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Ma B, Wang S, Li H, Wang Q, Hong Y, Bao YM, Liu H, Li M, Zhao Y, Guo LP. Combining metabolomics and transcriptomics to reveal the potential medicinal value of rare species Glycyrrhiza squamulose. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30868. [PMID: 38803917 PMCID: PMC11128877 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Licorice is a well-known Chinese medicinal plant that is widely used to treat multiple diseases and process food; however, wild licorice is now facing depletion. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify and protect licorice germplasm diversity. In this study, metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were conducted to investigate the biodiversity and potential medicinal value of the rare wild Glycyrrhiza squamulose. A total of 182 differentially accumulated metabolites and 395 differentially expressed genes were identified by comparing Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Glycyrrhiza squamulose. The molecular weights of the chemical component of G. squamulose were comparable with those of G. uralensis, suggesting that G. squamulose may have medicinal value. Differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), mainly flavonoids such as kaempferol-3-O-galactoside, kaempferol-3-O-(6"malonyl) glucoside, and hispidulin-7-O-glucoside, showed potential vitality in G. squamulose. Comparative transcriptomics with G. uralensis showed that among the 395 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 69 were enriched in the isoflavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Multiomics analysis showed that the distinction in flavonoid biosynthesis between G. squamulose and G. uralensis was strongly associated with the expression levels of IF7GT and CYP93C. In addition to identifying similarities and differences between G. squamulose and G. uralensis, this study provides a theoretical basis to protect and investigate rare species such as G. squamulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- Institute of Forestry and Grassland Ecology, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 75000, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Siru Wang
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Haonan Li
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Qinyue Wang
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yaqi Hong
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yang-mei Bao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Institute of Forestry and Grassland Ecology, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 75000, China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Forestry and Grassland Ecology, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 75000, China
| | - Yucheng Zhao
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Medical Botanical Garden, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Lan-ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
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Zhang XY, Yu L, Wang K, Wang M, Li P, Zheng ZG, Yang H. The combination of berberine and isoliquiritigenin synergistically improved adipose inflammation and obesity-induced insulin resistance. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 38729776 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
White adipose tissue accumulation and inflammation contribute to obesity by inducing insulin resistance. Herein, we aimed to screen the synergistic components of the herbal pair Coptidis Rhizoma-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma for the treatment of insulin resistance and explore the potential synergistic mechanisms. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative PCR were used to detect expression levels of inflammatory genes in vitro and in vivo. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect protein levels of the insulin signaling pathway and macrophage markers. The effects on obesity-induced insulin resistance were verified using a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. Interactions between macrophage and adipocyte were assessed using a cellular supernatant transfer assay. Berberine (BBR) and isoliquiritigenin (ISL) alleviated mRNA levels and secretion of inflammatory genes in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, BBR acted synergistically with ISL to ameliorate obesity and dyslipidemia in DIO mice. Meanwhile, the combination treatment significantly improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance and decreased M1-macrophage accumulation and infiltration in the adipose tissue. Mechanistically, co-treatment with BBR and ISL upregulated the protein expression of the IRS1-PI3K-Akt insulin signaling pathway, enhanced glucose uptake in adipocyte, and suppressed the interaction between macrophage and adipocyte. BBR and ISL were identified as the synergistic components of the herbal pair Coptidis Rhizoma-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma for treating insulin resistance. The synergistic combination of BBR with ISL can be a promising and effective strategy for improving obesity-induced adipose inflammation and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Keke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingsu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zu-Guo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Wang JY, Xie XY, Deng Y, Yang HQ, Du XS, Liu P, Du Y. Licorice zinc suppresses melanogenesis via inhibiting the activation of P38MAPK and JNK signaling pathway in C57BL/6J mice skin. Acta Cir Bras 2022; 37:e371002. [PMID: 36542040 PMCID: PMC9762428 DOI: 10.1590/acb371002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The active melanocytes in the skin were affected by hormones and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Licorice zinc has a whitening effect, which may have a prominent potential in the