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Cobley JN, Margaritelis NV, Chatzinikolaou PN, Nikolaidis MG, Davison GW. Ten "Cheat Codes" for Measuring Oxidative Stress in Humans. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:877. [PMID: 39061945 PMCID: PMC11273696 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Formidable and often seemingly insurmountable conceptual, technical, and methodological challenges hamper the measurement of oxidative stress in humans. For instance, fraught and flawed methods, such as the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay kits for lipid peroxidation, rate-limit progress. To advance translational redox research, we present ten comprehensive "cheat codes" for measuring oxidative stress in humans. The cheat codes include analytical approaches to assess reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, oxidative damage, and redox regulation. They provide essential conceptual, technical, and methodological information inclusive of curated "do" and "don't" guidelines. Given the biochemical complexity of oxidative stress, we present a research question-grounded decision tree guide for selecting the most appropriate cheat code(s) to implement in a prospective human experiment. Worked examples demonstrate the benefits of the decision tree-based cheat code selection tool. The ten cheat codes define an invaluable resource for measuring oxidative stress in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N. Cobley
- The University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
- Ulster University, Belfast BT15 1ED, Northern Ireland, UK;
| | - Nikos V. Margaritelis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 62122 Serres, Greece; (N.V.M.); (P.N.C.); (M.G.N.)
| | | | - Michalis G. Nikolaidis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 62122 Serres, Greece; (N.V.M.); (P.N.C.); (M.G.N.)
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2
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Mourad SS, Barary MA, El-Yazbi AF. Sensitive "release-on-demand" fluorescent genosensors for probing DNA damage induced by commonly used cardiovascular drugs: Comparative study. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131821. [PMID: 38679270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular drugs (CVDs) are agents working on the heart and the vascular system to treat many cardiovascular disorders. Such disorders represent the leading cause for morbidity and mortality worldwide. The treatment regimen includes different administered drugs on chronic basis. The cumulative drugs in human body coincides with exposure to electromagnetic radiations from different sources leading to drug-radiation interaction that may lead to drug photosensitization. Such photosensitization may lead to mutagenesis, cancer, and cell death due to molecular damage to DNA. This work involves the application of two bioluminescent genosensors; Terbium chloride and EvaGreen are utilized to investigate potential DNA damage caused by frequently used CVDs following UVA irradiation. A variety of CVDs are investigated. Ten drugs; Amiloride, Atorvastatin, Captopril, Enalapril, Felodipine, Hydrochlorothiazide, Indapamide, Losartan, Triamterene and Valsartan are studied. The study's findings showed that such drugs induced DNA damage following UVA irradiation. The induced DNA damage altered the fluorescence of terbium chloride and EvaGreen genosensors, proportionally. The results are confirmed by viscosity measurements reflecting the possible intercalation of CVDs with DNA. Also, the work is applied on calf thymus DNA to mimic the actual biological variability. The demonstrated bioluminescent genosensors provide automatic, simple and low-cost methods for assessing DNA-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Mourad
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 1 El Khartoum Square, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Magda A Barary
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 1 El Khartoum Square, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Amira F El-Yazbi
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 1 El Khartoum Square, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
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3
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Möller C, Virzi J, Chang YJ, Keidel A, Chao MR, Hu CW, Cooke MS. DNA modifications: Biomarkers for the exposome? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 108:104449. [PMID: 38636743 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The concept of the exposome is the encompassing of all the environmental exposures, both exogenous and endogenous, across the life course. Many, if not all, of these exposures can result in the generation of reactive species, and/or the modulation of cellular processes, that can lead to a breadth of modifications of DNA, the nature of which may be used to infer their origin. Because of their role in cell function, such modifications have been associated with various major human diseases, including cancer, and so their assessment is crucial. Historically, most methods have been able to only measure one or a few DNA modifications at a time, limiting the information available. With the development of DNA adductomics, which aims to determine the totality of DNA modifications, a far more comprehensive picture of the DNA adduct burden can be gained. Importantly, DNA adductomics can facilitate a "top-down" investigative approach whereby patterns of adducts may be used to trace and identify the originating exposure source. This, together with other 'omic approaches, represents a major tool for unraveling the complexities of the exposome and hence allow a better a understanding of the environmental origins of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Möller
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Jazmine Virzi
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Yuan-Jhe Chang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Alexandra Keidel
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Mu-Rong Chao
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Wen Hu
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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4
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Hassanain H, Tseitline D, Hacohen T, Yifrach A, Kirshenbaum A, Lavi B, Parnas A, Adar S. A Practical Site-specific Method for the Detection of Bulky DNA Damages. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168450. [PMID: 38246411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Helix-distorting DNA damages block RNA and DNA polymerase, compromising cell function and fate. In human cells, these damages are removed primarily by nucleotide excision repair (NER). Here, we describe damage-sensing PCR (dsPCR), a PCR-based method for the detection of these DNA damages. Exposure to DNA damaging agents results in lower PCR signal in comparison to non-damaged DNA, and repair is measured as the restoration of PCR signal over time. We show that the method successfully detects damages induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, by the carcinogenic component of cigarette smoke benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE) and by the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin. Damage removal measured by dsPCR in a heterochromatic region is less efficient than in a transcribed and accessible region. Furthermore, lower repair is measured in repair-deficient knock-out cells. This straight-forward method could be applied by non-DNA repair experts to study the involvement of their gene-of-interest in repair. Furthermore, this method is fully amenable for high-throughput screening of DNA repair activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Hassanain
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Dana Tseitline
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Tamar Hacohen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Adi Yifrach
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Ayala Kirshenbaum
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Bar Lavi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Avital Parnas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Sheera Adar
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.
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5
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Sottile ML, Gómez LC, Redondo A, Ibarra J, García MB, Gonzalez L, Vargas-Roig LM, Nadin SB. Relevance of Comet Assay and Phosphorylated-Hsp90α in Cancer Patients' Peripheral Blood Leukocytes as Tools to Assess Cisplatin-based Chemotherapy Clinical Response and Disease Outcome. J Histochem Cytochem 2024; 72:173-188. [PMID: 38439738 PMCID: PMC10956442 DOI: 10.1369/00221554241236241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (cPt) is a commonly used treatment for solid tumors. The main target of its cytotoxicity is the DNA molecule, which makes the DNA damage response (DDR) crucial for cPt-based chemotherapy. Therefore, it is essential to identify biomarkers that can accurately predict the individual clinical response and prognosis. Our goal was to assess the usefulness of alkaline comet assay and immunocytochemical staining of phosphorylated Hsp90α (p-Hsp90α), γH2AX, and 53BP1 as predictive/prognostic markers. Pre-chemotherapy peripheral blood leukocytes were exposed to cPt in vitro and collected at 0, 24 (T24), and 48 (T48) hr post-drug removal. Healthy subjects were also included. Baseline DNA damage was elevated in cancer patients (variability between individuals was observed). After cPt, patients showed increased γH2AX foci/nucleus (T24 and T48). Both in healthy persons and patients, the nuclear p-Hsp90α and N/C (nuclear/cytoplasmic) ratio augmented (T24), decreasing at T48. Favorable clinical response was associated with high DNA damage and p-Hsp90α N/C ratio following cPt. For the first time, p-Hsp90α significance as a predictive marker is highlighted. Post-cPt-DNA damage was associated with longer disease-free survival and overall survival. Our findings indicate that comet assay and p-Hsp90α (a marker of DDR) would be promising prognostic/predictive tools in cP-treated cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra L Sottile
- Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Medical Sciences School, Mendoza University, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Laura C Gómez
- Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Medical Sciences School, Mendoza University, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Analía Redondo
- Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Jorge Ibarra
- Regional Integration Cancer Center, Mendoza, Argentina
| | | | | | - Laura M Vargas-Roig
- Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Silvina B Nadin
- Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
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6
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Conlon S, Khuu C, Trasviña-Arenas CH, Xia T, Hamm ML, Raetz AG, David SS. Cellular Repair of Synthetic Analogs of Oxidative DNA Damage Reveals a Key Structure-Activity Relationship of the Cancer-Associated MUTYH DNA Repair Glycosylase. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:291-301. [PMID: 38435525 PMCID: PMC10906249 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The base excision repair glycosylase MUTYH prevents mutations associated with the oxidatively damaged base, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (OG), by removing undamaged misincorporated adenines from OG:A mispairs. Defects in OG:A repair in individuals with inherited MUTYH variants are correlated with the colorectal cancer predisposition syndrome known as MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP). Herein, we reveal key structural features of OG required for efficient repair by human MUTYH using structure-activity relationships (SAR). We developed a GFP-based plasmid reporter assay to define SAR with synthetically generated OG analogs in human cell lines. Cellular repair results were compared with kinetic parameters measured by adenine glycosylase assays in vitro. Our results show substrates lacking the 2-amino group of OG, such as 8OI:A (8OI = 8-oxoinosine), are not repaired in cells, despite being excellent substrates in in vitro adenine glycosylase assays, new evidence that the search and detection steps are critical factors in cellular MUTYH repair functionality. Surprisingly, modification of the O8/N7H of OG, which is the distinguishing feature of OG relative to G, was tolerated in both MUTYH-mediated cellular repair and in vitro adenine glycosylase activity. The lack of sensitivity to alterations at the O8/N7H in the SAR of MUTYH substrates is distinct from previous work with bacterial MutY, indicating that the human enzyme is much less stringent in its lesion verification. Our results imply that the human protein relies almost exclusively on detection of the unique major groove position of the 2-amino group of OG within OGsyn:Aanti mispairs to select contextually incorrect adenines for excision and thereby thwart mutagenesis. These results predict that MUTYH variants that exhibit deficiencies in OG:A detection will be severely compromised in a cellular setting. Moreover, the reliance of MUTYH on the interaction with the OG 2-amino group suggests that disrupting this interaction with small molecules may provide a strategy to develop potent and selective MUTYH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah
