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Kandasamy G, Almaghaslah D, Almanasef M, Almeleebia T, Vasudevan R, Siddiqua A, Shorog E, M. Alshahrani A, Prabahar K, Veeramani VP, Amirthalingam P, F. Alqifari S, Mani V, Viswanath Reddy LK. An evaluation of knee osteoarthritis pain in the general community-Asir region, Saudi Arabia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296313. [PMID: 38206937 PMCID: PMC10783780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most common conditions resulting in disability, particularly in the elderly population. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common articular disease and the leading cause of chronic disability in the developed world. OBJECTIVE This study was carried out to evaluate knee pain in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. An analytical cross-sectional survey design was adopted in the Asir region from April 2023 to August 2023 to assess the knee pain of the adult population using an anonymous online questionnaire. RESULTS Of 1234, 332 were men (26.90) and 902 were women (73.09). WOMAC index score category 55.34% (n = 683) of the subjects had a low risk (score <60), 28.68% (n = 354) had a moderate risk (score 60-80), and 15.96% (n = 197) had a high risk (score ≥81) for KOA. According to clinical criteria, 79.33% (n = 979) of the study subjects had OA. Age group, gender 2.17 (1. 67-2.82) [OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.67-2.82), family history of OA [OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.37-0.62], diabetes [OR 2.78; 95% CI 2.17-3.56], hypertension [OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.26-0.45] were significantly associated with the percentage of the WOMAC index score using the Chi-square test analysis (P<0.05). Therefore, the WOMAC index showed higher diagnostic precision with a statistically significant association [OR 9.31 CI 6.90-12.81] with a P< 0.0001. CONCLUSION KOA is more common in older, obese people who have reached the age of 50 in the Asir region, and it is more prevalent in women. Alarms the need for appropriate awareness programs for better disease prevention and health outcomes for the benefit of the community through general public health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Kandasamy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Almaghaslah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Almanasef
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Almeleebia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajalakshimi Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayesha Siddiqua
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Shorog
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma M. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kousalya Prabahar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vinoth Prabhu Veeramani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saleh F. Alqifari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Shewade HD, Frederick A, Kalyanasundaram M, Chadwick J, Kiruthika G, Rajasekar TD, Gayathri K, Vijayaprabha R, Sabarinathan R, Shivakumar SVBY, Jeyashree K, Bhavani PK, Aarthi S, Suma KV, Pathinathan DP, Parthasarathy R, Nivetha MB, Thampi JG, Chidambaram D, Bhatnagar T, Lokesh S, Devika S, Laux TS, Viswanathan S, Sridhar R, Krishnamoorthy K, Sakthivel M, Karunakaran S, Rajkumar S, Ramachandran M, Kanagaraj KD, Kaleeswari M, Durai VP, Saravanan R, Sugantha A, Khan SZHM, Sangeetha P, Vasudevan R, Nedunchezhian R, Sankari M, Jeevanandam N, Ganapathy S, Rajasekaran V, Mathavi T, Rajaprakash AR, Murali L, Pugal U, Sundaralingam K, Savithri S, Vellasamy S, Dheenadayal D, Ashok P, Jayasree K, Sudhakar R, Rajan KP, Tharageshwari N, Chokkalingam D, Anandrajkumar SM, Selvavinayagam TS, Padmapriyadarsini C, Ramachandran R, Murhekar MV. --Eleven tips for operational researchers working with health programmes: our experience based on implementing differentiated tuberculosis care in south India. Glob Health Action 2023; 16:2161231. [PMID: 36621943 PMCID: PMC9833404 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2022.2161231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the workload and lack of a critical mass of trained operational researchers within their ranks, health systems and programmes may not be able to dedicate sufficient time to conducting operational research (OR). Hence, they may need the technical support of operational researchers from research/academic organisations. Additionally, there is a knowledge gap regarding implementing differentiated tuberculosis (TB) care in programme settings. In this 'how we did it' paper, we share our experience of implementing a differentiated TB care model along with an inbuilt OR component in Tamil Nadu, a southern state in India. This was a health system initiative through a collaboration of the State TB cell with the Indian Council of Medical Research institutes and the World Health Organisation country office in India. The learnings are in the form of eleven tips: four broad principles (OR on priority areas and make it a health system initiative, implement simple and holistic ideas, embed OR within routine programme settings, aim for long-term engagement), four related to strategic planning (big team of investigators, joint leadership, decentralised decision-making, working in advance) and three about implementation planning (conducting pilots, smart use of e-tools and operational research publications at frequent intervals). These may act as a guide for other Indian states, high TB burden countries that want to implement differentiated care, and for operational researchers in providing technical assistance for strengthening implementation and conducting OR in health systems and programmes (TB or other health programmes). Following these tips may increase the chances of i) an enriching engagement, ii) policy/practice change, and iii) sustainable implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Deepak Shewade
- ICMR – National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India,CONTACT Hemant Deepak Shewade ; Department of Health Research, Government of India, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, R-127, Second Main Road, TNHB, Ayapakkam, Chennai600077, India
| | | | | | | | - G. Kiruthika
- ICMR – National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | | | - K. Gayathri
- ICMR – National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | | | - P. K. Bhavani
- ICMR – National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - S. Aarthi
- State TB Cell, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K. V. Suma
- The WHO Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S. Lokesh
- ICMR – National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Stalin Viswanathan
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - R. Sridhar
- Government Hospital of Thoracic Medicine, Tambaram, India
| | - K. Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital, Tirunelveli, India
| | - M. Sakthivel
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Karunakaran
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Rajkumar
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - M. Ramachandran
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K. D. Kanagaraj
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - M. Kaleeswari
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - V. P. Durai
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - R. Saravanan
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - A. Sugantha
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | | | - P. Sangeetha
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - R. Vasudevan
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - R. Nedunchezhian
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - M. Sankari
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - N. Jeevanandam
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Ganapathy
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - V. Rajasekaran
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - T. Mathavi
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - A. R. Rajaprakash
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - Lakshmi Murali
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - U. Pugal
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K. Sundaralingam
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Savithri
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Vellasamy
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - D. Dheenadayal
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - P. Ashok
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K. Jayasree
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - R. Sudhakar
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K. P. Rajan
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | - T. S. Selvavinayagam
- Directorate of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
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Aldahish A, Vasudevan R, Salem H, Alqahtani A, AlQasim S, Alqhatani A, Al Shahrani M, Al Mohsen L, Hajla M, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J. Telogen effluvium and COVID-19: a cross-sectional study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:7823-7830. [PMID: 37667959 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202308_33437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE COVID-19 is a febrile infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus affects several organs, including the skin. Acute telogen effluvium (TE) is a non-scarring hair loss characterized by diffuse hair shedding that begins three months after a stressful event and can last up to six months. COVID-19 infection is one of these potential stressors. Recently, there has been a reported link between increased scalp hair shedding and post-infection patients during the COVID-19 outbreak. The present work aimed to study the possible effects of COVID-19 on hair and the relationship between COVID-19 and TE and to assess the level of awareness about TE in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted using a pre-validated questionnaire. The study involved 561 participants from the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. Eligible participants were individuals from the Asir region who were 20 years of age or older, had previously contracted COVID-19 and had no history of TE before infection. All statistical methods used were two-tailed with an alpha level of 0.05, considering significance if the p-value was lower than or equal to 0.05. RESULTS A total of 1,000 eligible participants completed the study questionnaire. The mean age was 32.5 ± 13.9 years, and 494 (88.1%) participants were females. In addition, 558 (99.5%) of the study participants had received the COVID-19 vaccine. A total of 411 (73.3%) participants experienced an increase in hair loss after COVID-19 infection, and 171 (30.5%) began suffering from pain when combing their hair. In addition, 182 participants (32.4%) had a family history of TE. Only 109 (10.9%) participants had a good awareness level about TE, while 452 (80.6%) had an overall poor awareness level. There was a significant relationship between the level of awareness and age, where 23.9% of the participants aged 20-29 years had a good level of awareness vs. 16.1% of others aged 40 years or older (p = 0.041). Moreover, 26.9% of participants with a family history of TE had a good awareness of TE, vs. 15.8% of those with no family history of TE (p = 0.002). In addition, significant correlations were found between increased hair loss post-COVID-19 infection and female gender (77.3% vs. 43.3%; p = 0.001) as well as suffering from pain when combing hair (86.5% vs. 65.5%; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In our study, the incidence of TE was highly related to COVID-19 infections among both sexes. However, the incidence was greater among the female population. The awareness level toward post-COVID-19 TE was poor among most of the participants in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aldahish