treatment of pigmented skin disease. METHODS Modeling chloasma C57BL/6J mice by daily progesterone injection (15 mg/kg) and ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation (λ = 312 nm, 2 h/day) for 30 days. Then, mice were given 0.65, 1.3, and 2.6 (g/kg) of licorice zinc and tranexamic acid 250 mg daily by oral administration for 14 days, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin and Fontana-Masson staining, and Western blotting (WB) were performed to test the inhibitory of melanogenesis and activation of c-Jun-N-terminal (JNK)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) for licorice zinc. Melanogenesis was induced by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in vitro. Cell counting kit-8, melanin content determination, and WB were performed to verify the inhibitory effect of licorice zinc on melanogenesis. RESULTS The present study showed that licorice zinc decreased melanin formation, cutaneous tissue injury, and the phosphorylation of JNK and P38MAPK, which was caused by UVB irradiation in vivo. In vitro, licorice zinc showed opposite effects from JNK/p38 activator. Meanwhile, tyrosinase-related protein-1, tyrosinase, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor were decreased too. CONCLUSIONS Licorice zinc induced a decrease in melanin synthesis by inhibiting the JNK and the P38MAPK signaling pathway, suggesting licorice zinc is a potential agent of anti-chloasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-yan Wang
- Master. Southwest Medical University – Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-yu Xie
- Master. Southwest Medical University – Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Deng
- Master. Southwest Medical University - Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital - Medical Cosmetic Center – Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-qiu Yang
- Master. Southwest Medical University - Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital - Medical Cosmetic Center – Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-shuang Du
- Master. Southwest Medical University - Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital - Medical Cosmetic Center – Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- Bachelor. Medical University - Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital - Medical Cosmetic Center – Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Du
- Bachelor. Medical University - Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital - Medical Cosmetic Center – Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China.,Corresponding author:
- (86 18) 283013023
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Zhou H, Dai C, Cui X, Zhang T, Che Y, Duan K, Yi L, Nguyen AD, Li N, De Souza C, Wan X, Wu Y, Li K, Liu Y, Wu Y. Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of Glycyrrhiza uralensis polysaccharide in Lohmann Brown chickens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:959449. [PMID: 36090181 PMCID: PMC9458957 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.959449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide extract 1 (GPS-1) is a bioactive component isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, also known as Chinese licorice. It appears to be pharmacologically active as an antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-tumor agent. GPS-1 has also been shown to buffer liver health and regulate the immune system. Moreover, GPS-1 is low cost and easy to extract. More study was needed to elucidate the biochemical pathways underlying the immunomodulatory and antioxidant benefits observed in Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide extract 1 (GPS-1). in vitro experiments on chicken lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) show that GPS-1 significantly promotes the proliferation of immune cells and is linked to lymphocytes' secretion of IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α by. DC secretion of NO, IL-2, IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12p70 was also increased significantly. Additionally, GPS-1 also displayed a significant antioxidant effect in vitro, able to scavenge DPPH, hydrogen peroxide, ABTS, and other free radicals like superoxide anions. Separately, GPS-1 was tested in vivo in combination with the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) - attenuated vaccine. 120 Lohmann Brown chickens were vaccinated, while another 30 became the unvaccinated blank control (BC) group. For three consecutive days 1 mL of GPS-1 was administered at doses of 19.53 μg/mL, 9.77 μg/mL, or 4.88 μg/mL to the ND-vaccinated birds, except for the vaccine control (VC), where n = 30 per group. In vivo results show that GPS-1 combined with Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine had the best efficacy at significantly increasing chickens' body weight and ND serum antibody titer, enhancing their secretion of IL-2 and IFN- γ, and promoting the development of immune organs. The results also indicate that GPS-1 was able increase the proliferation of in vitro immune cells and elevate their cytokine secretion, which enhances the body's immune response. GPS-1 also clearly has the potential to be used as an immune adjuvant alongside ND vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Dai
- Experimental Teaching Center of Life Science, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejie Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyun Che
- Engineering Laboratory for National Healthcare Theories and Products of Yunnan Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Kun Duan
- China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Animal Science, Huaihua Polytechnic College, Huaihua, China
