3p.

M1 macrophages-derived extracellular vesicles elevate microRNA-185-3p to aggravate the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice by inhibiting small mothers against decapentaplegic 7

OBJECTIVE

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vital mediators of transferring microRNAs (miRNAs). We focused on effect of miR-185-3p that mediated by macrophages-derived EVs on atherosclerosis (AS) by targeting small mothers against decapentaplegic 7 (Smad7).

METHODS

EVs were extracted from M1 macrophages and identified. ApoE-/- mice were treated with EVs, EVs containing miR-185-3p inhibitor or mimic, then the pathological changes of mouse aorta were observed. The levels of blood lipid, cell adhesion molecules, oxidative stress factors, inflammatory factors, and proliferation and apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells were assessed. Expression of miR-185-3p and Smad7 was detected and the targeting relationship between miR-185-3p and Smad7 was validated.

RESULTS

MiR-185-3p was upregulated while Smad7 was downregulated in atherosclerotic mouse aorta. M1 macrophages-derived EVs elevated miR-185-3p to promote development of AS pathology and levels of blood lipid, endothelial cellular adhesion, oxidative stress factors and inflammatory factors, suppressed cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells in atherosclerotic mice through downregulating Smad7. Smad7 was a target gene of miR-185-3p and miR-185-3p could inhibit expression of Smad7.

CONCLUSION

M1 macrophages-derived EVs and upregulated miR-185-3p aggravated the development of AS in ApoE-/- mice by negatively regulating Smad7. This research may further the understanding of AS mechanism.

MiR-185-3p regulates epithelial mesenchymal transition via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by targeting cathepsin D in gastric cancer cells

BACKGROUND

Recently research reported that miR-185-3p could serve as an independent prognosis factor in gastric cancer (GC). However, the functional role and underlying mechanism of miR-185-3p in GC and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression remains largely elusive.

METHODS

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was carried out to analyze the expression of miR-185-3p and cathepsin D in patient-derived GC samples and various GC cell lines. Scratch assay and Transwell assay were used to evaluate the migration ability. The influence of miR-185-3p on the cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry. Western blotting assay was performed to detect the expression of EMT associated proteins and the activity of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Furthermore, the interaction between miR-185-3p and cathepsin D was explored by dual-luciferase reporter assay.

RESULTS

Our data revealed that miR-185-3p was down-regulated, while cathepsin D was up-regulated in both patient-derived GC samples and GC cells. Apart from inducing apoptosis, overexpression of miR-185-3p also inhibited EMT process and migration of GC cells. Mechanically, we firstly verified that miR-185-3p directly targeted the cathepsin D. Furthermore, miR-185-3p exerted its function on EMT process and migration via inhibiting cathepsin D to mediated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggested that miR-185-3p targeted cathepsin D inhibiting EMT process via PI3K/Akt signaling, which may serve as a potential prognosis factor and therapeutic target to reduce the malignancy of GCs.

Hsa_circ_0088233 Alleviates Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Prostate Cancer by Targeting hsa-miR-185-3p

Prostate cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system. The mechanisms of the initiation and progression of prostate cancer have not been fully elucidated. Increasing evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in cancer pathogenesis. In this study, we aimed to identify differentially expressed circRNAs in prostate cancer tissues and explored the role of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. By screening a circRNA microarray assay, we found that circ_0088233 was upregulated in prostate cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, and this upregulation can be verified in 46 pairs of prostate cancer and adjacent normal tissues examined using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. The level of circ_0088233 correlated with the TNM stage. Knockdown of circ_0088233 reduced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. In addition, miR-185-3p was identified as the downstream target of circ_0088233 using luciferase reporter assays and a biotinylated circ_0088233 probe pull-down assay. The miR-185-3p level showed a negative correlation with the circ_0088233 level in prostate cancer tissues. Overexpression of circ_0088233 blocked the effects of miR-185-3p on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle, and apoptosis. In conclusion, circ_0088233 may function as an oncogene and play an oncogenic role by sponging hsa-miR-185-3p. This study increases the understanding of circRNAs in the progression of prostate cancer. These results implicate circ_0088233 as a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer.

