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Nabhan AF, Mburu G, Elshafeey F, Magdi R, Kamel M, Elshebiny M, Abuelnaga YG, Ghonim M, Abdelhamid MH, Ghonim M, Eid P, Morsy A, Nasser M, Abdelwahab N, Elhayatmy F, Hussein AA, Elgabaly N, Sawires E, Tarkhan Y, Doas Y, Farrag N, Amir A, Gobran MF, Maged M, Abdulhady M, Sherif Y, Dyab M, Kiarie J. OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Reprod Open 2022; 2022:hoac005. [PMID: 35280216 PMCID: PMC8907405 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the scope of literature regarding women’s reproductive span in terms of definitions, trends and determinants? SUMMARY ANSWER The scoping review found a wide variation in definitions, trends and determinants of biological, social and effective women’s reproductive span. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY A woman’s reproductive span refers to her childbearing years. Its span influences a woman’s reproductive decisions. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A systematic scoping review was conducted. We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, JSTOR, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus electronic databases from inception to January 2021 without imposing language or date restrictions. We searched unpublished sources including the Global Burden of Disease, Demographic and Health Surveys, and National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. The list of relevant references was searched by hand. Sixty-seven reports on women’s reproductive span were included in this review. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS This scoping systematic review followed an established framework. The reporting of this scoping review followed the reporting requirements provided in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, Extension for Scoping Reviews. Identified records were independently screened and data were extracted. We performed conceptual synthesis by grouping the studies by available concepts of reproductive span and then summarized definitions, measures used, temporal trends, determinants, and broad findings of implications on population demographics and assisted reproduction. Structured tabulation and graphical synthesis were used to show patterns in the data and convey detailed information efficiently, along with a narrative commentary. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 67 relevant reports on women’s reproductive span were published between 1980 and 2020 from 74 countries. Most reports (42/67) were cross-sectional in design. Literature on reproductive span was conceptually grouped as biological (the interval between age at menarche and age at menopause), effective (when a woman is both fertile and engaging in sexual activity) and social (period of exposure to sexual activity). We summarized the working definitions, trends and determinants of each concept. Few articles addressed implications on demographics and assisted reproduction. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION A formal assessment of methodological quality of the included studies was not performed because the aim of this review was to provide an overview of the existing evidence base regardless of quality. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The review produced a comprehensive set of possible definitions of women’s reproductive span, trends, and potential determinants. Further advancement of these findings will involve collaboration with relevant stakeholders to rate the importance of each definition in relation to demography and fertility care, outline a set of core definitions, identify implications for policy, practice or research and define future research opportunities to explore linkages between reproductive spans, their determinants, and the need for assisted reproduction. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work received funding from the UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), a cosponsored programme executed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The authors had no competing interests. STUDY REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Nabhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, El-Khalifa El-Maamoun Street, Cairo 11341, Egypt. E-mail: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4572-2210
| | - G Mburu
- The UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP Research), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Elshafeey
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - R Magdi
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Kamel
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Elshebiny
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y G Abuelnaga
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Ghonim
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M H Abdelhamid
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mo Ghonim
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - P Eid
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A Morsy
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Nasser
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N Abdelwahab
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - F Elhayatmy
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A A Hussein
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N Elgabaly
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - E Sawires
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Tarkhan
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Doas
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N Farrag
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A Amir
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M F Gobran
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Maged
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Abdulhady
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Sherif
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Dyab
- Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - J Kiarie
- The UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP Research), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Badmus JA, Oyemomi SA, Adedosu OT, Yekeen TA, Azeez MA, Adebayo EA, Lateef A, Badeggi UM, Botha S, Hussein AA, Marnewick JL. Photo-assisted bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Annona muricata leaf extract: exploring the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05413. [PMID: 33195844 PMCID: PMC7644911 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles is reputed to have a robust range of biomedical applications. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) bio-fabricated using aqueous leaf extract of Annona muricata were characterized and evaluated for in-vitro antioxidant, lipid peroxidation inhibition, anti-diabetic and antimicrobial activities as well as cytotoxicity in human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). The extract induced colour change of silver salt solution which absorbed at 420 nm and confirmed the formation of AgNPs. FTIR showed that free amide and hydroxyl groups were responsible for the synthesized nanoparticles. Both XRD and SAED confirmed the crystalline nature of the particles with face centered cubic (FCC) phase. The zeta potential revealed -27.2 mV potential and average distribution size of 35 nm. DLS indicated that the majority of the particles were 86.78 nm size and with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.329. AgNPs displayed strong activities against DPPH (IC50 = 51.80 μg/ml), ABTS (IC50 = 30.78 μg/ml), α-amylase (IC50 = 0.90 μg/ml) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 3.32 μg/ml). The particles exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation with effective antimicrobial activity against a battery of bacterial strains and cytotoxicity in HaCaT cell line. These findings revealed the potential biomedical applications of the particles and further work will be required to establish its molecular mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Badmus
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.,Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
| | - S A Oyemomi
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - O T Adedosu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - T A Yekeen
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - M A Azeez
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - E A Adebayo
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - A Lateef
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - U M Badeggi
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
| | - S Botha
- Electron Microscope Unit, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
| | - A A Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
| | - J L Marnewick
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
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Badmus JA, Ekpo OE, Hussein AA, Meyer M, Hiss DC. Cytotoxic and cell cycle arrest properties of two steroidal alkaloids isolated from Holarrhena floribunda (G. Don) T. Durand & Schinz leaves. BMC Complement Altern Med 2019; 19:112. [PMID: 31151442 PMCID: PMC6545003 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The plant Holarrhena floribunda (H. floribunda; G. Don) is indigenous to sub-Saharan Africa and is traditionally used to treat several ailments. The present study was carried out to isolate and characterize bioactive compounds with anti-proliferative activity present in H. floribunda extracts. Methods Compounds were isolated from H. floribunda using the bioassay-guided fractionation technique of repeated column chromatography and the step-wise application of the MTT reduction assay to assess antiproliferative bioactivity. The structures of the compounds were identified mainly using NMR. The effects of the isolated compounds on the viability, cell cycle and proliferation of human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HeLa and HT-29) as well as the non-cancerous human fibroblast cell line (KMST-6) were investigated. Results Bioassay-guided fractionation yielded two steroidal alkaloids: holamine (1) and funtumine (2). The MTT reduction assay shows that both compounds exhibited selective dose-dependent cytotoxicity against the cancer cell lines studied. The isolated compounds induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 and G2/M phases in the cancer cell lines with significant reduction in DNA synthesis. The results obtained show that the cancer cells (MCF-7, HeLa and HT-29) used in this study were more sensitive to the isolated compounds compared to the noncancerous fibroblast cells (KMST-6). Conclusion The ability of the isolated compounds to cause cell cycle arrest and reduce DNA synthesis raises hopes for their possible development and use as potent anticancer drugs. However, more mechanistic studies need to be done for complete validation of the efficacy of the two compounds.