G. Conlon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Graduate
Program in Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Cindy Khuu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Biochemistry,
Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Carlos H. Trasviña-Arenas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Tian Xia
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Graduate
Program in Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Michelle L. Hamm
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Richmond, 410 Westhampton Way, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Alan G. Raetz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Biochemistry,
Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sheila S. David
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Graduate
Program in Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Biochemistry,
Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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7
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Klaassen H, Tissot S, Meliani J, Boutry J, Miltiadous A, Biro PA, Mitchell DJ, Ujvari B, Schultz A, Thomas F, Dujon AM. Behavioural ecology meets oncology: quantifying the recovery of animal behaviour to a transient exposure to a cancer risk factor. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232666. [PMID: 38351808 PMCID: PMC10865010 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Wildlife is increasingly exposed to sublethal transient cancer risk factors, including mutagenic substances, which activates their anti-cancer defences, promotes tumourigenesis, and may negatively impact populations. Little is known about how exposure to cancer risk factors impacts the behaviour of wildlife. Here, we investigated the effects of a sublethal, short-term exposure to a carcinogen at environmentally relevant concentrations on the activity patterns of wild Girardia tigrina planaria during a two-phase experiment, consisting of a 7-day exposure to cadmium period followed by a 7-day recovery period. To comprehensively explore the effects of the exposure on activity patterns, we employed the double hierarchical generalized linear model framework which explicitly models residual intraindividual variability in addition to the mean and variance of the population. We found that exposed planaria were less active compared to unexposed individuals and were able to recover to pre-exposure activity levels albeit with a reduced variance in activity at the start of the recovery phase. Planaria showing high activity levels were less predictable with larger daily activity variations and higher residual variance. Thus, the shift in behavioural variability induced by an exposure to a cancer risk factor can be quantified using advanced tools from the field of behavioural ecology. This is required to understand how tumourous processes affect the ecology of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiske Klaassen
- Geelong, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Tissot
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jordan Meliani
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Justine Boutry
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anna Miltiadous
- Geelong, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Peter A. Biro
- Geelong, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Beata Ujvari
- Geelong, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Aaron Schultz
- Geelong, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- Geelong, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine M. Dujon
- Geelong, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Plaimart J, Acharya K, Blackburn A, Mrozik W, Davenport RJ, Werner D. Effective removal of iron, nutrients, micropollutants, and faecal bacteria in constructed wetlands cotreating mine water and sewage treatment plant effluent. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 89:116-131. [PMID: 38214989 PMCID: wst_2024_001 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Regulators in England and Wales have set new targets under the Environment Act 2021 for freshwater quality by 2038 that include halving the length of rivers polluted by harmful metals from abandoned mines and reducing phosphorus loadings from treated wastewater by 80%. In this context, an intriguing win-win opportunity exists in the removal of iron from abandoned mines and phosphate from small sewage treatment plants by coprecipitation in constructed wetlands (CWs). We investigated such a CW located at Lamesley, Northeast England, which cotreats abandoned coal mine and secondary-treated sewage treatment plant effluents. We assessed the removal of nutrients, heavy metals, organic micropollutants, and faecal coliforms by the CW, and characterized changes in the water bacteriology comprehensively using environmental DNA. The CW effectively removed ammonium-nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and faecal coliforms by an average of 86, 74, 98, and 75%, respectively, to levels below or insignificantly different from those in the receiving river. The CW also effectively removed micropollutants such as acetaminophen, caffeine, and sulpiride by 70-100%. Molecular microbiology methods showed successful conversion of sewage and mine water microbiomes into a freshwater microbiome. Overall, the CW significantly reduced impacts on the rural water environment with minimal operational requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidapa Plaimart
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK E-mail:
| | - Kishor Acharya
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Adrian Blackburn
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Wojciech Mrozik
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Russell J Davenport
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - David Werner
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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9
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Popov AA, Petruseva IO, Naumenko NV, Lavrik OI. Methods for Assessment of Nucleotide Excision Repair Efficiency. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1844-1856. [PMID: 38105203 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923110147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is responsible for removing a wide variety of bulky adducts from DNA, thus contributing to the maintenance of genome stability. The efficiency with which proteins of the NER system recognize and remove bulky adducts depends on many factors and is of great clinical and diagnostic significance. The review examines current concepts of the NER system molecular basis in eukaryotic cells and analyzes methods for the assessment of the NER-mediated DNA repair efficiency both in vitro and ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei A Popov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Irina O Petruseva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Natalya V Naumenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Olga I Lavrik
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
- Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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10
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Krieger KL, Mann EK, Lee KJ, Bolterstein E, Jebakumar D, Ittmann MM, Dal Zotto VL, Shaban M, Sreekumar A, Gassman NR. Spatial mapping of the DNA adducts in cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 128:103529. [PMID: 37390674 PMCID: PMC10330576 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
DNA adducts and strand breaks are induced by various exogenous and endogenous agents. Accumulation of DNA damage is implicated in many disease processes, including cancer, aging, and neurodegeneration. The continuous acquisition of DNA damage from exogenous and endogenous stressors coupled with defects in DNA repair pathways contribute to the accumulation of DNA damage within the genome and genomic instability. While mutational burden offers some insight into the level of DNA damage a cell may have experienced and subsequently repaired, it does not quantify DNA adducts and strand breaks. Mutational burden also infers the identity of the DNA damage. With advances in DNA adduct detection and quantification methods, there is an opportunity to identify DNA adducts driving mutagenesis and correlate with a known exposome. However, most DNA adduct detection methods require isolation or separation of the DNA and its adducts from the context of the nuclei. Mass spectrometry, comet assays, and other techniques precisely quantify lesion types but lose the nuclear context and even tissue context of the DNA damage. The growth in spatial analysis technologies offers a novel opportunity to leverage DNA damage detection with nuclear and tissue context. However, we lack a wealth of techniques capable of detecting DNA damage in situ. Here, we review the limited existing in situ DNA damage detection methods and examine their potential to offer spatial analysis of DNA adducts in tumors or other tissues. We also offer a perspective on the need for spatial analysis of DNA damage in situ and highlight Repair Assisted Damage Detection (RADD) as an in situ DNA adduct technique with the potential to integrate with spatial analysis and the challenges to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko L Krieger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Translational Metabolism and Health Disparities (C-TMH), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elise K Mann
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Kevin J Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Elyse Bolterstein
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA
| | - Deborah Jebakumar
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA; Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76508, USA
| | - Michael M Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Tissue Acquisition & Pathology Shared Resource, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Valeria L Dal Zotto
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Mohamed Shaban
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Arun Sreekumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Translational Metabolism and Health Disparities (C-TMH), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Natalie R Gassman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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11
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Zhang C, Chen L, Sun L, Jin H, Ren K, Liu S, Qian Y, Li S, Li F, Zhu C, Zhao Y, Liu H, Liu Y. BMAL1 collaborates with CLOCK to directly promote DNA double-strand break repair and tumor chemoresistance. Oncogene 2023; 42:967-979. [PMID: 36725890 PMCID: PMC10038804 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates a correlation between circadian dysfunction and genomic instability. However, whether the circadian machinery directly regulates DNA damage repair, especially in double-strand breaks (DSBs), remains poorly understood. Here, we report that in response to DSBs, BMAL1 is activated by ATM-mediated phosphorylation at S183. Phosphorylated BMAL1 is then localized to DNA damage sites, where it facilitates acetylase CLOCK to load in the chromatin, regulating the acetylation of histone H4 (H4Ac) at DSB sites. In this way, the BMAL1-CLOCK-H4Ac axis promotes the DNA end-resection to generate single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and the subsequent homologous recombination (HR). BMAL1 deficient cells display defective HR, accumulation of unrepaired DSBs and genome instability. Accordingly, depletion of BMAL1 significantly enhances the sensitivity of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) to DNA damage-based therapy in vitro and in vivo. These findings uncover non-canonical function of BMAL1 and CLOCK in HR-mediated DSB repair, which may have an implication in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canfeng Zhang
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Liping Chen
- The Center for Medical Research, The First People's Hospital of Nanning City, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Lu Sun
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Heping Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kai Ren
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yongyu Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fangping Li