LncRNA-ROR/microRNA-185-3p/YAP1 axis exerts function in biological characteristics of osteosarcoma cells

AIM

The co-expression network of long non-coding RNA ROR (lncRNA-ROR) and microRNA-185-3p (miR-185-3p) has not been focused on osteosarcoma. Therein, this work was initiated to uncover lncRNA-ROR and miR-185-3p functions in osteosarcoma.

METHODS

LncRNA-ROR, miR-185-3p and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) expression in osteosarcoma tissues and cells were detected. The screened cells (MG63 and U2OS) were transfected with decreased and/or increased lncRNA-ROR and miR-185-3p to explore osteosarcoma progression. Tumor growth was detected by tumor xenografts in mice.

RESULTS

Up-regulated lncRNA-ROR and YAP1 and down-regulated miR-185-3p were found in osteosarcoma. LncRNA ROR knockdown or miR-185-3p overexpression inhibited osteosarcoma cell progression while lncRNA ROR elevation or miR-185-3p inhibition presented the opposite effects. Function of lncRNA ROR was rescued by miR-185-3p and regulated the growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells via modulating YAP1, the target gene of miR-185-3p.

CONCLUSION

This work illustrates that lncRNA-ROR down-regulation or miR-185-3p up-regulation inhibits osteosarcoma progression via YAP1 repression.

UBE2O Promotes Progression and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background

UBE2O, as a member of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family, is abnormally expressed and exhibits abnormal functions in human malignancies. However, the function of UBE2O in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unknown. Therefore, our study aims to investigate the role of UBE2O in HNSCC progression and the underlying mechanisms.

Methods

The expression of UBE2O in HNSCC patients was investigated with data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and from a separate primary tumor cohort. The function of UBE2O in HNSCC cells was studied by cell viability assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, and cell migration and invasion chamber assay. The effect of UBE2O on tumor growth in vivo was determined in a subcutaneous xenograft model of HNSCC.

Results

TCGA data showed that UBE2O mRNA expression was dramatically increased in HNSCC tissues and that patients with high expression of UBE2O transcripts had a worse survival prognosis than patients with low expression of UBE2O transcripts. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function analyses revealed that oncogenic UBE2O enhanced the proliferation, migration and invasion of HNSCC cells in vitro. Further, mechanistic analysis revealed that UBE2O induced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype and also potentiated TGF-β1-induced EMT, and thus leading to an enhanced capacity of migration and invasion in HNSCC. Finally, xenograft models showed that UBE2O knockout obviously inhibited the occurrence of EMT, angiogenesis and tumor growth in HNSCC in vivo.

Conclusion

Our study indicates that UBE2O acts as an oncogene to promote the malignant progression and EMT of HNSCC.

MiR-185-3p mimic promotes the chemosensitivity of CRC cells via AQP5

BACKGROUND

Studies showed that microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators in drug resistance. The current study investigated the role of miR-185-3p and its predicted target gene AQP5 in 5-FU-insensitive colorectal cancer (CRC) cells.

METHODS

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Spearman's correlation analysis were conducted to determine the correlation of expression levels of miR-185-3p and AQP5 from CRC tissues. HCT-116 and HCT-8 cells were treated by gradient concentration of 5-FU to construct 5-FU-resistant CRC model. The inhibition and viability of 5-FU-resistant cells were detected by MTT assay, and cell migration and invasion ability were determined by wound healing and transwell assay. The expressions of miR-185-3p and AQP5 were measured by qRT-PCR. StarBase and dual-luciferase reporter assay were used to predict and confirm the interaction between miR-185-3p and AQP5. Further experiments were performed to explore the function of miR-185-3p in 5-FU-resistant cells through regulating aquaporin-5 (AQP5). The levels of EMT-associated markers and AQP5 were determined by conducting Western Blot and qRT-PCR.

RESULTS

We found that 5-FU-resistant CRC cells showed a lower inhibition rate, and higher migration and invasion abilities. MiR-185-3p was low-expressed in CRC tissues and 5-FU-resistance cells, and it targeted and regulated the expression of AQP5, which was found up-regulated in CRC and 5-FU-resistance CRC cells (r = -0.29, P < .05). Furthermore, miR-185-3p mimic enhanced the chemo-sensitivity of 5-FU-resistant cells, while overexpressed AQP5 reversed such an effect produced by miR-185-3p mimic.