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Al-Sayed SR, Hussein AA, Nofal AA, Hassab Elnaby SI, Elgazzar H. Characterization of a Laser Surface-Treated Martensitic Stainless Steel. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:ma10060595. [PMID: 28772955 PMCID: PMC5553412 DOI: 10.3390/ma10060595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Laser surface treatment was carried out on AISI 416 machinable martensitic stainless steel containing 0.225 wt.% sulfur. Nd:YAG laser with a 2.2-KW continuous wave was used. The aim was to compare the physical and chemical properties achieved by this type of selective surface treatment with those achieved by the conventional treatment. Laser power of different values (700 and 1000 W) with four corresponding different laser scanning speeds (0.5, 1, 2, and 3 m·min−1) was adopted to reach the optimum conditions for impact toughness, wear, and corrosion resistance for laser heat treated (LHT) samples. The 0 °C impact energy of LHT samples indicated higher values compared to the conventionally heat treated (CHT) samples. This was accompanied by the formation of a hard surface layer and a soft interior base metal. Microhardness was studied to determine the variation of hardness values with respect to the depth under the treated surface. The wear resistance at the surface was enhanced considerably. Microstructure examination was characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopes. The corrosion behavior of the LHT samples was also studied and its correlation with the microstructures was determined. The corrosion data was obtained in 3.5% NaCl solution at room temperature by means of a potentiodynamic polarization technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Al-Sayed
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Giza 12611, Egypt.
| | - A A Hussein
- Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza 12611, Egypt.
| | - A A Nofal
- Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), Helwan 11731, Egypt.
| | - S I Hassab Elnaby
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Giza 12611, Egypt.
| | - H Elgazzar
- Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), Helwan 11731, Egypt.
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Hussein AA, Hamidieh AA, Elhaddad A, Ramzi M, Othman TB, Hussain F, Dennison D, Ahmed P, Abboud M, Al-Ahmari A, Wahadneh A, Fathy J, Bekadja MA, Al-Kindi S, Benchekroun S, Ibrahim A, Behfar M, Samra M, Ladeb S, Adil S, El-Solh H, Ayas M, Aljurf M, Ghavamzadeh A, Al-Seraihy A. First report of pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation activities in the eastern mediterranean region from 1984 to 2011: on behalf of the pediatric cancer working committee of the eastern mediterranean blood and marrow transplantation group. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 52:120-125. [PMID: 27618684 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To describe the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) activities for children in the Eastern Mediterranean (EM) region, data on transplants performed for children less than 18 years of age between 1984 and 2011 in eight EM countries (Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Tunisia) were collected. A total of 5187 transplants were performed, of which 4513 (87%) were allogeneic and 674 (13%) were autologous. Overall, the indications for transplantation were malignant diseases in 1736 (38.5%) and non-malignant in 2777 (61.5%) patients. A myeloablative conditioning regimen was used in 88% of the allografts. Bone marrow (BM) was the most frequent source of stem cells (56.2%), although an increasing use of PBSC was observed in the last decade. The stem cell source of autologous HSCT has shifted over time from BM to PBSC, and 80.9% of autologous HSCTs were from PBSCs. The donors for allogeneic transplants were matched-related in 94.5% of the cases, and unrelated transplants, mainly cord blood (99%) in 239 (5.5%) cases. This is the first report to describe the pediatric HSCT activities in EM countries. Non-malignant disorders are the main indication for allogeneic transplantation. Frequency of alternate donor transplantation is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Hussein
- Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation Program, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - A A Hamidieh
- Hematology, Oncology and SCT Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - A Elhaddad
- National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Ramzi
- Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - T B Othman
- Center National de Greffe de Moelle Osseuse de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - F Hussain
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - D Dennison
- Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - P Ahmed
- Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - M Abboud
- American University Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - A Al-Ahmari
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Wahadneh
- Queen Rania Al-Abdullah Children Hospital-King Hussein Medical Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - J Fathy
- National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M-A Bekadja
- Oran University-1st November Hospital, Oran, Algeria
| | - S Al-Kindi
- Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - S Benchekroun
- Service d'Hematologie et Oncologie Pediatrique, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - A Ibrahim
- Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - M Behfar
- Hematology, Oncology and SCT Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M Samra
- National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Ladeb
- Center National de Greffe de Moelle Osseuse de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - S Adil
- Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - H El-Solh
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Ayas
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Aljurf
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Ghavamzadeh
- Hematology, Oncology and SCT Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - A Al-Seraihy
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Shoukry AI, Abouela WN, ElSheemy MS, Shouman AM, Daw K, Hussein AA, Morsi H, Mohsen MA, Badawy H, Eissa M. Use of holmium laser for urethral strictures in pediatrics: A prospective study. J Pediatr Urol 2016; 12:42.e1-6. [PMID: 26302829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The management of urethral strictures is very challenging and requires the wide expertise of different treatment modalities ranging from endoscopic procedures to open surgical interventions. OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness and complications of retrograde endoscopic holmium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser (Ho: YAG) urethrotomy (HLU) for the treatment of pediatric urethral strictures. PATIENTS AND METHODS From January 2010 to January 2013, 29 male pediatric patients with a mean age of 5.9 years and primary urethral strictures 0.5-2 cm long were treated using HLU. The stricture length was <1 cm in 16 (55%) patients and >1 cm in 13 (45%). Fifteen (51.7%) patients had an anterior urethral stricture, while 14 (48.3%) had a posterior urethral stricture. No positive history was found in 14 (48.3%) patients for the stricture disease, while six (20.7%) had straddle trauma and nine (31%) had an iatrogenic stricture. All of the patients were pre-operatively investigated and at 3 and 6 months postoperation by uroflowmetry and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). If there were suspicious voiding symptoms, selective uroflowmetry and VCUG were performed at 12 months postoperation. RESULTS The mean operation time was 31.7 min (20-45 min). Twenty-three (79.3%) and 18 (62.1%) patients showed normal urethra on VCUG with improvement of symptoms at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Thus, recurrence was 37.9% after 6 months of follow-up. The mean pre-operative peak urinary flow rate (Qmax) was 