1
|
Rabaan AA, Al Fares MA, Almaghaslah M, Alpakistany T, Al Kaabi NA, Alshamrani SA, Alshehri AA, Almazni IA, Saif A, Hakami AR, Khamis F, Alfaresi M, Alsalem Z, Alsoliabi ZA, Al Amri KAS, Hassoueh AK, Mohapatra RK, Arteaga-Livias K, Alissa M. Application of CRISPR-Cas System to Mitigate Superbug Infections. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2404. [PMID: 37894063 PMCID: PMC10609045 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance in bacterial strains known as superbugs is estimated to cause fatal infections worldwide. Migration and urbanization have resulted in overcrowding and inadequate sanitation, contributing to a high risk of superbug infections within and between different communities. The CRISPR-Cas system, mainly type II, has been projected as a robust tool to precisely edit drug-resistant bacterial genomes to combat antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains effectively. To entirely opt for its potential, advanced development in the CRISPR-Cas system is needed to reduce toxicity and promote efficacy in gene-editing applications. This might involve base-editing techniques used to produce point mutations. These methods employ designed Cas9 variations, such as the adenine base editor (ABE) and the cytidine base editor (CBE), to directly edit single base pairs without causing DSBs. The CBE and ABE could change a target base pair into a different one (for example, G-C to A-T or C-G to A-T). In this review, we addressed the limitations of the CRISPR/Cas system and explored strategies for circumventing these limitations by applying diverse base-editing techniques. Furthermore, we also discussed recent research showcasing the ability of base editors to eliminate drug-resistant microbes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Mona A Al Fares
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar Almaghaslah
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam 32245, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Alpakistany
- Bacteriology Department, Public Health Laboratory, Taif 26521, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal A Al Kaabi
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA), Abu Dhabi 51900, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh A Alshamrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Abdullah Almazni
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Saif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahim R Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faryal Khamis
- Infection Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat 1331, Oman
| | - Mubarak Alfaresi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Zayed Military Hospital, Abu Dhabi 3740, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zainab Alsalem
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Amal K Hassoueh
- Pharmacy Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 7790, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar 758002, India
| | - Kovy Arteaga-Livias
- Escuela de Medicina-Filial Ica, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Ica 11000, Peru
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán, Huanuco 10000, Peru
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghazwani M, Vasudevan R, Kandasamy G, Hani U, Niharika G, Naredla M, Devanandan P, Puvvada RC, Almehizia AA, Hakami AR, Dhurke R. Development and In Vitro Characterization of Antibiotic-Loaded Nanocarriers for Dental Delivery. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072914. [PMID: 37049683 PMCID: PMC10096469 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research work was to formulate and evaluate ciprofloxacin hydrochloride-loaded nanocarriers for treating dental infections and bone regeneration. Periodontal infection is associated with inflammation, soft tissue destruction, and bone loss. The objective of the study was to extract β tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) from coral beach sand using the hydrothermal conversion method and load these nanocarriers with ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. The developed drug-loaded nanocarriers were evaluated for various parameters. In vitro drug-loading studies showed the highest drug loading of 71% for F1 with a drug: carrier ratio compared to plain ciprofloxacin hydrochloride gel. β-TCP and nanocarriers were evaluated for powder characteristics and the results were found to have excellent and fair flowability. In vitro drug release studies conducted over a period of 5 days confirmed the percentage drug release of 96% at the end of 120 h. Nanocarriers were found to be effective against S. aureus and E. coli showing statistically significant antibacterial activity at (* p < 0.05) significant level as compared to plain ciprofloxacin hydrochloride gel. The particle size of β-TCP and nanocarriers was found to be 2 µm. Fourier transform infra-red studies showed good compatibility between the drug and the excipients. Differential scanning calorimetry studies revealed the amorphous nature of the nanocarriers as evident from the peak shift. It is obvious from the XRD studies that the phase intensity was reduced, which demonstrates a decrease in crystallinity. Nanocarriers released the drug in a controlled manner, hence may prove to be a better option to treat dental caries as compared to conventional treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ghazwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajalakshimi Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Geetha Kandasamy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaddam Niharika
