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Zhao H, Chen Y, Liao YP, Chen HM, Yang QH, Xiao Y, Luo J, Chen ZZ, Yi L, Hu GY. Immunohistochemical evaluation and prognostic value of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and 4 (MCT4) in T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:55-64. [PMID: 35239073 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells often exhibit the Warburg effect, wherein, they preferentially undergo glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation for energy production. Monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and 4 (MCT4) are critical symporters mediating lactate efflux and preventing intracellular acidification during tumor growth. Numerous studies have focused on inhibiting MCT1 or MCT4 in various cancers. However, its role in T-cell lymphoma (TCL) is not yet investigated owing to the low incidence of TCL. This study was designed to investigate the expression of MCT1/MCT4 in patients with TCL and determine their prognostic value in this cancer. We performed immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression level of MCT1/MCT4 in 38 TCL tissue samples and then compared their expression among different TCL subgroups, which were formed based on different clinical characteristics. Survival analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between MCT1/MCT4 expression and both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Our results revealed that MCT1 and MCT4 expression was significantly increased in TCL tissues compared to the control group. In addition, increased MCT1 expression associated with the female sex, advanced disease stage, increased serum LDH, Ki-67 at ≥ 50%, and intermediate or high-risk groups as categorized by the International Prognostic Index (IPI) score. We also found that increased MCT1 expression may be associated with reduced OS and PFS. In conclusion, MCT1 and MCT4 are overexpressed in patients with TCL and may predict poor prognosis. MCT1 inhibition might be a novel treatment strategy for TCL, and further preclinical trials are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhao
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Central South University, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital, No.116 Changjiang South Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Central South University, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital, No.116 Changjiang South Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - You-Ping Liao
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Central South University, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital, No.116 Changjiang South Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Hai-Mei Chen
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Central South University, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital, No.116 Changjiang South Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Yang
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Central South University, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital, No.116 Changjiang South Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Yin Xiao
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Central South University, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital, No.116 Changjiang South Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Luo
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Central South University, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital, No.116 Changjiang South Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Chen
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Central South University, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital, No.116 Changjiang South Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Lai Yi
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Central South University, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital, No.116 Changjiang South Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Guo-Yu Hu
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Central South University, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital, No.116 Changjiang South Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China.
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Chen W, Liu J, Zheng C, Bai Q, Gao Q, Zhang Y, Dong K, Lu T. Research Progress on Improving the Efficiency of CDT by Exacerbating Tumor Acidification. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2611-2628. [PMID: 35712639 PMCID: PMC9196673 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s366187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has received extensive attention as a novel means of cancer treatment. The CDT agents can exert Fenton and Fenton-like reactions in the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), converting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH). However, the pH of TME, as an essential factor in the Fenton reaction, does not catalyze the reaction effectively, hindering its efficiency, which poses a significant challenge for the future clinical application of CDT. Therefore, this paper reviews various strategies to enhance the antitumor properties of nanomaterials by modulating tumor acidity. Ultimately, the performance of CDT can be further improved by inducing strong oxidative stress to produce sufficient ·OH. In this paper, the various acidification pathways and proton pumps with potential acidification functions are mainly discussed, such as catalytic enzymes, exogenous acids, CAIX, MCT, NHE, NBCn1, etc. The problems, opportunities, and challenges of CDT in the cancer field are also discussed, thereby providing new insights for the design of nanomaterials and laying the foundation for their future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Chen