CONCLUSION

MiR-185-3p mimic enhances the chemosensitivity of CRC cells via AQP5. Our research provides a potential therapeutic target for 5-FU-resistant CRC cells.

Multiple Mechanisms Involving in Radioresistance of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the malignant tumor with ethnic and geographical distribution preference. Although intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)-based radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy and targeted therapy has dramatically improved the overall survival of NPC patients, there are still some patients suffering from recurrent tumors and the prognosis is poor. Multiple mechanisms may be responsible for radioresistance of NPC, such as cancer stem cells (CSCs) existence, gene mutation or aberrant expression of genes, epigenetic modification of genes, abnormal activation of certain signaling pathways, alteration of tumor microenvironment, stress granules (SGs) formation, etc. We conduct a comprehensive review of the published literatures focusing on the causes of radioresistance, retrospect the regulation mechanisms following radiation, and discuss future directions of overcoming the resistance to radiation.

miR-93-5p enhances migration and invasion by targeting RGMB in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Invasion and metastasis represent the primary causes of therapeutic failure in patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Therefore, disease prediction and inhibition of invasion and metastasis are critical for enhancing the survival of patients with SCCHN. Our previous study revealed that increased expression of miR-93-5p is associated with poor prognosis in SCCHN; however, the mechanism underlying the oncogenic functions of miR-93-5p in SCCHN migration and invasion remains unclear. Using qPCR analyses, transwell assays, and scratch tests, we demonstrated that expression of ectopic miR-93-5p induced the migration and invasion of SCCHN, and this was accompanied by corresponding alterations in biomarkers and transcription factors specific for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Luciferase reporter assays were used to demonstrate that miR-93-5p directly targeted the 3' UTR of RGMB, and we further found that the tumor-promoting functions of miR-93-5p were partly mediated by targeting RGMB, whose downregulation also promoted the migration and invasion of SCCHN. Overall, our results indicate that miR-93-5p acts as an oncogene in the regulation of migration and invasion by suppressing RGMB in SCCHN. These findings provide novel evidence that miR-93-5p may serve as a valuable predictive biomarker and potential intervention target in patients with SCCHN.

WNT2b Activates Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition Through FZD4: Relevance in Penetrating Crohn´s Disease

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition [EMT] has been related to fibrosis and fistula formation, common complications associated with Crohn´s disease [CD]. The WNT signalling pathway mediates EMT, and specific WNT/FZD interactions have been related to the activation of this process in several diseases. We aim to analyse the relevance of EMT and WNT ligands and receptors in the penetrating behaviour of CD.

METHODS

Intestinal surgical resections were obtained from control and CD patients with a stenotic or penetrating behaviour. Fibrosis was determined by the histological analysis of collagen deposition and EMT by confocal microscopy. The expression of WNT ligands, inhibitors, and FZD receptors was analysed by RT-PCR, WB, IH, and IF studies. The effects of WNT2b and the role of FZD4 in EMT were analysed in HT29 epithelial cells.

RESULTS

Fibrosis and expression of EMT markers were detected in samples from CD patients irrespective of the clinical behaviour. However, an increased colocalisation of E-CADHERIN and VIMENTIN, an increased number of cells expressing WNT2b, and a higher expression of FZD4 and WNT2b/FZD4 interaction, were detected in intestinal tissue from the penetrating compared with the stenotic CD behaviour. WNT2b induced EMT in HT29 cells through FZD4 activation.

CONCLUSIONS

An increased EMT, associated with increased WNT2b/FZD4 interaction, was detected in intestinal tissue from CD patients with a penetrating behaviour. WNT2b, through FZD4 activation, induces EMT in vitro which points to a novel pharmacological target to prevent intestinal penetrating complications of CD.

