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Budczies J, Romanovsky E, Kirchner M, Neumann O, Blasi M, Schnorbach J, Shah R, Bozorgmehr F, Savai R, Stiewe T, Peters S, Schirmacher P, Thomas M, Kazdal D, Christopoulos P, Stenzinger A. KRAS and TP53 co-mutation predicts benefit of immune checkpoint blockade in lung adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2024; 131:524-533. [PMID: 38866964 PMCID: PMC11300455 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02746-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predictive biomarkers in use for immunotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer are of limited sensitivity and specificity. We analysed the potential of activating KRAS and pathogenic TP53 mutations to provide additional predictive information. METHODS The study cohort included 713 consecutive immunotherapy patients with advanced lung adenocarcinomas, negative for actionable genetic alterations. Additionally, two previously published immunotherapy and two surgical patient cohorts were analyzed. Therapy benefit was stratified by KRAS and TP53 mutations. Molecular characteristics underlying KRASmut/TP53mut tumours were revealed by the analysis of TCGA data. RESULTS An interaction between KRAS and TP53 mutations was observed in univariate and multivariate analyses of overall survival (Hazard ratio [HR] = 0.56, p = 0.0044 and HR = 0.53, p = 0.0021) resulting in a stronger benefit for KRASmut/TP53mut tumours (HR = 0.71, CI 0.55-0.92). This observation was confirmed in immunotherapy cohorts but not observed in surgical cohorts. Tumour mutational burden, proliferation, and PD-L1 mRNA were significantly higher in TP53-mutated tumours, regardless of KRAS status. Genome-wide expression analysis revealed 64 genes, including CX3CL1 (fractalkine), as specific transcriptomic characteristic of KRASmut/TP53mut tumours. CONCLUSIONS KRAS/TP53 co-mutation predicts ICI benefit in univariate and multivariate survival analyses and is associated with unique molecular tumour features. Mutation testing of the two genes can be easily implemented using small NGS panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Budczies
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Center for Personalized Medicine (ZPM), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Eva Romanovsky
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Kirchner
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Neumann
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Blasi
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schnorbach
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rajiv Shah
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Farastuk Bozorgmehr
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Solange Peters
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Personalized Medicine (ZPM), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Thomas
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Kazdal
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Personalized Medicine (ZPM), Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petros Christopoulos
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Personalized Medicine (ZPM), Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
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Bruss C, Albert V, Seitz S, Blaimer S, Kellner K, Pohl F, Ortmann O, Brockhoff G, Wege AK. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy in ER +, HER2 +, and triple-negative -specific breast cancer based humanized tumor mice enhances anti-PD-L1 treatment efficacy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355130. [PMID: 38742103 PMCID: PMC11089195 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pre-operative radiation therapy is not currently integrated into the treatment protocols for breast cancer. However, transforming immunological "cold" breast cancers by neoadjuvant irradiation into their "hot" variants is supposed to elicit an endogenous tumor immune defense and, thus, enhance immunotherapy efficiency. We investigated cellular and immunological effects of sub-lethal, neoadjuvant irradiation of ER pos., HER2 pos., and triple-negative breast cancer subtypes in-vitro and in-vivo in humanized tumor mice (HTM). This mouse model is characterized by a human-like immune system and therefore facilitates detailed analysis of the mechanisms and efficiency of neoadjuvant, irradiation-induced "in-situ vaccination", especially in the context of concurrently applied checkpoint therapy. Similar to clinical appearances, we observed a gradually increased immunogenicity from the luminal over the HER2-pos. to the triple negative subtype in HTM indicated by an increasing immune cell infiltration into the tumor tissue. Anti-PD-L1 therapy divided the HER2-pos. and triple negative HTM groups into responder and non-responder, while the luminal HTMs were basically irresponsive. Irradiation alone was effective in the HER2-pos. and luminal subtype-specific HTM and was supportive for overcoming irresponsiveness to single anti-PD-L1 treatment. The treatment success correlated with a significantly increased T cell proportion and PD-1 expression in the spleen. In all subtype-specific HTM combination therapy proved most effective in diminishing tumor growth, enhancing the immune response, and converted non-responder into responder during anti-PD-L1 therapy. In HTM, neoadjuvant irradiation reinforced anti-PD-L1 checkpoint treatment of breast cancer in a subtype -specific manner. According to the "bench to bedside" principle, this study offers a vital foundation for clinical translating the use of neoadjuvant irradiation in the context of checkpoint therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Bruss
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Veruschka Albert
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Seitz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Blaimer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kellner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Pohl
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Ortmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gero Brockhoff
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja K. Wege
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Regensburg, Germany
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3
