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Shewade HD, Frederick A, Kalyanasundaram M, Chadwick J, Kiruthika G, Rajasekar TD, Gayathri K, Vijayaprabha R, Sabarinathan R, Shivakumar SVBY, Jeyashree K, Bhavani PK, Aarthi S, Suma KV, Pathinathan DP, Parthasarathy R, Nivetha MB, Thampi JG, Chidambaram D, Bhatnagar T, Lokesh S, Devika S, Laux TS, Viswanathan S, Sridhar R, Krishnamoorthy K, Sakthivel M, Karunakaran S, Rajkumar S, Ramachandran M, Kanagaraj KD, Kaleeswari M, Durai VP, Saravanan R, Sugantha A, Khan SZHM, Sangeetha P, Vasudevan R, Nedunchezhian R, Sankari M, Jeevanandam N, Ganapathy S, Rajasekaran V, Mathavi T, Rajaprakash AR, Murali L, Pugal U, Sundaralingam K, Savithri S, Vellasamy S, Dheenadayal D, Ashok P, Jayasree K, Sudhakar R, Rajan KP, Tharageshwari N, Chokkalingam D, Anandrajkumar SM, Selvavinayagam TS, Padmapriyadarsini C, Ramachandran R, Murhekar MV. --Eleven tips for operational researchers working with health programmes: our experience based on implementing differentiated tuberculosis care in south India. Glob Health Action 2023; 16:2161231. [PMID: 36621943 PMCID: PMC9833404 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2022.2161231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the workload and lack of a critical mass of trained operational researchers within their ranks, health systems and programmes may not be able to dedicate sufficient time to conducting operational research (OR). Hence, they may need the technical support of operational researchers from research/academic organisations. Additionally, there is a knowledge gap regarding implementing differentiated tuberculosis (TB) care in programme settings. In this 'how we did it' paper, we share our experience of implementing a differentiated TB care model along with an inbuilt OR component in Tamil Nadu, a southern state in India. This was a health system initiative through a collaboration of the State TB cell with the Indian Council of Medical Research institutes and the World Health Organisation country office in India. The learnings are in the form of eleven tips: four broad principles (OR on priority areas and make it a health system initiative, implement simple and holistic ideas, embed OR within routine programme settings, aim for long-term engagement), four related to strategic planning (big team of investigators, joint leadership, decentralised decision-making, working in advance) and three about implementation planning (conducting pilots, smart use of e-tools and operational research publications at frequent intervals). These may act as a guide for other Indian states, high TB burden countries that want to implement differentiated care, and for operational researchers in providing technical assistance for strengthening implementation and conducting OR in health systems and programmes (TB or other health programmes). Following these tips may increase the chances of i) an enriching engagement, ii) policy/practice change, and iii) sustainable implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Deepak Shewade
- ICMR – National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India,CONTACT Hemant Deepak Shewade ; Department of Health Research, Government of India, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, R-127, Second Main Road, TNHB, Ayapakkam, Chennai600077, India
| | | | | | | | - G. Kiruthika
- ICMR – National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | | | - K. Gayathri
- ICMR – National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | | | - P. K. Bhavani
- ICMR – National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - S. Aarthi
- State TB Cell, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K. V. Suma
- The WHO Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S. Lokesh
- ICMR – National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Stalin Viswanathan
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - R. Sridhar
- Government Hospital of Thoracic Medicine, Tambaram, India
| | - K. Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital, Tirunelveli, India
| | - M. Sakthivel
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Karunakaran
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Rajkumar
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - M. Ramachandran
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K. D. Kanagaraj
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - M. Kaleeswari
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - V. P. Durai
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - R. Saravanan
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - A. Sugantha
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | | | - P. Sangeetha
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - R. Vasudevan
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - R. Nedunchezhian
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - M. Sankari
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - N. Jeevanandam
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Ganapathy
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - V. Rajasekaran
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - T. Mathavi
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - A. R. Rajaprakash
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - Lakshmi Murali
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - U. Pugal
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K. Sundaralingam
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Savithri
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Vellasamy
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - D. Dheenadayal
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - P. Ashok
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K. Jayasree
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - R. Sudhakar
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K. P. Rajan
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | - T. S. Selvavinayagam
- Directorate of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
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Shewade HD, Frederick A, Kiruthika G, Kalyanasundaram M, Chadwick J, Rajasekar TD, Gayathri K, Vijayaprabha R, Sabarinathan R, Kathiresan J, Bhavani P, Aarthi S, Suma K, Pathinathan DP, Parthasarathy R, Nivetha MB, Thampi JG, Chidambaram D, Bhatnagar T, Lokesh S, Devika S, Laux TS, Viswanathan S, Sridhar R, Krishnamoorthy K, Sakthivel M, Karunakaran S, Rajkumar S, Ramachandran M, Kanagaraj K, Kaleeswari M, Durai V, Saravanan R, Sugantha A, Khan SZHM, Sangeetha P, Vasudevan R, Nedunchezhian R, Sankari M, Jeevanandam N, Ganapathy S, Rajasekaran V, Mathavi T, Rajaprakash A, Murali L, Pugal U, Sundaralingam K, Savithri S, Vellasamy S, Dheenadayal D, Ashok P, Jayasree K, Sudhakar R, Rajan K, Tharageshwari N, Chokkalingam D, Anandrajkumar S, Selvavinayagam T, Padmapriyadarshini C, Ramachandran R, Murhekar MV. The First Differentiated TB Care Model From India: Delays and Predictors of Losses in the Care Cascade. Glob Health Sci Pract 2023; 11:e2200505. [PMID: 37116929 PMCID: PMC10141439 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-22-00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
