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Cutri-French C, Nasioudis D, George E, Tanyi JL. CAR-T Cell Therapy in Ovarian Cancer: Where Are We Now? Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:819. [PMID: 38667465 PMCID: PMC11049291 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14080819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The success of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies in the treatment of hematologic malignancies has led to the investigation of their potential in the treatment of solid tumors, including ovarian cancer. While the immunosuppressive microenvironment of ovarian cancer has been a barrier in their implementation, several early phase clinical trials are currently evaluating CAR-T cell therapies targeting mesothelin, folate receptor a, HER2, MUC16, and B7H3. Ongoing challenges include cytokine-associated and "on-target, off-tumor" toxicities, while most common adverse events include cytokine release syndrome, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation-like syndrome (HLH/MAS), and neurotoxicity. In the present review, we summarize the current status of CAR-T therapy in ovarian cancer and discuss future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Cutri-French
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Dimitrios Nasioudis
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erin George
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Richard M. Schulze Family Foundation Outpatient Center at McKinley Campus, 10920 McKinley Dr, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Janos L. Tanyi
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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2
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Botelho SM, Wastowski IJ, Simões RT, Cysneiros MAPC, da Silva Menezes A, Rezende AL, da Silva NA. Expression and clinical implications of HLA-G and PD-L1 following kidney transplantation: A cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36053. [PMID: 37986370 PMCID: PMC10659681 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation (KT) is the preferred treatment for end-stage renal diseases. Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) have notable clinical and therapeutic significance in transplantation because of their roles in promoting tolerance. This study aimed to assess HLA-G and PD-L1 levels at various stages following KT. A cohort of 12 patients was monitored from the pretransplant phase to 12 months post-surgery. Blood samples were taken at specific intervals: before kidney transplantation (T0), and then on the 7th (T7), 30th (T30), 90th (T90), 180th (T180), and 365th days post transplantation. Renal biopsies were performed in patients with graft dysfunction. Plasma levels of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) and PD-L1 were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Additionally, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the presence of both molecules in biopsy samples. Multivariate analysis indicated that episodes of rejection were correlated with decreased expression of sHLA-G (P < .001) and PD-L1 (P < .001). Over the course of the study, the sHLA-G levels also declined (P < .001). Patients who had been transfused had lower PD-L1 levels (P = .03). Furthermore, kidney recipients from related live donors had increased HLA-G expression (P < .001). Our findings suggest that diminished HLA-G and PD-L1 levels correlate with an increased risk of graft rejection. Notably, HLA-G expression significantly decrease after the third-month posttransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M. Botelho
- Stricto Sensu Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Renata T. Simões
- Stricto Sensu Graduate Program, Faculdade Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte (FSCBH), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria A. P. C. Cysneiros
- Stricto Sensu Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Aline L. Rezende
- Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Nílzio A. da Silva
- Stricto Sensu Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
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3
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Guo J, Sun D, Zhang J, Guo J, Wu Z, Chen Y, Xu Y, Zhou D, Cui Y, Mo Q, Li Y, Zhao T, You Q. The E3 ubiquitin ligase RBCK1: Implications in the tumor immune microenvironment and antiangiogenic therapy of glioma. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5212-5227. [PMID: 37928949 PMCID: PMC10624590 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3s) play a pivotal role in regulating the specificity of protein ubiquitination, and their significant functions as regulators of immune responses against tumors are attracting considerable interest. RBCK1-an RBR E3 ligase-is involved in immune regulation and tumor development. However, the potential effect of RBCK1 on glioma remains enigmatic. In the present study, we performed comprehensive analyses of multilevel data, which disclosed distribution characteristics of RBCK1 in pan-cancer, especially in glioma. Functional roles of RBCK1 were further confirmed using immunohistochemistry, cell biological assays, and xenograft experiments. Aberrant ascending of RBCK1 in multiple types of cancer was found to remodel the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma by regulating immunomodulators, cancer immunity cycles, and immune cell infiltration. Notably, the MES-like/RBCK1High cell population, a unique subset of cells in the microenvironment, suppressed T cell-mediated cell killing in glioma. Elevated expression levels of RBCK1 suggested a glioma subtype characterized by immunosuppression and hypo-responsiveness to immunotherapy but manifesting surprisingly increased responses to anti-angiogenic therapy. In conclusion, anti-RBCK1 target therapy might be beneficial for glioma treatment. Moreover, RBCK1 assisted in predicting molecular subtypes of glioma and response rates of patients to different clinical treatments, which could guide personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 78 Hengzhigang Road, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donglin Sun