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Sharma A, Singh P, Jha R, Almatroodi SA, Alrumaihi F, Rahmani AH, Alharbi HO, Dohare R, Syed MA. Exploring the role of miR-200 family in regulating CX3CR1 and CXCR1 in lung adenocarcinoma tumor microenvironment: implications for therapeutic intervention. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16333. [PMID: 37770496 PMCID: PMC10539366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common malignant subtype of lung cancer (LC). miR-200 family is one of the prime miR regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and worst overall survival (OS) in LC patients. The study aimed to identify and validate the key differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs) regulated by miR-200 family which may serve for therapeutic aspects in LUAD tumor microenvironment (TME) by affecting cancer progression, invasion, and metastasis. The study identified differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in LUAD, consisting of hsa-miR-200a-3p and hsa-miR-141-5p, respectively. Two highest-degree subnetwork motifs identified from 3-node miRNA FFL were: (i) miR-200a-3p-CX3CR1-SPIB and (ii) miR-141-5p-CXCR1-TBX21. TIMER analysis showed that the expression levels of CX3CR1 and CXCR1 were significantly positively correlated with infiltrating levels of M0-M2 macrophages and natural killer T (NKT) cells. The OS of LUAD patients was significantly affected by lower expression levels of hsa-miR-200a-3p, CX3CR1 and SPIB. These DEIRGs were validated using the human protein atlas (HPA) web server. Further, we validated the regulatory role of hsa-miR-200a-3p in an in-vitro indirect co-culture model using conditioned media from M0, M1 and M2 polarized macrophages (THP-1) and LUAD cell lines (A549 and H1299 cells). The results pointed out the essential role of hsa-miR-200a-3p regulated CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 expression in progression of LC TME. Thus, the study augments a comprehensive understanding and new strategies for LUAD treatment where miR-200 family regulated immune-related genes, especially chemokine receptors, which regulate the metastasis and invasion of LUAD, leading to the worst associated OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Sharma
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Prithvi Singh
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Rishabh Jha
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, 51452, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, 51452, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, 51452, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajed Obaid Alharbi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, 51452, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ravins Dohare
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Translational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Qi C, Ma J, Sun J, Wu X, Ding J. The role of molecular subtypes and immune infiltration characteristics based on disulfidptosis-associated genes in lung adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:204782. [PMID: 37315289 PMCID: PMC10292876 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common type of lung cancer which accounts for about 40% of all lung cancers. Early detection, risk stratification and treatment are important for improving outcomes for LUAD. Recent studies have found that abnormal accumulation of cystine and other disulfide occurs in the cell under glucose starvation, which induces disulfide stress and increases the content of disulfide bond in actin cytoskeleton, resulting in cell death, which is defined as disulfidptosis. Because the study of disulfidptosis is in its infancy, its role in disease progression is still unclear. In this study, we detected the expression and mutation of disulfidptosis genes in LUAD using a public database. Clustering analysis based on disulfidptosis gene was performed and differential genes of disulfidptosis subtype were analyzed. 7 differential genes of disulfidptosis subtype were used to construct a prognostic risk model, and the causes of prognostic differences were investigated by immune-infiltration analysis, immune checkpoint analysis, and drug sensitivity analysis. qPCR was used to verify the expression of 7 key genes in lung cancer cell line (A549) and normal bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B). Since G6PD had the highest risk factor of lung cancer, we further verified the protein expression of G6PD in lung cancer cells by western blot, and confirmed through colony formation experiment that interference with G6PD was able to significantly inhibit the proliferation ability of lung cancer cells. Our results provide evidence for the role of disulfidptosis in LUAD and provide new ideas for individualized precision therapy of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Qi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingdao Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianmin Ma
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinjin Sun
- Department of Operating Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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5
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Sun Y. A systematic pan-cancer analysis reveals the clinical prognosis and immunotherapy value of C-X3-C motif ligand 1 (CX3CL1). Front Genet 2023; 14:1183795. [PMID: 37153002 PMCID: PMC10157490 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1183795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now widely known that C-X3-C motif ligand 1 (CX3CL1) plays an essential part in the process of regulating pro-inflammatory cells migration across a wide range of inflammatory disorders, including a number of malignancies. However, there has been no comprehensive study on the correlation between CX3CL1 and cancers on the basis of clinical features. In order to investigate the potential function of CX3CL1 in the clinical prognosis and immunotherapy, I evaluated the expression of CX3CL1 in numerous cancer types, methylation levels and genetic alterations. I found CX3CL1 was differentially expressed in numerous cancer types, which indicated CX3CL1 may plays a potential role in tumor progression. Furthermore, CX3CL1 was variably expressed in methylation levels and gene alterations in most cancers according to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). CX3CL1 was robustly associated with clinical characteristics and pathological stages, suggesting that it was related to the degree of tumor malignancy and the physical function of patients. As determined by the Kaplan-Meier method of estimating survival, high CX3CL1 expression was associated with either favorable or unfavorable outcomes depending on the different types of cancer. It suggests the correlation between CX3CL1 and tumor prognosis. Significant positive correlations of CX3CL1 expression with CD4+ T cells, M1 macrophage cells and activated mast cells have been established in the majority of TCGA malignancies. Which indicates CX3CL1 plays an important role in tumor immune microenvironment. Gene