Silencing of long noncoding RNA UCA1 inhibits colon cancer invasion, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumour formation by upregulating miR-185-5p in vitro and in vivo

Colon cancer is the third most common malignancy in the world. Long-chain noncoding RNA urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) was abnormally expressed in colon cancer and participated in colon cancer by regulating multiple miRNAs. This study further explored the molecular mechanism of UCA1 in the development of colon cancer from both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that UCA1 was highly expressed in colon cancer cells, while miR-185-5p was low expressed. Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-185-5p was a target of UCA1, while MAPK14 was a target of miR-185-5p. Knockdown of UCA1 with shRNA (sh-UCA1) resulted in a significant increase in miR-185-5p and a significant decrease in MAPK14. In addition, sh-UCA1 inhibited invasion, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of colon cancer cells. Western blotting also showed that sh-UCA1 inactivated the MAPKAPK2/HSP27 pathway. Furthermore, animal studies have revealed that sh-UCA1 inhibited tumour formation in vivo and improved the survival rate of mice. Collectively, these results suggest that silencing UCA1 may inhibit the carcinogenesis and metastasis of colon cancer in vitro and in vivo by modulating miR-185-5p/MAPK14/MAPKAPK2/HSP27 axis. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Colon cancer is the third largest malignant tumour worldwide. This study elucidated the role of urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) in colon cancer cells and its molecular mechanism. The present study suggests that silencing UCA1 may inhibit the invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and tumour formation of colon cancer by upregulating miR-185-5p in vitro and in vivo. In summary, this study provides a new strategy for targeted therapy of colon cancer.

Delivery of mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles with enriched miR-185 inhibits progression of OPMD

Oral leukoplakia is one of the most common oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and its malignant transformation to oral cancer is highly associated with chronic inflammation. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosome-delivered microRNAs modulate inflammatory responses and alleviate irritations that predisposes to cancer. We previously reported that microRNA-185 (miR-185) was significantly decreased in the buccal tissue of patients with oral cancer. In this study, we utilized genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived EVs with high expression of miR-185 to pasted MSC-EV-miR-185 on buccal lesions in dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) induced OPMD model. We found that treatment with MSC-EV-miR-185 remarkably attenuated inflammation severity and significantly decreased the incidence and the number of dysplasia in the OPMD tissue. Immunohistochemistry showed significantly decreased expression of proliferation marker PCNA and angiogenic marker CD31 in the lesion treated with MSC-EV-miR-185. Furthermore, miR-185 specifically targeted Akt genes by promoting activation of the apoptotic pathway, confirmed by the increased levels of activated caspase-3 and 9. In conclusion, genetically modified MSC-derived EVs enriched with miR-185 alleviate inflammatory response, inhibit cell proliferation and angiogenesis, and induce cell apoptosis, suggesting that their potential role as a novel therapeutic option for OPMD.

Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) on Urinary Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma-Next-Generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Approaches

Background and objectives: Bladder urothelial carcinoma is the most common type of genitourinary cancer. Patients with bladder cancer may have limited treatment efficacy related to drug toxicity, resistance or adverse effects, and novel therapeutic strategies to enhance treatment efficacy or increase sensitivity to drugs are of high clinical importance. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenolic compound found in green tea leaves, and a potential anti-cancer agent in various cancer types through modulating and regulating multiple signaling pathways. The current study aimed to explore the role and novel therapeutic targets of EGCG on bladder urothelial carcinoma. Materials and Methods: The BFTC-905 cells, human urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell line, were treated with EGCG or water for 24 hours, and the expression profiles of mRNAs and microRNAs were analyzed using next generation sequencing (NGS). The enriched biological functions were determined using different bioinformatics databases. Results: A total of 108 differentially expressed genes in EGCG-treated bladder TCC cells were identified, which were mainly involved in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biogenesis, inflammatory response and oxidation-reduction metabolism. Moreover, several microRNA-mRNA interactions that potentially participated in the response of bladder TCC to EGCG treatment, including miR-185-3p- ARRB1 (arrestin beta 1), miR-3116- MGAT5B (alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 6-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase B), miR-31-5p-TNS1 (tensin 1), miR-642a-5p-TNS1, miR-1226-3p- DLG2 (discs large homolog 2), miR-484-DLG2, and miR-22-3p- PPM1K (protein phosphatase 1K). Conclusions: The current findings provide insights into novel therapeutic targets and underlying mechanisms of action of EGCG treatment in bladder cancer.