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - Junwei Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 78 Hengzhigang Road, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 78 Hengzhigang Road, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenpeng Wu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 78 Hengzhigang Road, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongzhen Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Yujie Xu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 78 Hengzhigang Road, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Desheng Zhou
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 78 Hengzhigang Road, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yachao Cui
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 78 Hengzhigang Road, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Mo
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 78 Hengzhigang Road, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingchang Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 78 Hengzhigang Road, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang You
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, 78 Hengzhigang Road, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
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4
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Rashidi S, Vieira C, Tuteja R, Mansouri R, Ali-Hassanzadeh M, Muro A, Nguewa P, Manzano-Román R. Immunomodulatory Potential of Non-Classical HLA-G in Infections including COVID-19 and Parasitic Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:257. [PMID: 35204759 PMCID: PMC8961671 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Leukocyte Antigen-G (HLA-G), a polymorphic non-classical HLA (HLA-Ib) with immune-regulatory properties in cancers and infectious diseases, presents both membrane-bound and soluble (sHLA-G) isoforms. Polymorphism has implications in host responses to pathogen infections and in pathogenesis. Differential expression patterns of HLA-G/sHLA-G or its polymorphism seem to be related to different pathological conditions, potentially acting as a disease progression biomarker. Pathogen antigens might be involved in the regulation of both membrane-bound and sHLA-G levels and impact immune responses during co-infections. The upregulation of HLA-G in viral and bacterial infections induce tolerance to infection. Recently, sHLA-G was found useful to identify the prognosis of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among patients and it was observed that the high levels of sHLA-G are associated with worse prognosis. The use of pathogens, such as Plasmodium falciparum, as immune modulators for other infections could be extended for the modulation of membrane-bound HLA-G in COVID-19-infected tissues. Overall, such information might open new avenues concerning the effect of some pathogens such as parasites in decreasing the expression level of HLA-G to restrict pathogenesis in some infections or to influence the immune responses after vaccination among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Rashidi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran;
| | - Carmen Vieira
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Group (E-INTRO), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (C.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Renu Tuteja
- Parasite Biology Group, ICGEB, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India;
| | - Reza Mansouri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd 8915173143, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Ali-Hassanzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft 7861615765, Iran;
| | - Antonio Muro
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Group (E-INTRO), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (C.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Paul Nguewa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, ISTUN Institute of Tropical Health, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), University of Navarra, c/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Raúl Manzano-Román
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Group (E-INTRO), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Research Center for Tropical Diseases (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (C.V.); (A.M.)
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5
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Kumar AR, Devan AR, Nair B, Vinod BS, Nath LR. Harnessing the immune system against cancer: current immunotherapy approaches and therapeutic targets. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:8075-8095. [PMID: 34671902 PMCID: PMC8605995 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06752-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a rapidly evolving concept that has been given the tag "fifth pillar" of cancer therapy while radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery and targeted therapy remain the other four pillars. This involves the stimulation of the immune system to control tumor growth and it specifically targets the neoplastic cells rather than the normal cells. Conventional chemotherapy has many limitations which include drug resistance, recurrence of cancer and severe adverse effects. Immunology has made major treatment breakthroughs for several cancers such as colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer, stomach cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia etc. Currently, therapeutic strategies harnessing the immune system involve Checkpoint inhibitors, Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T cells), Monoclonal antibodies, Cancer vaccines, Cytokines, Radio-immunotherapy and Oncolytic virus therapy. The molecular characterization of several tumor antigens (TA) indicates that these TA can be utilized as promising candidates in cancer immunotherapy strategies. Here in this review, we highlight and summarize the different categories of emerging cancer immunotherapies along with the immunologically recognized tumor antigens involved in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana R Kumar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Aswathy R Devan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Balachandran S Vinod
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Narayana College, Kollam, Kerala, 691001, India.
| | - Lekshmi R Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India.