- Department of Pharmacology, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Shivanandappa TB, Chinnadhurai M, Kandasamy G, Vasudevan R, Sam G, Karunakarannair A. Ziziphus mauritiana Leaves Normalize Hormonal Profile and Total Cholesterol in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Rats. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2599. [PMID: 37514214 PMCID: PMC10384539 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the beneficial effect of leaves of Ziziphus mauritiana on testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, LH hormones, blood glucose, and total cholesterol levels in the experimentally induced polycystic ovaries of female Sprague Dawley rats were evaluated. Letrozole was used to induce PCOS in rats, and clomiphene citrate was used as a standard control. This study was carried out in vivo on 30 female rats where group I received normal saline and group II to V were treated with letrozole (1 mg/kg/day), which was dissolved in normal saline orally for 21 days to induce PCOS. After PCOS induction, test groups III and IV were orally treated with ZMME at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg for 14 days, respectively, and group V was treated with clomiphene citrate (2 mg/kg) orally for 14 days. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture. After blood collection, the ovaries were removed and weighed. The results showed that Ziziphus mauritiana normalized all hormones and total cholesterol levels. The HPTLC profile showed the presence of gallic acid, rutin, quercetin, and ursolic acid. Many studies have reported that quercetin is effective against PCOS and its complications; it suppresses insulin resistance and reduces testosterone and LH levels. The present study showed an improvement in the inflammatory microenvironment of the ovarian tissue in the PCOS rat model. This research concluded that the leaves of Ziziphus mauritiana have potential efficacy in the treatment of PCOS by normalizing abnormal hormones and total cholesterol levels, which could be due to the presence of quercetin in the leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maheswari Chinnadhurai
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Al-Dawadmi 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Geetha Kandasamy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajalakshimi Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gigi Sam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Al-Dawadmi 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anjana Karunakarannair
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Al-Dawadmi 11961, Saudi Arabia
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Ghazwani M, Vasudevan R, Kandasamy G, Manusri N, Devanandan P, Puvvada RC, Veeramani VP, Paulsamy P, Venkatesan K, Chidmabaram K, Dhurke R. Formulation of Intranasal Mucoadhesive Thermotriggered In Situ Gel Containing Mirtazapine as an Antidepressant Drug. Gels 2023; 9:457. [PMID: 37367128 DOI: 10.3390/gels9060457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present work was to develop nanoemulsion-based formulations of mirtazapine for intranasal delivery using a spray actuator to target the brain for treating depression. Research on the solubility of medications in different oils, surfactants, co-surfactants, and solvents has been done. Using pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, the various ratios of the surfactant and co-surfactant mix were computed. Thermotriggered nanoemulsion was formulated using different concentrations of poloxamer 407 (i.e., 15%, 15.5%, 16%, 16.5% up to 22%). Similarly, mucoadhesive nanoemulsion using 0.1% Carbopol and water-based plain nanoemulsions were also prepared for comparative assessment. The developed nanoemulsions were analyzed for physicochemical properties, i.e., physical appearance, pH, viscosity, and drug content. Drug-excipient incompatibility was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectral (FTIR) analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In vitro drug diffusion studies were conducted for optimized formulations. Among the three formulations, RD1 showed the highest percentage of drug release. Ex vivo drug diffusion studies were conducted on freshly excised sheep nasal mucosa with Franz diffusion cell simulated nasal fluid (SNF) for all three formulations up to 6 h, and the thermotriggered nanoemulsion (RD1) showed 71.42% drug release with 42.64 nm particle size and a poly dispersity index of 0.354. The zeta potential was found to be -6.58. Based on the above data, it was concluded that thermotriggered nanoemulsion (RD1) has great potential to be used as an intranasal gel for treating depression in patients. It can offer great benefits by reducing dosing frequency and improving bioavailability of mirtazapine by direct nose-to-brain delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ghazwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajalakshimi Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Geetha Kandasamy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naredla Manusri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. Peter's Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanamkonda 506001, Telangana, India
| | - Praveen Devanandan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, St. Peter's Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanamkonda 506001, Telangana, India
| | - Ranadheer Chowdary Puvvada
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, St. Peter's Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanamkonda 506001, Telangana, India
| | - Vinoth Prabhu Veeramani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Krishnaraju Venkatesan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kumarappan Chidmabaram
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajeshri Dhurke
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. Peter's Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanamkonda 506001, Telangana, India
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Kandasamy G, Almaghaslah D, Vasudevan R, Shorog E, Alshahrani AM, Alsawaq E, Alzlaiq W, Prabahar K, Veeramani VP, Alshareef H. Assessment of oral health literacy and oral health related quality of life in Saudi university students: A cross sectional study. J Oral Rehabil 2023. [PMID: 37232064 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral health literacy was recognized as important to encouraging oral health and avoiding oral health diseases. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess oral health literacy (OHL) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among undergraduate students studying at university. MATERIALS & METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out from November to February 2023 among the students of King Khalid University. OHL and OHRQoL were assessed using a Rapid estimate of adult literacy in dentistry-30 (REALD-30) and oral health impact profile (OHIP-14). Further, Pearson's correlation tests were used to measure the correlation between REALD-30 and OHIP-14. RESULTS Among the 394 completed respondents, the majority were Aged>20 years (n=221; 56.09%), Aged <20 years (n=173 43.91%), female (n=324; 82.23%), male (n=70; 17.7%). Participants from health-related colleges were (n=343; 87.06%), and other colleges were (n=51; 12.94%) *P<0.04. Participants brushing frequency once daily were (n=165; 41.88%) twice or more per day (n=229; 58.12%) *P<0.018. The overall mean REALD-30 score of the participants was 11.76 ±0.17 indicating Low OHL. The higher mean score of OHIP-14 for the following domains physical pain 12.93±0.56, physical disability 12.05±0.72, and psychological disability 12.71±0.76. Oral health impact profile-14 and REALD showed a positive correlation for health-related colleges (r = 0.314; *P<0.002) and other colleges (r = 0.09; P<0.072). However, a significant correlation was observed between REALD-30 and OHIP-14 scores among health-related colleges (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The current study concluded that self-rated poor oral health is significantly linked with OHIP-14 scores. Furthermore, systematic health education programs such as regular dental checkups for college students must be arranged to assist in changing the student's everyday life and oral health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Kandasamy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Almaghaslah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Eman Shorog
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma M Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas Alsawaq
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha
| | - Wafa Alzlaiq
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kousalya Prabahar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vinoth Prabhu Veeramani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Alshareef
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Shewade HD, Frederick A, Kiruthika G, Kalyanasundaram M, Chadwick J, Rajasekar TD, Gayathri K, Vijayaprabha R, Sabarinathan R, Kathiresan J, Bhavani P, Aarthi S, Suma K, Pathinathan DP, Parthasarathy R, Nivetha MB, Thampi JG, Chidambaram D, Bhatnagar T, Lokesh S, Devika S, Laux TS, Viswanathan S, Sridhar R, Krishnamoorthy K, Sakthivel M, Karunakaran S, Rajkumar S, Ramachandran M, Kanagaraj K, Kaleeswari M, Durai V, Saravanan R, Sugantha A, Khan SZHM, Sangeetha P, Vasudevan R, Nedunchezhian R, Sankari M, Jeevanandam N, Ganapathy S, Rajasekaran V, Mathavi T, Rajaprakash A, Murali L, Pugal U, Sundaralingam K, Savithri S, Vellasamy S, Dheenadayal D, Ashok P, Jayasree K, Sudhakar R, Rajan K, Tharageshwari N, Chokkalingam D, Anandrajkumar S, Selvavinayagam T, Padmapriyadarshini C, Ramachandran R, Murhekar MV. The First Differentiated TB Care Model From India: Delays and Predictors of Losses in the Care Cascade. Glob Health Sci Pract 2023; 11:e2200505. [PMID: 37116929 PMCID: PMC10141439 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-22-00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
To reduce TB deaths in resource-limited settings, a differentiated care strategy can be used to triage patients with high risk of severe illness (i.e., those with very severe undernutrition, respiratory insufficiency, or inability to stand without support) at diagnosis and refer them for comprehensive assessment and inpatient care. Globally, there are few examples of implementing this type of strategy in routine program settings. Beginning in April 2022, the Indian state of Tamil Nadu implemented a differentiated care strategy called Tamil Nadu-Kasanoi Erappila Thittam (TN-KET) for all adults aged 15 years and older with drug-susceptible TB notified by public facilities. Before evaluating the impact on TB deaths, we sought to understand the retention and delays in the care cascade as well as predictors of losses. During April-June 2022, 14,961 TB patients were notified and 11,599 (78%) were triaged. Of those triaged, 1,509 (13%) were at high risk of severe illness; of these, 1,128 (75%) were comprehensively assessed at a nodal inpatient care facility. Of 993 confirmed as severely ill, 909 (92%) were admitted, with 8% unfavorable admission outcomes (4% deaths). Median admission duration was 4 days. From diagnosis, the median delay in triaging and admission of severely ill patients was 1 day each. Likelihood of triaging decreased for people with extrapulmonary TB, those diagnosed in high-notification districts or teaching hospitals, and those transferred out of district. Predictors of not being comprehensively assessed included: aged 25-34 years, able to stand without support, and diagnosis at a primary or secondary-level facility. Inability to stand without support was a predictor of unfavorable admission outcomes. To conclude, the first quarter of implementation suggests that TN-KET was feasible to implement but could be improved by addressing predictors of losses in the care cascade and increasing admission duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Deepak Shewade
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | | | - G. Kiruthika
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | | | - Joshua Chadwick
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - T. Daniel Rajasekar
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - K. Gayathri
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - R. Vijayaprabha
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - R. Sabarinathan
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - Jeyashree Kathiresan
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - P.K. Bhavani
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - S. Aarthi