CircRNA-5692 inhibits the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by sponging miR-328-5p to enhance DAB2IP expression

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), one kind of noncoding RNAs, can interact with miRNA and transcription factors to regulate gene expression. However, little is known on which circRNA is crucial for the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CircRNA expression profile was analyzed by a microarray. Regulatory gene targets were predicted by bioinformatics analysis and validated by luciferase assay. Their expression was determined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. DNA methylation was determined by methylation-specific PCR. Gene knockdown and overexpression were mediated by lentivirus-mediated shRNA and transfection with plasmids for cDNA expression, respectively. MTT assay, wound-healing assay, transwell invasion assay, and flow cytometry were used to determine malignant behaviors of HCC cells. HCC xenograft mouse model was used to determine the in vivo effects of circRNA-5692. CircRNA-5692 expression was downregulated in HCC tissues, and circRNA-5692 overexpression attenuated the malignant behaviors of HCC cells. Bioinformatics predicted that circRNA-5692 interacted with miR-328-5p, which targeted the DAB2IP mRNA. Actually, miR-328-5p promoted the malignant behaviors of HCC cells, while DAB2IP had opposite effects. Moreover, circRNA-5692 overexpression inhibited the growth of xenograft HCC tumors in vivo by decreasing miR-328-5p expression to enhance DAB2IP expression. In conclusion, the circRNA-5692–miR-328-5p–DAB2IP regulatory pathway inhibits the progression of HCC. Our findings may provide potential new targets for the diagnosis and therapy of HCC.

Circular RNA circ_0074027 indicates a poor prognosis for NSCLC patients and modulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion via miR-185-3p mediated BRD4/MADD activation

Circular RNAs play an imperative role in cancer development and metastasis by regulating oncogenic and tumor-suppressive pathways. However, the role and mechanism of circ_0074027 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not been elucidated. The expression levels of circ_0074027 were detected by qRT-PCR. The link between circ_0074027 expression and clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed by Fisher's exact test. The prognostic role of circ_0074027 was investigated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. Cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometric assays were utilized to evaluate NSCLC cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Wound scratch and Transwell tests were applied to detect cell migratory and invasive capacities. The interaction potential of circ_0074027 and miR-185-3p was analyzed by the circBank database, and verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The downstream gene of miR-185-3p was also investigated. Circ_0074027 was elevated in NSCLC specimens and cell lines. Overexpressed circ_0074027 was related to more advanced TNM stages, poorer differentiation grade, and worse overall survival. Upregulated circ_0074027 increased the proliferation of H1299 cells by inhibiting cell apoptosis. Cell migration and invasion were enhanced after circ_0074027 overexpression. Silenced circ_0074027 caused the opposite effects in the A549 cell line. For mechanism investigation, circ_0074027 directly sponges miR-185-3p to enhance bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) and MAPK-activating death domain-containing protein (MADD) expression levels at the posttranscriptional level. Furthermore, we found the oncogenic function of circ_0074027 is attributed to its modulation of BRD4 and MADD. Collectively, upregulated circ_0074027 in NSCLC accelerates cell progression via miR-185-3p/BRD4/MADD pathway as a competing endogenous RNA.

miR‑185 regulates the growth of osteosarcoma cells via targeting Hexokinase 2

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers in numerous types of cancer, including osteosarcoma (OS), which is the most common bone malignancy. The present study revealed that the expression of miR‑185 was downregulated in OS tissues and cells. Overexpression of miR‑185 significantly suppressed the proliferation and migration of OS cells. To further investigate the functional roles of miR‑185 in OS, the downstream targets of miR‑185 were predicted using the microRNA.org database. The results revealed that in cancer cells, hexokinase 2 (HK2), the rate‑limiting enzyme of glycolysis, was a potential target of miR‑185. Molecular analysis indicated that miR‑185 binds to the 3'‑untranslated region of HK2 mRNA. Overexpressed miR‑185 downregulated the mRNA and protein levels of HK2 in OS cells. In addition, an inverse correlation between the expression of miR‑185 and HK2 was reported in OS. Consistent with the downregulation of HK2 induced by miR‑185, overexpression of HK2 in OS cells significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of miR‑185 on glucose consumption and lactate production, while depletion of miR‑185 promoted the glycolysis of OS cells. Additionally, restoration of HK2 abolished the inhibitory effects of miR‑185 on the proliferation of OS cells. In summary, these results revealed that miR‑185 suppressed the glucose metabolism of OS cells; thus, miR‑185 may be considered as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of OS.