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. Peter's Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanamkonda 506001, Telangana, India
| | - Manusri Naredla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. Peter's Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanamkonda 506001, Telangana, India
| | - Praveen Devanandan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, St. Peter's Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanamkonda 506001, Telangana, India
| | - Ranadheer Chowdary Puvvada
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, St. Peter's Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanamkonda 506001, Telangana, India
| | - Abdulrahman A Almehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahim R Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 61481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajeshri Dhurke
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. Peter's Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanamkonda 506001, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wahab S, Ghazwani M, Hani U, Hakami AR, Almehizia AA, Ahmad W, Ahmad MZ, Alam P, Annadurai S. Nanomaterials-Based Novel Immune Strategies in Clinical Translation for Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031216. [PMID: 36770883 PMCID: PMC9920693 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy shows a lot of promise for addressing the problems with traditional cancer treatments. Researchers and clinicians are working to create innovative immunological techniques for cancer detection and treatment that are more selective and have lower toxicity. An emerging field in cancer therapy, immunomodulation offers patients an alternate approach to treating cancer. These therapies use the host's natural defensive systems to identify and remove malignant cells in a targeted manner. Cancer treatment is now undergoing somewhat of a revolution due to recent developments in nanotechnology. Diverse nanomaterials (NMs) have been employed to overcome the limits of conventional anti-cancer treatments such as cytotoxic, surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Aside from that, NMs could interact with live cells and influence immune responses. In contrast, unexpected adverse effects such as necrosis, hypersensitivity, and inflammation might result from the immune system (IS)'s interaction with NMs. Therefore, to ensure the efficacy of immunomodulatory nanomaterials, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay that exists between the IS and NMs. This review intends to present an overview of the current achievements, challenges, and improvements in using immunomodulatory nanomaterials (iNMs) for cancer therapy, with an emphasis on elucidating the mechanisms involved in the interaction between NMs and the immune system of the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: or (S.W.); (P.A.)
| | - Mohammed Ghazwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahim R. Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Almehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Exploration and Development Chair (DEDC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prawez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: or (S.W.); (P.A.)
| | - Sivakumar Annadurai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dobie G, Abutalib S, Sadifi W, Jahfali M, Alghamdi B, Khormi A, Alharbi T, Zaqan M, Baalous ZM, Hakami AR, Nahari MH, Mobarki AA, Saboor M, Akhter MS, Hamadi A, Jackson DE, Hamali HA. The correlation between severe complications and blood group types in COVID-19 patients; with possible role of T polyagglutination in promoting thrombotic tendencies. AIMSMEDS 2023. [DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2023001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
<abstract><sec>
<title>Introduction</title>
<p>Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is still posing detrimental effects on people. An association between contracting COVID-19 and the ABO blood group type has been determined. However, factors that determine the severity of COVID-19 are not yet fully understood. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate whether the ABO blood group type has a role in the severity of complications due to COVID-19.</p>
</sec><sec>
<title>Materials and methods</title>
<p>Eighty-Six ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients and 80 matched-healthy controls were recruited in the study from Baish general hospital, Saudi Arabia. ABO blood grouping, complete blood count (CBC), CBC-derived inflammatory markers, coagulation profile, D-Dimer and anti-T antigen were reported.</p>
</sec><sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>Our data showed that patients with blood groups O and B are more protective against severe complications from COVID-19, as compared to patients with blood groups A and AB. This could be partially attributed to the presence of anti-T in blood group A individuals, compared to non-blood group A.</p>
</sec><sec>
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>The current study reports an association between the ABO blood group and the susceptibility to severe complications from COVID-19, with a possible role of anti-T in driving the mechanism of the thrombotic tendency, as it was also correlated with an elevation in D-dimer levels.</p>
</sec></abstract>
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gasim Dobie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Abutalib