6.47 ml/s. The mean postoperative Qmax at 3 and 6 months was 17.17 ml/s and 15.35 ml/s, respectively. The success rate and flowmetry results did not show any statistical significance in relation to site, length and cause of the strictures. The other 11 patients who failed to improve underwent repeated HLU sessions: 4/11 (36.3%) achieved successful outcomes. Among the seven patients with failed HLU for the second time, a third session was conducted. However, only one patient (14.2%) was cured, while open repair was needed for the remaining six. DISCUSSION One study has previously been published on the management of pediatric urethral strictures using HLU. The present results are similar to short-term studies after a single session of visual internal urethrotomy using cold knife (VIU). In the present study, the length, location and cause of strictures did not significantly affect the results. However, the outcomes with strictures <1 cm were better than strictures >1 cm, although patients with strictures >2 cm were excluded. In the present study, the success rates among patients with second and third sessions of HLU were 36.3% and 14.2%, respectively. This was similar to other studies, which reported low success rate with the second session of VIU. The present study was limited by the relatively short period of follow-up and the small number of patients. However, it was the first prospective study evaluating HLU for pediatric strictures. The use of flowmetry and VCUG for evaluation of all patients added to the strength of the study. CONCLUSION HLU can be safely used with good success rates for the treatment of primary urethral strictures (<2 cm) in children. Repeat HLU (more than twice) adds little to success.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Shoukry
- Pediatric Urology Department, Abu El Rish Children Hospital, Cairo University, KasrAlAiny Street, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - W N Abouela
- Pediatric Urology Department, Abu El Rish Children Hospital, Cairo University, KasrAlAiny Street, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - M S ElSheemy
- Pediatric Urology Department, Abu El Rish Children Hospital, Cairo University, KasrAlAiny Street, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - A M Shouman
- Pediatric Urology Department, Abu El Rish Children Hospital, Cairo University, KasrAlAiny Street, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - K Daw
- Pediatric Urology Department, Abu El Rish Children Hospital, Cairo University, KasrAlAiny Street, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - A A Hussein
- Pediatric Urology Department, Abu El Rish Children Hospital, Cairo University, KasrAlAiny Street, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - H Morsi
- Pediatric Urology Department, Abu El Rish Children Hospital, Cairo University, KasrAlAiny Street, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - M A Mohsen
- Urology Department, Kasr Alainy Hospital, Cairo University, KasrAlainy Street, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - H Badawy
- Pediatric Urology Department, Abu El Rish Children Hospital, Cairo University, KasrAlAiny Street, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - M Eissa
- Pediatric Urology Department, Abu El Rish Children Hospital, Cairo University, KasrAlAiny Street, Cairo, Egypt.
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Baronciani D, Angelucci E, Potschger U, Gaziev J, Yesilipek A, Zecca M, Orofino MG, Giardini C, Al-Ahmari A, Marktel S, de la Fuente J, Ghavamzadeh A, Hussein AA, Targhetta C, Pilo F, Locatelli F, Dini G, Bader P, Peters C. Hemopoietic stem cell transplantation in thalassemia: a report from the European Society for Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation Hemoglobinopathy Registry, 2000-2010. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 51:536-41. [PMID: 26752139 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2015.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only method currently available to cure transfusion-dependent thalassemia major that has been widely used worldwide. To verify transplantation distribution, demography, activity, policies and outcomes inside the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), we performed a retrospective non-interventional study, extracting data from the EBMT hemoglobinopathy prospective registry database. We included 1493 consecutive patients with thalassemia major transplanted between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2010. In total, 1359 (91%) transplants were performed on patients <18 years old, 1061 were from a human leukocyte Ag-identical sibling donor. After a median observation time of 2 years, the 2-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS; that is, thalassemia-free survival) were 88 ± 1% and 81 ± 1%, respectively. Transplantation from a human leukocyte Ag-identical sibling offered the best results, with OS and EFS of 91 ± 1% and 83 ± 1%, respectively. No significant differences in survival were reported between countries. The threshold age for optimal transplant outcomes was around 14 years, with an OS of 90-96% and an EFS of 83-93% when transplants were performed before this age. Allogeneic HSCT for thalassemia is a curative approach that is employed internationally and produces excellent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Baronciani
- Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, Ospedale Oncologico di Riferimento Regionale 'Armando Businco', Azienda Ospedaliera 'Brotzu', Cagliari, Italy
| | - E Angelucci
- Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, Ospedale Oncologico di Riferimento Regionale 'Armando Businco', Azienda Ospedaliera 'Brotzu', Cagliari, Italy
| | - U Potschger
- St Anna Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Gaziev
- International Center for Transplantation in Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Anemia, Rome, Italy
| | - A Yesilipek
- Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkiye
| | - M Zecca
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico 'San Matteo', Pavia, Italy
| | - M G Orofino
- Department of Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, Second Paediatric Clinic, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - C Giardini
- Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, Pesaro, Italy
| | - A Al-Ahmari
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Department of PHO and Stem Cell Transplantation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Marktel
- Stem Cells Programme, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - A Ghavamzadeh
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A A Hussein
- Pediatric Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplant, King Hussein Cancer Center, Al-Jubeiha Amman, Jordan
| | - C Targhetta
- Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, Ospedale Oncologico di Riferimento Regionale 'Armando Businco', Azienda Ospedaliera 'Brotzu', Cagliari, Italy
| | - F Pilo
- Ematologia e Centro Trapianti, Ospedale Oncologico di Riferimento Regionale 'Armando Businco', Azienda Ospedaliera 'Brotzu', Cagliari, Italy
| | - F Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | | | - P Bader
- Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Frankfurt a. Main, Germany
| | - C Peters
- St Anna Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