- State TB Cell, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K.V. Suma
- World Health Organization Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Jerome G. Thampi
- World Health Organization Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Tarun Bhatnagar
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - S. Lokesh
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Stalin Viswanathan
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - R. Sridhar
- Government Hospital of Thoracic Medicine, Tambaram, India
| | | | - M. Sakthivel
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Karunakaran
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Rajkumar
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - M. Ramachandran
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K.D. Kanagaraj
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - M. Kaleeswari
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - V.P. Durai
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - R. Saravanan
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - A. Sugantha
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | | | - P. Sangeetha
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - R. Vasudevan
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - R. Nedunchezhian
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - M. Sankari
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - N. Jeevanandam
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Ganapathy
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - V. Rajasekaran
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - T. Mathavi
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - A.R. Rajaprakash
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - Lakshmi Murali
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - U. Pugal
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K. Sundaralingam
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Savithri
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Vellasamy
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - D. Dheenadayal
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - P. Ashok
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K. Jayasree
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - R. Sudhakar
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K.P. Rajan
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | | | - D. Chokkalingam
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | | | - T.S. Selvavinayagam
- Directorate of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - C. Padmapriyadarshini
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | | | - Manoj V. Murhekar
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
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Vasudevan R, Kandasamy G, Aldahish A, Almanasef M, Khobrani M, Shorog E, Prabahar K, Mohammed Alsawaq E, Wahab S, Begum MY, Paulsamy P. Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Potentials of the Chewing Stick, Salvadora persica. J Trop Med 2023; 2023:9683240. [PMID: 37096220 PMCID: PMC10122599 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9683240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Materials and Methods Salvadora persica stem bark was extracted with two different solvents, i.e., ethyl acetate and water, and preliminary phytochemical screening was performed. Two behavioral models were used: an elevated plus maze test (EPM) and the light and dark model test for anxiolytic parameters, and a forced swim test (FST) for antidepressant effects. Healthy mice weighing 18-40 gms were treated orally in four groups (n = 6), i.e., negative control treated with normal saline and positive control with 1 mg/kg diazepam (EPM) and 30 mg/kg fluoxetine (FST), and the test groups were treated with 500 mg/kg of aqueous and ethyl acetate Sp extract. The number of entries and duration spent in the open arm for 5 minutes were the parameters for evaluating the anxiolytic activity (EPM). Duration of immobility was measured for 5 min in the FST model. Results In EPM, both the Sp extracts significantly (p < 0.005) increased the number of entries and the time spent in the open arms and was much similar to those of diazepam. Similarly, these extracts and fluoxetine significantly (p < 0.005) decreased the immobility time in FST. Conclusion The results suggest the therapeutic potential of Salvadora persica an alternative in the management of comorbid anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalakshimi Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Geetha Kandasamy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf Aldahish
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Almanasef
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moteb Khobrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Shorog
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kousalya Prabahar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Enas Mohammed Alsawaq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Yasmin Begum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Aldahish A, Balaji P, Vasudevan R, Kandasamy G, James JP, Prabahar K. Elucidating the Potential Inhibitor against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated Gene of GLUT4. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13040660. [PMID: 37109046 PMCID: PMC10146764 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13040660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic hyperglycemic disorder that leads to a group of metabolic diseases. This condition of chronic hyperglycemia is caused by abnormal insulin levels. The impact of hyperglycemia on the human vascular tree is the leading cause of disease and death in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have abnormal secretion as well as the action of insulin. Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes is caused by a combination of genetic factors associated with decreased insulin production, insulin resistance, and environmental conditions. These conditions include overeating, lack of exercise, obesity, and aging. Glucose transport limits the rate of dietary glucose used by fat and muscle. The glucose transporter GLUT4 is kept intracellular and sorted dynamically, and GLUT4 translocation or insulin-regulated vesicular traffic distributes it to the plasma membrane. Different chemical compounds have antidiabetic properties. The complexity, metabolism, digestion, and interaction of these chemical compounds make it difficult to understand and apply them to reduce chronic inflammation and thus prevent chronic disease. In this study, we have applied a virtual screening approach to screen the most suitable and drug-able chemical compounds to be used as potential drug targets against T2DM. We have found that out of 5000 chemical compounds that we have analyzed, only two are known to be more effective as per our experiments based upon molecular docking studies and virtual screening through Lipinski's rule and ADMET properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Aldahish
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rajalakshimi Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Geetha Kandasamy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jainey P James
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Kousalya Prabahar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
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Ghazwani M, Vasudevan R, Kandasamy G, Hani U, Niharika G, Naredla M, Devanandan P, Puvvada RC, Almehizia AA, Hakami AR, Dhurke R. Development and In Vitro Characterization of Antibiotic-Loaded Nanocarriers for Dental Delivery. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072914. [PMID: 37049683 PMCID: PMC10096469 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research work was to formulate and evaluate ciprofloxacin hydrochloride-loaded nanocarriers for treating dental infections and bone regeneration. Periodontal infection is associated with inflammation, soft tissue destruction, and bone loss. The objective of the study was to extract β tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) from coral beach sand using the hydrothermal conversion method and load these nanocarriers with ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. The developed drug-loaded nanocarriers were evaluated for various parameters. In vitro drug-loading studies showed the highest drug loading of 71% for F1 with a drug: carrier ratio compared to plain ciprofloxacin hydrochloride gel. β-TCP and nanocarriers were evaluated for powder characteristics and the results were found to have excellent and fair flowability. In vitro drug release studies conducted over a period of 5 days confirmed the percentage drug release of 96% at the end of 120 h. Nanocarriers were found to be effective against S. aureus and E. coli showing statistically significant antibacterial activity at (* p < 0.05) significant level as compared to plain ciprofloxacin hydrochloride gel. The particle size of β-TCP and nanocarriers was found to be 2 µm. Fourier transform infra-red studies showed good compatibility between the drug and the excipients. Differential scanning calorimetry studies revealed the amorphous nature of the nanocarriers as evident from the peak shift. It is obvious from the XRD studies that the phase intensity was reduced, which demonstrates a decrease in crystallinity. Nanocarriers released the drug in a controlled manner, hence may prove to be a better option to treat dental caries as compared to conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ghazwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajalakshimi Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Geetha Kandasamy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaddam Niharika
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. Peter's Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanamkonda 506001, Telangana, India
| | - Manusri Naredla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. Peter's Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanamkonda 506001, Telangana, India
| | - Praveen Devanandan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, St. Peter's Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanamkonda 506001, Telangana, India
| | - Ranadheer Chowdary Puvvada
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, St. Peter's Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanamkonda 506001, Telangana, India
| | - Abdulrahman A Almehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahim R Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 61481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajeshri Dhurke
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. Peter's Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanamkonda 506001, Telangana, India
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11
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Khobrani M, Kandasamy G, Vasudevan R, Alhossan A, Chowdary Puvvada R, Devanandan P, Dhurke R, Naredla M. Impact of Vitamin B6 Deficiency on the Severity of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy – A Cross Sectional Study. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:655-658. [PMID: 37181142 PMCID: PMC10172568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy is one of the most important and significantly prevalent microvascular complications of Diabetes Mellitus. Pyridoxine is a key nutrient for protecting nerve health. The objective of this research is to study the prevalence rate of pyridoxine deficiency in Diabetic neuropathy patients, to understand the correlation between various biochemical and markers of diabetic neuropathy and pyridoxine deficiency. Results 249 patients were selected for the study based on the selection criteria participants. 51.8% prevalence of pyridoxine deficiency in Diabetic neuropathy patients. The nerve conduction velocity significantly reduced in pyridoxine deficiency cases (p < 0.05). A strong inverse relationship is observed with fasting blood sugar levels and glycated hemoglobin pyridoxine deficiency might contribute to impaired glucose tolerance. Conclusion There also exists a strong inverse relationship with glycemic markers. Significant direct correlation is observed with nerve conduction velocity. Pyridoxine also has properties of antioxidant which may be utilized for the management of Diabetic Neuropathy.