To reduce TB deaths in resource-limited settings, a differentiated care strategy can be used to triage patients with high risk of severe illness (i.e., those with very severe undernutrition, respiratory insufficiency, or inability to stand without support) at diagnosis and refer them for comprehensive assessment and inpatient care. Globally, there are few examples of implementing this type of strategy in routine program settings. Beginning in April 2022, the Indian state of Tamil Nadu implemented a differentiated care strategy called Tamil Nadu-Kasanoi Erappila Thittam (TN-KET) for all adults aged 15 years and older with drug-susceptible TB notified by public facilities. Before evaluating the impact on TB deaths, we sought to understand the retention and delays in the care cascade as well as predictors of losses. During April-June 2022, 14,961 TB patients were notified and 11,599 (78%) were triaged. Of those triaged, 1,509 (13%) were at high risk of severe illness; of these, 1,128 (75%) were comprehensively assessed at a nodal inpatient care facility. Of 993 confirmed as severely ill, 909 (92%) were admitted, with 8% unfavorable admission outcomes (4% deaths). Median admission duration was 4 days. From diagnosis, the median delay in triaging and admission of severely ill patients was 1 day each. Likelihood of triaging decreased for people with extrapulmonary TB, those diagnosed in high-notification districts or teaching hospitals, and those transferred out of district. Predictors of not being comprehensively assessed included: aged 25-34 years, able to stand without support, and diagnosis at a primary or secondary-level facility. Inability to stand without support was a predictor of unfavorable admission outcomes. To conclude, the first quarter of implementation suggests that TN-KET was feasible to implement but could be improved by addressing predictors of losses in the care cascade and increasing admission duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Deepak Shewade
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | | | - G. Kiruthika
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | | | - Joshua Chadwick
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - T. Daniel Rajasekar
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - K. Gayathri
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - R. Vijayaprabha
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - R. Sabarinathan
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - Jeyashree Kathiresan
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - P.K. Bhavani
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - S. Aarthi
- State TB Cell, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K.V. Suma
- World Health Organization Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Jerome G. Thampi
- World Health Organization Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Tarun Bhatnagar
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - S. Lokesh
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Stalin Viswanathan
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - R. Sridhar
- Government Hospital of Thoracic Medicine, Tambaram, India
| | | | - M. Sakthivel
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Karunakaran
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Rajkumar
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - M. Ramachandran
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K.D. Kanagaraj
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - M. Kaleeswari
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - V.P. Durai
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - R. Saravanan
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - A. Sugantha
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | | | - P. Sangeetha
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - R. Vasudevan
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - R. Nedunchezhian
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - M. Sankari
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - N. Jeevanandam
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Ganapathy
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - V. Rajasekaran
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - T. Mathavi
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - A.R. Rajaprakash
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - Lakshmi Murali
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - U. Pugal
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K. Sundaralingam
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Savithri
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Vellasamy
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - D. Dheenadayal
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - P. Ashok
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K. Jayasree
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - R. Sudhakar
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K.P. Rajan
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | | | - D. Chokkalingam
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | | | - T.S. Selvavinayagam
- Directorate of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - C. Padmapriyadarshini
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | | | - Manoj V. Murhekar
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
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Abstract
Hypermagnesaemia is an uncommon electrolyte disorder which can be fatal if not recognised and treated promptly. The signs and symptoms of hypermagnesaemia are non-specific, making it an under-diagnosed cause of cardiovascular dysfunction, hypocalcaemia, and neurological and respiratory depression. Since magnesium homeostasis is handled almost exclusively by the kidneys, symptomatic hypermagnesaemia seldom occurs in the context of normal renal function; when it does, it is usually iatrogenic. Here, we report a case of iatrogenic hypermagnesaemia which presented as respiratory depression, preventing weaning from mechanical ventilation following cardiac surgery in a patient in the early stages of chronic kidney disease. On investigation he was found to have isolated severe hypermagnesaemia, following an intravenous bolus of magnesium sulphate administered intra-operatively to treat tachyarrhythmia. Before administering intravenous magnesium therapeutically, it is important for clinicians to assess renal function and baseline serum magnesium along with other possible risk factors for hypermagnesaemia, and to actively look for signs and symptoms of magnesium toxicity when the patient is receiving therapeutic magnesium.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. R. Premkumar
- Institute of Kidney, Urology and Organ TransplantMadras Medical MissionChennaiIndia
| | - R. Parthasarathy
- Institute of Kidney, Urology and Organ TransplantMadras Medical MissionChennaiIndia
| | - S. Kumar
- Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia and Intensive CareMadras Medical MissionChennaiIndia
| | - S. Vijaykumar
- Institute of Cardio Vascular DiseasesMadras Medical MissionChennaiIndia