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Hussein AA, Welty CJ, Ameli N, Cowan JE, Leapman M, Porten SP, Shinohara K, Carroll PR. Untreated Gleason Grade Progression on Serial Biopsies during Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance: Clinical Course and Pathological Outcomes. J Urol 2015; 194:85-90. [PMID: 25623742 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We describe the outcomes of patients with low risk localized prostate cancer who were upgraded on a surveillance biopsy while on active surveillance and evaluated whether delayed treatment was associated with adverse outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included men in the study with lower risk disease managed initially with active surveillance and upgraded to Gleason score 3+4 or greater. Patient demographics and disease characteristics were compared. Kaplan-Meier curve was used to estimate the treatment-free probability stratified by initial upgrade (3+4 vs 4+3 or greater), Cox regression analysis was used to examine factors associated with treatment and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the factors associated with adverse outcome at surgery. RESULTS The final cohort comprised 219 men, with 150 (68%) upgraded to 3+4 and 69 (32%) to 4+3 or greater. Median time to upgrade was 23 months (IQR 11-49). A total of 163 men (74%) sought treatment, the majority (69%) with radical prostatectomy. The treatment-free survival rate at 5 years was 22% for 3+4 and 10% for 4+3 or greater upgrade. Upgrade to 4+3 or greater, higher prostate specific antigen density at diagnosis and shorter time to initial upgrade were associated with treatment. At surgical pathology 34% of cancers were downgraded while 6% were upgraded. Cancer volume at initial upgrade was associated with adverse pathological outcome at surgery (OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.19-9.29, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS After Gleason score upgrade most patients elected treatment with radical prostatectomy. Among men who deferred definitive intervention, few experienced additional upgrading. At radical prostatectomy only 6% of cases were upgraded further and only tumor volume at initial upgrade was significantly associated with adverse pathological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Hussein
- Department of Urology and UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Urology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - C J Welty
- Department of Urology and UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - N Ameli
- Department of Urology and UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - J E Cowan
- Department of Urology and UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - M Leapman
- Department of Urology and UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - S P Porten
- Department of Urology and UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - K Shinohara
- Department of Urology and UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - P R Carroll
- Department of Urology and UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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Hussein AA, Al-Mousa A, Khattab E, Al-Zaben A, Frangoul H. TLI-based reduced-intensity conditioning hematopoietic SCT for children and adolescents with high-risk nonmalignant disorders. Bone Marrow Transplant 2014; 50:452-4. [PMID: 25419694 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2014.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A A Hussein
- Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation Program, King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan
| | - A Al-Mousa
- King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Department of Radiotherapy, Amman, Jordan
| | - E Khattab
- Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation Program, King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan
| | - A Al-Zaben
- Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation Program, King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan
| | - H Frangoul
- Pediatric Stem Cell Transplant Program, Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, USA
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Hussein AA, Vasudevan R, Patimah I, Prashant N, Nora FA. Association of azoospermia factor region deletions in infertile male subjects among Malaysians. Andrologia 2014; 47:168-77. [PMID: 24528375 DOI: 10.1111/and.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Azoospermia factor region (AZF) deletions (AZFa, AZFb, AZFc and AZFd) in the Y chromosome were analysed in male infertility subjects in various populations with conflicting results. This study comprised of 54 infertile males and 63 fertile controls, and the frequency of AZFa, AZFb, AZFc and AZFd deletions were determined using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as well as real-time PCR-high resolution melting analysis-based methods. The results of this study showed that, three of 54 cases (5.55%) had AZF (a, b and c) deletions (two had AZFc and one had AZFa deletions). Four cases were found to have AZFd deletions (7.4%) with two of them being associated with AZFc deletions (P = 0.028). The frequency of AZF (a, b and c) deletions in Malaysian infertile male subjects was found to be comparable with other populations. AZFd deletions were found to be significant (P < 0.05) in male infertility and it may be associated with other types of AZF deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Hussein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Abdel-Halim KY, Abo El-Saad AM, Talha MM, Hussein AA, Bakry NM. Oxidative stress on land snail Helix aspersa as a sentinel organism for ecotoxicological effects of urban pollution with heavy metals. Chemosphere 2013; 93:1131-1138. [PMID: 23987578 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative stress in the digestive gland of the land snail Helix aspersa was considered as a bioindicator for atmospheric pollution with heavy metals from several industries and vehicular traffic in Kafr El-Zayat city. Regional means of heavy metals concentration of all sites were 0.71, 7.09, 0.71, 2.68, 41.44 and 18.01 mg kg(-1) wet mass for Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cu, respectively. In addition, the highest values of Cd concentrations were found 1.22 and 1.73 mg kg(-1) wet mass in S1 (Potato International Center) and S4 (The Nile bank), respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase (D-LDH(and recorded lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were significantly high in S1 and S2 (Traffic station). On the other hand, the highest activity of catalase (CAT) was found in S2 (194.04% of control), while the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) reached the highest significant value in S1. As a matter of fact, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were significantly higher in polluted sites than in reference zone. In contrast, the glutathione (GSH) concentration of exposed animals showed significant decrease in all sites, with the lowest value in S1 (57.61% of control). However, metallothioneins concentration (MT) showed no significant difference in all sites except in S1 which accounted for 127.81% of control. Therefore, the overall results of this study showed the importance of H. aspersa as a sentinel organism for biomonitoring the biologic impact of atmospheric pollution in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Abdel-Halim
- Mammalian & Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, 12611 Giza, Egypt.
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Eltomy EM, Saboula NE, Hussein AA. Barriers affecting utilization of family planning services among rural Egyptian women. East Mediterr Health J 2013; 19:400-408. [PMID: 24617117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Access to family planning (FP), quality of care and exploring barriers to utilization of services are key factors in the adoption and continuation of contraception in Egypt. We conducted this study to explore the barriers affecting utilization of FP as well as the characteristics of women who discontinue using FP and nonusers of the FP services. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used. A multistage random selection of 8 family health centres in Menufia Governorate, Egypt was done. We selected a purposive sample of 500 married, rural women of reproductive age who fulfilled the required criteria (109 non-users, 391 discontinued). Cognitive barriers were cited by more than 55% of the participants in both groups and cultural barriers by 40% of both groups. Barriers related to the method were cited by 35.8% of the women who had discontinued, and demographic barriers by 39.4% of the non-users.