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Chengming Zhu
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haiying Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan Liu
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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12
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Carbonell B, Álvarez J, Santa-González GA, Delgado JP. COMET Assay for Detection of DNA Damage During Axolotl Tail Regeneration. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2562:183-194. [PMID: 36272076 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2659-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to evaluate DNA damage during axolotl tail regeneration using an alkaline comet assay. Our method details the isolation of cells from regenerating and non-regenerating tissues and the isolation of peripheral blood for single-cell gel electrophoresis. Also, we detail each of the steps for the development of the comet assay technique which includes mounting the isolated cells on an agarose matrix, alkaline electrophoresis, and DNA damage detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belfran Carbonell
- Grupo Genética Regeneración y Cáncer, Institute of Biology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
- Department of Integrated Basic Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Jennifer Álvarez
- Grupo Genética Regeneración y Cáncer, Institute of Biology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Gloria A Santa-González
- Grupo Genética Regeneración y Cáncer, Institute of Biology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
- Biomedical Innovation and Research Group, Faculty of Applied and Exact Sciences, Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Jean Paul Delgado
- Grupo Genética Regeneración y Cáncer, Institute of Biology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
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13
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Lewicky JD, Martel AL, Fraleigh NL, Picard E, Mousavifar L, Nakamura A, Diaz-Mitoma F, Roy R, Le HT. Exploiting the DNA Damaging Activity of Liposomal Low Dose Cytarabine for Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122710. [PMID: 36559204 PMCID: PMC9782803 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Perhaps the greatest limitation for the continually advancing developments in cancer immunotherapy remains the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) axis is an emerging immunotherapy target, with the resulting type I interferons and transcription factors acting at several levels in both tumor and immune cells for the generation of adaptive T cell responses. The cGAS-STING axis activation by therapeutic agents that induce DNA damage, such as certain chemotherapies, continues to be reported, highlighting the importance of the interplay of this signaling pathway and the DNA damage response in cancer immunity/immunotherapy. We have developed a multi-targeted mannosylated cationic liposomal immunomodulatory system (DS) which contains low doses of the chemotherapeutic cytarabine (Ara-C). In this work, we show that entrapment of non-cytotoxic doses of Ara-C within the DS improves its ability to induce DNA double strand breaks in human ovarian and colorectal cancer cell lines, as well as in various immune cells. Importantly, for the first time we demonstrate that the DNA damage induced by Ara-C/DS translates into cGAS-STING axis activation. We further demonstrate that Ara-C/DS-mediated DNA damage leads to upregulation of surface expression of immune ligands on cancer cells, coinciding with priming of cytotoxic lymphocytes as assessed using an ex vivo model of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from colorectal cancer patients, as well as an in vitro NK cell model. Overall, the results highlight a broad immunotherapeutic potential for Ara-C/DS by enhancing tumor-directed inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D. Lewicky
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2H2, Canada
| | - Alexandrine L. Martel
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2H2, Canada
| | - Nya L. Fraleigh
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2H2, Canada
| | - Emilie Picard
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2H2, Canada
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Leila Mousavifar
- Glycosciences and Nanomaterial Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Arnaldo Nakamura
- Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie Research Centre, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Francisco Diaz-Mitoma
- Medicinal Sciences Division, NOSM University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - René Roy
- Glycosciences and Nanomaterial Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (H.-T.L.)
| | - Hoang-Thanh Le
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2H2, Canada
- Medicinal Sciences Division, NOSM University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (H.-T.L.)
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14
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Zatopek KM, Potapov V, Ong JL, Gardner AF. Detection and Quantitation of DNA Damage on a Genome-wide Scale Using RADAR-seq. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e595. [PMID: 36374013 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The formation and persistence of DNA damage can impact biological processes such as DNA replication and transcription. To maintain genome stability and integrity, organisms rely on robust DNA damage repair pathways. Techniques to detect and locate DNA damage sites across a genome enable an understanding of the consequences of DNA damage as well as how damage is repaired, which can have key diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Importantly, advancements in technology have enabled the development of high-throughput sequencing-based DNA damage detection methods. These methods require DNA enrichment or amplification steps that limit the ability to quantitate the DNA damage sites. Further, each of these methods is typically tailored to detect only a specific type of damage. RAre DAmage and Repair (RADAR) sequencing is a DNA sequencing workflow that overcomes these limitations and enables detection and quantitation of DNA damage sites in any organism on a genome-wide scale. RADAR-seq works by replacing DNA damage sites with a patch of modified bases that can be directly detected by Pacific Biosciences Single-Molecule Real Time sequencing. Here, we present three protocols that enable detection of thymine dimers and ribonucleotides in bacterial and archaeal genomes. Basic Protocol 1 enables construction of a reference genome required for RADAR-seq analyses. Basic Protocol 2 describes how to locate, quantitate, and compare thymine dimer levels in Escherichia coli exposed to varying amounts of UV light. Basic Protocol 3 describes how to locate, quantitate, and compare ribonucleotide levels in wild-type and ΔRNaseH2 Thermococcus kodakarensis. Importantly, all three protocols provide in-depth steps for data analysis. Together they serve as proof-of-principle experiments that will allow users to adapt the protocols to locate and quantitate a wide variety of DNA damage sites in any organism. © 2022 New England Biolabs. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Constructing a reference genome utilizing SMRT sequencing Basic Protocol 2: Mapping and quantitating genomic thymine dimer formation in untreated versus UV-irradiated E. coli using RADAR-seq Basic Protocol 3: Mapping and quantitating genomic ribonucleotide incorporation in wildtype versus ΔRNaseH2 T. kodakarensis using RADAR-seq.
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15
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Cheng Y, Huang N, Yin Q, Cheng C, Chen D, Gong C, Xiong H, Zhao J, Wang J, Li X, Zhang J, Mao S, Qin K. LncRNA TP53TG1 plays an anti-oncogenic role in cervical cancer by synthetically regulating transcriptome profile in HeLa cells. Front Genet 2022; 13:981030. [PMID: 36267418 PMCID: PMC9576931 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.981030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been extensively studied as important regulators of tumor development in various cancers. Tumor protein 53 target gene 1 (TP53TG1) is a newly identified lncRNA in recent years, and several studies have shown that TP53TG1 may play oncogenic or anti-oncogenic roles in different cancers. Nevertheless, the role of TP53TG1 in the development of cervical cancer is unclear. In our study, pan-cancer analysis showed that high expression of TP53TG1 was significantly associated with a better prognosis. We then constructed a TP53TG1 overexpression model in HeLa cell line to explore its functions and molecular targets. We found that TP53TG1 overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, demonstrating that TP53TG1 may be a novel anti-oncogenic factor in cervical cancer. Furthermore, overexpression of TP53TG1 could activate type I interferon signaling pathways and inhibit the expression of genes involved in DNA damage responses. Meanwhile, TP53TG1 could affect alternative splicing of genes involved in cell proliferation or apoptosis by regulating the expression of many RNA-binding protein genes. Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network analysis demonstrated that TP53TG1 could act as the sponge of several miRNAs to regulate the expression level of target genes. In conclusion, our study highlights the essential role of lncRNA TP53TG1 in the development of cervical cancer and suggests the potential regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qingqing Yin
- Center for Genome Analysis, Wuhan Ruixing Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Center for Genome Analysis, Wuhan Ruixing Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Center for Genome Analysis, Wuhan Ruixing Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Gong
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huihua Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuangshuang Mao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Qin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Qin,
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16
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Qin X, Zhang M, Zhao Z, Du Q, Li Q, Jiang Y, Xue F, Luan Y. A carrier-free photodynamic nanodrug to enable regulation of dendritic cells for boosting cancer immunotherapy. Acta Biomater 2022; 147:366-376. [PMID: 35588995 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Immune response is initiated by dendritic cells (DCs), where the cross-presentation of antigens by DCs determines the activating of cytotoxic T cells. However, the efficacy of DCs-initiated immune response is governed by multiple (cascade) steps of immunogenic cell death (ICD), recruitment of DCs, and cross-presentation of DCs. It is urgent but challenging to achieve a platform for simultaneously regulating these multiple steps, amplifying the immune response against tumors. Herein, we reported a photodynamic nanodrug enabling simultaneous regulation of these multiple steps for realizing powerful immune response. The nanodrug was designed by the co-assembling of chlorin e6 (Ce6), celecoxib and 6-thio-2'-deoxyguanosine (6-thio-dG). In our nanodrug, Ce6 enables induction of ICD, while celecoxib down-regulates the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) for promoting recruitment of DCs enabled by chemokine CCL5 produced from natural killer (NK) cells. Moreover, 6-thio-dG triggers DNA damages in the tumor cells, which in turn activates STING/interferon I pathway for enhancing the cross-presentation ability of DCs. Therefore, an amplified immune therapeutic effect against tumors is achieved, thanks to the simultaneous regulation of these multiple steps. The nanodrug effectively inhibits tumor growth and postoperative recurrence, demonstrating a new approach for boosting immune response initiated by DCs in cancer therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The dendritic cells (DCs)-initiated immune response against tumors is dominated by multiple (cascade) steps including the process of (I) immunogenic cell death (ICD), (II) recruitment of DCs, and (III) cross-presentation of antigens by DCs. Based on this, it is urgent to design a nanoplatform enabling simultaneous regulation of these multiple steps for achieving a potent therapeutic efficacy. A carrier-free photodynamic nanodrug, engineered by a co-assembling approach, was designed to regulate DCs for realizing a powerful DCs-initiated immune response against tumors, thanks to the simultaneous regulation of the above multiple steps. Our nanodrug demonstrated a boosted immune response against tumors, powerfully suppressing primary/abscopal tumor growth and postoperative recurrence, which offers a conceptually innovative strategy for amplifying immunity against tumors.