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Premalatha S, Prabhu E, Gunasekaran G, Krithika P, Parthasarathy R, Jayaraman V. Design and development of heater control circuit without temperature sensor for monitoring hydrogen in argon. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:015005. [PMID: 35104995 DOI: 10.1063/5.0057523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A thin film based tin oxide sensor is developed to monitor low levels of hydrogen (concentration ranging from 5 to 75 ppm) in the cover gas plenum of the fast breeder test reactor. The heater and the sensor patterns are integrated on a miniature alumina substrate, and necessary electrical leads are incorporated into it. For proper functioning of the sensor, the heater has to be maintained at a constant temperature of 350 °C. This paper gives an outline of the electronics developed to measure the sensor signal and to control the heater temperature. The major challenge in this work is that there was no provision for embedding a temperature sensor on the heater surface due to physical constraints. This constrained the maintenance of a constant heater temperature for the proper functioning of the sensor. This led us to develop and demonstrate a heater control circuit without a temperature sensor to maintain a fixed temperature for monitoring hydrogen in argon, and electronics for the above-mentioned circuitry is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Premalatha
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India
| | - E Prabhu
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India
| | - G Gunasekaran
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India
| | - P Krithika
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India
| | - R Parthasarathy
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India
| | - V Jayaraman
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India
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Santhini E, Parthasarathy R, Shalini M, Dhivya S, Mary LA, Padma VV. Bio inspired growth factor loaded self assembling peptide nano hydrogel for chronic wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 197:77-87. [PMID: 34920072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Self assembling peptidebased hydrogel has been explored for delivering growth factors, anticancer drugs, antibiotics etc. Here, RADA 16-I (RADARADARADARADA), an ionic self complementary peptide that forms a well defined nanohydrogel has been studied for its ability to deliver PDGF-BB in a sustained manner and to destruct biofilm formed by wound specific pathogens. Results of the structural analysis of the nanohydrogel studied through AFM, FeSEM, CD, FT-IR and Rheometry, revealed the hydrogel forming ability of RADA 16-I with stable β-sheet structure at room temperature. The nanohydrogel was also found to destruct the biofilm formed under in vitro condition using S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The growth factor incorporated in the nanohydrogel followed first order release kinetics and showed sustained release up to 48 h. Angiogenic potential and wound healing ability of PDGF-BB incorporated nanohydrogel was confirmed in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The animals treated with PDGF-BB incorporated nanohydrogel exhibited 99.5% wound closure at day 21. The content of hydroxyproline and ascorbic acid was significantly high in the treated animals when compared to control and untreated animals. Overall, the study provides the essential information and data for using RADA 16-I for treating chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Santhini
- CoE-MedicalTextiles, The South India Textile Research Association (SITRA), Coimbatore 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - R Parthasarathy
- CoE-MedicalTextiles, The South India Textile Research Association (SITRA), Coimbatore 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Shalini
- CoE-MedicalTextiles, The South India Textile Research Association (SITRA), Coimbatore 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Dhivya
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - L Amalorpava Mary
- CoE-MedicalTextiles, The South India Textile Research Association (SITRA), Coimbatore 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Vijaya Padma
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
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Parthasarathy R, Kumar R, Gopal G, Amarchand R, Broor S, Choudekar A, Purakayastha DR, Wahi A, Narayan VV, Krishnan A. Incidence and clinical features of viral sore throat among children in rural Haryana, India. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:5136-5141. [PMID: 33409177 PMCID: PMC7773104 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_759_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sore throat is one of the commonest symptoms that patients present to a primary care physician. We describe the epidemiology of sore throat and performance of an algorithm to predict viral sore throat in a part of India. Methods Children below 10 years of age were followed in 4 villages of Haryana, India from Aug 2012 to Aug 2014 through weekly domiciliary visits by trained field workers who screened for symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI) including sore throat. Nasal and throat swabs were obtained from a random sample of sore throat cases by nurses and sent in appropriate transport media for real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of viral nucleic acid. Incidence of sore throat and viral sore throat are reported as number of sore throat episodes per 1000 child-years (EPTCY) with 95% confidence-interval (CI). Symptoms, associated with viral sore throat were identified by logistic regression, combined into a clinical score and Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was plotted. Results Over a two-year period, 3765 children were followed up for 5578 child years. 1069 episodes of sore throat were reported, and swabs were collected from 8% of the cases randomly. The incidence of sore throat and viral sore throat was 191.7 (95%CI: 180.5-203.6) and 60.1 (95%CI: 55.1-68.2) EPTCY, respectively. Fever (aOR 5.40,95%CI: 1.16-25.18) and running nose (aOR 10.16,95%CI: 1.01-102.42) was significantly associated with viral sore throat. The clinical score (fever, running nose, and headache) had an overall sensitivity of 86.2% (68.3-96.1%), specificity of 62% (47.2-75.3%) and AUC of 0.78 (0.67-0.87) in predicting viral sore throat. Conclusion Viruses contributed to one-third of burden of sore throat and clinical score can be used in primary care settings to aid antibiotic prescription by physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavan Parthasarathy
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Giridara Gopal
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritvik Amarchand
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shobha Broor
- Centre for Chronic Diseases Control, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Avinash Choudekar
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Abhishek Wahi
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Anand Krishnan