| | - Audrey D. Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Nannan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Xin Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Bisht D, Rashid M, Arya RKK, Kumar D, Chaudhary SK, Rana VS, Sethiya NK. Revisiting liquorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) as anti-inflammatory, antivirals and immunomodulators: Potential pharmacological applications with mechanistic insight. PHYTOMEDICINE PLUS : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 2:100206. [PMID: 35403088 PMCID: PMC8683220 DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (G. glabra) commonly known as liquorice is one of the highly exploited and utilized medicinal plant of the world. Since ancient times liquorice is considered as an auspicious and valuable traditional medicine across the world for treatment of various ailments. METHOD Several electronic online scientific databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Scifinder, Google Scholar, online books and reports were assessed for collecting information. All the collected information was classified into different sections to meet the objective of the paper. RESULTS The electronic database search yielded 3908 articles from different countries. Out of them one ninety-eight articles published between 1956 and 2021 were included, corresponding to all detailed review on G. glabra and research on anti-inflammatories, antivirals and immunomodulatory through pre-clinical and clinical models. From all selective area of studies on G. glabra and its bioactive components it was established (including molecular mechanisms) as a suitable remedy as per the current requirement of pandemic situation arise through respiratory tract infection. CONCLUSION Different relevant studies have been thoroughly reviewed to gain an insight on utility of liquorice and its bioactive constituents for anti-inflammatories, antivirals and immunomodulatory effects with special emphasized for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection with possible mechanism of action at molecular level. Proposed directions for future research are also outlined to encourage researchers to find out various mechanistic targets and useful value added products of liquorice in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Bisht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sir J. C. Bose Technical Campus Bhimtal, Kumaun University Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Mohmmad Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Colleges, Al-Qassim, 31717, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajeshwar Kamal Kant Arya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sir J. C. Bose Technical Campus Bhimtal, Kumaun University Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 229, India
| | | | - Vijay Singh Rana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India
| | - Neeraj K Sethiya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India
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Wahab S, Annadurai S, Abullais SS, Das G, Ahmad W, Ahmad MF, Kandasamy G, Vasudevan R, Ali MS, Amir M. Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): A Comprehensive Review on Its Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, Clinical Evidence and Toxicology. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122751. [PMID: 34961221 PMCID: PMC8703329 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There are more than 30 species of Glycyrrhiza genus extensively spread worldwide. It was the most prescribed herb in Ancient Egyptian, Roman, Greek, East China, and the West from the Former Han era. There are various beneficial effects of licorice root extracts, such as treating throat infections, tuberculosis, respiratory, liver diseases, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and immunodeficiency. On the other hand, traditional medicines are getting the attraction to treat many diseases. Therefore, it is vital to screen the medicinal plants to find the potential of new compounds to treat chronic diseases such as respiratory, cardiovascular, anticancer, hepatoprotective, etc. This work comprehensively reviews ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemistry, biological activities, clinical evidence, and the toxicology of licorice, which will serve as a resource for future clinical and fundamental studies. An attempt has been made to establish the pharmacological effect of licorice in different diseases. In addition, the focus of this review article is on the molecular mechanism of licorice extracts and their four flavonoids (isoliquiritigenin, liquiritigenin, lichalocone, and glabridin) pharmacologic activities. Licorice could be a natural alternative for current therapy to exterminate new emerging disorders with mild side effects. This review will provide systematic insights into this ancient drug for further development and clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sivakumar Annadurai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shahabe Saquib Abullais
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Gotam Das
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Safaa, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Geetha Kandasamy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rajalakshimi Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md Sajid Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohd Amir
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicines, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