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Que Bai
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingli Lu
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
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Sebestyén A, Dankó T, Sztankovics D, Moldvai D, Raffay R, Cervi C, Krencz I, Zsiros V, Jeney A, Petővári G. The role of metabolic ecosystem in cancer progression — metabolic plasticity and mTOR hyperactivity in tumor tissues. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 40:989-1033. [PMID: 35029792 PMCID: PMC8825419 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite advancements in cancer management, tumor relapse and metastasis are associated with poor outcomes in many cancers. Over the past decade, oncogene-driven carcinogenesis, dysregulated cellular signaling networks, dynamic changes in the tissue microenvironment, epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, protein expression within regulatory pathways, and their part in tumor progression are described in several studies. However, the complexity of metabolic enzyme expression is considerably under evaluated. Alterations in cellular metabolism determine the individual phenotype and behavior of cells, which is a well-recognized hallmark of cancer progression, especially in the adaptation mechanisms underlying therapy resistance. In metabolic symbiosis, cells compete, communicate, and even feed each other, supervised by tumor cells. Metabolic reprogramming forms a unique fingerprint for each tumor tissue, depending on the cellular content and genetic, epigenetic, and microenvironmental alterations of the developing cancer. Based on its sensing and effector functions, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase is considered the master regulator of metabolic adaptation. Moreover, mTOR kinase hyperactivity is associated with poor prognosis in various tumor types. In situ metabolic phenotyping in recent studies highlights the importance of metabolic plasticity, mTOR hyperactivity, and their role in tumor progression. In this review, we update recent developments in metabolic phenotyping of the cancer ecosystem, metabolic symbiosis, and plasticity which could provide new research directions in tumor biology. In addition, we suggest pathomorphological and analytical studies relating to metabolic alterations, mTOR activity, and their associations which are necessary to improve understanding of tumor heterogeneity and expand the therapeutic management of cancer.
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4
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Wang X, Liu H, Ni Y, Shen P, Han X. Lactate shuttle: from substance exchange to regulatory mechanism. Hum Cell 2021; 35:1-14. [PMID: 34606041 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lactate, as the product of glycolytic metabolism and the substrate of energy metabolism, is an intermediate link between cancer cell and tumor microenvironment metabolism. The exchange of lactate between the two cells via mono-carboxylate transporters (MCTs) is known as the lactate shuttle in cancer. Lactate shuttle is the core of cancer cell metabolic reprogramming between two cells such as aerobic cancer cells and hypoxic cancer cells, tumor cells and stromal cells, cancer cells and vascular endothelial cells. Cancer cells absorb lactate by mono-carboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and convert lactate to pyruvate via intracellular lactate dehydrogenase B (LDH-B) to maintain their growth and metabolism. Since lactate shuttle may play a critical role in energy metabolism of cancer cells, components related to lactate shuttle may be a crucial target for tumor antimetabolic therapy. In this review, we describe the lactate shuttle in terms of both substance exchange and regulatory mechanisms in cancer. Meanwhile, we summarize the difference of key proteins of lactate shuttle in common types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yingqian Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Peibo Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiuzhen Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
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Eskuri M, Kemi N, Kauppila JH. Monocarboxylate Transporters 1 and 4 and MTCO1 in Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092142. [PMID: 33946786 PMCID: PMC8124264 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The expression of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) are reported in a variety of cancers and suggested as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. However, previous study results in gastric cancer are contradictory. In this study, we evaluated the expression of MCT1, MCT4, and Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (MTCO1) and their association with clinicopathological parameters and prognostic significance in a cohort of 568 surgically treated gastric cancer patients. The results suggest that monocarboxylate transporters and MTCO1 are associated with gastric cancer progression but have no independent prognostic relevance. Abstract