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Elhassan AAM, Hussein AA, Mohamed HS, Rockett K, Kwiatkowski D, Elhassan AM, Ibrahim ME. The 5q31 region in two African populations as a facet of natural selection by infectious diseases. RUSS J GENET+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795413020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Elhassan AAM, Hussein AA, Mohamed HS, Rockett K, Kwiatkowski D, Elhassan AM, Ibrahim ME. The 5q31 region in two African populations as a facet of natural selection by infectious diseases. Genetika 2013; 49:279-288. [PMID: 23668094 DOI: 10.7868/s0016675813020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cases of extreme natural selection could lead either to rapid fixation or extinction of alleles depending on the population structure and size. It may also manifest in excess of heterozygosity and the locus concerned will be displaying such drastic features of allele change. We suspect the 5q31 in chromosome 5 to mirror situation of such extreme natural selection particularly that the region encompasses genes of type 2 cytokine known to associate with a number of infectious and non-infectious diseases. We typed two sets of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPS) in two populations: an initial limited set of only 4 SNP within the genes of IL-4, IL-13, IL-5 and IL-9 in 108 unrelated individuals and a replicating set of 14 SN P in 924 individuals from the same populations with disregard to relatedness. The results suggest the 5q31 area to be under intense selective pressure as indicated by marked heterozygosity independent of Linkage Disequilibrium (LD); difference in heterozygosity, allele, and haplotype frequencies between generations and departure from Hardy-Weinberg expectations (DHWE). The study area is endemic for several infectious diseases including malaria and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Malaria caused by Plasmodiumfalciparum, however, occurs mostly with mild clinical symptoms in all ages, which makes it unlikely to account for these indices. The strong selection signals seems to emanate from recent outbreaks of VL which affected both populations to varying extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A M Elhassan
- Unit of Disease and Diversity, Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
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Serencsits CM, Faul H, Foland KA, Hussein AA, Lutz TM. Alkaline ring complexes in Egypt: Their ages and relationship in time. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb086ib04p03009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Mapunya MB, Hussein AA, Rodriguez B, Lall N. Tyrosinase activity of Greyia flanaganii (Bolus) constituents. Phytomedicine 2011; 18:1006-1012. [PMID: 21680165 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Hyper-pigmentation of the skin is a common problem that is prevalent in middle aged and elderly people. It is caused by over production of melanin. Tyrosinase is known to be the key enzyme in melanin production. Ethanolic extract of Greyia flanaganii leaves showed significant (P<0.05) antityrosinase activity exhibiting the IC₅₀ of 32.62 μg/ml. The total extract was further investigated for its toxicity and effect on melanin production by melanocytes cells, and showed significant inhibition (P<0.05) (20%) of melanin production at 6.25 μg/ml and low levels of cytotoxicity (IC₅₀<400 μg/ml). The amount of antioxidants necessary to decrease the initial DPPH absorbance by 50% (EC₅₀) by the total ethanolic extract was found to be 22.01 μg/ml. The effect of G. flanaganii against acne causing bacteria, Propionibacterium acnes, was investigated using microdilution assay. The MIC of the extract of G. flanaganii was found to be 250 μg/ml. Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of (3S)-4-hydroxyphenethyl 3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentanoate (1), 2',4',6'-trihydroxydihydrochalcone (2), 2',6',4-trihydroxy-4'-methoxydihydrochalcone (3), 2',6'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxydihydrochalcone (4), 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone [(2S)-pinocembrin] (5), 2',6'-dihydroxy-4',4-dimethoxy dihydrochalcone (6) and (2R,3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3-O-acetylflavanone (7). The isolated compounds were tested for their antioxidant, cytotoxicity, tyrosinase inhibition and antibacterial activities. Compound 2 exhibited significant (P<0.05) antityrosinase activity exhibiting the IC₅₀ of 69.15 μM. The isolated compounds showed low toxicity of the cells with reduction of melanin content of the cells. All compounds tested showed good radical scavenging activity. These data indicates that G. flanaganii extract and its isolated phenolic constituents could be possible skin lightening agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Mapunya
- Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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18
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Deutschländer MS, Lall N, Van de Venter M, Hussein AA. Hypoglycemic evaluation of a new triterpene and other compounds isolated from Euclea undulata Thunb. var. myrtina (Ebenaceae) root bark. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 133:1091-5. [PMID: 21111037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Investigate the hypoglycaemic activity of the four isolated compounds from a crude acetone extract of the root bark of Euclea undulata var. myrtina, which is used by traditional healers in the Venda area, Limpopo Province in the treatment of diabetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS The hypoglycaemic activity of the four compounds isolated from Euclea undulata was determined by in vitro screening of glucose utilization by C2C12 myocytes at a concentration of 25 μg/ml or 50 μg/ml. The inhibition of α-glucosidase was also tested at concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 200.00 μg/ml. RESULTS Assay-guided isolation of the crude acetone extract of the root bark of Euclea undulata var. myrtina afforded a new triterpene, α-amyrin-3O-β-(5-hydroxy) ferulic acid (1), in addition to three known compounds; betulin (2), lupeol (3) and epicatechin (4). The in vitro results on C2C12 myocytes suggest that compound 4 may have some effect to lowers blood glucose levels, whereas compound 1 has the ability to inhibit α-glucosidase at a concentration of 200.0 μg/ml with an IC₅₀ value of 4.79 that correlates with that of the positive control acarbose IC₅₀ value 4.75. CONCLUSION The results suggest that 4 may have some ability to lower blood glucose levels, whereas 1 has the ability to inhibit α-glucosidase. ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE These findings corroborate the ethnomedicinal use of Euclea undulata by traditional healers for the treatment of diabetes as two substances was isolated from the acetone plant extract that exhibit hypoglycaemic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Deutschländer
- Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Ahmed
- a Department of Mathematics and Statistics , University of Windsor , Canada
| | - A. A. Hussein
- a Department of Mathematics and Statistics , University of Windsor , Canada
| | - P. K. Sen
- b Department of Biostatistics , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Moustafa AMY, Ahmed SH, Nabil ZI, Hussein AA, Omran MA. Extraction and phytochemical investigation of Calotropis procera: effect of plant extracts on the activity of diverse muscles. Pharm Biol 2010; 48:1080-190. [PMID: 20690894 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903490513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. (Asclepiadaceae) is a shrub or small tree that grows wild in Egypt. Calotropis acts as a purgative, anthelmintic, anticoagulant, palliative (in problems with respiration, blood pressure), antipyretic, and analgesic, and induces neuromuscular blocking activity. Little research has been done to study the electrophysiological effects of this plant's extracts on cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle activities. OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to determine the phytochemical composition and the effect of the total alcohol extract of the shoot of the plant, which contains almost all of C. procera's cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, and saponins. Also, this study attempted to throw more light on the electrophysiological effects of the plant extracts on cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle activities and to clarify the mechanism(s) of their observed action(s). MATERIALS AND METHODS The aerial parts of the plant were air dried and their ethanol extracts partitioned with successive solvents. Cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles were used in this study to investigate the physiological and pharmacological effects of the plant extracts from different solvents. The data were analyzed by paired t-test. RESULTS The phytochemical investigation of Calotropis procera revealed the presence of cardenolides, flavonoids, and saponins. The effects of ethanol, n-butanol, and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts were each evaluated on isolated toad heart and their mechanisms of action determined. Perfusion with 2 μg/mL ethanol, 0.2 μg/mL butanol, and 0.2 μg/mL EtOAc extracts caused a significant decrease in heart rate (bradycardia), significant increase in the force of ventricular contraction, and increase in T-wave amplitude. In addition, the effects of different extracts of the studied plant on smooth muscle and skeletal muscle were investigated in this study. The different extracts and latex of C. procera induced a negative chronotropic effect and decreased the heart rate (HR) of isolated toad heart. The different extracts increased the power of contraction of the duodenum (trace a). Pretreatment with atropine sulfate as a muscarinic receptor blocker abolished the stimulatory effect of the different plant extracts and latex of C. procera (trace b). DISCUSSION The present data suggest that ethanol, butanol, and EtOAc extracts of Calotropis procera have negative chronotropism and positive inotropism. Verapamil could abolish the inotropic effect of ethanol as well as that of butanol and EtOAc extracts. Meanwhile, atropine did not abolish the observed negative chronotropic effect. The ethanol extract increased the power of contraction of rabbit duodenum, but atropine abolished this effect. It also decreased the skeletal muscle contraction; this effect could be through blocking of the nicotinic receptors. Butanol and EtOAc extract data for smooth and skeletal muscles are very close to those for the corresponding ethanol extract of the studied plant. The present data for C. procera indicate its direct action on the myocardium, its increase of smooth muscle motility, and its relaxation of skeletal muscle contraction. The chemical constituents could directly affect the cell membrane probably through receptors coupling to G proteins. They regulate the ion channel physiology as in the myocardium. CONCLUSION The present data on the extracts of C. procera indicate a direct action on the myocardium, stimulatory effect on smooth muscle motility, and relaxant action on skeletal muscle contraction. Chemical constituents could directly affect the cell membrane probably through receptors coupling to G proteins. They regulate the ion channel physiology as in the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Y Moustafa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Port Said, Egypt.