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Gomaa AA, Abdel-Wadood YA. The potential of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract in combating COVID-19 and associated conditions. PHYTOMEDICINE PLUS : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 1:100043. [PMID: 35399823 PMCID: PMC7886629 DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several recent studies have stated that glycyrrhizin and licorice extract are present in most traditional Chinese medicine formulas used against SARS-CoV-2 in China. Significant data are showing that glycyrrhizin and licorice extract have multiple beneficial activities in combating most features of SARS-CoV-2. PURPOSE The aim of current review was to highlight recent progresses in research that showed the evidence of the potential use of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract against COVID-19. METHODOLOGY We have reviewed the information published from 1979 to October 2020. These studies demonstrated the effects , use and safety of glycyrrhizin and icorice extract against viral infections,bacterial infections, inflammatory disorders of lung ( in vitro and in vivo). These studies were collated through online electronic databases research (Academic libraries as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Egyptian Knowledge Bank). RESULTS Pooled effect size of articles provides information about the rationale for using glycyrrhizin and licorice extract to treat COVID-19. Fifty studies demonstrate antiviral activity of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract. The most frequent mechanism of the antiviral activity is due to disrupting viral uptake into the host cells and disrupting the interaction between receptor- binding domain (RBD) of SARS-COV2 and ACE2 in recent articles. Fifty studies indicate that glycyrrhizin and licorice extract have significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Twenty five studies provide evidence for the protective effect of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract against inflammation-induced acute lung injury and cardiovascular disorders. CONCLUSION The current study showed several evidence regarding the beneficial effects of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract in combating COVID-19. More randomized clinical trials are needed to obtain a precise conclusion.
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Key Words
- 18β-GA, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid
- : ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- ALI, acute lung injury
- ARDS, acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- Acute lung injury protector
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- DCs, dendritic cells
- Gl, glycyrrhizin
- Glycyrrhizin and licorice extract;Antiviral and antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
- HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1
- IL, interleukin
- Immunododulator
- MAPKs, mitogen-activated protein kinases
- MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome
- MR, mineralocorticoid receptor
- MRSA, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- NO, nitric oxide
- RBD, receptor-binding domain
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- S, Spike
- SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TMPRSS2, type 2 transmembrane serine protease
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- h, hour
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- licorice extract, LE
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel A Gomaa
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut Universitya, Beni-Suif, Egypt
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Dzampaeva ZV, Datieva FS, Esenova ZS, Takoeva EA. Efficacy of Complex Phytoadaptogens as an Adjunct to Non-surgical Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:348-356. [PMID: 34268198 PMCID: PMC8257011 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_56_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many herbal formulas are used in dentistry in the complex treatment and prevention of periodontitis, but it is not always possible to achieve a long-term remission and stimulate regeneration of periodontal structures. Aim: The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to assess the efficacy of chronotherapy with complex phytoadaptogens (CFA) as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) and to achieve long-term remission. Materials and Methods: Forty systemically healthy patients with chronic generalized periodontitis (probing pocket depth ≥5 mm) were randomly divided into two groups: patients in one group received treatment with NSPT alone (group 2), whereas patients in another group received CFA in addition to NSPT (group 3). Twenty individuals with healthy periodontium (group 1) composed a control group. The clinical outcomes, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI), Periodontal Index (PI), and Doppler ultrasound results, were assessed on baseline, after treatment, and 6 months after treatment. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between groups 2 and 3, in favor of group 3 in terms of microcirculation parameters—S (P = 0.03), M (P = 0.02), D (P = 0.03), and RI (P = 0.005); indicators of PI (P = 0.005), SBI (P = 0.03), and OHI-S (P = 0.006) were closer to the normal values during 6-month follow-up. Also there was a statistical difference (P < 0.05) at all time points compared with controls, for several parameters in intragroup comparison. Conclusion: The data obtained confirm the hypothesis that CFA application in chronic periodontitis treatment is more than appropriate for long-term prevention due to their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, stress-limiting, chronotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanna Valerevna Dzampaeva
- Institute of Biomedical Investigations-The Affiliate of Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladikavkaz, Russia
| | - Fatima Sergeevna Datieva
- Institute of Biomedical Investigations-The Affiliate of Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladikavkaz, Russia
| | - Zaira Savelevna Esenova
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry Named After A.I. Evdokimov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Astanovna Takoeva
- Institute of Biomedical Investigations-The Affiliate of Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladikavkaz, Russia
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