Background: Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) appear to play an important role in tumor development and aggressiveness. The present study aimed to evaluate associations between cytoplasmic MCT1, MCT4, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (MTCO1) expression and clinicopathological variables or survival in gastric cancer. Material and methods: A total of 568 gastric adenocarcinoma patients were included in this retrospective cohort study. Protein expressions were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The patients were divided into low expression and high expression groups by median value. The Chi-squared test was used to compare categorical variables. The T-test was used to compare continuous variables. Expressions were analyzed in relation to 5-year survival and overall survival. Cox regression provided HRs and 95% CIs, adjusted for confounders. Results: High cytoplasmic MCT1 expression was associated statistically significantly with higher T-class (p = 0.020). High cytoplasmic MCT4 expression was associated statistically significantly with positive lymph node status (p = 0.005) and was more common in Lauren’s intestinal type (p < 0.001). Low cytoplasmic MTCO1 expression was associated statistically significantly with positive distant metastases (p = 0.030), and high cytoplasmic MTCO1 expression was associated more often with intestinal type (p = 0.044). However, MCT1, MCT4, and MTCO1 were not associated with survival. Conclusions: Monocarboxylate receptors seem to be associated with gastric cancer progression but have no independent prognostic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarit Eskuri
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-294-480-000
| | - Niko Kemi
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Joonas H. Kauppila
- Surgery Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Markou A, Tzanikou E, Kallergi G, Pantazaka E, Georgoulias V, Kotsakis A, Lianidou E. Evaluation of Monocarboxylate Transporter 4 ( MCT4) Expression and Its Prognostic Significance in Circulating Tumor Cells From Patients With Early Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641978. [PMID: 33968927 PMCID: PMC8100022 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) can influence the amount of lactate in the tumor microenvironment and further control cancer cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. We investigated for the first time the expression of MCT4 in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) derived from early stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer patients (NSCLC) and whether this is associated with clinical outcome. Experimental Design: A highly sensitive RT-qPCR assay for quantification of MCT4 transcripts was developed and validated and applied to study MCT4 expression in CTC isolated through the Parsortix size-dependent microfluidic device from 53 and 9 peripheral blood (PB) samples of NSCLC patients at baseline (pre-surgery) and at relapse, respectively, as well as the “background noise” was evaluated using peripheral blood samples from 10 healthy donors (HD) in exactly the same way as patients. Results:MCT4 was differentially expressed between HD and NSCLC patients. Overexpression of MCT4 was detected in 14/53 (26.4%) and 3/9 (33.3%) patients at baseline and at progression disease (PD), respectively. The expression levels of MCT4 was found to increase in CTCs at the time of relapse. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the overexpression of MCT4 was significantly (P = 0.045) associated with progression-free survival (median: 12.5 months, range 5–31 months). Conclusion:MCT4 overexpression was observed at a high frequency in CTCs from early NSCLC patients supporting its role in metastatic process. MCT4 investigated as clinically relevant tumor biomarker characterizing tumor aggressiveness and its potential value as target for cancer therapy. We are totally convinced that MCT4 overexpression in CTCs merits further evaluation as a non-invasive circulating tumor biomarker in a large and well-defined cohort of patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Markou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E Tzanikou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - G Kallergi
- Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - E Pantazaka
- Division of Genetics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - V Georgoulias
- First Department of Medical Oncology, IASO General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A Kotsakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Thessaly, Greece
| | - E Lianidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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7