Ontology (GO) terms and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the chemokine signaling pathway may shed light on the pathway for CX3CL1 to exert function. In a conclusion, our study comprehensively summarizes the potential role of CX3CL1 in clinical prognosis and immunotherapy, suggesting that CX3CL1 may represent a promising pharmacological treatment target of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Roussot N, Ghiringhelli F, Rébé C. Tumor Immunogenic Cell Death as a Mediator of Intratumor CD8 T-Cell Recruitment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223672. [PMID: 36429101 PMCID: PMC9688834 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of anticancer treatments relies on a long-term response which can be mediated by the immune system. Thus, the concept of immunogenic cell death (ICD) describes the capacity of dying cancer cells, under chemotherapy or physical stress, to express or release danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These DAMPs are essential to activate dendritic cells (DCs) and to stimulate an antigen presentation to CD8 cytotoxic cells. Then, activated CD8 T cells exert their antitumor effects through cytotoxic molecules, an effect which is transitory due to the establishment of a feedback loop leading to T-cell exhaustion. This phenomenon can be reversed using immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs), such as anti-PD-1, PD-L1 or CTLA-4 Abs. However, the blockade of these checkpoints is efficient only if the CD8 T cells are recruited within the tumor. The CD8 T-cell chemoattraction is mediated by chemokines. Hence, an important question is whether the ICD can not only influence the DC activation and resulting CD8 T-cell activation but can also favor the chemokine production at the tumor site, thus triggering their recruitment. This is the aim of this review, in which we will decipher the role of some chemokines (and their specific receptors), shown to be released during ICD, on the CD8 T-cell recruitment and antitumor response. We will also analyze the clinical applications of these chemokines as predictive or prognostic markers or as new targets which should be used to improve patients' response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Roussot
- Cancer Biology Transfer Platform, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, F-21000 Dijon, France
- UFR Sciences de Santé, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Cancer Biology Transfer Platform, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, F-21000 Dijon, France
- UFR Sciences de Santé, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Genetic and Immunology Medical Institute, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (C.R.)
| | - Cédric Rébé
- Cancer Biology Transfer Platform, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, F-21000 Dijon, France
- UFR Sciences de Santé, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (C.R.)
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Nakamura M, Magara T, Kano S, Matsubara A, Kato H, Morita A. Tertiary Lymphoid Structures and Chemokine Landscape in Virus-Positive and Virus-Negative Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:811586. [PMID: 35223493 PMCID: PMC8867579 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.811586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are used as biomarkers in many cancers for predicting the prognosis and assessing the response to immunotherapy. In Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), TLSs have only been examined in MCPyV-positive cases. Here, we examined the prognostic value of the presence or absence of TLSs in 61 patients with MCC, including MCPyV-positive and MCPyV-negative cases. TLS-positive samples had a significantly better prognosis than TLS-negative samples. MCPyV-positive samples had a good prognosis with or without TLSs, and MCPyV-negative/TLS-positive samples had a similarly good prognosis as MCPyV-positive samples. Only MCPyV-negative/TLS-negative samples had a significantly poor prognosis. All cases with spontaneous regression were MCPyV-positive/TLS-positive. We also performed a comprehensive analysis of the chemokines associated with TLS formation using next-generation sequencing (NGS). The RNA sequencing results revealed 5 chemokine genes, CCL5, CCR2, CCR7, CXCL9, and CXCL13, with significantly high expression in TLS-positive samples compared with TLS-negative samples in both MCPyV-positive and MCPyV-negative samples. Only 2 chemokine genes, CXCL10 and CX3CR1, had significantly different expression levels in the presence or absence of MCPyV infection in TLS-negative samples. Patients with high CXCL13 or CCL5 expression have a significantly better prognosis than those with low expression. In conclusion, the presence of TLSs can be a potential prognostic marker even in cohorts that include MCPyV-negative cases. Chemokine profiles may help us understand the tumor microenvironment in patients with MCPyV-positive or MCPyV-negative MCC and may be a useful prognostic marker in their own right.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Nakamura
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Magara
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Kano
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsubara
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kato
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akimichi Morita
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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8
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Multifaceted Roles of Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Tumor Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236132. [PMID: 34885241 PMCID: PMC8656932 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Various immune cells are involved in host immune responses to cancer. T-helper (Th) 1 cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and natural killer cells are the major effector cells in anti-tumor immunity, whereas cells such as regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells are negatively involved in anti-tumor immunity. Th2 cells and Th17 cells have been shown to have both pro-tumor and anti-tumor activities. The migratory properties of various immune cells are essential for their function and critically regulated by the chemokine superfamily. In this review, we summarize the roles of various immune cells in tumor immunity and their migratory regulation by the chemokine superfamily. We also assess the therapeutic possibilities of targeting chemokines and chemokine receptors in cancer immunotherapy. Abstract Various immune cells are involved in host tumor immune responses. In particular, there are