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12
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Khobrani M, Vasudevan R, Kandasamy G, Gramish JA, Prabahar K, Paulsamy P. Evaluation of Health Care Professionals' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice to Prevent the Pandemic Spread of COVID-19: A Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Study from Abha, Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11040509. [PMID: 36833043 PMCID: PMC9957241 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacists and other healthcare professionals (HCPs) are at risk of transmitting the lethal COVID-19 virus globally and increasing its prevalence. AIM The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among HCPs in the Asir region for the first time. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional analysis with 491 healthcare professionals was tested using a pre-tested questionnaire in a tertiary care facility. The association between research variables and questions was determined using Chi-square tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS Pharmacists and other HCPs exhibited good knowledge, a positive attitude, and a negative practice pattern regarding COVID-19. There was a strong association between knowledge and attitude (correlation coefficient: 0.17; p < 0.001). However, healthcare practitioners had a suboptimal practice score of 2.09 ± 0.62 regarding COVID-19. CONCLUSION This study discovered that despite relatively insufficient practices for adherence to recommended techniques regarding COVID-19 prevention during the outbreak, pharmacists and other healthcare professionals have a high level of awareness and a positive attitude towards COVID-19 as a medical condition. There is a need for more involved HCPs, improved COVID-19 management training, and approaches to make healthcare providers feel less anxious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moteb Khobrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajalakshimi Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Geetha Kandasamy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher A. Gramish
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 2915, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kousalya Prabahar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Premalatha Paulsamy
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
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Alhamhoom Y, Honmane SM, Hani U, Osmani RAM, Kandasamy G, Vasudevan R, Paramshetti S, R. Dudhal R, K. Kengar N, Charde MS. Study of Formulation and Process Variables for Optimization of Piroxicam Nanosuspension Using 3 2 Factorial Design to Improve Solubility and In Vitro Bioavailability. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030483. [PMID: 36771784 PMCID: PMC9919943 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Piroxicam is a Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class II drug having poor aqueous solubility and a short half-life. The rationale behind the present research was to develop a Piroxicam nanosuspension to enhance the solubility and thereby the in vitro bioavailability of the drug. Piroxicam nanosuspension (PRX NS) was prepared by an anti-solvent precipitation technique and optimized using a full-factorial design. Herein, the nanosuspension was prepared using polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K30® and Poloxamer 188® as a stabilizer to improve the solubility and in vitro bioavailability of the drug. Nine formulations were prepared based on 32 full-factorial experimental designs to study the effect of the formulation variables such as concentration of poloxamer 188 (%) (X1) and stirring speed (rpm) (X2) as a process variable on the response of particle size (nm) and solubility (µg/mL). The prepared NS was characterized by phase solubility, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and percent drug release. DSC and XRPD analysis of freeze-dried NS formulation showed conversion of PRX into a less crystalline form. NS formulations showed a reduction in the size from 443 nm to 228 nm with -22.5 to -30.5 mV zeta potential and % drug entrapment of 89.76 ± 0.76. TEM analysis confirmed the size reduction at the nano level. The solubility was increased from 44 μg/mL to 87 μg/mL by altering the independent variables. The solubility of PRX NS in water was augmented by 14- to 15-fold (87.28 μg/mL) than pure PRX (6.6 μg/mL). The optimized formulation (NS9) at drug-to-stabilizer concentration exhibited a greater drug release of approximately 96.07% after 120 min as compared to the other NS formulations and pure PRX (36.78%). Thus, all these results revealed that the prepared NS formulations have improved the solubility and in vitro dissolution compared to the pure drug. Furthermore, an increase in the drug release was observed from the NS than that of the pure PRX. All these outcomes signified that the prepared PRX NS showed an increase in solubility and in vitro dissolution behavior; which subsequently would aid in attainment of enhanced bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Alhamhoom
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandip M. Honmane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Annasaheb Dange College of B. Pharmacy, Ashta, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416301, Maharashtra, India
- Correspondence: (S.M.H.); (U.H.); Tel.: +91-8600392878 (S.M.H.); +965-98712387 (U.H.)
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.M.H.); (U.H.); Tel.: +91-8600392878 (S.M.H.); +965-98712387 (U.H.)
| | - Riyaz Ali M. Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Geetha Kandasamy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajalakshimi Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharanya Paramshetti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravindra R. Dudhal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Annasaheb Dange College of B. Pharmacy, Ashta, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416301, Maharashtra, India
| | - Namrata K. Kengar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Annasaheb Dange College of B. Pharmacy, Ashta, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416301, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manoj S. Charde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College of Pharmacy, Karad, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 415124, Maharashtra, India
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Shoaib S, Ansari MA, Kandasamy G, Vasudevan R, Hani U, Chauhan W, Alhumaidi MS, Altammar KA, Azmi S, Ahmad W, Wahab S, Islam N. An Attention towards the Prophylactic and Therapeutic Options of Phytochemicals for SARS-CoV-2: A Molecular Insight. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020795. [PMID: 36677853 PMCID: PMC9864057 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel pathogenic virus was discovered in Wuhan, China (December 2019), and quickly spread throughout the world. Further analysis revealed that the pathogenic strain of virus was corona but it was distinct from other coronavirus strains, and thus it was renamed 2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2. This coronavirus shares many characteristics with other coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The clinical manifestations raised in the form of a cytokine storm trigger a complicated spectrum of pathophysiological changes that include cardiovascular, kidney, and liver problems. The lack of an effective treatment strategy has imposed a health and socio-economic burden. Even though the mortality rate of patients with this disease is lower, since it is judged to be the most contagious, it is considered more lethal. Globally, the researchers are continuously engaged to develop and identify possible preventive and therapeutic regimens for the management of disease. Notably, to combat SARS-CoV-2, various vaccine types have been developed and are currently being tested in clinical trials; these have also been used as a health emergency during a pandemic. Despite this, many old antiviral and other drugs (such as chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids, and so on) are still used in various countries as emergency medicine. Plant-based products have been reported to be safe as alternative options for several infectious and non-infectious diseases, as many of them showed chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects in the case of tuberculosis, cancer, malaria, diabetes, cardiac problems, and others. Therefore, plant-derived products may play crucial roles in improving health for a variety of ailments by providing a variety of effective cures. Due to current therapeutic repurposing efforts against this newly discovered virus, we attempted to outline many plant-based compounds in this review to aid in the fight against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Shoaib
- Department Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (N.I.)
| | - Geetha Kandasamy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajalakshimi Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waseem Chauhan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Maryam S. Alhumaidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadijah A. Altammar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarfuddin Azmi
- Molecular Microbiology Biology Division, Scientific Research Centre (SRC), Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Deparment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najmul Islam
- Department Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (N.I.)
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15
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Aldahish A, Almanasef M, Al-Saad N, Asiri R, Vasudevan R, Kandasamy G. Attitudes and Belief among the Population in Saudi Arabia about the Consumption of Herbal Products for the Prevention of COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study. Indian J Pharm Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.spl.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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16
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Vasudevan R, Kandasamy G, Almaghaslah D, Almanasef M, Alqahatani A, Aldahish A, Venkatesan K, Paulsamy P, Maheswari C, Wahab S. Alleviation of neuropathic pain by trazodone in rats. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e19256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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17
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Alshehri SA, Wahab S, Abullais SS, Das G, Hani U, Ahmad W, Amir M, Ahmad A, Kandasamy G, Vasudevan R. Pharmacological Efficacy of Tamarix aphylla: A Comprehensive Review. Plants (Basel) 2021; 11:118. [PMID: 35009121 PMCID: PMC8747234 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Tamarix aphylla is a well-known species of the genus Tamarix. T. aphylla (Tamaricaceae) is a perennial tree in Asia, the Middle East, and Central Africa. It is used as a carminative diuretic in tuberculosis, leprosy, and hepatitis. Various pharmacological properties have been shown by T. aphylla, such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, anticholinesterase, and wound-healing activity. However, T. aphylla has not received much attention for its secondary metabolites and bioactive constituents. Research has shown that this plant has hidden potential that needs to be explored. This review aims to cover botanical classification, geographical distribution, taxonomy, ethnobotanical uses, and the phytochemical compounds found in T. aphylla. The toxicology and pharmacological effects of T. aphylla are also discussed. We examined various scholarly resources to gather information on T. aphylla, including Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, Springer Link, PubMed, and Web of Science. The finding of this work validates a connection between T. aphylla in conventional medicine and its antidiabetic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, antifungal, anticholinesterase, and other biological effects. T. aphylla's entire plant (such as bark, leaves, fruits) and root extracts have been used to treat hypertension, stomach discomfort, hair loss, cough and asthma, abscesses, wounds, rheumatism, jaundice, fever, tuberculosis, and gum and tooth infection. The phytochemical screening revealed that noticeably all extracts were devoid of alkaloids, followed by the presence of tannins. In addition, different parts have revealed the existence of steroids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, and byproducts of gallic acid and ellagic acid. T. aphylla has shown many valuable activities against different diseases and supports its traditional uses. Therefore, high-quality preclinical research and well-designated clinical trials are needed to establish the efficacy and safety of this plant in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Ali Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shahabe Saquib Abullais
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Gotam Das
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Safaa, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Mohd Amir
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicines, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ayaz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Safaa, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Geetha Kandasamy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rajalakshimi Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