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Tong YH, Hu XP, Xiang XP, Fang L. High expression of monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT 4), but not MCT 1, predicts poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10:1336-1345. [PMID: 35116459 PMCID: PMC8798489 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-3117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) family especially MCT1 and MCT4 have been recognized to play an important role in lactate transport, a key glycolytic product. The expression of MCT1 and MCT4 expression was previously found to be related to poor outcome in various cancer types. In this study, we investigated the expression status of MCT1 and MCT4 and their relationship with prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Expression of MCT4 and MCT1 in NSCLC tumor and adjacent lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier plots were used to evaluate two proteins' prognostic role, and the log-rank test obtained the P value. For multivariate analysis, the Cox proportional-hazards regression method was performed. RESULTS High MCT4 and MCT1 expression was observed in cancer cells, with a rate of 45% for MCT4 versus 15% for MCT1 among all NSCLC patients. High expression of MCT4, and not MCT1, was associated with worse overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR) =1.96 (1.06-3.75), P=0.032] and progression-free survival (PFS) [HR =1.72 (1.05-2.93), P=0.032] in NSCLC patients. In our multivariate analysis, advanced cancer stage and high MCT4 level were identified as independent predictive indicators for both PFS [HR(MCT4) =1.888 (1.114-3.199), P=0.018 and OS [HR (MCT4) =2.421 (1.271-4.610), P=0.007]. Subgroup and interaction analyses were also performed in different clinical characteristic groups and no significant differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS High MCT4 expression is a predictive marker for worse outcome in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hui Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Ping Xiang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luo Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Kiran D, Basaraba RJ. Lactate Metabolism and Signaling in Tuberculosis and Cancer: A Comparative Review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:624607. [PMID: 33718271 PMCID: PMC7952876 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.624607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) leading to tuberculosis (TB) disease continues to be a major global health challenge. Critical barriers, including but not limited to the development of multi-drug resistance, lack of diagnostic assays that detect patients with latent TB, an effective vaccine that prevents Mtb infection, and infectious and non-infectious comorbidities that complicate active TB, continue to hinder progress toward a TB cure. To complement the ongoing development of new antimicrobial drugs, investigators in the field are exploring the value of host-directed therapies (HDTs). This therapeutic strategy targets the host, rather than Mtb, and is intended to augment host responses to infection such that the host is better equipped to prevent or clear infection and resolve chronic inflammation. Metabolic pathways of immune cells have been identified as promising HDT targets as more metabolites and metabolic pathways have shown to play a role in TB pathogenesis and disease progression. Specifically, this review highlights the potential role of lactate as both an immunomodulatory metabolite and a potentially important signaling molecule during the host response to Mtb infection. While long thought to be an inert end product of primarily glucose metabolism, the cancer research field has discovered the importance of lactate in carcinogenesis and resistance to chemotherapeutic drug treatment. Herein, we discuss similarities between the TB granuloma and tumor microenvironments in the context of lactate metabolism and identify key metabolic and signaling pathways that have been shown to play a role in tumor progression but have yet to be explored within the context of TB. Ultimately, lactate metabolism and signaling could be viable HDT targets for TB; however, critical additional research is needed to better understand the role of lactate at the host-pathogen interface during Mtb infection before adopting this HDT strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Randall J. Basaraba
- Metabolism of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Overexpression of monocarboxylate transporter 4 promotes the migration and invasion of non-carcinogenic L929 fibroblast cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:44. [PMID: 33262836 PMCID: PMC7693126 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a primary contributor to the low survival rates of patients with cancer. Enhanced migration and invasion are two key features of the metastatic transformation of cancer cells. Furthermore, despite the fact that overexpression of the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)1 and 4 proteins has been found to promote the migration or invasion of cancer cells, previous findings have not been conclusive and have even been contradictory. The majority of these previous studies have relied on the silencing or inhibition of MCT1/4 expression or function in highly metastatic cell lines. Silencing can be transient or incomplete, and inhibition can result in off-target effects. Employing a different approach, the present study stably transfected human MCT1 and MCT4 into the non-carcinogenic murine NCTC clone 929 (L929) cell line, which had undetectable endogenous MCT1 and MCT4 expression. It was observed that overexpression of MCT4, and not MCT1, promoted the migration and invasion of L929 cells. It was also found that overexpression of an inactive form of the MCT4 transporter with a single amino acid mutation failed to promote either migration or invasion, which suggested that MCT4 activity is required. Since an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor could reverse the effect of MCT4-overexpression, it was concluded that MCT4-overexpression exert its functions through modulating the EGF/EGFR pathway.