Treatment with somatostatin analogs induces differentially expressed let-7c-5p and mir-3137 in small intestine neuroendocrine tumors

BACKGROUND

Distant metastases frequently occur in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. If hepatic surgery is not feasible, patients are treated with somatostatin analogs. However, the underlying mechanisms of action of this treatment remain to be defined. The aim of the present study was to analyze the micro-RNA expression profile inter-individually before and after the treatment with somatostatin analogs.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Tumor specimens of all included patients (n = 8) before and after the onset of a therapy with somatostatin analogs were analyzed and a micro-RNA expression profile (754 micro-RNAs) of each probe was generated. This analysis in an intra-individual setting was selected to avoid bias from inter-individual differences. The micro-RNA expression profiles were validated by qPCR. Patients with any other systemic treatment were excluded from the present study.

RESULTS

Eight patients were included in the present study of which all had neuroendocrine tumors of the small intestine with diffuse hepatic metastases. Grouped analyses revealed that 15 micro-RNAs were differentially expressed (3 up- and 12 downregulated) after the exposure to somatostatin analogs. Additionally, let-7c-5p and mir-3137 are concordantly regulated in the inter-individually analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first study analyzing the individual micro-RNA expression profile before and after a therapy with somatostatin analogs. Data from this study reveal that somatostatin analogs may in part exert their beneficial effects through an alteration in the micro-RNA expression profile.

miR-185 suppresses progression of Ewing's sarcoma via inhibiting the PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin pathways

Background

miRNAs are confirmed to play essential roles in tumorigenesis and progression of cancers, including Ewing's sarcoma. miR-185 has been reported to be downregulated in some tumors, whereas the role of miR-185 in Ewing's sarcoma remains unclear.

Purpose

The objective of this study was to investigate the role of miR-185 in the progression and metastasis of Ewing's sarcoma and explore the associated mechanism.

Materials and methods

Ewing's sarcoma cell line RD-ES was transfected with pCMV-MIR-miR185 vector to upregulate the expression of miR-185. Cell Counting Kit 8 and colony formation assays were used to assess the effect of miR-185 on cell proliferation. The effect of miR-185 on cell migration and invasion was detected by transwell assay. Flow cytometry assay was performed to detect apoptosis rate of RD-ES cells. The protein levels of apoptosis-related proteins was determined using Western blot assay or immunohistochemistry assay. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the regulation between miR-185 and its target gene.

Results

Upregulation of miR-185 caused significant inhibition on cell growth capacity, migration and invasion of Ewing's sarcoma cell RD-ES. Besides, upregulation of miR-185 was observed to accelerate cell apoptosis in a mitochondrial pathway through regulating Bcl-2/Bax, Caspase 3, and Caspase 9 in Ewing's sarcoma in vitro. Moreover, upregulation of miR-185 was found to suppress the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in RD-ES cells. Furthermore, we identified that E2F6 was a target gene for miR-185, and the suppression on cell proliferation caused by overexpression of miR-185 was significantly rescued by the upregulation of E2F6 in RD-ES cells.

Conclusion

miR-185 is involved in cell growth, motility and survival of Ewing's sarcoma as a tumor suppressor via suppressing PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin pathways and targeting E2F6.

The regulatory network of nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis with a focus on EBV, lncRNAs and miRNAs

Metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains a main cause of death for NPC patients even though great advances have been made in therapeutic approaches. An in-depth study into the molecular mechanisms of NPC metastasis will help us combat NPC. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is an evident feature of nonkeratinizing NPC and is strongly associated with tumor metastasis. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) have become a hot topic of research due to their epigenetic regulatory roles in NPC metastasis. The EBV products, lncRNAs and miRNAs can target each other and share several common signaling pathways, which form an interconnected, complex molecular regulatory network. In this review, we discuss the features of this regulatory network and summarize the molecular mechanisms of NPC metastasis, focusing on EBV, lncRNAs and miRNAs with updated knowledge.

MicroRNA-185 inhibits cell proliferation while promoting apoptosis and autophagy through negative regulation of TGF-β1/mTOR axis and HOXC6 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

OBJECTIVE

Accumulating studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRs) play a critical role in the development and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which is a disease with a remarkable racial and geographical distribution. In our study, through the alteration in the expression of microRNA-185 (miR-185) in NPC cells by microarray-based gene expression profiling, we subsequently evaluated its ability to influence NPC cells and associated mechanism.