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Wahab S, Annadurai S, Abullais SS, Das G, Ahmad W, Ahmad MF, Kandasamy G, Vasudevan R, Ali MS, Amir M. Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): A Comprehensive Review on Its Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, Clinical Evidence and Toxicology. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10122751. [PMID: 34961221 PMCID: PMC8703329 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There are more than 30 species of Glycyrrhiza genus extensively spread worldwide. It was the most prescribed herb in Ancient Egyptian, Roman, Greek, East China, and the West from the Former Han era. There are various beneficial effects of licorice root extracts, such as treating throat infections, tuberculosis, respiratory, liver diseases, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and immunodeficiency. On the other hand, traditional medicines are getting the attraction to treat many diseases. Therefore, it is vital to screen the medicinal plants to find the potential of new compounds to treat chronic diseases such as respiratory, cardiovascular, anticancer, hepatoprotective, etc. This work comprehensively reviews ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemistry, biological activities, clinical evidence, and the toxicology of licorice, which will serve as a resource for future clinical and fundamental studies. An attempt has been made to establish the pharmacological effect of licorice in different diseases. In addition, the focus of this review article is on the molecular mechanism of licorice extracts and their four flavonoids (isoliquiritigenin, liquiritigenin, lichalocone, and glabridin) pharmacologic activities. Licorice could be a natural alternative for current therapy to exterminate new emerging disorders with mild side effects. This review will provide systematic insights into this ancient drug for further development and clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sivakumar Annadurai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shahabe Saquib Abullais
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Gotam Das
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Safaa, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Geetha Kandasamy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rajalakshimi Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md Sajid Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohd Amir
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicines, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
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19
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Almanasef M, Almaghaslah D, Kandasamy G, Vasudevan R, Batool S. Involvement of community pharmacists in public health services in Asir Region, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14940. [PMID: 34606135 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community pharmacists are one of the most accessible healthcare practitioners worldwide and their services are used by a large proportion of the population. Expanding the roles of community pharmacists could contribute to reducing pressure on general health practice and other areas of the health services. This research aimed to evaluate the contribution of community pharmacists in the provision of public health services and to investigate the perceived barriers for the provision of these services in Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study followed a cross-sectional design using an online anonymous self-administered questionnaire. The study took place in Asir region, Saudi Arabia, between September 2019 and February 2020. A convenience sampling strategy was used to select and recruit the study participants. The questionnaire was adapted from previous research and involved three sections: demographics, involvement in public health services and barriers for practising public health roles. RESULTS The total number of respondents was 193. The proportion of respondents who reported that they were "very involved" or "involved" in each service was 61.7% for weight management, 60.6% for sexual health, 57.5% for healthy eating, 53.4% for physical activity promotion, 51.3% for dental health, 46.1% for smoking cessation, 39.4% for screening for diabetes, 35.7% for screening for hypertension, 31.1% for alcohol dependence and drug misuse counselling, 30.6% for screening for dyslipidaemia, and 21.8% for vaccination and immunisation. Most of the barriers in the current research were rated as having low relevance to the provision of public health services. CONCLUSION Findings in the current research suggest that community pharmacists in Asir region have varying levels of involvement in public health roles. Further research needs to be undertaken to understand the barriers to the provision of public health services and what strategies would be beneficial for enhancing the public health role of community pharmacists in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Almanasef
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Almaghaslah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Geetha Kandasamy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajalakshimi Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadia Batool
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Paulsamy P, Easwaran V, Ashraf R, Alshahrani SH, Venkatesan K, Qureshi AA, Arrab MM, Prabahar K, Periannan K, Vasudevan R, Kandasamy G, Chidambaram K, Pappiya EM, Venkatesan K, Manoharan V. Association of Maternal Observation and Motivation (MOM) Program with m-Health Support on Maternal and Newborn Health. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9121629. [PMID: 34946355 PMCID: PMC8702075 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal and child nutrition has been a critical component of health, sustainable development, and progress in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). While a decrement in maternal mortality is an important indicator, simply surviving pregnancy and childbirth does not imply better maternal health. One of the fundamental obligations of nations under international human rights law is to enable women to endure pregnancy and delivery as an aspect of their enjoyment of reproductive and sexual health and rights and to live a dignified life. The aim of this study was to discover the correlation between the Maternal Observation and Motivation (MOM) program and m-Health support for maternal and newborn health. A comparative study was done among 196 pregnant mothers (study group-94; control group-102 mothers) with not less than 20 weeks of gestation. Maternal outcomes such as Hb and weight gain and newborn results such as birth weight and crown-heel length were obtained at baseline and at 28 and 36 weeks of gestation. Other secondary data collected were abortion, stillbirth, low birth weight, major congenital malformations, twin or triplet pregnancies, physical activity, and maternal well-being. The MOM intervention included initial face-to-face education, three in-person visits, and eight virtual health coaching sessions via WhatsApp. The baseline data on Hb of the mothers show that 31 (32.98%) vs. 27 (28.72%) mothers in the study and control group, respectively, had anemia, which improved to 27.66% and 14.98% among study group mothers at 28 and 36 weeks of gestation (p < 0.001). The weight gain (p < 0.001), level of physical activity (p < 0.001), and maternal well-being (p < 0.01) also had significant differences after the intervention. Even after controlling for potentially confounding variables, the maternal food practices regression model revealed that birth weight was directly correlated with the consumption of milk (p < 0.001), fruits (p < 0.01), and green vegetables (p < 0.05). As per the physical activity and maternal well-being regression model, the birth weight and crown-heel length were strongly related with the physical activity and maternal well-being of mothers at 36 weeks of gestation (p < 0.05). Combining the MOM intervention with standard antenatal care is a safe and effective way to improve maternal welfare while upholding pregnant mothers' human rights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premalatha Paulsamy
- College of Nursing, Mahalah Branch for Girls, King Khalid University, Khamis Mushaiyt 61421, Saudi Arabia; (P.P.); (S.H.A.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Vigneshwaran Easwaran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (V.E.); (G.K.)
| | - Rizwan Ashraf
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore 55150, Pakistan;
| | - Shadia Hamoud Alshahrani
- College of Nursing, Mahalah Branch for Girls, King Khalid University, Khamis Mushaiyt 61421, Saudi Arabia; (P.P.); (S.H.A.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Krishnaraju Venkatesan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.Q.); (R.V.); (K.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Absar Ahmed Qureshi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.Q.); (R.V.); (K.C.)
| | - Mervat Moustafa Arrab
- College of Nursing, Mahalah Branch for Girls, King Khalid University, Khamis Mushaiyt 61421, Saudi Arabia; (P.P.); (S.H.A.); (M.M.A.)
- Family and Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Kousalya Prabahar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kalaiselvi Periannan
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, Oxford School of Nursing & Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0FL, UK;
| | - Rajalakshimi Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.Q.); (R.V.); (K.C.)
| | - Geetha Kandasamy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (V.E.); (G.K.)
| | - Kumarappan Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.Q.); (R.V.); (K.C.)
| | - Ester Mary Pappiya
- Regional Nursing Administration, Directorate of General Health Affair, Ministry of Health, Najran 21431, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kumar Venkatesan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Vani Manoharan
- Georgia CTSA, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA 30078, USA;
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21
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Paulsamy P, Periannan K, Easwaran V, Abdulla Khan N, Manoharan V, Venkatesan K, Qureshi AA, Prabahar K, Kandasamy G, Vasudevan R, Chidambaram K, Pappiya EM, Venkatesan K, Sethuraj P. School-Based Exercise and Life Style Motivation Intervention (SEAL.MI) on Adolescent's Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Academic Performance: Catch Them Young. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1549. [PMID: 34828595 PMCID: PMC8621945 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There are shreds of evidence of shared biological mechanisms between obesity and hypertension during childhood intoadulthood, and loads of research literature has proven that it will profoundly cost nations' economies and health if neglected. The prevention and early diagnosis of cardiovascular risk factors such as overweight and hypertension is an essential strategy for control, effective treatment and prevention of its' complications. The study aims to assess the effect of school-based Exercise and Lifestyle Motivation Intervention (SEAL-MI) on adolescents' cardiovascular risk factors and academic performance. An experimental study was conducted among 1005 adolescents-520 and 485 were randomly selected for the control and study groups, respectively.A structured interview questionnaire was used to collect demographic details and data related to dietary habits, physical activity, sleep qualityand academic performance. The study group adolescents were given the SEAL-MI for six months, including a school-based rope exercise for 45 min per day for 5 days a week and a motivation intervention related to dietary habits, physical activity, and sleep. Post tests-1 and 2 were done after 3 and 6 months of intervention.The prevalence of overweight among adolescents was 28.73%, and prehypertension was 9.26%. Among overweight adolescents, the prevalence of prehypertension was found to be very high (32.25%). There was a significant weight reduction in post-intervention B.P. (p = 0.000) and improvement in dietary habits, physical activity, sleep (p = 0.000), and academic performance. A significant positive correlation was found between BMI and SBP (p = 0.000) and BMI and academic performance (p = 0.003). The linear regression analyses revealed that the gender (ß: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.81), age (ß: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.46), family income (ß: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.5), residence (ß: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.27), and type of family (ß: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.02) had the strongest correlation with the BMI of the adolescents. Additionally, Mother's education (ß: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.59) had the strongest correlation with the SBP of the adolescents. In contrast, the DBP was negatively persuaded by age (ß: -0.36, 95% CI: 1.54, 0.29) and gender (ß: -0.26, 95% CI: 1.34, 0.12) of the adolescents. Regular practice of rope exercise and lifestyle modification such as diet, physical activity, and quality sleep among adolescents prevent and control childhood CVD risk factors such asoverweight and hypertension. The SEAL-MI may lead to age-appropriate development of adolescents as well as improve their academic performance and quality of life. Giving importance to adolescents from urban habitats, affluent, nuclear families, and catching them young will change the disease burden significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premalatha Paulsamy
- College of Nursing, Mahalah Branch for Girls King Khalid University, Khamis Mushayt 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kalaiselvi Periannan
- Oxford School of Nursing & Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0FL, UK;
| | - Vigneshwaran Easwaran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (V.E.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Noohu Abdulla Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (V.E.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Vani Manoharan
- Georgia CTSA, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA 30078, USA;
| | - Krishnaraju Venkatesan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.Q.); (G.K.); (R.V.); (K.C.)
| | - Absar Ahmed Qureshi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.Q.); (G.K.); (R.V.); (K.C.)