many T cell subsets with different roles in tumor immunity. T-helper (Th) 1 cells are involved in cellular immunity and thus play the major role in host anti-tumor immunity by inducing and activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). On the other hand, Th2 cells are involved in humoral immunity and suppressive to Th1 responses. Regulatory T (Treg) cells negatively regulate immune responses and contribute to immune evasion of tumor cells. Th17 cells are involved in inflammatory responses and may play a role in tumor progression. However, recent studies have also shown that Th17 cells are capable of directly inducting CTLs and thus may promote anti-tumor immunity. Besides these T cell subsets, there are many other innate immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that are involved in host immune responses to cancer. The migratory properties of various immune cells are critical for their functions and largely regulated by the chemokine superfamily. Thus, chemokines and chemokine receptors play vital roles in the orchestration of host immune responses to cancer. In this review, we overview the various immune cells involved in host responses to cancer and their migratory properties regulated by the chemokine superfamily. Understanding the roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in host immune responses to cancer may provide new therapeutic opportunities for cancer immunotherapy.
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Ahluwalia P, Ahluwalia M, Mondal AK, Sahajpal NS, Kota V, Rojiani MV, Kolhe R. Natural Killer Cells and Dendritic Cells: Expanding Clinical Relevance in the Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164037. [PMID: 34439191 PMCID: PMC8394984 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major subtype of lung cancer that accounts for almost 85% of lung cancer cases worldwide. Although recent advances in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy have helped in the clinical management of these patients, the survival rate in advanced stages remains dismal. Furthermore, there is a critical lack of accurate prognostic and stratification markers for emerging immunotherapies. To harness immune response modalities for therapeutic benefits, a detailed understanding of the immune cells in the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) is required. Among the diverse immune cells, natural killer (NK cells) and dendritic cells (DCs) have generated tremendous interest in the scientific community. NK cells play a critical role in tumor immunosurveillance by directly killing malignant cells. DCs link innate and adaptive immune systems by cross-presenting the antigens to T cells. The presence of an immunosuppressive milieu in tumors can lead to inactivation and poor functioning of NK cells and DCs, which results in an adverse outcome for many cancer patients, including those with NSCLC. Recently, clinical intervention using modified NK cells and DCs have shown encouraging response in advanced NSCLC patients. Herein, we will discuss prognostic and predictive aspects of NK cells and DC cells with an emphasis on NSCLC. Additionally, the discussion will extend to potential strategies that seek to enhance the anti-tumor functionality of NK cells and DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Ahluwalia
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.A.); (A.K.M.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Meenakshi Ahluwalia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Ashis K. Mondal
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.A.); (A.K.M.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Nikhil S. Sahajpal
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.A.); (A.K.M.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Vamsi Kota
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Mumtaz V. Rojiani
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.A.); (A.K.M.); (N.S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-721-2771; Fax: +1-706-434-6053
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10
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Ramachandran S, Verma AK, Dev K, Goyal Y, Bhatt D, Alsahli MA, Rahmani AH, Almatroudi A, Almatroodi SA, Alrumaihi F, Khan NA. Role of Cytokines and Chemokines in NSCLC Immune Navigation and Proliferation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5563746. [PMID: 34336101 PMCID: PMC8313354 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5563746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With over a million deaths every year around the world, lung cancer is found to be the most recurrent cancer among all types. Nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) amounts to about 85% of the entire cases. The other 15% owes it to small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Despite decades of research, the prognosis for NSCLC patients is poorly understood with treatment options limited. First, this article emphasises on the part that tumour microenvironment (TME) and its constituents play in lung cancer progression. This review also highlights the inflammatory (pro- or anti-) roles of different cytokines (ILs, TGF-β, and TNF-α) and chemokine (CC, CXC, C, and CX3C) families in the lung TME, provoking tumour growth and subsequent metastasis. The write-up also pinpoints recent developments in the field of chemokine biology. Additionally, it covers the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), as alternate carriers of cytokines and chemokines. This allows the cytokines/chemokines to modulate the EVs for their secretion, trafficking, and aid in cancer proliferation. In the end, this review also stresses on the role of these factors as prognostic biomarkers for lung immunotherapy, apart from focusing on inflammatory actions of these chemoattractants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Ramachandran
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Main Campus, Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit K Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Yamini Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naushad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Alatoo International University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
- Department of Trauma and Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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11