METHODS

The expressions of miR-185 and HOXC6 in NPC and paracancerous tissues collected from patients with NPC were detected. The CNE-2 cells with the lowest miR-185 among the five NPC cell lines (CNE-1, CNE-2, HNE-1, HNE-2, and 5-8F) were selected and transfected with a series of mimic or inhibitor of miR-185, or shRNA-against HOXC6. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival of patients. Besides, the reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis were used to determine the levels of related genes/proteins. By means of cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, transwell assay, flow cytometry, and AO staining, the influences miR-185 has on the processes associated with NPC, including cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis and autophagy were evaluated.

RESULTS

NPC was observed to decrease miR-185 but increase HOXC6. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that HOXC6 is a target gene of miR-185. Increased mRNA and protein levels of Bax, caspase-3, LC3 and Beclin1 and reduced levels of HOXC6, TGF-β1, mTOR, Cyclin D1, PCNA, Bcl-2 were found by overexpression of miR-185. High expression of miR-185 and low expression of HOXC6 had longer survival time of NPC patients. Overexpressed miR-185 enhanced cell apoptosis and autophagy, and reduced cell proliferation and invasion, while miR-185 inhibitor was observed to have induced effects on the CNE-2 cells.

CONCLUSION

Overall, the data show that miR-185 could negatively target HOXC6 to suppress cell proliferation, promotes apoptosis and autophagy through inhibiting TGF-β1/mTOR axis in NPC. Thus, miR-185 is useful strategy for the treatment of NPC.

LncRNA PVT1 promotes malignant progression in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are potentially critical regulators of cancer malignant behaviours. Aberrant expression and dysfunction of lncRNA PVT1 have been reported in multiple human cancers. However, its role in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) remains largely unknown. Our current study demonstrated that PVT1 expression was increased in SCCHN. High PVT1 expression was positively correlated with SCCHN clinical parameters including T classification, clinical stages and cervical lymph node metastasis. More importantly, high PVT1 expression predicted a poor prognosis in SCCHN patients. Gain-of function and loss-of function studies further indicated that PVT1 promoted the proliferation and invasion of SCCHN both in vitro and in vivo, which was accompanied by epithelial-mesenchymal transition and enhanced cancer stem cell-like properties. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that PVT1 activated Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, and inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signalling reversed the malignant progression caused by PVT1 overexpression. Together, our study reveals that PVT1 accelerates the malignant progression of SCCHN and represents a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in SCCHN.

MiR-185 inhibits tumor growth and enhances chemo-resistance via targeting SRY-related high mobility group box transcription factor 13 in non-small-cell carcinoma

MicroRNA-185 (miR-185) is down-regulated in various tumor types. However, the cytological mechanism for inhibiting and restraining tumor growth of non-small-cell carcinoma (NSCLC) remains to be elucidated. In this study, it was revealed that miR-185 is significantly down-regulated in both NSCLC tumor tissues and cell lines, and over-expression of miR-185 inhibited cell growth, migration and invasion. To investigate the cellular machinery involved in miR-185's regulation of tumor growth, it was found that miR-185 directly targets SRY-Box 13 (SOX13). In addition, miR-185 regulated cell proliferation, migration, invasion and increased chemo-sensitivity in H1975 cells by inhibiting SOX13. MiR-185 also inhibited tumor growth and suppressed SOX13 in nude mouse xenograft tumors. To investigate the clinical relevance of these consequences, 24 pairs of NSCLC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected to determine expression of miR-185 and SOX13. It was demonstrated that miR-185 levels are significantly and inversely correlated with SOX13 levels in these NSCLC tissues, suggesting that these findings have implications for translational application with respect to NSCLC diagnostics and therapy.

Oncogenic role of miR‑183‑5p in lung adenocarcinoma: A comprehensive study of qPCR, in vitro experiments and bioinformatic analysis