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Meyer JJM, Rakuambo NC, Hussein AA. Novel xanthones from Securidaca longepedunculata with activity against erectile dysfunction. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 119:599-603. [PMID: 18638534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY Securidaca longepedunculata is used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in South Africa. The aim of the study was to isolate and identify the active constituents and to determine their activity in the relaxation of corpus cavernosal smooth muscle. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioassay guided isolation of the bioactive compounds using a smooth muscle relaxation bioassay and structural elucidation was carried out using different spectroscopic techniques including 2D NMR. RESULTS Two new xanthones were isolated; one of them showed potent activity to relax the corpus cavernosal smooth muscle by 97 % in comparison to sildenafil (Viagra) at 1.8 x 10(-5) mg/ml. CONCLUSIONS S. longepedunculata's xanthones stimulate the relaxation of corpus cavenosum smooth muscle, which supports the traditional use of its root bark.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Marion Meyer
- Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
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El-Toumy SAA, Hawas UW, Hussein AA, Abd El-Nasser NH. Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies on Artemisia monosperma. Planta Med 2007; 73. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-986877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Hussein AA, Allam H, Kassem H, Sholeik N. A Population Based Study on Mishaps During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Qatar: 10 Years Experience. Qatar Med J 2006. [DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2006.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to determine the national incidence of adverse events following laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) the records were reviewed retrospectively of4861 patients who underwent LC over a period often years (1993-2003).
The most serious non-biliary complication was trocar injury of major vessels in three cases. Other non-biliary complications included duodenal perforation during dis-section of the Calot's triangle, small bowel injury while inserting the umbilical port and trocar site hernia. Adverse biliary events included common bile duct injury, common hepatic duct injury, bile leakage from the cystic duct and one instance of the migration of an endoloop into the com-mon bile duct. Conversion to open cholecystectomy was required in 109 cases.
Although LC may be associated with various adverse sequelae, these are rare and should not deter surgeons and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Hussein
- *Department of Surgery, Anesthesia Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - H. Allam
- *Department of Surgery, Anesthesia Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - H. Kassem
- **Department of Radiology and, Anesthesia Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - N. Sholeik
- ***Department of, Anesthesia Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Lall N, Hussein AA, Meyer JJM. Antiviral and antituberculous activity of Helichrysum melanacme constituents. Fitoterapia 2006; 77:230-2. [PMID: 16529879 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2006.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2005] [Accepted: 01/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bioassay guided fractionation of the acetonic extract of Helichrysum melanacme using human Influenza virus type A and a drug-sensitive strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro resulted in the isolation of 2 4',6'-trihydroxy-3'-prenylchalcone (1) and 4',6',5''-trihydroxy-6'',6''-dimethyldihydropyrano[2'',3''-2',3'] chalcone (2) as active constituents. 3-O-methylquercetin and quercetin were also isolated but were inactive against the microorganisms tested in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lall
- Department of Botany, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Lumbar synovial cysts are a common association of facet joint degenerative disease. However, it is relatively rare for these cysts to cause symptoms of radiculopathy and nerve root compression. PATIENTS AND METHODS We report a series of eight cases which were treated over a period of 20 months. There were five female and three male patients with a mean age of 66 years, and an average follow-up of seventeen months. All patients had pre-operative flexion/extension radiographs and MRI scans. Two patients had failed non-surgical treatment, two were associated with a Grade 1 spondylolisthesis, and all were associated with facet joint arthropathy. There were five cases occurring at L4/5 and three at L5/S1. RESULTS All patients underwent identical procedures, which involved exploration, hemi-laminotomy, flavectomy and minimal facet joint excision. No patient required posterior lumbar interbody fusion and at follow-up five patients had excellent and three had good results.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Indar
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, Essex, UK.