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Fan T, Lu Z, Liu Y, Wang L, Tian H, Zheng Y, Zheng B, Xue L, Tan F, Xue Q, Gao S, Li C, He J. A Novel Immune-Related Seventeen-Gene Signature for Predicting Early Stage Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Prognosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:665407. [PMID: 34177903 PMCID: PMC8226174 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.665407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasingly early stage lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) being discovered, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive analysis of the prognostic characteristics of early stage LUSC. Here, we developed an immune-related gene signature for outcome prediction of early stage LUSC based on three independent cohorts. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using CIBERSORT and ESTMATE algorithm. Then, a 17-immune-related gene (RPRM, APOH, SSX1, MSGN1, HPR, ISM2, FGA, LBP, HAS1, CSF2, RETN, CCL2, CCL21, MMP19, PTGIS, F13A1, C1QTNF1) signature was identified using univariate Cox regression, LASSO regression and stepwise multivariable Cox analysis based on the verified DEGs from 401 cases in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Subsequently, a cohort of GSE74777 containing 107 cases downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and an independent data set consisting of 36 frozen tissues collected from National Cancer Center were used to validate the predictive value of the signature. Seventeen immune-related genes were identified from TCGA cohort, which were further used to establish a classification system to construct cases into high- and low-risk groups in terms of overall survival. This classifier was still an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. In addition, another two independent cohorts and different clinical subgroups validated the significant predictive value of the signature. Further mechanism research found early stage LUSC patients with high risk had special immune cell infiltration characteristics and gene mutation profiles. In conclusion, we characterized the tumor microenvironment and established a highly predictive model for evaluating the prognosis of early stage LUSC, which may provide a lead for effective immunotherapeutic options tailored for each subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fan
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiliang Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liyu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liyan Xue
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengwei Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shugeng Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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12
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He Y, Liu R, Yang M, Bi W, Zhou L, Zhang S, Jin J, Liang X, Zhang P. Identification of VWF as a Novel Biomarker in Lung Adenocarcinoma by Comprehensive Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:639600. [PMID: 33968738 PMCID: PMC8100660 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.639600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality worldwide due to the lack of reliable methods for early diagnosis and effective treatment. It’s imperative to study the mechanism of its development and explore new biomarkers for early detection of LUAD. In this study, the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE43458 and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to explore the differential co-expressed genes between LUAD and normal samples. Three hundred sixity-six co-expressed genes were identified by differential gene expression analysis and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) method. Those genes were mainly enriched in ameboidal-type cell migration (biological process), collagen-containing extracellular matrix (cell component), and extracellular matrix structure constituent (molecular function). The protein-protein network (PPI) was constructed and 10 hub genes were identified, including IL6, VWF, CDH5, PECAM1, EDN1, BDNF, CAV1, SPP1, TEK, and SELE. The expression level of hub genes was validated in the GEPIA database, compared with normal tissues, VWF is lowly expressed and SPP1 is upregulated in LUAD tissues. The survival analysis showed increased expression of SPP1 indicated unfavorable prognosis whereas high expression of VWF suggested favorable prognosis in LUAD (p < 0.05). Based on the immune infiltration analysis, the relationship between SPP1 and VWF expression and macrophage, neutrophil, and dendritic cell infiltration was weak in LUAD. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were used to validate the expression of VWF and SPP1 in normal human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell and three LUAD cell lines, H1299, H1975, and A549. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was further performed to detect the expression of VWF in 10 cases LUAD samples and matched normal tissues. In summary, the data suggest that VWF is a potential novel biomarker for prognosis of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wu Bi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liuyin Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xujun Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Lee H, Da Silva IP, Palendira U, Scolyer RA, Long GV, Wilmott JS. Targeting NK Cells to Enhance Melanoma Response to Immunotherapies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061363. [PMID: 33802954 PMCID: PMC8002669 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a key component of an innate immune system. They are important not only in initiating, but also in augmenting adaptive immune responses. NK cell activation is mediated by a carefully orchestrated balance between the signals from inhibitory and activating NK cell receptors. NK cells are potent producers of proinflammatory cytokines and are also able to elicit strong antitumor responses through secretion of perforin and granzyme B. Tumors can develop many mechanisms to evade NK cell antitumor responses, such as upregulating ligands for inhibitory receptors, secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines and recruiting immunosuppressive cells. Enhancing NK cell responses will likely augment the effectiveness of immunotherapies, and strategies to accomplish this are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. A comprehensive understanding of NK cell biology will likely provide additional opportunities to further leverage the antitumor effects of NK cells. In this review, we therefore sought to highlight NK cell biology, tumor evasion of NK cells and clinical trials that target NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Lee
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (H.L.); (I.P.D.S.); (U.P.); (R.A.S.); (J.S.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Inês Pires Da Silva
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (H.L.); (I.P.D.S.); (U.P.); (R.A.S.); (J.S.W.)