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6
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Sportoletti P, De Falco F, Del Papa B, Baldoni S, Guarente V, Marra A, Dorillo E, Rompietti C, Adamo FM, Ruggeri L, Di Ianni M, Rosati E. NK Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Their Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136665. [PMID: 34206399 PMCID: PMC8268440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Key features of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are defects in the immune system and the ability of leukemic cells to evade immune defenses and induce immunosuppression, resulting in increased susceptibility to infections and disease progression. Several immune effectors are impaired in CLL, including T and natural killer (NK) cells. The role of T cells in defense against CLL and in CLL progression and immunotherapy has been extensively studied. Less is known about the role of NK cells in this leukemia, and data on NK cell alterations in CLL are contrasting. Besides studies showing that NK cells have intrinsic defects in CLL, there is a large body of evidence indicating that NK cell dysfunctions in CLL mainly depend on the escape mechanisms employed by leukemic cells. In keeping, it has been shown that NK cell functions, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), can be retained and/or restored after adequate stimulation. Therefore, due to their preserved ADCC function and the reversibility of CLL-related dysfunctions, NK cells are an attractive source for novel immunotherapeutic strategies in this disease, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy. Recently, satisfying clinical responses have been obtained in CLL patients using cord blood-derived CAR-NK cells, opening new possibilities for further exploring NK cells in the immunotherapy of CLL. However, notwithstanding the promising results of this clinical trial, more evidence is needed to fully understand whether and in which CLL cases NK cell-based immunotherapy may represent a valid, alternative/additional therapeutic option for this leukemia. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge about phenotypic and functional alterations of NK cells in CLL and the mechanisms by which CLL cells circumvent NK cell-mediated immunosurveillance. Additionally, we discuss the potential relevance of using NK cells in CLL immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers
- Cell Communication
- Disease Management
- Disease Susceptibility
- Humans
- Immune System/immunology
- Immune System/metabolism
- Immunotherapy/adverse effects
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/etiology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Ligands
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Escape/genetics
- Tumor Escape/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Sportoletti
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Filomena De Falco
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Beatrice Del Papa
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Stefano Baldoni
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Valerio Guarente
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Andrea Marra
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Erica Dorillo
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Chiara Rompietti
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Francesco Maria Adamo
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Loredana Ruggeri
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Mauro Di Ianni
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Ospedale Civile “Santo Spirito”, ASL Pescara, 65124 Pescara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Rosati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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The Potential of Soluble Human Leukocyte Antigen Molecules for Early Cancer Detection and Therapeutic Vaccine Design. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040775. [PMID: 33353014 PMCID: PMC7766713 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules are essential for anti-tumor immunity, as they display tumor-derived peptides to drive tumor eradication by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. HLA molecules are primarily studied as peptide-loaded complexes on cell membranes (mHLA) and much less attention is given to their secretion as soluble HLA–peptide complexes (sHLA) into bodily fluids. Yet sHLA levels are altered in various pathologies including cancer, and are thus of high interest as biomarkers. Disconcordance in results across studies, however, hampers interpretation and generalization of the relationship between sHLA levels and cancer presence, thereby impairing its use as a biomarker. Furthermore, the question remains to what extent sHLA complexes exert immunomodulatory effects and whether shifts in sHLA levels contribute to disease or are only a consequence of disease. sHLA complexes can also bear tumor-derived peptides and recent advancements in mass spectrometry now permit closer sHLA peptide cargo analysis. sHLA peptide cargo may represent a “liquid biopsy” that could facilitate the use of sHLA for cancer diagnosis and target identification for therapeutic vaccination. This review aims to outline the contradictory and unexplored aspects of sHLA and to provide direction on how the full potential of sHLA as a quantitative and qualitative biomarker can be exploited.
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8
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Agnihotri V, Gupta A, Kumar L, Dey S. Serum sHLA-G: Significant diagnostic biomarker with respect to therapy and immunosuppressive mediators in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3806. [PMID: 32123232 PMCID: PMC7052243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60811-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Head & Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma is one of the highest mortality factors in the world due to the lack of potential biomarker for early detection of disease. There is an urgent need for molecular marker involved in disease progression which remains suppressed normally, required for specificity. HLA-G is highly expressed in cancers and creates immune-suppressive microenvironment. Cancerous cells secrete inflammatory cytokines like IL-10,IFN-γ which increase expression of immunosuppressive molecules, such as HLA-G. We evaluated sHLA-G protein level in serum of 120 HNSCC patients at diagnosis and after therapy and compared with 99 individuals by SPR, ELISA and determined its mRNA level by qRT-PCR. sHLA-G was correlated with serum IL-10 and IFN-γ of the patients. Significant elevated levels of sHLA-G were observed in patients (8.25 ± 1.74 ng/µl) than control (6.45 ± 1.31 ng/µl). Levels were declined in (8.09 ± 1.79 ng/µl to 6.64 ± 1.33 ng/µl) patients in response to therapy. sHLA-G levels with tumor burden (8.16 ± 1.91 to 6.63 ± 1.32 ng/µl), node (8.62 ± 1.45 to 6.66 ± 1.26 ng/µl), PDSCC (8.14 ± 0.62 to 5.65 ± 0.27 ng/µl) and oropharynx (7.90 ± 1.24 to 6.10 ± 1.33 ng/µl) showed a positive and significant response to therapy. Findings indicate that sHLA-G can be a potential diagnostic serum protein marker for HNSCC due to its suppressive function and over expression in diseased condition with the influence of cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vertica Agnihotri