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesise the evidence for estimating the direct and indirect patient costs of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tuberculosis care in India. METHOD PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, IndMED and Google Scholar were searched for studies conducted in India between 2000 and 2018 and published in English. The search terms were "tuberculosis" AND "costs" (cost Analysis, economics, cost of illness, health care costs, health expenditures, direct service costs, catastrophic cost) AND "India". The cost of TB care was from the patient's perspective. Data regarding costs were extracted, indexed to the year 2018 using cumulative inflation rate and converted to US dollars at the exchange rate of 2018. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included in this review. The mean (unweighted) total cost incurred by patients being treated for drug-sensitive TB in a public health facility was $ 235.00 (SD- 222.10), and the median of means was $ 170.60 (range - 43.70-718.40). The mean direct cost was 45.5% of the total cost. Only one study, which was conducted in a private facility, reported the mean total cost for drug-resistant TB as $ 7778.04. Catastrophic cost (total cost ≥ 20% of the total annual household income) was experienced by 7% to 32.4% of drug-sensitive TB patients and by 68% of drug-resistant TB patients. CONCLUSION Despite free diagnostic and treatment services provided under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme, the patient cost of tuberculosis care is high. Relevant studies vary widely in methodology and cost reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Chandra
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Kant
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Raghavan Parthasarathy
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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Parthasarathy R, Malhotra S. Cash transfer interventions in tuberculosis treatment outcomes. Natl Med J India 2019; 32:294-295. [PMID: 32985446 DOI: 10.4103/0970-258x.295960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raghavan Parthasarathy
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumit Malhotra
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Malhotra S, Kant S, Ahamed F, Rath R, Kaladivani M, Gupta SK, Ramadass S, Pathak VK, Jaiswal A, Parthasarathy R, Acharya BP, Dwarakanathan V. Correction: Health behaviors, outcomes and their relationships among young men aged 18-24 years in a rural area of north India: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221493. [PMID: 31415676 PMCID: PMC6695154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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10
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Salve HR, Parthasarathy R, Krishnan A, Pattanaik DR. Impact of ambient air temperature on human health in India. Rev Environ Health 2018; 33:433-439. [PMID: 30256763 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2018-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A systematic search was carried out in the databases of Pubmed, Indmed and Mausam for articles on the effect of ambient temperature on health. Relevant data were extracted using a standard data abstraction form by two authors independently. The overall effects of ambient air temperature are reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) on mortality. Of 812 records identified, only seven were included in the final review as per pre-defined criteria. An increase in the all-cause mortality rate of 41% are reported during a heat wave in India. Risk ratios for all-cause mortality was in the range of 1.7-2.1. The dose-response relationship of ambient temperature and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular diseases are been reported. Current evidence on the effect of ambient temperature and health is sufficient to initiate an integrated response from policy makers, climate scientists and public health practitioners in India. Continued advocacy and generation of more robust evidence is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshal R Salve
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Centre for Community Medicine, Old OT Block, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Raghavan Parthasarathy
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Centre for Community Medicine, New Delhi, India
| | - Anand Krishnan
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Centre for Community Medicine, New Delhi, India
| | - D R Pattanaik
- Extended Range Forecast Group (Numerical Weather Prediction) Division, Head, Publication and Human Resource Development, India Meteorological Department, New Delhi, India
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11
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Nagaraju SP, Kosuru S, Parthasarathy R, Mareddy AS, Attur RP, Rangaswamy D, Prasad S, Kaza S, Shenoy S, Saraf K, Laxminarayana SLK, Mateti UV, Guddattu V. Effects of Citrate Acid Concentrate on Hemodialysis Adequacy, Reuse, and Quality of Life: A Prospective Randomized Crossover Trial. Indian J Nephrol 2018; 28:287-290. [PMID: 30158747 PMCID: PMC6094840 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_154_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a randomized crossover trial to identify whether the use of citrate dialysate (CD) for bicarbonate hemodialysis is beneficial compared to regular acetate dialysate (AD) in terms of adequacy, reuse, and quality of life. Thirty-two stable end-stage renal disease patients on twice-weekly maintenance hemodialysis were randomly assigned to CD or AD fluid in a single-blinded randomized prospective crossover trial of 1-year duration. The primary outcomes studied were the impact of CD in comparison with AD on hemodialysis adequacy, reuse of dialyzer, and quality of life. Secondary outcomes studied were the effect on intradialytic hypotension, acidosis correction, and episodes of symptomatic hypocalcemia. A total number of 28 patients underwent a total of 1456 sessions of hemodialysis with CD over 6 months and 1456 sessions with AD over 6 months. There was a significant increase in dialyzer reuse with the use of CD (P = 0.02). There was no difference in dialyzer adequacy as measured by Single pool Kt/V (spKt/V) (P = 0.840) and urea reduction ratio (%) (P = 0.90). Quality of life did not differ between the two groups. No statistically significant difference was observed in predialysis arterial pH (P = 0.23) serum bicarbonate (0.17) and calcium change (P = 0.16). CD is safe and equally effective as compared to AD. It significantly improves the reuse of dialyzer but it does not offer any added advantage in terms of improvement in hemodialysis adequacy and quality of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Nagaraju
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - S Kosuru
- Department of Nephrology, Mahatma Gandhi Hospitals, Narasaraopet, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - R Parthasarathy
- Department of Nephrology, Madras Mission Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A S Mareddy
- Department of Nephrology, Guntur City Hospitals, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - R P Attur
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - D Rangaswamy
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - S Prasad
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - S Kaza
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - S Shenoy
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - K Saraf
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - S L K Laxminarayana
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - U V Mateti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - V Guddattu
- Department of Statistics, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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12