Despite the fact that previous studies have reported the aberrant expression of miR-183-5p in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the oncogenic role of miR-183-5p in LUAD and its underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. Hence, we attempted to elucidate the clinicopathological significance of miR-183-5p expression in LUAD and identify the biological function of miR-183-5p in LUAD in this study. Meta-analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data, data mining of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed to evaluate the clinicopathological significance of miR-183-5p in LUAD. Then, the effect of miR-183-5p on cell growth in LUAD was assessed by in vitro experiments. Additionally, the target genes of miR-183-5p were identified via miRWalk v.2.0 and TCGA. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and Disease Ontology (DO) analysis were further carried out for the target genes. The targetability between target genes in key KEGG pathways and miR-183-5p was validated by independent samples t-test, Pearson's correlation test and immunohistochemistry results from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA). According to the results, miR-183-5p was overexpressed in LUAD and exhibited significant diagnostic value. Moreover, miR-183 expression was associated with tumor progression in the TCGA data. In vitro experiments revealed the positive influence of miR-183-5p on cell viability and proliferation as well as the negative effect of miR-183-5p on caspase-3/7 activity in LUAD, which supports the finding that target genes of miR-183-5p are mainly enriched in gene pathways containing cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and gene pathways important in cancer. Therefore, we conclude that miR-183-5p acts as an oncogene in LUAD and participates in the pathogenesis of LUAD via the interaction networks of its target genes.

miRNA-185 serves as a prognostic factor and suppresses migration and invasion through Wnt1 in colon cancer

Colon cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide; abnormal microRNA expression is common during colon cancer development. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role played by miR-185 in this context. We used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to measure miR-185 expression levels in colon cancer cell lines. The effects of miR-185 on colon cancer cell proliferation and invasion were assessed using the MTT, colony-forming, wound-healing, and transwell assays. A luciferase activity assay was used to confirm the target of miR-185. Our data showed that miR-185 was significantly down-regulated in colon cancer cells and colonic cancer tissues compared with NCM460 normal colonic epithelial cells and adjacent normal tissues. A functional analysis revealed that ectopic expression of miR-185 significantly inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion. In addition, western blot, qRT-PCR, and luciferase assays confirmed in colon cancer cells that Wnt1 was a downstream target of miR-185, in turn suppressing β-catenin-mediated signaling. In conclusion, we found that miR-185 inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation and invasion by targeting Wnt1, and that it serves as a tumor suppressor, indicating that the modulation of miR-185 levels may potentially be therapeutic in colon cancer patients.

MicroRNA 615-3p Inhibits the Tumor Growth and Metastasis of NSCLC via Inhibiting IGF2

MicroRNAs are essential regulators of cancer-associated genes at the posttranscriptional level, and their expression is altered in cancer tissues. Herein we sought to identify the regulation of miR-615-3p in NSCLC progression and its mechanism. miR-615-3p expression was significantly downregulated in NSCLC tissue compared to control normal tissue. Exogenous overexpression of miR-615-3p inhibited the growth and metastasis of NSCLC cells. In addition, the in vivo mouse xenograft model showed that overexpression of miR-615-3p inhibited NSCLC growth and lung metastasis, whereas decreased expression of miR-615-3p caused an opposite outcome. Furthermore, we revealed that insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) expression was negatively correlated with the miR-615-3p level in NSCLC specimens, and IGF2 knockdown mimicked the effect of miR-615-3p inhibition on NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, overexpression of IGF2 rescued the inhibition of miR-615-3p in NSCLC cells. Together, our results indicated that miR-615-3p played important roles in the regulation of NSCLC growth and metastasis by targeting IGF2.

Unveiling massive numbers of cancer-related urinary-microRNA candidates via nanowires

Analyzing microRNAs (miRNAs) within urine extracellular vesicles (EVs) is important for realizing miRNA-based, simple, and noninvasive early disease diagnoses and timely medical checkups. However, the inherent difficulty in collecting dilute concentrations of EVs (<0.01 volume %) from urine has hindered the development of these diagnoses and medical checkups. We propose a device composed of nanowires anchored into a microfluidic substrate. This device enables EV collections at high efficiency and in situ extractions of various miRNAs of different sequences (around 1000 types) that significantly exceed the number of species being extracted by the conventional ultracentrifugation method. The mechanical stability of nanowires anchored into substrates during buffer flow and the electrostatic collection of EVs onto the nanowires are the two key mechanisms that ensure the success of the proposed device. In addition, we use our methodology to identify urinary miRNAs that could potentially serve as biomarkers for cancer not only for urologic malignancies (bladder and prostate) but also for nonurologic ones (lung, pancreas, and liver). The present device concept will provide a foundation for work toward the long-term goal of urine-based early diagnoses and medical checkups for cancer.