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Sharmistha Dey
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
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Schwich E, Rebmann V, Michita RT, Rohn H, Voncken JW, Horn PA, Kimmig R, Kasimir-Bauer S, Buderath P. HLA-G 3' untranslated region variants +3187G/G, +3196G/G and +3035T define diametrical clinical status and disease outcome in epithelial ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5407. [PMID: 30932005 PMCID: PMC6443684 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the non-classical human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) promotes cancer progression in various malignancies including epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). As single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HLA-G 3' untranslated region (UTR) regulate HLA-G expression, we investigated HLA-G 3'UTR haplotypes arranged by SNPs in healthy controls (n = 75) and primary EOC patients (n = 79) and determined soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) levels. Results were related to the clinical status and outcome. Although haplotype frequencies were similar in patients and controls, (i) sHLA-G levels were increased in EOC independent of the haplotype, (ii) homozygosity for UTR-1 or UTR-2 genotypes were significantly associated with metastases formation and presence of circulating tumor cells before therapy, whereas (iii) the UTR-5 and UTR-7 haplotypes were significantly associated with a beneficial clinical outcome regarding negative nodal status, early FIGO staging, and improved overall survival. Lastly, (iv) the ambivalent impact on clinical EOC aspects could be deduced to specific SNPs in the HLA-G 3'UTR: +3187G, +3196G and +3035T alleles. Our results give evidence that even if the genetic background of the HLA-G 3'UTR is identical between patients and controls, certain SNPs have the potential to contribute to diametrical clinical status/outcome in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Schwich
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 179, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Vera Rebmann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 179, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Rafael Tomoya Michita
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 179, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Genetics Department, Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Hana Rohn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Willem Voncken
- Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University, PO Box 6161, 6200 MD, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Peter A Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 179, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Rainer Kimmig
- Department for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabine Kasimir-Bauer
- Department for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Paul Buderath
- Department for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
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Manzo G. Similarities Between Embryo Development and Cancer Process Suggest New Strategies for Research and Therapy of Tumors: A New Point of View. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:20. [PMID: 30899759 PMCID: PMC6416183 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, I propose that cancer stem cells (CSCs) would be equivalent to para-embryonic stem cells (p-ESCs), derived from adult cells de-re-programmed to a ground state. p-ESCs would differ from ESCs by the absence of genomic homeostasis. A p-ESC would constitute the cancer cell of origin (i-CSC or CSC0), capable of generating an initial tumor, corresponding to a pre-implantation blastocyst. In a niche with proper signals, it would engraft as a primary tumor, corresponding to a post-implantation blastocyst. i-CSC progeny would form primary pluripotent and slow self-renewing CSCs (CSC1s), blocked in an undifferentiated state, corresponding to epiblast cells; CSC1s would be tumor-initiating cells (TICs). CSC1s would generate secondary CSCs (CSC2s), corresponding to hypoblast cells; CSC2s would be tumor growth cells (TGCs). CSC1s/CSC2s would generate tertiary CSCs (CSC3s), with a mesenchymal phenotype; CSC3s would be tumor migrating cells (TMCs), corresponding to mesodermal precursors at primitive streak. CSC3s with more favorable conditions (normoxia), by asymmetrical division, would differentiate into cancer progenitor cells (CPCs), and these into cancer differentiated cells (CDCs), thus generating a defined cell hierarchy and tumor progression, mimicking somito-histo-organogenesis. CSC3s with less favorable conditions (hypoxia) would delaminate and migrate as quiescent circulating micro-metastases, mimicking mesenchymal cells in gastrula morphogenetic movements. In metastatic niches, these CSC3s would install and remain dormant in the presence of epithelial/mesenchymal transition (EMT) signals and hypoxia. But, in the presence of mesenchymal/epithelial transition (MET) signals and normoxia, they would revert to self-renewing CSC1s, reproducing the same cell hierarchy of the primary tumor as macro-metastases. Further similarities between ontogenesis and oncogenesis involving crucial factors, such as ID, HSP70, HLA-G, CD44, LIF, and STAT3, are strongly evident at molecular, physiological and immunological levels. Much experimental data about these factors led to considering the cancer process as ectopic rudimentary ontogenesis, where CSCs have privileged immunological conditions. These would consent to CSC development in an adverse environment, just like an embryo, which is tolerated, accepted and favored by the maternal organism in spite of its paternal semi-allogeneicity. From all these considerations, novel research directions, potential innovative tumor therapy and prophylaxis strategies might, theoretically, result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Manzo
- General Pathology, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, Retired, Botrugno, Italy
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