| | - Kousalya Prabahar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Geetha Kandasamy
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.Q.); (G.K.); (R.V.); (K.C.)
| | - Rajalakshimi Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.Q.); (G.K.); (R.V.); (K.C.)
| | - Kumarappan Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.Q.); (G.K.); (R.V.); (K.C.)
| | - Ester Mary Pappiya
- Regional Nursing Administration, Directorate of General Health Affair, Ministry of Health, Najran 21431, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kumar Venkatesan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Pranave Sethuraj
- Vee Care College of Nursing, The TN MGR Medical University, Chennai 600095, India;
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Kandasamy G, Almaghaslah D, Almanasef M, Vasudevan R, Easwaran V. An evaluation of the psychological impact of COVID-19 and the precautionary measure of social isolation on adults in the Asir region, Saudi Arabia. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14756. [PMID: 34449951 PMCID: PMC8646678 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 outbreak is worrying for people and society. The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the precautionary measure of social isolation on adults in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was carried out in the Asir region for a period of 5 months from May 2020 to September 2020 to assess the psychological response of the adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic using an anonymous online questionnaire. The questionnaire was adapted from previous research and involved three sections, namely sociodemographic data, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7 Scale). A total score of ≥10 indicates depression and anxiety. Data were analysed using SPSS V.25. RESULTS Females had higher rates of COVID-19 depression than males. There was a significant correlation between age and home setting and anxiety, and a significant association between marital status and the level of education and depression. There was a significant association between gender and depression and anxiety, while there was no significant association between occupation and income, and depression and anxiety. CONCLUSION The findings of the study clearly show that depression and anxiety are highly prevalent among adults. Females had higher rates of COVID-19 depression and anxiety than males. The findings from this study show that implementing a strategy for the prevention and management of depression and anxiety is highly recommended to minimise the impact of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Kandasamy
- Department of Clinical PharmacyCollege of PharmacyKingdom of Saudi ArabiaKing Khalid UniversityAbha
| | - Dalia Almaghaslah
- Department of Clinical PharmacyCollege of PharmacyKingdom of Saudi ArabiaKing Khalid UniversityAbha
| | - Mona Almanasef
- Department of Clinical PharmacyCollege of PharmacyKingdom of Saudi ArabiaKing Khalid UniversityAbha
| | - Rajalakshimi Vasudevan
- Department of PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyKingdom of Saudi ArabiaKing Khalid UniversityAbha
| | - Vigneshwaran Easwaran
- Department of Clinical PharmacyCollege of PharmacyKingdom of Saudi ArabiaKing Khalid UniversityAbha
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23
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Almaghaslah D, Almanasef M, Vasudevan R, Kandasamy G, Venkatesan K, Batool S, Alqadi KA, Alshehri RD, Alasmari SA. Community pharmacists' knowledge, attitude and practice of oral health care in Asir region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 20:732-738. [PMID: 34689408 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess community pharmacists' knowledge, attitude and practice towards oral health care in Asir region, Saudi Arabia. METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out using a self-administered structured questionnaire, targeting 254 community pharmacies across the Asir region. The questionnaire consisted of four domains: demographics, knowledge, attitudes and practice related to oral health care. Statistical analysis was performed using Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. RESULTS Of the 254 pharmacists, 202 respondents completed the survey, yielding a response rate of 79.5%. Almost two-thirds (66%) of the community pharmacists exhibited good knowledge, 65% possessed a positive attitude, and 55% perceived a good practice towards oral health care. Pharmacists have shown a good understanding on dental care (p < 0.001) and oral conditions. Fifty-five per cent (n = 119) of pharmacists preferred to have dental-based subjects in Pharmacy curriculum. CONCLUSION Community Pharmacists possess overall good knowledge and attitude required for the provision of dental care counselling patients. They may participate in oral health development programmes to make a better practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Almaghaslah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Almanasef
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajalakshimi Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Geetha Kandasamy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishnaraju Venkatesan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadia Batool
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawlah Awad Alqadi
- Doctor of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Dhafer Alshehri
- Doctor of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Kandasamy G, Sivanandy P, Almaghaslah D, Almanasef M, Vasudevan R, Chinnadhurai M, Na A. A cross-sectional study on prescribing and dispensing errors at a corporate hospital in South India. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14489. [PMID: 34115424 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The substantial and increasing use of medications escalating the risk of harm globally. The serious medication errors in hospital and community settings resulting from patient injury and death. Hence, a cross-sectional study was aimed to analyse the prescribing and dispensing errors in the outpatient departments of a south Indian hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the prescribing, and dispensing errors in outpatients who seek patient counseling at the tertiary care multispecialty hospital. The data were collected from various sources such as patient's prescriptions and dispensing records from the pharmacy. RESULTS A total of 500 prescriptions were screened and identified 65.60% of prescriptions with at least any one type of medication errors. Out of 328 prescriptions, 96.04% were handwritten and 3.96% were computerised prescriptions. Among the 328 prescriptions with medication errors, 32.62% noticed prescribing errors, 37.80% with dispensing errors, and 29.58% with both prescribing and dispensing errors. Out of these 328 prescriptions, 74.09% prescriptions were found to have polypharmacy. DISCUSSION Medication errors are serious problems in healthcare and can be a source of significant morbidity and mortality in healthcare settings. The present study showed that dispensing errors were the most common among the types of medication errors, in these particularly wrong directions were the most common types of errors. CONCLUSION This study concludes that the overall prevalence of medication errors was around 80%, but there were no life-threatening events observed. A clinical pharmacist can play a major role in this situation appears to be a strong intervention and early detection and prevention of medication errors and thus can improve the quality of care to the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Kandasamy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Palanisamy Sivanandy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dalia Almaghaslah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Almanasef
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajalakshimi Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maheswari Chinnadhurai
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun Na
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, India
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Vasudevan R, Batool S, Kandasamy G, Saeed SF, Saleh N, Mohammed M, Awad AG. Anti-nociceptive effect of gabapentin in mouse models of acute and chronic pain. TROP J PHARM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v18i7.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the anti-nociceptive effect of gabapentin in acute and chronic pain models.
Methods: Four mouse models of pain were used in this study. These comprised thermal tests (hot plate and tail immersion tests), and chemical tests (formalin and acetic acid-induced writhing tests). A total of seventy-two (72) albino mice weighing 25 - 40 g (mean weight = 32.5 ± 5.1 g) were used. In each test, the mice were randomly assigned to three sets of 6 mice each: control group, celecoxib group and drug treatment group. Each test was performed at intervals of 30, 60 and 90 min.
Results: During the acute phase, there was no significant decrease in foot raising (FR) or licking and biting (L & B) episodes among the groups (p > 0.05). However, these episodes were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the second delayed phase, in the celecoxib and drug-treated groups, when compared with normal control group. Gabapentin significantly (p < 0.05) decreased pain response throughout the course of the thermal tests. The number of writhes within 30 min were significantly reduced in celecoxib and gabapentin-treated animals, compared with negative control group (p < 0.05). Gabapentin produced approximately 60 % protection of writhing, similar to that produced by celecoxib, the standard non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used (61 %).
Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the gabapentin is effective against chronic inflammatory pain in mice and therefore can be potentially developed as an effective anti-inflammatory agent for humans.