| | - Umaimainthan Palendira
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (H.L.); (I.P.D.S.); (U.P.); (R.A.S.); (J.S.W.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, The Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Richard A. Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (H.L.); (I.P.D.S.); (U.P.); (R.A.S.); (J.S.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Georgina V. Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (H.L.); (I.P.D.S.); (U.P.); (R.A.S.); (J.S.W.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital and Mater Hospital, Sydney 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9911-7336
| | - James S. Wilmott
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (H.L.); (I.P.D.S.); (U.P.); (R.A.S.); (J.S.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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14
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Rivas-Fuentes S, Salgado-Aguayo A, Arratia-Quijada J, Gorocica-Rosete P. Regulation and biological functions of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis and its relevance in solid cancer: A mini-review. J Cancer 2021; 12:571-583. [PMID: 33391453 PMCID: PMC7738983 DOI: 10.7150/jca.47022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CX3CL1 is a transmembrane protein from which a soluble form can be generated by proteolytic shedding. Membranal and soluble forms of CX3CL1 exhibit different functions, although both bind to the CX3CR1 chemokine receptor. The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis mediates the adhesion of leukocytes and is also involved in cell survival and recruitment of immune cell subpopulations. The function of CX3CL1 is finely tuned by cytokines and transcription factors regulating its expression and post-translational modifications. On homeostasis, the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis participates in the removal of damaged neurons and neurogenesis, and it is also involved on several pathological contexts. The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis induces several cellular responses relevant to cancer such as proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis resistance. In this review, we address biological aspects of this molecular axis with important therapeutic potential, emphasizing its role in cancer, one of the most prevalent chronic diseases which significantly affect the quality of life and life expectancy of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Rivas-Fuentes
- Department of Research on Biochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Salgado-Aguayo
- Laboratory of Research on Rheumatic Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jenny Arratia-Quijada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Patricia Gorocica-Rosete
- Department of Research on Biochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Ma Q, He J. Enhanced expression of queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase 1 ( QTRT1) predicts poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1658. [PMID: 33490170 PMCID: PMC7812218 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most frequently diagnosed type of lung cancer with high percentage of tumor relapse and metastasis. The correlation between queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase 1 (QTRT1) expression and LUAD remains largely unknown. In this study, we aim to investigate the potential role of QTRT1 expression in the prognosis of LUAD. Methods We abstracted data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and four independent Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. In total, 1,012 LUAD samples and 112 normal tissue samples were selected. The relationship between QTRT1 expression, methylation, and clinical features in LUAD were determined, and bioinformatics analyses were also performed. Results The expression of QTRT1 was higher in LUAD patients. A marked downregulation in QTRT1 methylation in LUAD was also found. Low QTRT1 expression was associated with longer overall survival across the GEO and TCGA datasets (P=0.0033, 0.0022, respectively). Furthermore, QTRT1 expression was significantly correlated with 'axoneme assembly', 'androgen response', and 'epithelial mesenchymal transition', as determined by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis. Conclusions QTRT1 was highly expressed in LUAD, and enhanced expression of QTRT1 might therefore serve as a biomarker for poor prognosis in LUAD. The result of bioinformatic analyses might present a new insight for investigating the pathogenesis of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Hu S, Zeng W, Zhang W, Xu J, Yu D, Peng J, Wei Y. KIAA0101 as a new diagnostic and prognostic marker, and its correlation with gene regulatory networks and immune infiltrates in lung adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:301-339. [PMID: 33231570 PMCID: PMC7835026 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen binding factor (encoded by KIAA0101/PCLAF) regulates DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression; however, whether the level of KIAA0101 mRNA in lung adenocarcinoma is related to prognosis and tumor immune infiltration is unknown. In patients with lung adenocarcinoma, the differential expression of KIAA0101 was analyzed using the Oncomine, GEPIA, and Ualcan databases. The prognosis of patients with different KIAA0101 expression levels was evaluated using databases such as Prognostan and GEPIA. Tumor immune infiltration associated with KIAA0101 was analyzed using TISIDB. Linkedmics was used to perform gene set enrichment analysis of KIAA0101. KIAA0101 expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues was higher than that in normal lung tissues. Patients with lung adenocarcinoma with low KIAA0101 expression had a better prognosis than those with high KIAA0101 expression. We constructed the gene regulatory network of KIAA0101 in lung adenocarcinoma. KIAA0101 appeared to play an important role in the regulation of tumor immune infiltration and targeted therapy in lung adenocarcinoma. Thus, KIAA0101 mRNA levels correlated with the diagnosis, prognosis, immune infiltration, and targeted therapy in lung adenocarcinoma. These results provide new directions to develop diagnostic criteria, prognostic evaluation, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Weibiao Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenxiong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dongliang Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinhua Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yiping Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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17