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Tshikalange TE, Meyer JJM, Hussein AA. Antimicrobial activity, toxicity and the isolation of a bioactive compound from plants used to treat sexually transmitted diseases. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 96:515-9. [PMID: 15619572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2004] [Revised: 09/13/2004] [Accepted: 09/27/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Extracts of six ethnobotanically selected medicinal plants (Anredera cordifolia, Elaeodendron transvaalense, Elephantorrhiza burkei, Senna petersiana, Terminalia sericea and Rauvolfia caffra) used traditionally to treat sexually transmitted diseases (STD's) were investigated for antibacterial activity using the agar dilution method. Of the six collected, Terminalia sericea, Senna petersiana and Anredera cordifolia were also investigated for cytotoxicity. The phytochemical studies on Senna petersiana resulted in the isolation of luteolin, which also showed antimicrobial activity. Only the Senna petersiana extract and luteolin isolated from it were tested for antiviral activity and showed some activity at the highest non-toxic concentration of 24 and 500 microg/ml, respectively. The results of the antimicrobial screening support the ethnomedicinal uses of these plants to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Tshikalange
- Department of Botany, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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Affiliation(s)
- R Indar
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, Essex CM20 7QX
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Salman MM, Hancock AL, Hussein AA, Hartwell R. Lumbosacral spondylodiscitis: an unreported complication of sacrocolpopexy using mesh. BJOG 2003; 110:537-8. [PMID: 12742344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M M Salman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, London, UK
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Abstract
Laparascopic splenectomy is one of the advanced surgical procedures with indications gradually increasing in hematological diseases. This is a review of five cases operated upon over two years. All were female patients, three with ITP and two with thalassemia. In one with gall bladder stones, laparascopic cholecystectomy was done with splenectomy. The mean operative time was 3 hours and 30 minutes. No case was converted to open technique. There were no intra-operative or post-operative complications with optimum patient response over the six month follow up; no steroids were required for the ITP patients and no more blood transfusions for the thalassemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Hussein
- General Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - D. Al Azawi
- General Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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30
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Abstract
Melatonin (MEL) displays antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties. In the present study, the effect of MEL on the oxidative stress induced by ochratoxin A (OTA) administration in rats was investigated. Four groups of 15 rats each were used: controls, MEL-treated rats (5 mg/kg body mass), OTA-treated rats (250 microg/kg) and MEL+OTA-treated rats. After 4 weeks of treatment, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation product (LPO) were measured in serum and homogenates of liver and kidney. Also, the levels of glutathione (GSH), and activities of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GSPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in liver and kidney were determined. In OTA-treated rats, the levels of LPO in serum and in both liver and kidney were significantly increased compared to levels in controls. Concomitantly, the levels of GSH and enzyme activities of SOD, CAT, GSPx and GR in both liver and kidney were significantly decreased in comparison with controls. In rats received MEL+OTA, the changes in the levels of LPO in serum and in liver and kidney were not statistically significant compared to controls. Concomitantly, the levels of GSPx, GR and GST activities in both liver and kidney tissues were significantly increased in comparison with controls. Similar increases in GSPx, GR and GST activities were also observed in MEL-treated rats when compared with controls. In conclusion, the oxidative stress may be a major mechanism for the toxicity of OTA. MEL has a protective effect against OTA toxicity through an inhibition of the oxidative damage and stimulation of GST activities. Thus, clinical application of melatonin as therapy should be considered in cases of ochratoxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Meki
- Department of Biochemistry, faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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31
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Hussein AA, Nabil ZI, Zalat SM, Rakha MK. Comparative study of the venoms from three species of bees: effects on heart activity and blood. JOURNAL OF NATURAL TOXINS 2001; 10:343-57. [PMID: 11695823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Crude venoms from three highly evolved aculeate species: Apis mellifera (highly social bees), Bombus morrisoni (eusocial bees), and Anthophora pauperata (solitary bees), were used for conducting this study to compare the effects of honey bee, bumble bee, and solitary bee venom on toad cardiac muscle activity. In addition, these venoms were tested on rat whole blood in order to determine their ability to induce red blood cell haemolysis. The main toxic effects on isolated toad heart were monitored by ECG after perfusion with different concentrations of each bee venom, and are represented as a decrease in the heart rate (HR) accompanied by an elongation in the P-R interval. A gradual and progressive increase in R-wave amplitude was also noted. Several electrocardiographic changes were noted 5-30 min after envenomation with any of the bee venoms. The mechanism of action of the three bee venoms was determined by direct application of atropine, nicotine, or verapamil to the isolated toad hearts. Comparison of the three venoms revealed that Anthophora pauperata venom is the most effective venom in inducing bradycardia, and it has the strongest negative dromotropic effect. Apis mellifera venom demonstrates the most positive inotropic effect of the three venoms. The effects of bee venom on the blood indices of erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) and plasma albumin levels were studied after incubation of rat blood with each venom. It was noticed that RBCs decreased while Hb content, HCT, MCV, MCH, and MCHC increased, although this change did fluctuate and was not significant. A nonsignificant decrease in EOF was noted after 60 min with any of the venoms used. Incubation of rat whole blood with 1 microg/ml of any of the bee venom solutions revealed a highly significant decrease in plasma albumin levels. It can be concluded that venoms from the three species of bees we tested have negative chronotropic and dromotropic effects on isolated toad heart, with Anthophora pauperata being the most potent. In addition, the venoms have positive inotropic effects withApis mellifera being the most potent. The nonsignificant effects of venom on blood profiles and erythrocyte osmotic fragility, combined with the significant decrease in plasma albumin level suggest a protective effect of plasma albumin against bee venom induced toxicity to erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Hussein
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
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32
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Abstract
AIMS This study reports 21 patients who underwent reconstructive surgery for destructive spinal tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mean age was 49 years (range: 39-71 years). Primary lesions were met in two cases. Secondary spinal tumours were diagnosed in 19 cases. Thirteen were breast carcinoma metastases (61.9%). The cervical spine was involved in four cases, thoracic spine in six cases, and the lumbar spine in 11 cases. One patient underwent decompression laminectomy and posterior pedicle screw stabilization. The others underwent tumour tissue excision, with spinal reconstruction with autogenous bone grafting, with or without vertebral body replacement prosthesis. Anterior and posterior stabilization of the vertebral column was also used. RESULTS The objectives of surgery were achieved, in that early ambulation, easier nursing care, pain relief and neurological recovery were reported in all cases. No surgery-related complications were encountered. CONCLUSIONS We recommend surgical intervention for such lesions where reasonable longevity is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Hussein
- Department of Orthopaedics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, Essex, UK
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Synder M, Hussein AA, Niedzielski K, Grzegorzewski A. [The value of selected imaging techniques in evaluation of bone regeneration during limb lengthening]. Chir Narzadow Ruchu Ortop Pol 2001; 65:383-90. [PMID: 11144074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the value of different imaging techniques, including X-rays, ultrasonography, computed tomography and densitometry in the evaluation of bone regenerates during limb lengthening. Material consisted of 60 children, age ranging from 4 to 18 years who underwent surgery using the Ilizarov technique because of limb inequality. During of limb lengthening different imaging techniques were employed for monitoring regenerate growth and remodeling. The study showed that all the employed imaging techniques play an important role in monitoring bone regenerate remodeling at different stages of limb lengthening.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Synder