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17
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Manna S, Ruano CSM, Hegenbarth JC, Vaiman D, Gupta S, McCarthy FP, Méhats C, McCarthy C, Apicella C, Scheel J. Computational Models on Pathological Redox Signalling Driven by Pregnancy: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030585. [PMID: 35326235 PMCID: PMC8945226 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with a myriad of diseases including pregnancy pathologies with long-term cardiovascular repercussions for both the mother and baby. Aberrant redox signalling coupled with deficient antioxidant defence leads to chronic molecular impairment. Abnormal placentation has been considered the primary source for reactive species; however, placental dysfunction has been deemed secondary to maternal cardiovascular maladaptation in pregnancy. While various therapeutic interventions, aimed at combating deregulated oxidative stress during pregnancy have shown promise in experimental models, they often result as inconclusive or detrimental in clinical trials, warranting the need for further research to identify candidates. The strengths and limitations of current experimental methods in redox research are discussed. Assessment of redox status and oxidative stress in experimental models and in clinical practice remains challenging; the state-of-the-art of computational models in this field is presented in this review, comparing static and dynamic models which provide functional information such as protein-protein interactions, as well as the impact of changes in molecular species on the redox-status of the system, respectively. Enhanced knowledge of redox biology in during pregnancy through computational modelling such as generation of Systems Biology Markup Language model which integrates existing models to a larger network in the context of placenta physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samprikta Manna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, University College Cork, T12 YE02 Cork, Ireland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Camino S. M. Ruano
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.S.M.R.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Jana-Charlotte Hegenbarth
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6211 KH Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.S.M.R.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Shailendra Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Rostock University, 18051 Rostock, Germany; (S.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Fergus P. McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, University College Cork, T12 YE02 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Céline Méhats
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.S.M.R.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Cathal McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;
| | - Clara Apicella
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.S.M.R.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Julia Scheel
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Rostock University, 18051 Rostock, Germany; (S.G.); (J.S.)
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18
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Nicoletto RE, Ofner CM. Cytotoxic mechanisms of doxorubicin at clinically relevant concentrations in breast cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 89:285-311. [PMID: 35150291 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04400-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic agent frequently used for the treatment of a variety of tumor types, such as breast cancer. Despite the long history of DOX, the mechanistic details of its cytotoxic action remain controversial. Rather than one key mechanism of cytotoxic action, DOX is characterized by multiple mechanisms, such as (1) DNA intercalation and adduct formation, (2) topoisomerase II (TopII) poisoning, (3) the generation of free radicals and oxidative stress, and (4) membrane damage through altered sphingolipid metabolism. Many past reviews of DOX cytotoxicity are based on supraclinical concentrations, and several have addressed the concentration dependence of these mechanisms. In addition, most reviews lack a focus on the time dependence of these processes. We aim to update the concentration and time-dependent trends of DOX mechanisms at representative clinical concentrations. Furthermore, attention is placed on DOX behavior in breast cancer cells due to the frequent use of DOX to treat this disease. This review provides insight into the mechanistic pathway(s) of DOX at levels found within patients and establishes the magnitude of effect for each mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Nicoletto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 600 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19101-4495, USA
| | - Clyde M Ofner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 600 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19101-4495, USA.
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19
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Singh V, Johansson P, Ekedahl E, Lin YL, Hammarsten O, Westerlund F. Quantification of single-strand DNA lesions caused by the topoisomerase II poison etoposide using single DNA molecule imaging. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 594:57-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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20
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Signal-on/signal-off bead-based assays for the multiplexed monitoring of base excision repair activities by flow cytometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2029-2040. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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21
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Tang MS, Lee HW, Weng MW, Wang HT, Hu Y, Chen LC, Park SH, Chan HW, Xu J, Wu XR, Wang H, Yang R, Galdane K, Jackson K, Chu A, Halzack E. DNA damage, DNA repair and carcinogenicity: Tobacco smoke versus electronic cigarette aerosol. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 789:108409. [PMID: 35690412 PMCID: PMC9208310 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The allure of tobacco smoking is linked to the instant gratification provided by inhaled nicotine. Unfortunately, tobacco curing and burning generates many mutagens including more than 70 carcinogens. There are two types of mutagens and carcinogens in tobacco smoke (TS): direct DNA damaging carcinogens and procarcinogens, which require metabolic activation to become DNA damaging. Recent studies provide three new insights on TS-induced DNA damage. First, two major types of TS DNA damage are induced by direct carcinogen aldehydes, cyclic-1,N2-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (γ-OH-PdG) and α-methyl-1, N2-γ-OH-PdG, rather than by the procarcinogens, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic amines. Second, TS reduces DNA repair proteins and activity levels. TS aldehydes also prevent procarcinogen activation. Based on these findings, we propose that aldehydes are major sources of TS induce DNA damage and a driving force for carcinogenesis. E-cigarettes (E-cigs) are designed to deliver nicotine in an aerosol state, without burning tobacco. E-cigarette aerosols (ECAs) contain nicotine, propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin. ECAs induce O6-methyl-deoxyguanosines (O6-medG) and cyclic γ-hydroxy-1,N2--propano-dG (γ-OH-PdG) in mouse lung, heart and bladder tissues and causes a reduction of DNA repair proteins and activity in lungs. Nicotine and nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) induce the same types of DNA adducts and cause DNA repair inhibition in human cells. After long-term exposure, ECAs induce lung adenocarcinoma and bladder urothelial hyperplasia in mice. We propose that E-cig nicotine can be nitrosated in mouse and human cells becoming nitrosamines, thereby causing two carcinogenic effects, induction of DNA damage and inhibition of DNA repair, and that ECA is carcinogenic in mice. Thus, this article reviews the newest literature on DNA adducts and DNA repair inhibition induced by nicotine and ECAs in mice and cultured human cells, and provides insights into ECA carcinogenicity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Shong Tang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States.
| | - Hyun-Wook Lee
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Mao-Wen Weng
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Hsiang-Tsui Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Lung-Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Sung-Hyun Park
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Huei-Wei Chan
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Jiheng Xu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Xue-Ru Wu
- Departmemt of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016, United States
| | - He Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson MedicalSchool, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Karen Galdane
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Kathryn Jackson
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Annie Chu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Elizabeth Halzack
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
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22
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D-Kondo N, Moreno-Barbosa E, Štěphán V, Stefanová K, Perrot Y, Villagrasa C, Incerti S, De Celis Alonso B, Schuemann J, Faddegon B, Ramos-Méndez J. DNA damage modeled with Geant4-DNA: effects of plasmid DNA conformation and experimental conditions. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66. [PMID: 34787099 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac3a22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The chemical stage of the Monte Carlo track-structure (MCTS) code Geant4-DNA was extended for its use in DNA strand break (SB) simulations and compared against published experimental data. Geant4-DNA simulations were performed using pUC19 plasmids (2686 base pairs) in a buffered solution of DMSO irradiated by60Co or137Csγ-rays. A comprehensive evaluation of SSB yields was performed considering DMSO, DNA concentration, dose and plasmid supercoiling. The latter was measured using the super helix density value used in a Brownian dynamics plasmid generation algorithm. The Geant4-DNA implementation of the independent reaction times method (IRT), developed to simulate the reaction kinetics of radiochemical species, allowed to score the fraction of supercoiled, relaxed and linearized plasmid fractions as a function of the absorbed dose. The percentage of the number of SB after •OH + DNA and H• + DNA reactions, referred as SSB efficiency, obtained using MCTS were 13.77% and 0.74% respectively. This is in reasonable agreement with published values of 12% and 0.8%. The SSB yields as a function of DMSO concentration, DNA concentration and super helix density recreated the expected published experimental behaviors within 5%, one standard deviation. The dose response of SSB and DSB yields agreed with published measurements within 5%, one standard deviation. We demonstrated that the developed extension of IRT in Geant4-DNA, facilitated the reproduction of experimental conditions. Furthermore, its calculations were strongly in agreement with experimental data. These two facts will facilitate the use of this extension in future radiobiological applications, aiding the study of DNA damage mechanisms with a high level of detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D-Kondo
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Sciences, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - E Moreno-Barbosa
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Sciences, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - V Štěphán
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K Stefanová
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Y Perrot
- Laboratoire de Dosimétrie des Rayonnements Ionisants, Institut de Radioprotection et Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay aux Roses, BP. 17, F-92262, France
| | - C Villagrasa
- Laboratoire de Dosimétrie des Rayonnements Ionisants, Institut de Radioprotection et Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay aux Roses, BP. 17, F-92262, France
| | - S Incerti
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | - B De Celis Alonso
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Sciences, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - J Schuemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusets General Hospital and Hardvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - B Faddegon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - J Ramos-Méndez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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23
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Gomez Martinez AE, Herr AE. Programmed Cell-Death Mechanism Analysis Using Same-Cell, Multimode DNA and Proteoform Electrophoresis. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2021; 1:139-146. [PMID: 34939076 PMCID: PMC8679084 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Gaining insight into the timing of cell apoptosis events requires single-cell-resolution measurements of cell viability. We explore the supposition that mechanism-based scrutiny of programmed cell death would benefit from same-cell analysis of both the DNA state (intact vs fragmented) and the protein states, specifically the full-length vs cleaved state of the DNA-repair protein PARP1, which is cleaved by caspase-3 during caspase-dependent apoptosis. To make this same-cell, multimode measurement, we introduce the single-cell electrophoresis-based viability and protein (SEVAP) assay. Using SEVAP, we (1) isolate human breast cancer SKBR3 cells in microwells molded in thin polyacrylamide gels, (2) electrophoretically separate protein molecular states and DNA molecular states-using differences in electrophoretic mobility-from each single-cell lysate, and (3) perform in-gel DNA staining and PARP1 immunoprobing. Performed in an open microfluidic device, SEVAP scrutinized hundreds to thousands of individual SKBR3 cells. In each single-cell lysate separation, SEVAP baseline-resolved fragmented DNA from intact DNA (R s = 5.17) as well as cleaved PARP1 from full-length PARP1 (R s = 0.66). Comparing apoptotic and viable cells showed statistically similar profiles (expression, mobility, peak width) of housekeeping protein β-tubulin (Mann-Whitney U test). Clustering and cross-correlation analysis of DNA migration and PARP1 migration identified nonapoptotic vs apoptotic cells. Clustering analysis further suggested that cleaved PARP1 is a suitable apoptosis marker for this system. SEVAP is an efficient, multimode, end-point assay designed to elucidate cell-to-cell heterogeneity in mechanism-specific signaling during programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana E. Gomez Martinez