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Vijayan M, Koshy P, Parthasarathy R, Mathew M, Abraham G. An Unusual Association of Renal Cell Carcinoma and Renal Malakoplakia with Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis in an Elderly Patient. Indian J Nephrol 2018; 28:485-487. [PMID: 30647507 PMCID: PMC6309395 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_289_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of malignancy and glomerulonephritis may be missed, especially in elderly patients. Here, we report a case of eosinophilic variant of renal cell carcinoma and renal parenchymal malakoplakia discovered on renal biopsy in a patient with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome. The presence of malakoplakia in our biopsy was probably due to systemic steroid therapy for glomerulonephritis, presence of concomitant asymptomatic urinary tract infection, and/or history of diabetes mellitus. The patient had remission of proteinuria following laparoscopic removal of the tumor, indicating probable remission of glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vijayan
- Department of Nephrology Madras Medical Mission Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Nephrology, Tamilnadu Kidney Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Koshy
- Department of Pathology, Madras Medical Mission Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Parthasarathy
- Department of Nephrology Madras Medical Mission Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Mathew
- Department of Nephrology Madras Medical Mission Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Abraham
- Department of Nephrology Madras Medical Mission Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Pathology, Madras Medical Mission Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Palanivelu C, Senthilnathan P, Sabnis SC, Babu NS, Srivatsan Gurumurthy S, Anand Vijai N, Nalankilli VP, Praveen Raj P, Parthasarathy R, Rajapandian S. Randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic versus open pancreatoduodenectomy for periampullary tumours. Br J Surg 2017; 104:1443-1450. [PMID: 28895142 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic resection as an alternative to open pancreatoduodenectomy may yield short-term benefits, but has not been investigated in a randomized trial. The aim of this study was to compare laparoscopic and open pancreatoduodenectomy for short-term outcomes in a randomized trial. METHODS Patients with periampullary cancers were randomized to either laparoscopic or open pancreatoduodenectomy. The outcomes evaluated were hospital stay (primary outcome), and blood loss, radicality of surgery, duration of operation and complication rate (secondary outcomes). RESULTS Of 268 patients, 64 who met the eligibility criteria were randomized, 32 to each group. The median duration of postoperative hospital stay was longer for open pancreaticoduodenectomy than for laparoscopy (13 (range 6-30) versus 7 (5-52) days respectively; P = 0·001). Duration of operation was longer in the laparoscopy group. Blood loss was significantly greater in the open group (mean(s.d.) 401(46) versus 250(22) ml; P < 0·001). Number of nodes retrieved and R0 rate were similar in the two groups. There was no difference between the open and laparoscopic groups in delayed gastric emptying (7 of 32 versus 5 of 32), pancreatic fistula (6 of 32 versus 5 of 32) or postpancreatectomy haemorrhage (4 of 32 versus 3 of 32). Overall complications (defined according to the Clavien-Dindo classification) were similar (10 of 32 versus 8 of 32). There was one death in each group. CONCLUSION Laparoscopy offered a shorter hospital stay than open pancreatoduodenectomy in this randomized trial. Registration number: NCT02081131( http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Palanivelu
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, GEM Hospital and Research Centre, 45/A, Pankaja Mill Road, Ramanathapuram Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu - 641045, India
| | - P Senthilnathan
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, GEM Hospital and Research Centre, 45/A, Pankaja Mill Road, Ramanathapuram Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu - 641045, India
| | - S C Sabnis
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, GEM Hospital and Research Centre, 45/A, Pankaja Mill Road, Ramanathapuram Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu - 641045, India
| | - N S Babu
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, GEM Hospital and Research Centre, 45/A, Pankaja Mill Road, Ramanathapuram Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu - 641045, India
| | - S Srivatsan Gurumurthy
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, GEM Hospital and Research Centre, 45/A, Pankaja Mill Road, Ramanathapuram Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu - 641045, India
| | - N Anand Vijai
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, GEM Hospital and Research Centre, 45/A, Pankaja Mill Road, Ramanathapuram Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu - 641045, India
| | - V P Nalankilli
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, GEM Hospital and Research Centre, 45/A, Pankaja Mill Road, Ramanathapuram Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu - 641045, India
| | - P Praveen Raj
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, GEM Hospital and Research Centre, 45/A, Pankaja Mill Road, Ramanathapuram Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu - 641045, India
| | - R Parthasarathy
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, GEM Hospital and Research Centre, 45/A, Pankaja Mill Road, Ramanathapuram Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu - 641045, India
| | - S Rajapandian
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, GEM Hospital and Research Centre, 45/A, Pankaja Mill Road, Ramanathapuram Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu - 641045, India
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14
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Abstract
BACKGROUND India is diverse in culture, with multiple aspects that may not match with the Western societal picture. Hence, it has often been seen that therapists encounter unique aspects of therapy that is faced during actual practice, which is never written in any textbook or research papers. Substantial information is present through both outcome (efficacy and effectiveness) studies and process research, but it has very little impact of actual Marital and Family Therapy (MFT) practice. This paper throws light into "how" and "what" of family therapy with parents of children/adolescents having psychiatric disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS Focused group discussion was conducted with practicing family therapists and mental health professionals working in Psychiatric Tertiary Hospital (National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India). Qualitative analysis was done to disseminate process issues in therapy. RESULTS Aspects that are vital for families having children and adolescent with psychiatric disorders include: Academic decline and loss of parental control as main reasons for seeking help, integration of models is noted to be beneficial, therapeutic alliance, intake sessions, conjoint sessions and individual sessions are important, cultural issues like gender of therapist, their cultural belief model, therapist's cultural competence need to be taken into consideration. CONCLUSIONS Challenges and way-outs to overcome these has been mentioned and implications discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Roy