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Sadifi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mada Jahfali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bayan Alghamdi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa Khormi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taibah Alharbi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munyah Zaqan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahra M Baalous
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahim R Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Nahari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Mobarki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Saboor
- College of Health Science, Department of Medical Laboratory science, Sharjah University, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Mohammad S Akhter
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Hamadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Denise E Jackson
- Thrombosis and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Hassan A Hamali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Al Shahrani M, Abohassan M, Y Alshahrani M, Hakami AR, Rajagopalan P. High-throughput virtual screening and preclinical analysis identifies CB-1, a novel potent dual B-Raf/c-Raf inhibitor, effective against wild and mutant variants of B-Raf expression in colorectal carcinoma. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2021; 35:1165-1176. [PMID: 34727304 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-021-00426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Paradoxical Raf activation via Raf dimerization is a major drawback of wild/mutant B-Raf inhibitors. Herein, we report that CB-1 a novel, potent B-Raf/c-Raf dual inhibitor, effective against colon cancer cells, irrespective of their genetic status. High-throughput virtual screening of the ChemBridge library against wild B-Raf (B-RafWT), mutant B-Raf (B-RafV600E), and c-Raf was performed using an automated protocol with the AutoDock-VINA. Caco-2 and HT-29 cells were used. Of the 23,365 compounds screened computationally, CB-1 showed the highest binding energy towards B-RafWT with a ΔGbinding score of - 13.0 kcal/mol. The compound was also predicted to be effective against B-RafV600E and c-Raf molecules with ΔGbinding energies of - 10.6 and - 10.1 kcal/mol, respectively. The compound inhibited B-RafWT, B-RafV600E and c-Raf kinases with IC50 values of 27.13, 51.70, and 40.23 nM, respectively. The GI50 value of CB-1 was 247.9 nM in B-RafWT-expressing Caco-2 cells and 352.4 nM in B-RafV600E-expressing HT-29 cells. Dose-dependent increases in total apoptosis and G1 cell cycle phase arrest was observed in CB-1-treated colon cancer cells. The compound decreased B-Raf expression in both wild and mutant colon cancer cells. CB-1, a novel, potent dual B-Raf/c-Raf inhibitor was effective against colon cancer cells bearing wild-type and mutant variants of B-Raf expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mesfer Al Shahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Central Research Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Abohassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahim R Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prasanna Rajagopalan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
- Central Research Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hakami AR, Dobie G. Studying the effect of particulate matter as SARS-CoV-2 transmitters. J Public Health Res 2021; 11. [PMID: 34674518 PMCID: PMC8883553 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies of risk factors are especially valuable at this difficult time in the midst of a pandemic. High levels of particulate matter (PM) represent a serious risk factor on health. While this is a direct impact on health, indirect effects are worth considering too. Design and methods: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PM in the transmission of viruses, especially SARSCoV- 2. Also, we sought to understand dynamics of PM in still air at high and low altitudes. Historic AQI and physical PM measurements were collected between August and September 2020 using air quality detector. Potential correlations between the number of total confirmed COVID-19 cases and average air quality index (AQI) from varied geographic locations were also assessed. Results: Airborne PM levels were weakly associated with COVID-19 cases after analysing 77 territories. PM remained longer in the air at high altitudes compared to measurements made at sea level. This suggests that the link between PM and COVID- 19 transmission could be aggravated in areas of high altitude. Conclusions: This article highlights that particulate matter can be involved in SARS-CoV-2 transmission. However, confounding factors may have impacted the association between the two variables. These findings can serve as a foundation for future studies on the effect of air pollutants and fine particulate matter on viral transmission. Significance for public health The impact of high levels of particulate matter on health is well documented. However, growing studies on its indirect effect by transmitting viruses warrant further considerations. In this article, we studied particulate matter in high and low altitudes to better predict the dynamics of particulate matter in still air. Then, correlation between air quality index and COVID-19 cases were made. Backed by some investigations, the positive correlation suggests that particulate matter could play a role in viral transmission including SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, studies of the direct and indirect effect of particulate matters are significant and suggest imposing preventive measures such as air quality monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahim R Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha.