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The
University of California Berkeley and University of California San
Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Amy E. Herr
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The
University of California Berkeley and University of California San
Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chan
Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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24
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Penninckx S, Pariset E, Cekanaviciute E, Costes SV. Quantification of radiation-induced DNA double strand break repair foci to evaluate and predict biological responses to ionizing radiation. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcab046. [PMID: 35692378 PMCID: PMC8693576 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced foci (RIF) are nuclear puncta visualized by immunostaining of proteins that regulate DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair after exposure to ionizing radiation. RIF are a standard metric for measuring DSB formation and repair in clinical, environmental and space radiobiology. The time course and dose dependence of their formation has great potential to predict in vivo responses to ionizing radiation, predisposition to cancer and probability of adverse reactions to radiotherapy. However, increasing complexity of experimentally and therapeutically setups (charged particle, FLASH …) is associated with several confounding factors that must be taken into account when interpreting RIF values. In this review, we discuss the spatiotemporal characteristics of RIF development after irradiation, addressing the common confounding factors, including cell proliferation and foci merging. We also describe the relevant endpoints and mathematical models that enable accurate biological interpretation of RIF formation and resolution. Finally, we discuss the use of RIF as a biomarker for quantification and prediction of in vivo radiation responses, including important caveats relating to the choice of the biological endpoint and the detection method. This review intends to help scientific community design radiobiology experiments using RIF as a key metric and to provide suggestions for their biological interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Penninckx
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Medical Physics Department, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 Rue Héger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eloise Pariset
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, 615 National Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Egle Cekanaviciute
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Sylvain V Costes
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 650 604 5343;
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25
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Atkin ND, Raimer HM, Wang Z, Zang C, Wang YH. Assessing acute myeloid leukemia susceptibility in rearrangement-driven patients by DNA breakage at topoisomerase II and CCCTC-binding factor/cohesin binding sites. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2021; 60:808-821. [PMID: 34405474 PMCID: PMC8511143 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An initiating DNA double strand break (DSB) event precedes the formation of cancer-driven chromosomal abnormalities, such as gene rearrangements. Therefore, measuring DNA breaks at rearrangement-participating regions can provide a unique tool to identify and characterize susceptible individuals. Here, we developed a highly sensitive and low-input DNA break mapping method, the first of its kind for patient samples. We then measured genome-wide DNA breakage in normal cells of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with KMT2A (previously MLL) rearrangements, compared to that of nonfusion AML individuals, as a means to evaluate individual susceptibility to gene rearrangements. DNA breakage at the KMT2A gene region was significantly greater in fusion-driven remission individuals, as compared to nonfusion individuals. Moreover, we identified select topoisomerase II (TOP2)-sensitive and CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)/cohesin-binding sites with preferential DNA breakage in fusion-driven patients. Importantly, measuring DSBs at these sites, in addition to the KMT2A gene region, provided greater predictive power when assessing individual break susceptibility. We also demonstrated that low-dose etoposide exposure further elevated DNA breakage at these regions in fusion-driven AML patients, but not in nonfusion patients, indicating that these sites are preferentially sensitive to TOP2 activity in fusion-driven AML patients. These results support that mapping of DSBs in patients enables discovery of novel break-prone regions and monitoring of individuals susceptible to chromosomal abnormalities, and thus cancer. This will build the foundation for early detection of cancer-susceptible individuals, as well as those preferentially susceptible to therapy-related malignancies caused by treatment with TOP2 poisons.
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MESH Headings
- Binding Sites/genetics
- CCCTC-Binding Factor/blood
- CCCTC-Binding Factor/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/blood
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/blood
- Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/genetics
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/blood
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics
- Chromosome Aberrations
- DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded/drug effects
- DNA Repair/genetics
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/blood
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/blood
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Etoposide/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement/genetics
- Genome, Human/genetics
- HeLa Cells
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/blood
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/blood
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins/blood
- Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins/genetics
- Cohesins
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi D. Atkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0733, USA
| | - Heather M. Raimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0733, USA
| | - Zhenjia Wang
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0733, USA
| | - Chongzhi Zang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0733, USA
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0733, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0733, USA
| | - Yuh-Hwa Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0733, USA
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26
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Tice RR, Bassan A, Amberg A, Anger LT, Beal MA, Bellion P, Benigni R, Birmingham J, Brigo A, Bringezu F, Ceriani L, Crooks I, Cross K, Elespuru R, Faulkner DM, Fortin MC, Fowler P, Frericks M, Gerets HHJ, Jahnke GD, Jones DR, Kruhlak NL, Lo Piparo E, Lopez-Belmonte J, Luniwal A, Luu A, Madia F, Manganelli S, Manickam B, Mestres J, Mihalchik-Burhans AL, Neilson L, Pandiri A, Pavan M, Rider CV, Rooney JP, Trejo-Martin A, Watanabe-Sailor KH, White AT, Woolley D, Myatt GJ. In Silico Approaches In Carcinogenicity Hazard Assessment: Current Status and Future Needs. COMPUTATIONAL TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 20. [PMID: 35368437 DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2021.100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Historically, identifying carcinogens has relied primarily on tumor studies in rodents, which require enormous resources in both money and time. In silico models have been developed for predicting rodent carcinogens but have not yet found general regulatory acceptance, in part due to the lack of a generally accepted protocol for performing such an assessment as well as limitations in predictive performance and scope. There remains a need for additional, improved in silico carcinogenicity models, especially ones that are more human-relevant, for use in research and regulatory decision-making. As part of an international effort to develop in silico toxicological protocols, a consortium of toxicologists, computational scientists, and regulatory scientists across several industries and governmental agencies evaluated the extent to which in silico models exist for each of the recently defined 10 key characteristics (KCs) of carcinogens. This position paper summarizes the current status of in silico tools for the assessment of each KC and identifies the data gaps that need to be addressed before a comprehensive in silico carcinogenicity protocol can be developed for regulatory use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond R Tice
- RTice Consulting, Hillsborough, North Carolina, 27278, USA
| | | | - Alexander Amberg
- Sanofi Preclinical Safety, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lennart T Anger
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Marc A Beal
- Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Government of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Birmingham
- GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre for R&D, Ware, Hertfordshire, SG12 0DP, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Brigo
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation, Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lidia Ceriani
- Humane Society International, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ian Crooks
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd, GR&D Centre, Southampton, SO15 8TL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rosalie Elespuru
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - David M Faulkner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Marie C Fortin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08855, USA
| | - Paul Fowler
- FSTox Consulting (Genetic Toxicology), Northamptonshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Gloria D Jahnke
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | | | - Naomi L Kruhlak
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Elena Lo Piparo
- Chemical Food Safety Group, Nestlé Research, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Juan Lopez-Belmonte
- Cuts Ice Ltd Chemical Food Safety Group, Nestlé Research, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Amarjit Luniwal
- North American Science Associates (NAMSA) Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55426, USA
| | - Alice Luu
- Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Government of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Federica Madia
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Serena Manganelli
- Chemical Food Safety Group, Nestlé Research, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | | | - Jordi Mestres
- IMIM Institut Hospital Del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; and Chemotargets SL, Baldiri Reixac 4, Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Louise Neilson
- Broughton Nicotine Services, Oak Tree House, Earby, Lancashire, BB18 6JZ United Kingdom
| | - Arun Pandiri
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | | | - Cynthia V Rider
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - John P Rooney
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC., Morrisville, North Carolina, 27560, USA
| | | | - Karen H Watanabe-Sailor
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, West Campus, Glendale, Arizona, 85306, USA
| | - Angela T White
- GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre for R&D, Ware, Hertfordshire, SG12 0DP, United Kingdom
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27
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Khalili F, Vafaee M, Shokri B. Attosecond charge migration following oxygen K-shell ionization in DNA bases and base pairs. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:23005-23013. [PMID: 34611693 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02920g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Core ionization of DNA begins a cascade of events which could lead to cellular inactivation or death. The created core-hole following an impulse inner-shell ionization of molecules naturally decays in the auger timescale. We simulated charge migration (CM) phenomena following an impulsive core ionization of individual DNA bases at the oxygen K-edge which occurs before Auger decay of the oxygen. Our approach is based on real-time time dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT). It is shown that the pronounced hole fluctuation observed around bonds of the initial core-hole results in various valence orbital migrations. Also, the same photo-core-ionized dynamics is studied for the related base pairs. We investigate the role of base pairing and H-bonding interactions in the attosecond CM dynamics. In particular, the creation of a core-hole in the oxygen involved in H-bonding leads to an enhancement of charge migration relative to the respective single bases. Importantly, the hole oscillation of the adenine-thymine base pair upon creation of a core-hole at the oxygen, which does not contribute to the donor-acceptor interactions (not H-bonded), decreases compared to the single thymine base. Understanding the detailed dynamics of the localized core-hole initiating CM process would open the way for chemically controlling DNA damage/repair in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khalili