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Development and Validation of a Seven-Gene Signature for Predicting the Prognosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1836542. [PMID: 33195688 PMCID: PMC7641279 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1836542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Prognosis is a main factor affecting the survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), yet no robust prognostic model of high effectiveness has been developed. This study is aimed at constructing a stable and practicable gene signature-based model via bioinformatics methods for predicting the prognosis of LUAD sufferers. Methods The mRNA expression data were accessed from the TCGA-LUAD dataset, and paired clinical information was collected from the GDC website. R package “edgeR” was employed to select the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were then used for the construction of a gene signature-based model via univariate COX, Lasso, and multivariate COX regression analyses. Kaplan-Meier and ROC survival analyses were conducted to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the model in predicting LUAD prognosis, and an independent dataset GSE26939 was accessed for further validation. Results Totally, 1,655 DEGs were obtained, and a 7-gene signature-based risk score was developed and formulated as risk_score = 0.000245∗NTSR1 + (7.13E − 05)∗RHOV + 0.000505∗KLK8 + (7.01E − 05)∗TNS4 + 0.000288∗C1QTNF6 + 0.00044∗IVL + 0.000161∗B4GALNT2. Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that the survival rate of patients in the high-risk group was lower in both the TCGA-LUAD dataset and GSE26939 relative to that of patients in the low-risk group. The relationship between the risk score and clinical characteristics was further investigated, finding that the model was effective in prognosis prediction in the patients with different age (age > 65, age < 65) and TNM stage (N0&N1, T1&T2, and tumor stage I/II). In sum, our study provides a robust predictive model for LUAD prognosis, which boosts the clinical research on LUAD and helps to explore the mechanism underlying the occurrence and progression of LUAD.
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18
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Wu W, Ren F, Guo M, Yang J, Xiao Y, Liu W. Increased expression of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:1189-1196. [PMID: 32975307 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1 axis are involved in the development, progression and metastasis of many types of cancers. It has been reported that CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 expression was upregulated in some solid tumors. However, their roles in thyroid cancer remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the expression of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 in human papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and their clinical significance. In this study, using immunohistochemistry, we examined the expression of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 in the tissues of 26 human PTC (including 17 classical or conventional (CPTC) and 9 follicular (FVPTC) variants of PTC; 15 cases without and 11 cases with lymph node metastasis) and 10 cases of nodular goiter (NG). Compared to NG, a significant increase in the expression of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 was found in PTC overall, as well as in CPTC and FVPTC separately. Higher CX3CL1 expression was found in CPTC than in FVPTC, but there was no significant difference in CX3CR1 expression between these subtypes of PTC. When analyzing their expressions in PTC without and with lymph node metastasis, an increased expression of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 was observed when compared to NG respectively. There was however no significant difference in CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 expressions in PTC without lymph node metastasis when compared to PTC with lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, when compared to NG, an increased expression of CX3CL1 was correlated with an increased expression of CX3CR1 in PTC. Our data indicate that CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 can be used as tumor markers for PTC and may be potential novel targets for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- School of Humanities and Management, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.,Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Human Phenome Research (LPKL-HPR), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Fu Ren
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Human Phenome Research (LPKL-HPR), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.,Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Miao Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanjie Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Human Phenome Research (LPKL-HPR), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.