| | - Gasim Dobie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Jazan University, Jazan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hakami AR, Alshamrani AA, Alqahtani M, Alraey Y, Alhefzi RA, Alasmari S, Makkawi M, Dobie G, Mir M, Alshahrani M, Dera A, Alfaifi M, Al Shahrani M, Matari A, Asiry AE. Detection of chikungunya virus in the Southern region, Saudi Arabia. Virol J 2021; 18:190. [PMID: 34544442 PMCID: PMC8454052 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Despite the fact that the chikungunya viral infection is a neglected disease, complications such as hemorrhagic fever, arthritis, and lymphopenia remain a health concern. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the chikungunya virus in the Southern Region, Saudi Arabia. Enzyme immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction have been compared between samples. Materials and methods Forty samples from two southern hospitals in Saudi Arabia were collected between December 2019 and February 2020 and screened for chikungunya virus IgG antibodies and for viral RNA. Selection criteria were based on hematological parameters and rheumatological profiles such as rheumatoid factor, c-reactive protein, anti-nuclear antibody, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) of out-patients. Results One confirmed case of chikungunya virus was detected using the ELISA test. However, no viral RNA was detected in any of the samples. This suggests that the virus is cleared rapidly in patients. Conclusion Chikungunya is a neglected viral disease in Saudi Arabia. Future work should focus on detailed investigation of this viral infection and its vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahim R Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61481, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah A Alshamrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Alraey
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan A Alhefzi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alasmari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Makkawi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gasim Dobie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq Mir
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayed Dera
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alfaifi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mesfer Al Shahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Matari
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, Baish General Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Essa Asiry
- Department of Serology, Asir Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Atom J, Devi NR, Lairenlakpam R, Dafer Al Wadei MH, Hakami AR, BinShaya AS. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Different Pulp-Capping Materials against Enterococcus faecalis: An In vitro Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S608-S611. [PMID: 34447163 PMCID: PMC8375796 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_586_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study aims to assess the antimicrobial action of three different pulp-capping agents against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods: Three pulp-capping agents were chosen for this study: Calcicur, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-Angelus, and Dycal. The zone of inhibition produced by these three pulp-capping agents was measured at 24 h and 72 h to assess their antimicrobial efficacy against E. faecalis. The agar diffusion method was used to examine the antimicrobial effect of pulp-capping agents. Mueller-Hinton agar plates were used to inoculate the microorganisms. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc tests were done to compare the different groups. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: At 24 h, the highest zone of inhibition was found in MTA-Angelus (3.32 ± 0.11 mm), followed by Dycal (2.02 ± 0.46 mm) and Calcicur (1.84 ± 0.92 mm). After 72 h, MTA-Angelus demonstrated a zone of inhibition of 4.60 ± 0.22 mm, followed by Dycal (3.48 ± 0.74 mm) and Calcicur (2.90 ± 0.18 mm). ANOVA test showed a highly statistical significance. A statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) was shown between MTA-Angelus and Dycal. Calcicur did not show any significant difference. Conclusion: This trial found that the freshly mixed MTA-Angelus has a significantly superior antimicrobial effect against E. faecalis than Dycal and Calcicur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Atom
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College, RIMS, Imphal East, Manipur, India
| | - Ningthoukhongjam Rati Devi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College, JNIMS, Imphal East, Manipur, India
| | - Ronel Lairenlakpam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College, JNIMS, Imphal East, Manipur, India