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Velenjak, Tehran 19839, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Vafaee
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Babak Shokri
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Velenjak, Tehran 19839, Iran. .,Laser-Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Velenjak, Tehran 19839, Iran
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28
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Gibson M. A systematic review of the relationship between night shift work and oxidative stress. Chronobiol Int 2021; 39:285-298. [PMID: 34647825 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1989446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Night shift workers make up an essential part of the modern workforce. However, night shift workers have higher incidences of late in life diseases and earlier mortality. Night shift workers experience circadian rhythm disruption due to working overnight. Sleep disruption is thought to increase oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance of excess pro-oxidative factors and reactive oxygen species over anti-oxidative activity. Oxidative stress can damage cells, proteins and DNA and can eventually lead to varied chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's and dementia. This review aimed to understand whether night shift workers were at greater risk of oxidative stress. Twelve correlational studies published in 2001-2019 were included in the review that measured the levels of oxidative stress indicators from working a single night shift as well as comparisons between those who regularly work night shifts and only day shifts. All studies had evidence to support the relationship between working night shifts and increased oxidative stress indicators. Specifically, night shift work was associated with increased DNA damage, reduced DNA repair capacity, increased lipid peroxidation, higher levels of reactive oxygen species, and to a lesser extent, a reduction in antioxidant defence. These results suggest a potential link between circadian rhythm disruption in night shift workers with oxidative stress and therefore disease. However, this review is limited by having no longitudinal or experimental studies. Further research is required to infer causality. This further research is recommended to promote the long-term health of night shift workers.
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29
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Apoptotic mechanisms of myricitrin isolated from Madhuca longifolia leaves in HL-60 leukemia cells. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5327-5334. [PMID: 34156605 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Myricitrin, a naturally occurring flavonoid in Madhuca longifolia, possesses several medicinal properties. Even though our earlier work revealed its role against the proliferation of acute myelogenous leukemia cells (HL-60), its molecular mechanisms have not yet been revealed. The current study aims to explore the molecular mechanisms of myricitrin (isolated from an ethnomedicinal drug Madhuca longifolia) to induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Treatment with IC-50 dose of myricitrin (353 µM) caused cellular shrinkage and cell wall damage in HL-60 cells compared to untreated control cells. Myricitrin treatment reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (22.95%), increased DNA fragmentation (90.4%), inhibited the cell survival proteins (RAS, B-RAF, & BCL-2) and also induced pro-apoptotic proteins (p38, pro-caspase-3, pro-caspase-9 and caspase-3) in the HL-60 cells. The present study provides scientific evidence for the apoptosis caused by myricitrin in HL-60 leukemia cells. Hence, the phytochemical myricitrin could be considered as a potential candidate to develop an anticancer drug after checking its efficacy through suitable pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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30
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Singh V, Johansson P, Lin YL, Hammarsten O, Westerlund F. Shining light on single-strand lesions caused by the chemotherapy drug bleomycin. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 105:103153. [PMID: 34119948 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of the DNA damage induced by chemotherapy in patient cells may aid in personalization of the dose used. However, assays to evaluate individual patient response to chemotherapy are not available today. Here, we present an assay that quantifies single-stranded lesions caused by the chemotherapeutic drug Bleomycin (BLM) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from healthy individuals. We use base excision repair (BER) enzymes to process the DNA damage induced by BLM and then extend the processed sites with fluorescent nucleotides using a DNA polymerase. The fluorescent patches are quantified on single DNA molecules using fluorescence microscopy. Using the assay, we observe a significant variation in the in vitro induced BLM damage and its repair for different individuals. Treatment of the cells with the BER inhibitor CRT0044876 leads to a lower level of repair of BLM-induced damage, indicating the ability of the assay to detect a compromised DNA repair in patients. Overall, the data suggest that our assay could be used to sensitively detect the variation in BLM-induced DNA damage and repair in patients and can potentially be able to aid in personalizing patient doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Singh
- Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Pegah Johansson
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yii-Lih Lin
- Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Hammarsten
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Westerlund
- Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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31
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Miriklis EL, Rozario AM, Rothenberg E, Bell TDM, Whelan DR. Understanding DNA organization, damage, and repair with super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2021; 9. [PMID: 33765677 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/abf239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) comprises a suite of techniques well-suited to probing the nanoscale landscape of genomic function and dysfunction. Offering the specificity and sensitivity that has made conventional fluorescence microscopy a cornerstone technique of biological research, SRM allows for spatial resolutions as good as 10 nanometers. Moreover, single molecule localization microscopies (SMLMs) enable examination of individual molecular targets and nanofoci allowing for the characterization of subpopulations within a single cell. This review describes how key advances in both SRM techniques and sample preparation have enabled unprecedented insights into DNA structure and function, and highlights many of these new discoveries. Ongoing development and application of these novel, highly interdisciplinary SRM assays will continue to expand the toolbox available for research into the nanoscale genomic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Toby D M Bell
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Donna R Whelan
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
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32
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Fujiwara Y, Matsunaga S, Sakamoto T. Next Generation Sequence-based Technologies for Analyzing DNA Strand Breaks. CYTOLOGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.86.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yui Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Sachihiro Matsunaga
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Toyo
| | - Takuya Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
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33
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Ventura JA, Donoghue JF, Nowell CJ, Cann LM, Day LRJ, Smyth LML, Forrester HB, Rogers PAW, Crosbie JC. The γH2AX DSB marker may not be a suitable biodosimeter to measure the biological MRT valley dose. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:642-656. [PMID: 33617395 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1893854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE γH2AX biodosimetry has been proposed as an alternative dosimetry method for microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) because conventional dosimeters, such as ionization chambers, lack the spatial resolution required to accurately measure the MRT valley dose. Here we investigated whether γH2AX biodosimetry should be used to measure the biological valley dose of MRT-irradiated mammalian cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We irradiated human skin fibroblasts and mouse skin flaps with synchrotron MRT and broad beam (BB) radiation. BB doses of 1-5 Gy were used to generate a calibration curve in order to estimate the biological MRT valley dose using the γH2AX assay. RESULTS Our key finding was that MRT induced a non-linear dose response compared to BB, where doses 2-3 times greater showed the same level of DNA DSB damage in the valley in cell and tissue studies. This indicates that γH2AX may not be an appropriate biodosimeter to estimate the biological valley doses of MRT-irradiated samples. We also established foci yields of 5.9 ± 0 . 04 and 27.4 ± 2 . 5 foci/cell/Gy in mouse skin tissue and human fibroblasts respectively, induced by BB. Using Monte Carlo simulations, a linear dose response was seen in cell and tissue studies and produced predicted peak-to-valley dose ratios (PVDRs) of ∼30 and ∼107 for human fibroblasts and mouse skin tissue respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our report highlights novel MRT radiobiology, attempts to explain why γH2AX may not be an appropriate biodosimeter and suggests further studies aimed at revealing the biological and cellular communication mechanisms that drive the normal tissue sparing effect, which is characteristic of MRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Ventura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jacqueline F Donoghue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Cameron J Nowell
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Leonie M Cann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Liam R J Day
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lloyd M L Smyth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Helen B Forrester
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Peter A W Rogers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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34
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Chatgilialoglu C, Ferreri C, Krokidis MG, Masi A, Terzidis MA. On the relevance of hydroxyl radical to purine DNA damage. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:384-404. [PMID: 33494618 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1876855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical (HO•) is the most reactive toward DNA among the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in aerobic organisms by cellular metabolisms. HO• is generated also by exogenous sources such as ionizing radiations. In this review we focus on the purine DNA damage by HO• radicals. In particular, emphasis is given on mechanistic aspects for the various lesion formation and their interconnections. Although the majority of the purine DNA lesions like 8-oxo-purine (8-oxo-Pu) are generated by various ROS (including HO•), the formation of 5',8-cyclopurine (cPu) lesions in vitro and in vivo relies exclusively on the HO• attack. Methodologies generally utilized for the purine lesions quantification in biological samples are reported and critically discussed. Recent results on cPu and 8-oxo-Pu lesions quantification in various types of biological specimens associated with the cellular repair efficiency as well as with distinct pathologies are presented, providing some insights on their biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy.,Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Carla Ferreri
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marios G Krokidis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Annalisa Masi
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy.,Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Michael A Terzidis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
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35
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Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most deleterious type of DNA damage and a cause of genetic instability as they can lead to mutations, genome rearrangements, or loss of genetic material when not properly repaired. Eukaryotes from budding yeast to mammalian cells respond to the formation of DSBs with the immediate phosphorylation of a histone H2A isoform. The modified histone, phosphorylated in serine 139 in mammals (S129 in yeast), is named γ-H2AX. Detection of DSBs is of high relevance in research on DNA repair, aging, tumorigenesis, and cancer drug development, given the tight association of DSBs with different diseases and its potential to kill cells. DSB levels can be obtained by measuring levels of γ-H2AX in extracts of cell populations or by counting foci in individual nuclei. In this chapter some techniques to detect γ-H2AX are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia I Barroso
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, CABIMER, University of Seville-CSIC-UPO, Seville, Spain
| | - Andrés Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, CABIMER, University of Seville-CSIC-UPO, Seville, Spain.