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10
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Kuo TC, Huang KY, Yang SC, Wu S, Chung WC, Chang YL, Hong TM, Wang SP, Chen HY, Hsiao TH, Yang PC. Monocarboxylate Transporter 4 Is a Therapeutic Target in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with Aerobic Glycolysis Preference. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2020; 18:189-201. [PMID: 32695876 PMCID: PMC7364124 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting metabolic reprogramming is an emerging strategy in cancer therapy. However, clinical attempts to target metabolic reprogramming have been proved to be challenging, with metabolic heterogeneity of cancer being one of many reasons that causes treatment failure. Here, we stratified non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, mainly lung adenocarcinoma, based on their metabolic phenotypes and demonstrated that the aerobic glycolysis-preference NSCLC cell subtype was resistant to the OXPHOS-targeting inhibitors. We identified that monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4), a lactate transporter, was highly expressed in the aerobic glycolysis-preference subtype with function supporting the proliferation of these cells. Glucose could induce the expression of MCT4 in these cells through a ΔNp63α and Sp1-dependent pathway. Next, we showed that knockdown of MCT4 increased intracellular lactate concentration and induced a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent cellular apoptosis in the aerobic glycolysis-preference NSCLC cell subtype. By scanning a panel of monoclonal antibodies with MCT4 neutralizing activity, we further identified a MCT4 immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal antibody showing capable anti-proliferation efficacy on the aerobic glycolysis-preference NSCLC cell subtype. Our findings indicate that the metabolic heterogeneity is a critical factor for NSCLC therapy and manipulating the expression or function of MCT4 can be an effective strategy in targeting the aerobic glycolysis-preference NSCLC cell subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Chun Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yen Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Shuenn-Chen Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sean Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chia Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Leong Chang
- Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Ming Hong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ping Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hung Hsiao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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11
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Xiao S, Zhu H, Shi Y, Wu Z, Wu H, Xie M. Prognostic and predictive value of monocarboxylate transporter 4 in patients with breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2143-2152. [PMID: 32782531 PMCID: PMC7400967 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect explains the large amount of lactic acid that tumour cells produce to establish and maintain the acidic characteristics of the tumour microenvironment, which contributes to the migration, invasion and angiogenesis of tumour cells. Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT-4) is a key marker of tumour glycolysis and lactic acid production; however, the role of MCT-4 in breast cancer remains unclear. In the present study, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression levels of MCT-4 in tissue microarrays of 145 patients diagnosed with invasive ductal breast cancer. The IHC score was used to assess the intensity of staining and the proportion of positive cells. Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR were also performed to detect the expression levels of MCT-4 in 30 pairs of breast cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. In vitro experiments (EdU incoporation and Cell Counting Kit-8) were performed to examine the role of MCT-4 in the breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. The results of the present study indicated that high MCT-4 expression was associated with pT status (P=0.018), oestrogen receptor (ER) status (P=0.001), progesterone receptor (PR) status (P=0.024), Ki67 index (P=0.043) and androgen receptor (AR) status (P=0.033). In addition, an association between MCT-4 expression and pathological grade was observed (P=0.030). Furthermore, univariate (P=0.027) and multivariate (P=0.001) survival analysis revealed that MCT-4 expression and lymph node involvement were significant independent predictors of breast cancer prognosis. In addition, silencing MCT-4 expression attenuated breast cancer cell viability. Therefore, MCT-4 may be used as a potential predictor of invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xiao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Hongjia Zhu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yujun Shi
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenru Wu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Hegang Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, P.R. China
| | - Mingjun Xie
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, P.R. China
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12