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Almaghaslah D, Alsayari A, Kandasamy G, Vasudevan R. COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Young Adults in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Web-Based Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:330. [PMID: 33915890 PMCID: PMC8067112 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ending the COVID-19 pandemic requires achieving herd immunity, either by previous infection or by vaccination. However, concerns about the COVID-19 vaccine are growing around the globe. The current study was conducted to investigate young the adult population's hesitancy towards the vaccine. The study used a prospective cross-sectional design. Data was collected using an online self-administered questionnaire. A total of 862 Saudi adults participated. Information was gathered on the participants' perspectives towards the severity and susceptibility of the COVID-19 infection, reasons for their hesitancy to receive the vaccine, perceived benefits, and reasons for action. Just under a quarter (19.6%) of respondents had previously tested positive for COVID-19. A small minority of the participants had already received the vaccine (2.1%), while 20.3% had registered in the Sehaty app (application) to receive the vaccine. Just under half of them (48%) will take the vaccine when mass vaccination is achieved and approximately the same number (46.7%) will only take it if it is made mandatory. Vaccine reluctance is highly prevalent among the general public in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. While many are aware of a high likelihood of getting the infection, the efficacy and safety of the COVID-19 vaccine were reported as barriers to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Almaghaslah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 1882, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulrhman Alsayari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 1882, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Geetha Kandasamy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 1882, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rajalakshimi Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 1882, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia;
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Batool S, Almaghaslah D, Alqahtani A, Almanasef M, Alasmari M, Vasudevan R, Attique S, Riaz F. Aetiology and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates in community acquired pneumonia patients at Asir region, Saudi Arabia. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e13667. [PMID: 33448574 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community acquired pneumonia is a commonly presenting respiratory tract infection around the world. Its treatment is problematic at times because of diversity of infecting organisms and change in susceptibility pattern to commonly prescribed antimicrobials. METHODS This was a single centred prospective cross sectional study. About 165 patients diagnosed with community acquired pneumonia were included and blood samples, sputum samples were taken for culture sensitivity and antimicrobial susceptibility. RESULTS Of the 165 patients (43% males and 57% females), 77 (46.6%) patients tested positive for bacterial pathogens out of a total of 165. The most common pathogen was Streptococcus pneumonia (34%) followed on by Hemophilus influenza (16%), Staphylococcus aureus (13%) Klebsiella (12%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10%), Legionella (6%), Eschericha coli (5%) and Proteus mirabilis (2%). The sensitivity pattern of all 77 bacterial isolates was high for cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, 81%; ceftazidime, 80%), penicillins (amoxicillin/sulbactam, 70%), quinolones (levofloxacin, 74%) and aminoglycosides (amikacin, 80.5%). The sensitivity to macrolides (azithromycin, 59.7%; clarithromycin, 53.2%) and tetracycline's (55.8%) is somewhat intermediate and low for ampicillin (42.8%) and cotrimoxazole (51.9%). CONCLUSION The decreased susceptibility to macrolides and tetracyclines is a matter of concern and judicious use of antimicrobials should be done to prevent further rates of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Batool
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Almaghaslah
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Almanasef
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alasmari
- Medical Department, Khamis Mushayt General Hospital, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajalakshimi Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Attique
- Medical Department, Khamis Mushayt General Hospital, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Riaz
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Kandasamy G, Sivanandy P, Almaghaslah D, Khobrani M, Chinnadhurai M, Vasudevan R, Almeleebia T. Knowledge, attitude, perception and practice of antibiotics usage among the pharmacy students. Int J Clin Pract 2020; 74:e13599. [PMID: 32593188 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to antibiotics causes negative impact on health of the patients. Antibiotic resistance is the major global concern that has to be nullified for the better health outcome. The knowledge on antibiotics is very essential for the students who undertake pharmacy and health science courses. Hence a study was aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, perception and practice on antibiotics usage among the pharmacy students of King Khalid University, KSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective online questionnaire based survey was carried out among the pharmacy students about knowledge, attitude perception and practice of antibiotics using 5-point "Likert scale" and true/false responses. The responses range from strongly agree to strongly disagree, and always to never were recorded. The data were analysed by using simple descriptive statistics. RESULTS Out of 300 students approached 212 responded and the response rate was found to be 71%. In this study, most (95%) of the students were aware of the emerging problem of antibiotic resistance due to inappropriate use of antibiotics. Majority (89%) of the students agreed the inappropriate use of antibiotics can increase the overall cost of treatment. However, over half of the (54%) students were not aware of the antibiotic resistance that may be a nation-wide problem of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The net positive response (NPR) and net other response (NOR) of all items in perception on antibiotics received more or less equal responses. CONCLUSION The knowledge of antibiotics usage among the students are considerably good compared with previous studies. However, the attitude, perception and practice on antibiotics usage among the pharmacy students are very poor. It alarms the need of appropriate education to enlighten antibiotic awareness for the better disease prevention and health outcomes for the benefit of patient community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Kandasamy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Palanisamy Sivanandy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dalia Almaghaslah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moteb Khobrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maheswari Chinnadhurai
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajalakshimi Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Almeleebia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Almaghaslah D, Kandasamy G, Almanasef M, Vasudevan R, Chandramohan S. Review on the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: Its outbreak and current status. Int J Clin Pract 2020; 74:e13637. [PMID: 32750190 PMCID: PMC7435532 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In late December 2019 and on 1st January 2020, the coronavirus (COVID-19) infecting humans was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Later cases have also been confirmed worldwide. Coronaviruses are RNA viruses that are phenotypically and genotypically diverse. Globally, as of 6th April 2020, laboratory confirmed cases of COVID-19 reported to the World Health Organisation (WHO) amounted to 1 211 214, including 67 666 deaths. AIM In the current study, we performed a literature review on coronavirus outbreak to summarise details about the pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis and the management strategies for the disease control. PATHOGENESIS Coronaviruses are tremendously precise and mature only in differentiated respiratory epithelial cells, as seen in both organ cultures as well as human volunteers. This virus will cause the antiviral T-cell response to be erratic, owing to the T-cell apoptosis activation, triggering the immune system to collapse. TRANSMISSION The understanding of the transmission of COVID-19 risk is incomplete. The transmission mainly occurs through the respiratory droplets once an infected person sneezes, like the spread of flu and other respiratory infectious agents. CLINICAL PRESENTATION Presentations of COVID-19 includes fever, cough, shortness of breath, malaise and respiratory distress. TREATMENT There have been no approved vaccines available for COVID-19 until today. The Ministry of Science and Technology in the People's Republic of China declared three potential antiviral medicines suitable for treating COVID-19. Those three medicines are, namely, favilavir, chloroquine phosphate and remdesivir. Hydroxychloroquine combined with azithromycin enhances the reduction of the viral load in COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION The corona virus transmits quicker than its two predecessors the MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, but has reduced casualty. The global effects of this latest pandemic are still unclear. Nevertheless, considering that so far no vaccine has been available; preventive approaches are the best way to fight against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Almaghaslah
- Department of Clinical PharmacyCollege of PharmacyKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia
| | - Geetha Kandasamy
- Department of Clinical PharmacyCollege of PharmacyKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia
| | - Mona Almanasef
- Department of Clinical PharmacyCollege of PharmacyKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia
| | - Rajalakshimi Vasudevan
- Department of Clinical PharmacyCollege of PharmacyKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia
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Almanasef M, Alsayari A, Almaghaslah D, Alahmari F, Kandasamy G, Vasudevan R. Flipping pharmacoepidemiology classes in a Saudi Doctor of Pharmacy program. TROP J PHARM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v19i4.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To examine student perceptions towards the flipped classroom approach and its impact on their learning and their course evaluation when compared to the traditional classroom method.Methods: Five classes of the pharmacoepidemiology course were delivered using the flipped classroom approach. Student perception towards the flipped teaching method was measured using a satisfaction survey. Measuring the impact of the flipped classroom on student learning and the student course evaluation was achieved by comparing the midterm grades and the results of the standard endof- course evaluations with the previous semester's cohort.Results: Students’ perceptions of the flipped classroom were mostly favourable. The course and its various components were viewed more favourably in the second semester than in the first semester. Statistically significant improvements were observed in the perception of the topics covered in the course (p = 0.045), fairness of the grade assessment (p = 0.004), and perception of course feedback (p = 0.021). No statistical difference was noted between the midterm examination scores of the first semester cohort (24.53 ± 3.80) and the second semester cohort (25.15 ± 3.00); [t (22.54) = 0.53, p =0.3].Conclusion: This study demonstrates that using the flipped classroom approach for teaching pharmacoepidemiology can improve student satisfaction, as well as maintain their academic performance.
Keywords: Flipped classroom, Pharmacy education, Blended learning
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Ching SM, Hamidin A, Vasudevan R, Sazlyna MSL, Wan Aliaa WS, Foo YL, Yee A, Hoo FK. Prevalence and factors associated with internet addiction among medical students - A cross-sectional study in Malaysia. Med J Malaysia 2017; 72:7-11. [PMID: 28255133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Internet is important to university students, especially for medical students who use it to search for literature and relevant information. However, some of the users are experiencing a gradual loss of the ability to reduce the duration and frequency of their internet activities, despite the negative consequences. The literature on internet usage among Malaysian medical students is limited. This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with internet usage among medical students in a public university in Malaysia. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed among all the medical students (Year 1-5). Students were assessed on their internet activities using the internet addiction questionnaires (IAT). A Multiple Logistic Regression was used for data analysis. RESULTS The study was conducted among 426 students. The study population consisted of 156 males (36.6%) and 270 females (63.4%). The mean age was 21.6 ±1.5 years. Ethnicity distribution among the students was: Malays (55.6%), Chinese (34.7%), Indians (7.3%) and others (2.3%). According to the IAT, 36.9% of the study sample was addicted to the internet. Using the multivariate logistic regression analysis, we have found that the use of internet access for entertainment purposes (odds ratio [OR] 3.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-12.00), male students (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.01-3.21) and increasing frequency of internet usage were associated with internet addiction (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.09- 1.67). CONCLUSION Internet addiction is a relatively frequent phenomenon among medical students. The predictors of internet addiction were male students using it for surfing and entertainment purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Ching
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Family Medicine, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - A Hamidin
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatric, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R Vasudevan
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Research Institute of Ageing, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M S L Sazlyna
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - W S Wan Aliaa
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Y L Foo
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A Yee
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychological Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - F K Hoo
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Selangor, Malaysia
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Abstract
The object of this paper is to study the actual waiting time of a customer in a GI/G/1 queue. This is an important criterion from the viewpoint of both the customers and the efficient functioning of the counter. Suitable point processes in the product space of load and time parameters for any general inter-arrival and service time distributions are defined and integral equations governing the correlation functions are set up. Solutions of these equations are obtained and with the help of these, explicit expressions for the first two moments of the number of customers who have waited for a time longer than w in a given time interval (0, T) are calculated.