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - A Thirumoorthy
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - R Parthasarathy
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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15
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Kumar S, Parthasarathy R, Singh AP, Wickman B, Thirumal M, Ganguli AK. Dominant {100} facet selectivity for enhanced photocatalytic activity of NaNbO3 in NaNbO3/CdS core/shell heterostructures. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy02098d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Facet-selective synthesis of NaNbO3 crystals in cubic and orthorhombic phases and enhanced photocatalytic activity depending on the surface energy of the facets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110016
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - R. Parthasarathy
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110016
- India
| | - Aadesh P. Singh
- Department of Physics
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110016
- India
- Division of Chemical Physics
| | - Björn Wickman
- Division of Chemical Physics
- Department of Physics
- Chalmers University of Technology
- SE-412 96 Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | | | - Ashok K. Ganguli
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110016
- India
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- R Parthasarathy
- Department of Nephrology, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Abraham
- Department of Nephrology, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Mathew
- Department of Nephrology, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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17
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Sathiyabama M, Parthasarathy R. Biological preparation of chitosan nanoparticles and its in vitro antifungal efficacy against some phytopathogenic fungi. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 151:321-325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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18
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Abstract
The treatment of depression has evolved over the past several years since the evolution of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) to the serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). However, some patients are resistant to various medications, and various adjunctive medications have been added to the original medication, to promote a therapeutic response. This case report describes a woman, with a long history of treatment-resistant depression, who was treated with a combination of an SSRI and ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vadnal
- a Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, Mental Health and Behavioral Science Service, VA Medical Center (116), 800 Zorn Avenue, Louisville , KY 40206 , USA
| | - L Parthasarathy
- a Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, Mental Health and Behavioral Science Service, VA Medical Center (116), 800 Zorn Avenue, Louisville , KY 40206 , USA
| | - R Parthasarathy
- a Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, Mental Health and Behavioral Science Service, VA Medical Center (116), 800 Zorn Avenue, Louisville , KY 40206 , USA
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19
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20
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Gupta V, Goel G, Parthasarathy R, Gupta A, Anand S, Sapra H, Jha A. E-025 continuous intra arterial dilatation with combination of nimodipine and milrinone in severe and refractory vasospasm. J Neurointerv Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2015-011917.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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21
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Gupta V, Goel G, Parthasarathy R, Gupta A, Singh K, Singhal V, Jha A. E-024 acute cerebral hemorrhage with arteriovenous malformation (avm): role of angiographic – ct (dyna cta). J Neurointerv Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2015-011917.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Prasad NRV, Karthigeyan M, Vikram K, Parthasarathy R, Reddy KS. Palliative radiotherapy in esophageal cancer. Indian J Surg 2015; 77:34-8. [PMID: 25829709 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-013-0817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of radiotherapy in palliation of dysphagia in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of esophagus and to see the quality of life (QoL) following radiotherapy. This was a prospective clinical study done between September 2006 and May 2008. All consecutive patients with SCC of the esophagus, who are not candidates for definitive treatment, were included in the study. Dysphagia and QoL were assessed using modified Takita's grading and modified questionnaire based on EORTC QLQ 30 respectively. External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) was delivered to all patients using linear accelerator 6 Mv photons. Patients who had good response with EBRT were further subjected to intraluminal brachytherapy (ILBT) at 700 cGy using Iridium-192. The cumulative dose each patient received was 65 Gy. Patients were followed up at 6 weeks from completion of treatment to look for any difference in dysphagia grade and QoL following therapy. Thirty-three patients were included in the study. The mean age among males and females was 60.9 and 49.8 years, respectively. Nineteen patients (57.6 %) received EBRT followed by ILBT; the remaining patients received only EBRT. Seven were lost during follow-up, and seven (21.2 %) died during the study period of 6 weeks. Nineteen (57.6 %) were followed up. On follow-up endoscopy, evidence of residual stricture was observed in 57.9 %, and growth in 36.8 %. Of the patients, 27.8 % had biopsy-confirmed residual disease. The median dysphagia score decreased from 4 to 3 after treatment (p = 0.002) in 17 (89.5 %) patients. The mean QoL score improved from 107.5 to 114.1 at 6-week follow-up. Following radiotherapy, 26.3 % had persistent chest pain, increased cough with expectoration in 15.8 %, and hyperpigmentation of skin in 10.5 %. Radiotherapy gives significant relief of dysphagia and improves QoL in 90 % of patients with SCC of esophagus. However, following radiotherapy, a number of patients will have persistent stricture, ulceration, and residual disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Vishnu Prasad
- Department of Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, 605006 India
| | - M Karthigeyan
- Department of Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, 605006 India
| | - Kate Vikram
- Department of Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, 605006 India
| | - R Parthasarathy
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, 605006 India
| | - K S Reddy
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, 605006 India
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23