- Katedra i Klinika Ortopedii, Akademia Medyczna w Lodzi
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Abstract
A reinvestigation of the diterpene metabolites of Lycopus europaeus allowed the isolation of five new compounds, namely, four isopimarane derivatives (1-4) and 5,9-dihydroxygeranyllinalool (5). The structures of these substances were established by chemical and spectroscopic means.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Hussein
- Instituto de Química Orgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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Hussein AA, Muñoz DM, de la Torre MC, Rodríguez B. Some biogenetic-type transformations of neoclerodane diterpenoids from Scutellaria species. J Nat Prod 1998; 61:1030-1032. [PMID: 9722493 DOI: 10.1021/np980084d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of scutebaicalin (1) with K-t-BuO yielded both the (13S)- and (13R)-8beta,13-epoxyclerodanes 2 and 3, respectively, by a Michael-type heterocyclization reaction. Identical treatment of scutalpin B (4) gave the corresponding (11E)-11-deacetoxy-12-dehydro derivative 5 by an elimination reaction. Side chains at C-9, such as those of compounds 1-5, are frequent among the neoclerodanes found in Scutellaria species, and these transformations suggest a plausible biogenetic pathway for these diterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Hussein
- Instituto de Química Orgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
1. The effect of crude honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom on the skeletal, smooth as well as cardiac muscles were studied in this investigation. 2. Perfusion of gastrocnemius-sciatic nerve preparation of frogs with 1 microgram/ml venom solution has weakened the mechanical contraction of the muscle without recovery. Blocking of nicotinic receptors with 3 micrograms/ml flaxedil before bee venom application sustained normal contraction of gastrocnemius muscle. 3. The electrical activity of duodenum rabbits was recorded before and after the application of 1 microgram/ml venom solution. The venom has depressed the amplitude of the muscle contraction after 15 min pretreatment with atropine nearly abolished the depressor effect of the venom on smooth muscle. 4. In concentrations from 0.5-2 micrograms/ml, bee venom caused decrease of heart rate of isolated perfused toad heart. This bradycardia was accompanied by elongation in the P-R interval. A gradual and progressive increase in the R-wave amplitude reflected a positive inotropism of the venom. Application of 5 micrograms/ml verapamil, a calcium channels blocking agent, abolished the noticed effect of the venom. 5. Marked electrocardiographic changes were produced within minutes of the venom application on the isolated perfused hearts, like marked injury current (elevation or depression of the S-T segment), atrioventricular conduction disturbances and sinus arrhythmias. Atropine and nicotine could decrease the toxic effect of the venom on the myocardium. 6. Results of the present work lead to the suggestion that bee venom is mediated through the peripheral cholinergic neurotransmitter system. General neurotoxicity of an inhibitory nature involving the autonomic as well as neuromuscular system are established as a result of the venom, meanwhile a direct effect on the myocardium membrane stabilization has been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z I Nabil
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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37
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Abstract
Seven microsatellite loci were evaluated for their suitability for parentage control. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the short tandem repeat (STR) loci in separate reactions. The microsatellite polymorphisms were visualized by radioisotopic autoradiographic detection. The microsatellite loci showed extensive polymorphism with allele numbers ranging from 4-23 and polymorphism information content (PIC) values in the range of 0.57-0.87. The analysis of these loci also revealed that they have a 99.9% combined probability of exclusion (PE) of erroneous parentage. The results of this study revealed that a very high probability of exclusion could be reached with only four microsatellite loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Hussein
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Veterinary University of Vienna, Austria
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Chhabra MS, Hussein AA, Eisenstein SM. Should fusion accompany lumbar diskectomy? A medium-term answer. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1994:177-80. [PMID: 8156669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The results of lumbar diskectomy for a sciatic syndrome in 90 patients were reviewed at an average of 8.5 years after operation. The best results were achieved in those patients who had their diskectomy within 12 months of the onset of their symptoms and through minimal approaches. Eighty-six percent of patients returned to gainful employment. Sixteen patients (18%) returned with low back pain attributable to the loss of intervertebral disk, of whom eight (9%) required secondary spinal fusion for control of pain. Seven of these latter patients obtained gratifying clinical and functional results. The findings suggest there is insufficient indication for routine spinal arthrodesis combined with lumbar disk excision. Those eight patients (9%) who developed a disabling postdiskectomy/postlaminectomy instability syndrome did so usually as a consequence of excessive bone and ligament excision and benefitted significantly from subsequent spinal arthrodesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Chhabra
- Centre for Spinal Studies, Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom
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Rozenberg H, Abdelkader T, Hussein AA. [Laparoscopic excision of a voluminous bladder diverticulum]. Prog Urol 1994; 4:91-4; discussion 93. [PMID: 8186801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Rozenberg
- Service de Chirurgie B, Centre Hospitalier Général de Dreux
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Hussein AA, Nasr ME. The role of parasitic infection in the aetiology of phlyctenular eye disease. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1991; 21:865-8. [PMID: 1765701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Stool and urine analysis of 150 cases of phlyctenular eye disease, revealed that 115 (76.67%) were positive for intestinal parasites. The most prevalent parasites were Hymenolepis nana (49.56%) followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (27.82%). Eosinophilia (5-10%) was detected in 90 phlycten cases (60%), 80 of them (88.8%) had parasitic infection. Since H. nana can produce a type of tissue hypersensitivity, phlyctenular eye disease may be partly referred to such an infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Hussein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Banha Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Abstract
300 random blood samples collected from residents of Khartoum, Sudan, were analysed for 5 blood group systems, 4 serum proteins, 9 red cell enzymes, abnormal haemoglobins and beta-thalassaemia. The results suggest varying degrees of admixture of the local tribes by migration from the surrounding regions. Two samples showed a probable new variant of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (? GdB Khartoum) with normal red cell activity. In spite of the presence of a high degree of consanguinity in the population, there was no significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in any of the polymorphic systems.
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Schmatz HD, Krauss H, Viertel P, Ismail AS, Hussein AA. [Seroepidemiological investigations in domestic ruminants from Egypt, Somalia and Jordan for the demonstration of complement fixing antibodies against Rickettsia and Chlamydia (author's transl)]. Acta Trop 1978; 35:101-11. [PMID: 28651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
1450 random serum samples of domestic ruminants from Egypt, Somalia and Jordan were investigated for complement fixing antibodies against Rickettsia and Chlamydia. Between 1.5 and 3.4% of the samples from the animals investigated had antibodies against the RMSF-group of Rickettsia, with exception of the sera from Somalian cattle and sheep from Jordan. Antibodies against Rickettsia of the Typhus-group were found in 4 cattle and 1 goat from Jordan and 2 sheep from Egypt; by agglutination test with type-specific antigen they were identified as antibodies against R. typhi. Using 2 different antigens, antibodies against Coxiella burnetii were found in every population tested. The prevalence was 2.0 to 12.2%, with the exception of cattle in Somalia, where only 1 positive serum (0.2%) was found. 27% of the serum samples from Jordan and 22% from Egypt but none of the 802 samples from Somalia had antibodies against Chlamydia. The results are discussed under an epidemiological point of view.
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