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19
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Bald T, Krummel MF, Smyth MJ, Barry KC. The NK cell-cancer cycle: advances and new challenges in NK cell-based immunotherapies. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:835-847. [PMID: 32690952 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells belong to the innate immune system and contribute to protecting the host through killing of infected, foreign, stressed or transformed cells. Additionally, via cellular cross-talk, NK cells orchestrate antitumor immune responses. Hence, significant efforts have been undertaken to exploit the therapeutic properties of NK cells in cancer. Current strategies in preclinical and clinical development include adoptive transfer therapies, direct stimulation, recruitment of NK cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME), blockade of inhibitory receptors that limit NK cell functions, and therapeutic modulation of the TME to enhance antitumor NK cell function. In this Review, we introduce the NK cell-cancer cycle to highlight recent advances in NK cell biology and to discuss the progress and problems of NK cell-based cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bald
- Oncology and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew F Krummel
- Department of Pathology, ImmunoX Initiative, and Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology of Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Kevin C Barry
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Fractalkine/CX3CL1 in Neoplastic Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103723. [PMID: 32466280 PMCID: PMC7279446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fractalkine/CX3C chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) is a chemokine involved in the anticancer function of lymphocytes-mainly NK cells, T cells and dendritic cells. Its increased levels in tumors improve the prognosis for cancer patients, although it is also associated with a poorer prognosis in some types of cancers, such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. This work focuses on the 'hallmarks of cancer' involving CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1. First, we describe signal transduction from CX3CR1 and the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in this process. Next, we present the role of CX3CL1 in the context of cancer, with the focus on angiogenesis, apoptosis resistance and migration and invasion of cancer cells. In particular, we discuss perineural invasion, spinal metastasis and bone metastasis of cancers such as breast cancer, pancreatic cancer and prostate cancer. We extensively discuss the importance of CX3CL1 in the interaction with different cells in the tumor niche: tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and microglia. We present the role of CX3CL1 in the development of active human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) brain tumors. Finally, we discuss the possible use of CX3CL1 in immunotherapy.
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21
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Sarode P, Schaefer MB, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Savai R. Macrophage and Tumor Cell Cross-Talk Is Fundamental for Lung Tumor Progression: We Need to Talk. Front Oncol 2020; 10:324. [PMID: 32219066 PMCID: PMC7078651 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regardless of the promising results of certain immune checkpoint blockers, current immunotherapeutics have met a bottleneck concerning response rate, toxicity, and resistance in lung cancer patients. Accumulating evidence forecasts that the crosstalk between tumor and immune cells takes center stage in cancer development by modulating tumor malignancy, immune cell infiltration, and immune evasion in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cytokines and chemokines secreted by this crosstalk play a major role in cancer development, progression, and therapeutic management. An increased infiltration of Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) was observed in most of the human cancers, including lung cancer. In this review, we emphasize the role of cytokines and chemokines in TAM-tumor cell crosstalk in the lung TME. Given the role of cytokines and chemokines in immunomodulation, we propose that TAM-derived cytokines and chemokines govern the cancer-promoting immune responses in the TME and offer a new immunotherapeutic option for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sarode
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Martina Barbara Schaefer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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22
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Yin XH, Yu LP, Zhao XH, Li QM, Liu XP, He L. Development and validation of a 4-gene combination for the prognostication in lung adenocarcinoma patients. J Cancer 2020; 11:1940-1948. [PMID: 32194805 PMCID: PMC7052877 DOI: 10.7150/jca.37003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify a multi-gene prognostic factor in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Materials and methods Prognosis-related genes were screened in the TCGA-LUAD cohort. Then, patients in this cohort were randomly separated into training set and test set. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was performed to the penalized the Cox proportional hazards regression (CPH) model on the training set, and a prognostication combination based on the result of LASSO analysis was developed. By performing Kaplan-Meier curve analysis, univariate and multivariable CPH model on the overall survival (OS) as well as recurrence free survival (RFS), the prognostication performance of the multigene combination were evaluated. Moreover, we constructed a nomogram and performed decision curve analysis to evaluate the clinical application of the multigene combination. Results We obtained 99 prognosis-related genes and screened out a 4-gene combination (including CIDEC, ZFP3, DKK1, and USP4) according to the LASSO analysis. The results of survival analyses suggested that patients in the 4-gene combination low-risk group had better OS and RFS than those in the 4-gene combination high-risk group. The 4-gene mentioned was demonstrated to be independent prognostic factor of patients with LUAD in the training set(OS, HR=11.962, P<0.001; RFS, HR=9.281, P<0.001) and test set (OS, HR=5.377, P=0.003; RFS, HR=2.949, P=0.104). More importantly, its prognosis performance was well in the validation set (OS, HR=0.955, P=0.002; RFS, HR=1.042, P<0.001). Conclusions We introduced a 4-gene combination which could predict the survival of LUAD patients and might be an independent prognostic factor in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Yin
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei province, China.,Wuhan University School of Health Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei province, China
| | - Li-Ping Yu
- Wuhan University School of Health Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei province, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhao
- Wuhan University School of Health Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei province, China
| | - Qin-Mei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei province, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei province, China
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