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Etemad A, Vasudevan R, Aziz A, Yusof A, Khazaei S, Fawzi N, Jamalpour S, Arkani M, Mohammad N, Ismail P. Analysis of selected glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphisms in Malaysian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without cardiovascular disease. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr5845. [DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15025845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Komara M, Vasudevan R, Ismail P, Bakar SA, Pishva SR, Heidari F. Association of beta 2 adrenoceptor gene polymorphisms in Malaysian hypertensive subjects. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:2939-48. [PMID: 24782128 DOI: 10.4238/2014.april.16.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system plays a major role in blood pressure regulation. Beta 2 (β2) adrenoceptor gene polymorphisms have been associated with hypertension in different populations with conflicting results. We examined the association of three common polymorphisms, Arg16Gly, Gln27Glu, and Thr164Ile, of the β2 adrenoceptor gene in Malaysian hypertensive subjects. A total of 160 hypertensive and control subjects were recruited. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and anthropometric measurements were obtained from each subject. Biochemical analyses of lipid profiles were conducted with an autoanalyzer. DNA samples were extracted from blood and buccal cells. Genotyping was accomplished with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. SBP, DBP, body mass index, and biochemical factors all differed significantly between case and control subjects (P < 0.05). The genotype frequencies of Arg16Arg, Arg16Gly, and Gly16Gly were 22.5, 70, and 7.5% among cases and 33.1, 63.1, and 3.8% among controls, respectively. The genotype frequencies of Gln27Gln, Gln27Glu, and Glu27Glu among cases were 41.1, 50, and 1.9% compared to 77.5, 20.6, and 1.9% among controls, respectively. In this study, the Gln27Glu polymorphism was significantly associated with Malaysian hypertensive subjects (P < 0.05). Therefore, the Gln27Glu polymorphism of the β2 adrenoceptor could be a risk factor associated with hypertension among Malaysians.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Komara
- Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R Vasudevan
- Institute of Gerontology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - P Ismail
- Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S A Bakar
- Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S R Pishva
- Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - F Heidari
- Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Hussein AA, Vasudevan R, Patimah I, Prashant N, Nora FA. Association of azoospermia factor region deletions in infertile male subjects among Malaysians. Andrologia 2014; 47:168-77. [PMID: 24528375 DOI: 10.1111/and.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Azoospermia factor region (AZF) deletions (AZFa, AZFb, AZFc and AZFd) in the Y chromosome were analysed in male infertility subjects in various populations with conflicting results. This study comprised of 54 infertile males and 63 fertile controls, and the frequency of AZFa, AZFb, AZFc and AZFd deletions were determined using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as well as real-time PCR-high resolution melting analysis-based methods. The results of this study showed that, three of 54 cases (5.55%) had AZF (a, b and c) deletions (two had AZFc and one had AZFa deletions). Four cases were found to have AZFd deletions (7.4%) with two of them being associated with AZFc deletions (P = 0.028). The frequency of AZF (a, b and c) deletions in Malaysian infertile male subjects was found to be comparable with other populations. AZFd deletions were found to be significant (P < 0.05) in male infertility and it may be associated with other types of AZF deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Hussein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Affiliation(s)
- R P S Tomar
- Classified Specialist (Pediatrics & Neonatology), MH Jalandhar Cantt, Punjab 144005, India
| | - R Vasudevan
- Senior Advisor (Pediatrics), MH Jalandhar Cantt, Punjab, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Classified Specialist (ENT), MH Jalandhar Cantt, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - D K Gupta
- Graded Specialist (ENT), MH Jalandhar Cantt, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
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Tomar RPS, Vasudevan R. Metabolic acidosis due to inhaled salbutamol toxicity: A hazardous side effect complicating management of suspected cases of acute severe asthma. Med J Armed Forces India 2012; 68:242-4. [PMID: 24532877 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic acidosis has seldom been reported during treatment of asthma with use of beta agonist but not with much clinical consequence. We report two cases of metabolic acidosis with hyperventilation as a direct effect of salbutamol that caused difficulty in assessment and management of their respiratory symptoms which resolved with appropriate tapering of beta agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P S Tomar
- Classified Specialist, Dept of Paediatrics & Neonatology, MH Jalandhar Cant, Punjab 144005, India
| | - R Vasudevan
- Senior Advisor, Dept of Paediatrics & Neonatology, MH Jalandhar Cant, Punjab 144005, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Rps Tomar
- Classified Specialist (Paediatrics & Neonatology), Military Hospital, Jalandhar Cantt., Punjab - 144005
| | - D Vashisth
- Graded Specialist (Dermatology & Venereology), Military Hospital, Jalandhar Cantt., Punjab - 144005
| | - R Vasudevan
- Senior Advisor (Paediatrics), Military Hospital, Jalandhar Cantt., Punjab - 144005
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Vasudevan R, Norhasniza M, Patimah I. Association of variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism in the IL-4 gene with end-stage renal disease in Malaysian patients. Genet Mol Res 2011; 10:943-7. [DOI: 10.4238/vol10-2gmr1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Vasudevan R, Ismail P, Stanslas J, Shamsudin N, Ali AB. Association of insertion/deletion polymorphism of alpha-adrenoceptor gene in essential hypertension with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus in Malaysian subjects. Int J Biol Sci 2008; 4:362-7. [PMID: 18953403 PMCID: PMC2567812 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of Alpha2B-Adrenoceptor (ADRA2B) gene located on chromosome 2 has been studied extensively in related to cardiovascular diseases. The main aim of the present study was to examine the potential association of D allele frequency of I/D polymorphism of ADRA2B gene in Malaysian essential hypertensive subjects with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study includes 70 hypertensive subjects without T2DM, 65 hypertensive subjects with T2DM and 75 healthy volunteers as control subjects. Genotyping of I/D polymorphism was performed by conventional PCR method. There was significant difference found in age, body mass index, systolic/diastolic blood pressure and high density lipoprotein cholesterol level between the case and control subjects. DD genotypic frequency of I/D polymorphism was significantly higher in hypertensive subjects (42.84% vs. 29.33%; P=0.029) and in hypertensive with T2DM subjects (46.15% vs. 29.33%; P=0.046) than control group. D allele frequency was higher in hypertensive group (67.41%) than control subjects (52.67%). However, no significant difference was found between the three genotypes of I/D polymorphism of ADRA2B gene and the clinical characteristics of the subjects. The result obtained in this study show D allele of ADRA2B gene was associated with essential hypertension with or without T2DM in Malaysian subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vasudevan
- Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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Vasudevan R, Ismail P, Stanslas J, Shamsudin N. Association of G2350A Polymorphism of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene with Essential Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Malaysian Subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2008.1045.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Vasudevan R, Ismail P, Stanslas J, Shamsudin N. C-511T Polymorphism of Interleukin-1 β Gene is Not Associated in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-A Study in Malaysian Population. J of Medical Sciences 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2008.216.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kumaravelu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College, Chennai, India
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Hill T, Vasudevan R. Loosening the ties. Interview by Maura Thompson. Health Serv J 2000; 110:34-5. [PMID: 11184499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura undergoing cardiac operations are scarce and no recommendations exist regarding their management. We report 3 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and severe coronary artery disease who underwent uncomplicated coronary bypass grafting. METHODS The case history of each patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and the literature were reviewed. RESULTS All 3 patients underwent uncomplicated coronary artery bypass grafting after preoperative treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and intraoperative platelet transfusions if needed. Prophylactic splenectomy was not performed. There was no increased incidence of bleeding complications. CONCLUSIONS Coronary artery bypass grafting can be safely performed in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura using conventional conduits after pretreating with immunoglobulin G and avoiding splenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Mathew
- Department of Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital and University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01604, USA
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Prasad PBSNV, Ahila S, Vasudevan R, Seshadri SK. Fatigue strength of nickel electrodeposits prepared in ultrasonically agitated bath. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02352906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sridhar R, Vasudevan R. Anyon superfluidity in the framework of nonrelativistic-current algebra. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 49:670-673. [PMID: 10009338 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Prasad PBSNVP, Ahila S, Vasudevan R, Seshadri SK. Corrosion resistance of zinc electrodeposits in an ultrasonically agitated bath. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00517601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Badrinath SS, Vasudevan R, Murugesan R, Basti S, Nicholson AD, Singh P, Gopal L, Sharma T, Rao SB, Abraham C. Intraoperative measurement of intraocular pressure in vitrectomized aphakic air-filled eyes using the Tono-Pen XL. Retina 1993; 13:307-11. [PMID: 8115731 DOI: 10.1097/00006982-199313040-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The Tono-Pen XL (Bio-Rad, Santa Ana, CA) was compared with manometer readings for intraoperative measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) in 40 eyes of 40 consecutive patients after vitrectomy, lensectomy, and fluid-air exchange. Tono-Pen readings corresponding to manometer readings of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mmHg were obtained in a masked fashion with a randomized sequence of manometer readings. A correlation was obtained between the manometer and Tono-Pen readings (r = 0.96 in emmetropic eyes and r = 0.93 in myopic eyes). The regression curve that represents the calibration curve of Tono-Pen in terms of the manometer readings for air-filled vitrectomized eyes was obtained. Any Tono-Pen reading can be easily translated into the corresponding manometer reading by referring to the curve. The Tono-Pen can therefore be effectively used to accurately determine intraoperative IOP in eyes undergoing vitrectomy, lensectomy, and fluid-air exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Badrinath
- Vitreoretinal Department, Sankara Nethralaya, Medical Research Foundation, Madras, India
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