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36
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Radiation, a two-edged sword: From untoward effects to fractionated radiotherapy. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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37
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An optimized comet-based in vitro DNA repair assay to assess base and nucleotide excision repair activity. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:3844-3878. [PMID: 33199871 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This optimized protocol (including links to instruction videos) describes a comet-based in vitro DNA repair assay that is relatively simple, versatile, and inexpensive, enabling the detection of base and nucleotide excision repair activity. Protein extracts from samples are incubated with agarose-embedded substrate nucleoids ('naked' supercoiled DNA) containing specifically induced DNA lesions (e.g., resulting from oxidation, UVC radiation or benzo[a]pyrene-diol epoxide treatment). DNA incisions produced during the incubation reaction are quantified as strand breaks after electrophoresis, reflecting the extract's incision activity. The method has been applied in cell culture model systems, human biomonitoring and clinical investigations, and animal studies, using isolated blood cells and various solid tissues. Once extracts and substrates are prepared, the assay can be completed within 2 d.
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38
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Nikitaki Z, Pariset E, Sudar D, Costes SV, Georgakilas AG. In Situ Detection of Complex DNA Damage Using Microscopy: A Rough Road Ahead. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3288. [PMID: 33172046 PMCID: PMC7694657 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexity of DNA damage is considered currently one if not the primary instigator of biological responses and determinant of short and long-term effects in organisms and their offspring. In this review, we focus on the detection of complex (clustered) DNA damage (CDD) induced for example by ionizing radiation (IR) and in some cases by high oxidative stress. We perform a short historical perspective in the field, emphasizing the microscopy-based techniques and methodologies for the detection of CDD at the cellular level. We extend this analysis on the pertaining methodology of surrogate protein markers of CDD (foci) colocalization and provide a unique synthesis of imaging parameters, software, and different types of microscopy used. Last but not least, we critically discuss the main advances and necessary future direction for the better detection of CDD, with important outcomes in biological and clinical setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharenia Nikitaki
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, DNA Damage Laboratory, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Eloise Pariset
- Space Biosciences Division, Radiation Biophysics Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; (E.P.); (S.V.C.)
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Damir Sudar
- Life Sciences Department, Quantitative Imaging Systems LLC, Portland, OR 97209, USA;
| | - Sylvain V. Costes
- Space Biosciences Division, Radiation Biophysics Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; (E.P.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Alexandros G. Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, DNA Damage Laboratory, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Zografou, Athens, Greece
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39
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Bouwman BAM, Agostini F, Garnerone S, Petrosino G, Gothe HJ, Sayols S, Moor AE, Itzkovitz S, Bienko M, Roukos V, Crosetto N. Genome-wide detection of DNA double-strand breaks by in-suspension BLISS. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:3894-3941. [PMID: 33139954 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0397-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
sBLISS (in-suspension breaks labeling in situ and sequencing) is a versatile and widely applicable method for identification of endogenous and induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in any cell type that can be brought into suspension. sBLISS provides genome-wide profiles of the most consequential DNA lesion implicated in a variety of pathological, but also physiological, processes. In sBLISS, after in situ labeling, DSB ends are linearly amplified, followed by next-generation sequencing and DSB landscape analysis. Here, we present a step-by-step experimental protocol for sBLISS, as well as a basic computational analysis. The main advantages of sBLISS are (i) the suspension setup, which renders the protocol user-friendly and easily scalable; (ii) the possibility of adapting it to a high-throughput or single-cell workflow; and (iii) its flexibility and its applicability to virtually every cell type, including patient-derived cells, organoids, and isolated nuclei. The wet-lab protocol can be completed in 1.5 weeks and is suitable for researchers with intermediate expertise in molecular biology and genomics. For the computational analyses, basic-to-intermediate bioinformatics expertise is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta A M Bouwman
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Federico Agostini
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silvano Garnerone
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Sergi Sayols
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas E Moor
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shalev Itzkovitz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Magda Bienko
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Nicola Crosetto
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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40
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O’Mahoney P, McGuire VA, Dawe RS, Eadie E, Ibbotson SH. Research Techniques Made Simple: Experimental UVR Exposure. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2099-2104.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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Valdiglesias V, Sánchez-Flores M, Fernández-Bertólez N, Au W, Pásaro E, Laffon B. Expanded usage of the Challenge-Comet assay as a DNA repair biomarker in human populations: protocols for fresh and cryopreserved blood samples, and for different challenge agents. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:4219-4228. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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42
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Zilio N, Ulrich HD. Exploring the SSBreakome: genome-wide mapping of DNA single-strand breaks by next-generation sequencing. FEBS J 2020; 288:3948-3961. [PMID: 32965079 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mapping the genome-wide distribution of DNA lesions is key to understanding damage signalling and DNA repair in the context of genome and chromatin structure. Analytical tools based on high-throughput next-generation sequencing have revolutionized our progress with such investigations, and numerous methods are now available for various base lesions and modifications as well as for DNA double-strand breaks. Considering that single-strand breaks are by far the most common type of lesion and arise not only from exposure to exogenous DNA-damaging agents, but also as obligatory intermediates of DNA replication, recombination and repair, it is surprising that our insight into their genome-wide patterns, that is the 'SSBreakome', has remained rather obscure until recently, due to a lack of suitable mapping technology. Here we briefly review classical methods for analysing single-strand breaks and discuss and compare in detail a series of recently developed high-resolution approaches for the genome-wide mapping of these lesions, their advantages and limitations and how they have already provided valuable insight into the impact of this type of damage on the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Zilio
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB) gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Helle D Ulrich
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB) gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
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43
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Lycopene Protects against Smoking-Induced Lung Cancer by Inducing Base Excision Repair. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070643. [PMID: 32708354 PMCID: PMC7402151 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress plays a critical role in lung cancer progression. Carotenoids are efficient antioxidants. The objective of this study was to explore the efficacy of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and carotenoids in cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress within A549 human lung cancer epithelial cells. Methods: A549 cells were pretreated with 1-nM, 10-nM, 100-nM, 1-μM and 10-μM ATRA, β-carotene (BC) and lycopene for 24 h, followed by exposure to cigarette smoke using a smoking chamber. Results: The OxyBlot analysis showed that smoking significantly increased oxidative stress, which was inhibited by lycopene at 1 nM and 10 nM (p < 0.05). In the cells exposed to smoke, lycopene increased 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) expression at 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM, and 1 μM (p < 0.05), but not at 10 μM. Lycopene at lower doses also improved Nei like DNA glycosylases (NEIL1, NEIL2, NEIL3), and connexin-43 (Cx43) protein levels (p < 0.05). Interestingly, lycopene at lower concentrations promoted OGG1 expression within the cells exposed to smoke to an even greater extent than the cells not exposed to smoke (p < 0.01). This may be attributed to the increased SR-B1 mRNA levels with cigarette smoke exposure (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Lycopene treatment at a lower dosage could inhibit smoke-induced oxidative stress and promote genome stability. These novel findings will shed light on the molecular mechanism of lycopene action against lung cancer.