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Javaeed A, Ghauri SK. MCT4 has a potential to be used as a prognostic biomarker - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncol Rev 2019; 13:403. [PMID: 31410246 PMCID: PMC6661531 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2019.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of several metabolic changes, such as hypoxia and acidosis, in the tumour environment has caught the attention of researchers in cancer progression and invasion. Lactate transport is one of the acidosis-enhancing processes that are mediated via monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the expression of two cancer-relevant MCTs (MCT1 and MCT4) and their potential prognostic significance in patients with metastasis of different types of cancer. Studies were included if they reported the number of metastatic tissue samples expressing either low or high levels of MCT1 and/or MCT4 or those revealing the hazard ratios (HRs) of the overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS) as prognostic indicators. During the period between 2010 and 2018, a total of 20 articles including 3831 patients (56.3% males) were identified. There was a significant association between MCT4 expression (high versus low) and lymph node metastasis [odds ratio (OR)=1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.10-3.17, P=0.02] and distant metastasis (OR=2.18, 95%CI=1.65-2.86, P<0.001) and the correlation remained significant for colorectal and hepatic cancer in subgroup analysis. For survival analysis, patients with shorter OS periods exhibited a higher MCT4 expression [hazard ratio (HR)=1.78, 95%CI=1.49-2.13, P<0.001], while DFS was shorter in patients with high MCT1 (HR=1.48, 95%CI=1.04-2.10, P=0.03) and MCT4 expression (HR=1.70, 95%CI=1.19-2.42, P=0.003) when compared to their counterparts with low expression levels. Future research studies should consider the pharmacologic inhibition of MCT4 to effectively inhibit cancer progression to metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanniya Khan Ghauri
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
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13
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Jonnalagadda S, Jonnalagadda SK, Ronayne CT, Nelson GL, Solano LN, Rumbley J, Holy J, Mereddy VR, Drewes LR. Novel N,N-dialkyl cyanocinnamic acids as monocarboxylate transporter 1 and 4 inhibitors. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2355-2368. [PMID: 31040927 PMCID: PMC6481325 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Potent and dual monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 1 and 4 inhibitors have been developed for the first time as potential anticancer agents based on α-cyanocinnamic acid structural template. Candidate inhibitors 1-9 have been evaluated for in vitro cell proliferation against MCT1 and MCT4 expressing cancer cell lines. Potential MCT1 and MCT4 binding interactions of the lead compound 9 have been studied through homology modeling and molecular docking prediction. In vitro effects on extracellular flux via glycolysis and mitochondrial stress tests suggest that candidate compounds 3 and 9 disrupt glycolysis and OxPhos efficiently in MCT1 expressing colorectal adenocarcinoma WiDr and MCT4 expressing triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Fluorescence microscopy analyses in these cells also indicate that compound 9 is internalized and concentrated near mitochondria. In vivo tumor growth inhibition studies in WiDr and MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumor models in mice indicate that the candidate compound 9 exhibits a significant single agent activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirisha Jonnalagadda
- Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Sravan K Jonnalagadda
- Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Conor T Ronayne
- Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Grady L Nelson
- Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Lucas N Solano
- Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Jon Rumbley
- Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.,Department of Pharmacy Practice & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Jon Holy
- Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School Duluth, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Venkatram R Mereddy
- Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.,Department of Pharmacy Practice & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Lester R Drewes
- Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School Duluth, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
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14
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Park SJ, Smith CP, Wilbur RR, Cain CP, Kallu SR, Valasapalli S, Sahoo A, Guda MR, Tsung AJ, Velpula KK. An overview of MCT1 and MCT4 in GBM: small molecule transporters with large implications. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1967-1976. [PMID: 30416849 PMCID: PMC6220151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) represent a diverse group of transmembrane proteins encoded by the SLC16 gene family found ubiquitously across mammalian species. Two members of this family, MCT1 and MCT4, have been linked to key roles in the metabolic activity of tissues through the proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates, most notably L-lactate, ketone bodies, and pyruvate. This review aims to provide an overview of MCT1 and MCT4, followed by the implications of their expression in a multitude of cancers and in glioblastoma (GBM) specifically. Further, the possible mechanisms underlying these effects will be discussed. Given the relationships between MCT1 and MCT4 and cancer, they offer a unique opportunity for novel treatment strategies. We aim to explore current therapies focused on MCT1 and MCT4 and propose future studies to better understand their role in GBM to optimize future treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Park
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
| | - Chase P Smith
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
| | - Ryan R Wilbur
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
| | - Charles P Cain
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
| | - Sankeerth R Kallu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
| | - Srijan Valasapalli
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
| | - Arpit Sahoo
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
| | - Maheedhara R Guda
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
| | - Andrew J Tsung
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
- Illinois Neurological InstitutePeoria, IL, USA
| | - Kiran K Velpula
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoria, IL, USA
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