| | | | - Abdulrahim R Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim S BinShaya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Theyab A, Algahtani M, Dobie *G, Hamali HA, Mobarki AA, Saboor M, Halawani AJ, Nahari MH, Hakami AR, Hamadi A, Alsharif KH, Jackson DE. A Rare Pediatric Case Report With Review of Literature for the Diagnosis of Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia (FAB M7). Recent Adv Biol Med 2021. [DOI: 10.18639/rabm.2021.1443014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounting for 3%–10% of primary AML in childhood. Clinical manifestations of AML patients can include low grade of fever, diarrhea, easy bruising, failure to growth, and life-threatening clinical manifestations. Laboratory tests are very crucial to make a definitive diagnosis and treatment. We report here an uncommon case of AMKL in a 12-month-old boy who presented with general paleness and fatigue. Based on blood film investigation, bone marrow examination report, and immunophenotyping, he was diagnosed as a case of AMKL without Down syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Theyab
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Algahtani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - *Gasim Dobie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Hamali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Mobarki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed Saboor
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Jazan University, Gizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr J Halawani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Nahari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahim R Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Hamadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf H Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Al-Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Denise E Jackson
- Thrombosis and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ibrahim MAA, Abdelrahman AHM, Atia MAM, Mohamed TA, Moustafa MF, Hakami AR, Khalifa SAM, Alhumaydhi FA, Alrumaihi F, Abidi SH, Allemailem KS, Efferth T, Soliman ME, Paré PW, El-Seedi HR, Hegazy MEF. Blue Biotechnology: Computational Screening of Sarcophyton Cembranoid Diterpenes for SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibition. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:391. [PMID: 34356816 PMCID: PMC8308023 DOI: 10.3390/md19070391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic has affected more than 150 million people, while over 3.25 million people have died from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As there are no established therapies for COVID-19 treatment, drugs that inhibit viral replication are a promising target; specifically, the main protease (Mpro) that process CoV-encoded polyproteins serves as an Achilles heel for assembly of replication-transcription machinery as well as down-stream viral replication. In the search for potential antiviral drugs that target Mpro, a series of cembranoid diterpenes from the biologically active soft-coral genus Sarcophyton have been examined as SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors. Over 360 metabolites from the genus were screened using molecular docking calculations. Promising diterpenes were further characterized by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) binding energy calculations. According to in silico calculations, five cembranoid diterpenes manifested adequate binding affinities as Mpro inhibitors with ΔGbinding < -33.0 kcal/mol. Binding energy and structural analyses of the most potent Sarcophyton inhibitor, bislatumlide A (340), was compared to darunavir, an HIV protease inhibitor that has been recently subjected to clinical-trial as an anti-COVID-19 drug. In silico analysis indicates that 340 has a higher binding affinity against Mpro than darunavir with ΔGbinding values of -43.8 and -34.8 kcal/mol, respectively throughout 100 ns MD simulations. Drug-likeness calculations revealed robust bioavailability and protein-protein interactions were identified for 340; biochemical signaling genes included ACE, MAPK14 and ESR1 as identified based on a STRING database. Pathway enrichment analysis combined with reactome mining revealed that 340 has the capability to re-modulate the p38 MAPK pathway hijacked by SARS-CoV-2 and antagonize injurious effects. These findings justify further in vivo and in vitro testing of 340 as an antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt;
| | - Alaa H. M. Abdelrahman
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. M. Atia
- Molecular Genetics and Genome Mapping Laboratory, Genome Mapping Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Tarik A. Mohamed
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud F. Moustafa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia; or
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahim R. Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61481, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shaden A. M. Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.); (F.A.); (K.S.A.)
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.); (F.A.); (K.S.A.)
| | - Syed Hani Abidi
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan;
| | - Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.); (F.A.); (K.S.A.)
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Mahmoud E. Soliman
- Molecular Modelling and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Paul W. Paré
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 574, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohamed-Elamir F. Hegazy
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hakami AR, Ball JK, Tarr AW. Non-ionic detergents facilitate non-specific binding of M13 bacteriophage to polystyrene surfaces. J Virol Methods 2015; 221:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|