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44
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Abstract
Environmental exposures have long been known to impact public health and safety. For example, exposures to airborne particulates, heavy metals in water, or certain industrial chemicals can contribute to aging and to risk of developing cancer and other diseases. Environmental factors can impact health in a variety of ways, but a key concern is DNA damage, which can lead to mutations that cause cancer. Cancer can take years to develop following chemical exposure; however, one way to predict carcinogenicity in a more practical time frame is by studying the chemical's ability to induce DNA damage. The comet assay (or single-cell gel electrophoresis assay) has been used successfully for genotoxicity testing. The comet assay allows for the detection of DNA strand breaks via analysis of DNA migration during electrophoresis. Previously, the Engelward laboratory, in collaboration with the Bhatia laboratory, developed the CometChip for measurements of DNA damage and repair. The CometChip is a high-throughput comet assay that improves user reproducibility and significantly shortens total assay time. Here, we describe how the high-throughput CometChip platform can be used to measure DNA damage in established cell lines, animal models, and human samples. We also discuss technical challenges associated with these studies and provide recommendations on how to achieve optimal results for researchers interested in adopting this assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Chao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Bevin P. Engelward
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
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45
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Singh V, Johansson P, Torchinsky D, Lin YL, Öz R, Ebenstein Y, Hammarsten O, Westerlund F. Quantifying DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation and hyperthermia using single DNA molecule imaging. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100822. [PMID: 32652469 PMCID: PMC7350159 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is a common mode of cancer therapy, where DNA damage is the major reason of cell death. Here, we use an assay based on fluorescence imaging of single damaged DNA molecules isolated from radiated lymphocytes, to quantify IR induced DNA damage. The assay uses a cocktail of DNA-repair enzymes that recognizes and excises DNA lesions and then a polymerase and a ligase incorporate fluorescent nucleotides at the damage sites, resulting in a fluorescent “spot” at each site. The individual fluorescent spots can then be counted along single stretched DNA molecules and the global level of DNA damage can be quantified. Our results demonstrate that inclusion of the human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) in the enzyme cocktail increases the sensitivity of the assay for detection of IR induced damage significantly. This optimized assay also allowed detection of a cooperative increase in DNA damage when IR was combined with mild hyperthermia, which is sometimes used as an adjuvant in IR therapy. Finally, we discuss how the method may be used to identify patients that are sensitive to IR and other types of DNA damaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Singh
- Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pegah Johansson
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dmitry Torchinsky
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yii-Lih Lin
- Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robin Öz
- Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yuval Ebenstein
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Ola Hammarsten
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Westerlund
- Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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46
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Guardamagna I, Bassi E, Savio M, Perucca P, Cazzalini O, Prosperi E, Stivala LA. A functional in vitro cell-free system for studying DNA repair in isolated nuclei. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs240010. [PMID: 32376788 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of DNA repair is an important endpoint measurement when studying the biochemical mechanisms of the DNA damage response and when investigating the efficacy of chemotherapy, which often uses DNA-damaging compounds. Numerous in vitro methods to biochemically characterize DNA repair mechanisms have been developed so far. However, such methods have some limitations, which are mainly due to the lack of chromatin organization in the DNA templates used. Here we describe a functional cell-free system to study DNA repair synthesis in vitro, using G1-phase nuclei isolated from human cells treated with different genotoxic agents. Upon incubation in the corresponding damage-activated cytosolic extracts, containing biotinylated dUTP, nuclei were able to initiate DNA repair synthesis. The use of specific DNA synthesis inhibitors markedly decreased biotinylated dUTP incorporation, indicating the specificity of the repair response. Exogenously added human recombinant PCNA protein, but not the sensors of UV-DNA damage DDB2 and DDB1, stimulated UVC-induced dUTP incorporation. In contrast, a DDB2PCNA- mutant protein, unable to associate with PCNA, interfered with DNA repair synthesis. Given its responsiveness to different types of DNA lesions, this system offers an additional tool to study DNA repair mechanisms.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Guardamagna
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Unità di Immunologia e Patologia generale, Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bassi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Unità di Immunologia e Patologia generale, Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Monica Savio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Unità di Immunologia e Patologia generale, Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Perucca
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Unità di Immunologia e Patologia generale, Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ornella Cazzalini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Unità di Immunologia e Patologia generale, Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ennio Prosperi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare 'Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza', CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lucia A Stivala
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Unità di Immunologia e Patologia generale, Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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47
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Nayek U, Unnikrishnan VK, Abdul Salam AA, Chidangil S, Mathur D. Thermal Energy Electrons and OH-Radicals Induce Strand Breaks in DNA in an Aqueous Environment: Some Salts Offer Protection Against Strand Breaks. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1508-1514. [PMID: 32040313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrons and •OH-radicals have been generated by using low-energy laser pulses of 6 ns duration (1064 nm wavelength) to create plasma in a suspension of plasmid DNA (pUC19) in water. Upon thermalization, these particles induce single and double strand breakages in DNA along with possible base oxidation/base degradation. The time-evolution of the ensuing structural modifications has been measured; damage to DNA is seen to occur within 30 s of laser irradiation. The time-evolution is also measured upon addition of physiologically relevant concentrations of salts containing monovalent, divalent, or trivalent alkali ions. It is shown that some alkali ions can significantly inhibit strand breakages while some do not. The inhibition is due to electrostatic shielding of DNA, but significantly, the extent of such shielding is seen to depend on how each alkali ion binds to DNA. Results of experiments on strand breakages induced by thermalized particles produced upon plasma-induced photolysis of water, and their inhibition, suggest implications beyond studies of DNA; they open new vistas for utilizing simple nanosecond lasers to explore the effect of ultralow energy radiation on living matter under physiologically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Nayek
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal 576 104 , India.,Centre for Applied Nanosciences, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal 576 104 , India
| | - V K Unnikrishnan
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal 576 104 , India.,Centre for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal 576 104 , India
| | - Abdul Ajees Abdul Salam
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal 576 104 , India.,Centre for Applied Nanosciences, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal 576 104 , India
| | - Santhosh Chidangil
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal 576 104 , India.,Centre for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal 576 104 , India
| | - Deepak Mathur
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal 576 104 , India
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48
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Zhang Z, Zheng L, Yu Y, Wu J, Yang F, Xu Y, Guo Q, Wu X, Cao S, Cao L, Song X. Involvement of SAMHD1 in dNTP homeostasis and the maintenance of genomic integrity and oncotherapy (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 56:879-888. [PMID: 32319570 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterile alpha motif and histidine/aspartic acid domain‑containing protein 1 (SAMHD1), the only deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) hydrolase in eukaryotes, plays a crucial role in regulating the dynamic balance and ratio of cellular dNTP pools. Furthermore, SAMHD1 has been reported to be involved in the pathological process of several diseases. Homozygous SAMHD1 mutations have been identified in immune system disorders, such as autoimmune disease Aicardi‑Goutières syndrome (AGS), whose primary pathogenesis is associated with the abnormal accumulation and disproportion of dNTPs. SAMHD1 is also considered to be an intrinsic virus‑restriction factor by suppressing the viral infection process, including reverse transcription, replication, packaging and transmission. In addition, SAMHD1 has been shown to promote genome integrity during homologous recombination following DNA damage, thus being considered a promising candidate for oncotherapy applications. The present review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of SAMHD1 regarding the regulation of dNTP homeostasis and DNA damage response. Additionally, its potential effects on tumorigenesis and oncotherapy are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Jinying Wu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Yingxi Xu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Qiqiang Guo
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Wu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Sunrun Cao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Liu Cao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
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49
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Boguszewska K, Szewczuk M, Urbaniak S, Karwowski BT. Review: immunoassays in DNA damage and instability detection. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4689-4704. [PMID: 31342119 PMCID: PMC6858475 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The review includes information on the current state of knowledge of immunometric methods with emphasis on the possibility of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage detection. Beginning with basic immunoassay enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), this review describes methods such as tyramide signal amplification (TSA), enhanced polymer one-step staining (EPOS), and time resolved amplified cryptate emission (TRACE) as improvements of ELISA's developed over time to obtain more accurate results. In the second part of the review, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and quantum dots (QDs) are presented as the newest outlooks in the context of immunoanalysis of biological material and molecular studies. The aim of this review is to briefly present immunoassays with emphasis on DNA damage detection; therefore, the types of methods are listed and described, types of signal indicators, basic definitions such as antigen and antibody are given. Every method is considered with an exemplary application focusing on DNA studies, DNA damage and instability detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Boguszewska
- DNA Damage Laboratory of Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Michał Szewczuk
- DNA Damage Laboratory of Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sandra Urbaniak
- DNA Damage Laboratory of Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bolesław T Karwowski
- DNA Damage Laboratory of Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
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50
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The role of DNA damage as a therapeutic target in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Expert Rev Mol Med 2019; 21:e6. [PMID: 31767049 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2019.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common monogenic kidney disease and is caused by heterozygous germ-line mutations in either PKD1 (85%) or PKD2 (15%). It is characterised by the formation of numerous fluid-filled renal cysts and leads to adult-onset kidney failure in ~50% of patients by 60 years. Kidney cysts in ADPKD are focal and sporadic, arising from the clonal proliferation of collecting-duct principal cells, but in only 1-2% of nephrons for reasons that are not clear. Previous studies have demonstrated that further postnatal reductions in PKD1 (or PKD2) dose are required for kidney cyst formation, but the exact triggering factors are not clear. A growing body of evidence suggests that DNA damage, and activation of the DNA damage response pathway, are altered in ciliopathies. The aims of this review are to: (i) analyse the evidence linking DNA damage and renal cyst formation in ADPKD; (ii) evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of biomarkers to assess DNA damage in ADPKD and finally, (iii) evaluate the potential effects of current clinical treatments on modifying DNA damage in ADPKD. These studies will address the significance of DNA damage and may lead to a new therapeutic approach in ADPKD.
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