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Baker RP, Taormina MJ, Jemielita M, Parthasarathy R. A combined light sheet fluorescence and differential interference contrast microscope for live imaging of multicellular specimens. J Microsc 2015; 258:105-12. [PMID: 25611324 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We describe a microscope capable of both light sheet fluorescence microscopy and differential interference contrast microscopy (DICM). The two imaging modes, which to the best of our knowledge have not previously been combined, are complementary: light sheet fluorescence microscopy provides three-dimensional imaging of fluorescently labelled components of multicellular systems with high speed, large fields of view, and low phototoxicity, whereas differential interference contrast microscopy reveals the unlabelled neighbourhood of tissues, organs, and other structures with high contrast and inherent optical sectioning. Use of a single Nomarski prism for differential interference contrast microscopy and a shared detection path for both imaging modes enables simple integration of the two techniques in one custom microscope. We provide several examples of the utility of the resulting instrument, focusing especially on the digestive tract of the larval zebrafish, revealing in this complex and heterogeneous environment anatomical features, the behaviour of commensal microbes, immune cell motions, and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Baker
- Department of Physics, Materials Science Institute and Institute of Molecular Biology, The University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1274, U.S.A
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Abstract
The 2-fold objectives of this study were 1) to understand whether model hydrophobic- and hydrophilic-rich phase mimics of dentin adhesive polymerize similarly and 2) to determine which factor, the dimethacrylate component, bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (BisGMA) or photoinitiator concentration, has greater influence on the polymerization of the hydrophilic-rich phase mimic. Current dentin adhesives are sensitive to moisture, as evidenced by nanoleakage in the hybrid layer and phase separation into hydrophobic- and hydrophilic-rich phases. Phase separation leads to limited availability of the cross-linkable dimethacrylate monomer and hydrophobic photoinitiators within the hydrophilic-rich phase. Model hydrophobic-rich phase was prepared as a single-phase solution by adding maximum wt% deuterium oxide (D2O) to HEMA/BisGMA neat resins containing 45 wt% 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Mimics of the hydrophilic-rich phase were prepared similarly but using HEMA/BisGMA neat resins containing 95, 99, 99.5, and 100 wt% HEMA. The hydrophilic-rich mimics were prepared with standard or reduced photoinitiator content. The photoinitiator systems were camphorquinone (CQ)/ethyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (EDMAB) with or without [3-(3, 4-dimethyl-9-oxo-9H-thioxanthen-2-yloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl]trimethylammonium chloride (QTX). The polymerization kinetics was monitored using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer with a time-resolved collection mode. The hydrophobic-rich phase exhibited a significantly higher polymerization rate compared with the hydrophilic-rich phase. Postpolymerization resulting in the secondary rate maxima was observed for the hydrophilic-rich mimic. The hydrophilic-rich mimics with standard photoinitiator concentration but varying cross-linker (BisGMA) content showed postpolymerization and a substantial degree of conversion. In contrast, the corresponding formulations with reduced photoinitiator concentrations exhibited lower polymerization and inhibition/delay of postpolymerization within 2 h. Under conditions relevant to the wet, oral environment, photoinitiator content plays an important role in the polymerization of the hydrophilic-rich phase mimic. Since the hydrophilic-rich phase is primarily water and monomethacrylate monomer (e.g., HEMA as determined previously), substantial polymerization is important to limit the potential toxic response from HEMA leaching into the surrounding tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Abedin
- Bioengineering Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Q Ye
- Bioengineering Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - R Parthasarathy
- Bioengineering Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - A Misra
- Bioengineering Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - P Spencer
- Bioengineering Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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25
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Venkata Krishnan R, Jogeswararao G, Parthasarathy R, Premalatha S, Prabhakar Rao J, Gunasekaran G, Ananthasivan K. Development of a semi-adiabatic isoperibol solution calorimeter. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:124904. [PMID: 25554316 DOI: 10.1063/1.4903908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A semi-adiabatic isoperibol solution calorimeter has been indigenously developed. The measurement system comprises modules for sensitive temperature measurement probe, signal processing, data collection, and joule calibration. The sensitivity of the temperature measurement module was enhanced by using a sensitive thermistor coupled with a lock-in amplifier based signal processor. A microcontroller coordinates the operation and control of these modules. The latter in turn is controlled through personal computer (PC) based custom made software developed with LabView. An innovative summing amplifier concept was used to cancel out the base resistance of the thermistor. The latter was placed in the dewar. The temperature calibration was carried out with a standard platinum resistance (PT100) sensor coupled with an 8½ digit multimeter. The water equivalent of this calorimeter was determined by using electrical calibration with the joule calibrator. The experimentally measured values of the quantum of heat were validated by measuring heats of dissolution of pure KCl (for endotherm) and tris (hydroxyl methyl) amino-methane (for exotherm). The uncertainity in the measurements was found to be within ±3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Venkata Krishnan
- Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu, India
| | - G Jogeswararao
- Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R Parthasarathy
- Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Premalatha
- Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu, India
| | - J Prabhakar Rao
- Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu, India
| | - G Gunasekaran
- Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K Ananthasivan
- Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu, India
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Parthasarathy R, Menon V. Prevalence of depression and anxiety in irritable bowel syndrome: A clinic based study from India - Comments on the article. Indian J Psychiatry 2014; 56:409-10. [PMID: 25568493 PMCID: PMC4279310 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5545.146521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Parthasarathy
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India. E-mail:
| | - Vikas Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India. E-mail:
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Fernandes J, Ribeiro S, Garrido P, Sereno J, Costa E, Reis F, Santos-Silva A, Hirata M, Tashiro Y, Aizawa K, Endo K, Fujimori A, Morikami Y, Okada S, Kumei M, Mizobuchi N, Sakai M, Claes K, Di Giulio S, Galle J, Guerin A, Kiss I, Suranyi M, Winearls C, Wirnsberger G, Farouk M, Manamley N, Addison J, Herlitz H, Visciano B, Nazzaro P, Riccio E, Del Rio A, Mozzillo GR, Pisani A, Gupta A, Ikizler TA, Lin V, Guss C, Pratt RD, Stewart VM, Anthoney A, Blenkin S, Ahmed S, Yasumoto M, Tsuda A, Ishimura E, Ohno Y, Ichii M, Nakatani S, Mori K, Fukumoto S, Uchida J, Emoto M, Nakatani T, Inaba M, Joki N, Tanaka Y, Kubo S, Asakawa T, Hase H, Ikeda M, Inaguma D, Sakaguchi T, Shinoda T, Koiwa F, Negi S, Yamaka T, Shigematsu T, Inaguma D, Suranyi MG, Claes K, Di Giulio S, Galle J, Kiss I, Winearls C, Wirnsberger G, Farouk M, Manamley N, Addison J, Herlitz H, Guerin A, Groenendaal-Van De Meent D, Den Adel M, Rijnders S, Essers H, Golor G, Haffner S, Schaddelee M, Hirata M, Tashiro Y, Yogo K, Aizawa K, Endo K, Choukroun G, Hannedouche T, Kessler M, Laville M, Levannier M, Mignon F, Rostaing L, Rottembourg J, Jeon J, Park Y, Karanth S, Prabhu R, Bairy M, Nagaraju SP, Bhat A, Kosuru S, Parthasarathy R, Kamath S, Prasad HK, Kallurwar KP, Nishida H, Iimori S, Okado T, Rai T, Uchida S, Sasaki S, Wan Q, Cana Ruiu DC, Ashcroft R, Brown C, Williams J, Mikhail A. CKD ANAEMIA. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Vanikar AV, Trivedi HL, Dave SD, Kute VB, Rawal MN, Patel HV, Gumber MR, Afghahi H, Pirouzifard M, Svensson AM, Eliasson B, Svensson MK, Dumann K, Horrmann B, Lammert A, Rheinberger M, Gorski M, Kramer BK, Heid IM, Boger CA, Demirtas L, Akbas EM, Timuroglu A, Ozcicek F, Turkmen K, Fernandez-Fernandez B, Sanchez-Nino MD, Martin-Cleary C, Izquierdo MC, Elewa U, Ortiz A, Petrica L, Vlad A, Gluhovschi G, Gadalean F, Dumitrascu V, Gluhovschi C, Velciov S, Bob F, Vlad D, Popescu R, Petrica M, Jianu DC, Milas O, Izvernari O, Ursoniu S, Makino Y, Konoshita T, Nyumura I, Babazono T, Yoshida N, Uchigata Y, Handisurya A, Kerscher C, Tura A, Werzowa J, Heinzl H, Ristl R, Kautzky-Willer A, Pacini G, Saemann M, Schmidt A, Halbesma N, Metcalfe W, Bulum T, Prka in I, Blaslov K, Zibar K, Duvnjak L, Idorn T, Knop FK, Jorgensen MB, Christensen M, Holst JJ, Hornum M, Feldt-Rasmussen B, Naess H, Hartmann A, Jenssen TG, Holdaas H, Horneland R, Grzyb K, Bitter J, Midtvedt K, Yoshida N, Babazono T, Uchigata Y, Timar R, Gluhovschi G, Gadalean F, Velciov S, Petrica L, Timar B, Gluhovschi C, Soro-Paavonen A, Fleming T, Forsblom C, Gordin D, Tolonen N, Harjutsalo V, Nawroth PP, Groop PH, Tsuda A, Ishimura E, Uedono H, Yasumoto M, Nakatani S, Ichii M, Ohno Y, Ochi A, Mori K, Fukumoto S, Emoto M, Inaba M, Rheinberger M, Hormann B, Lammert A, Dumann K, Gorski M, Heid IM, Kramer BK, Boger CA, Siddaramaiah NH, Tez DK, Linker NJ, Bilous M, Winship S, Marshall SM, Bilous RW, Lampropoulou IT, Papagianni A, Stangou M, Didangelos T, Iliadis F, Efstratiadis G, Esposito P, Debarbieri G, Mereu R, Ditoro A, Montagna F, Groop PH, Bernardi L, Dal Canton A, Garland JS, Holden R, Morton R, Ross R, Adams M, Pruss C, Akbas EM, Demirtas L, Timuroglu A, Ozcicek F, Turkmen K, Bulum T, Prka in I, Blaslov K, Zibar K, Duvnjak L, Theodoridis M, Panagoutsos S, Bounta T, Roumeliotis S, Kantartzi K, Pouloutidis G, Passadakis P, Polaina Rusillo M, Borrego Utiel FJ, Ortega Anguiano S, Liebana Canada A, Gaber EW, Abdel Rehim WM, Ibrahim NA, Mahmoud BF, Silva AP, Fragoso A, Tavares N, Silva C, Santos N, Camacho A, Neves P, Rodriguez R, Porrini E, Gonzalez-Rinne A, De Vries A, Torres A, Salido E, Kato S, Makino H, Uzu T, Koya D, Nishiyama A, Imai E, Ando M, Jorgensen MB, Knop FK, Idorn T, Holst JJ, Hornum M, Feldt-Rasmussen B, Vaduva C, Popa S, Mitrea A, Mota M, Mota E, Theodoridis M, Panagoutsos S, Roumeliotis S, Bounta T, Kriki P, Roumeliotis A, Passadakis P, Ogawa T, Okazaki S, Hatano M, Hara H, Inamura M, Kiba T, Iwashita T, Shimizu T, Tayama Y, Kanozawa K, Kato H, Matsuda A, Hasegawa H, Elewa U, Fernandez B, Egido J, Ortiz A, Rottembourg J, Guerin A, Diaconita M, Dansaert A, Chakraborty J, Prabhu R, Nagaraju SP, Bairy M, Satyamoorthy K, Kosuru S, Parthasarathy R, Tomilina N, Zhilinskaya T, Stolyarevich E, Silva AP, Fragoso A, Guilherme P, Silva C, Santos N, Rato F, Camacho A, Neves P, Pasko N, Strakosha A, Toti F, Dedej T, Marku N, Petrela E, Zekollari E, Kacorri V, Thereska N, Roumeliotis SK, Roumeliotis AK, Theodoridis M, Tavridou A, Panagoutsos S, Passadakis P, Vargemezis V, Kim IY, Lee SB, Lee DW, Kim MJ, Shin MJ, Rhee H, Yang BY, Song SH, Seong EY, Kwak IS, Celebi K, Sengul E, Cekmen MB, Yilmaz A, Sonikian M, Dona A, Skarakis J, Miha T, Trompouki S, Karaitianou A, Spiliopoulou C, Dimas GG, Iliadis FS, Tegos TJ, Spiroglou SG, Kanellos IE, Fotiadis SD, Didaggelos TP, Savopoulos CG, Hatzitolios AI, Grekas DM, Hsu YH, Huang MC, Chang HY, Shin SJ, Wahlqvist ML, Chang YL, Hsu KC, Hsu CC, Miarka P, Grabowska-Polanowska B, Faber J, Skowron M, Pietrzycka A, Walus-Miarka M, Sliwka I, Sulowicz W. DIABETES CLINICAL. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Proletov I, Sipovskii V, Smirnov A, Hayashi N, Akiyama S, Okuyama H, Matsui Y, Fujimoto K, Atsumi H, Adachi H, Yamaya H, Maruyama S, Imai E, Matsuo S, Yokoyama H, Prasad N, Jaiswal A, Agarwal V, Yadav B, Rai M, Shin DH, Han IM, Moon SJ, Yoo TH, Faria B, Henriques C, Matos AC, Daha MR, Pestana M, Seelen M, Lundberg S, Carlsson MC, Leffler H, Pahlsson P, Segelmark M, Camilla R, Donadio ME, Loiacono E, Peruzzi L, Amore A, Chiale F, Vergano L, Gallo R, Boido A, Conrieri M, Bianciotto M, Bosetti FM, Mengozzi G, Puccinelli MP, Guidi C, Lastauka I, Coppo R, Nishiwaki H, Hasegawa T, Nagayama Y, Komukai D, Kaneshima N, Sasai F, Yoshimura A, Wang CL, Wei XY, Lv L, Jia NY, Vagane AM, Knoop T, Vikse BE, Reisaeter AV, Bjorneklett R, Mezzina N, Brunini F, Trezzi B, Gallieni M, D'Amico M, Stellato T, Santoro D, Ghiggeri GM, Radice A, Sinico RA, Kronbichler A, Kerschbaum J, Mayer G, Rudnicki M, Elena GS, Paula Jara CE, Jorge Enrique RR, Manuel P, Paek J, Hwang E, Park S, Caliskan Y, Aksoy A, Oztop N, Ozluk Y, Artan AS, Yazici H, Kilicaslan I, Sever MS, Yildiz A, Ihara K, Iimori S, Okado T, Rai T, Uchida S, Sasaki S, Stangou M, Bantis C, Skoularopoulou M, Toulkeridis G, Labropoulou I, Kasimatis S, Kouri NM, Papagianni A, Efstratiadis G, Mircescu G, Stancu S, Zugravu A, Petrescu L, Andreiana I, Taran L, Suzuki T, Iyoda M, Yamaguchi Y, Watanabe M, Wada Y, Matsumoto K, Shindo-Hirai Y, Kuno Y, Yamamoto Y, Saito T, Iseri K, Shibata T, Gniewek K, Krajewska M, Jakuszko K, Koscielska-Kasprzak K, Klinger M, Nunes AT, Ferreira I, Neto R, Mariz E, Pereira E, Frazao J, Praca A, Sampaio S, Pestana M, Kim HJ, Lee JE, Proletov I, Galkina O, Bogdanova E, Zubina I, Sipovskii V, Smirnov A, Oliveira CBL, Oliveira ASA, Carvalho CJB, Sette LHBC, Fernandes GV, Cavalcante MA, Valente LM, Ismail G, Andronesi A, Jurubita R, Bobeica R, Finocchietti D, Cantaluppi V, Medica D, Daidola G, Colla L, Besso L, Burdese M, Segoloni GP, Biancone L, Camussi G, Goto S, Nakai K, Ito J, Fujii H, Tasaki K, Suzuki T, Fukami K, Hara S, Nishi S, Hayami N, Ubara Y, Hoshino J, Takaichi K, Suwabe T, Sumida K, Mise K, Wang CL, Tian YQ, Wang H, Saganova E, Proletov I, Galkina O, Bogdanova E, Zubina I, Sipovskii V, Smirnov A, Stancu S, Mandache E, Zugravu A, Petrescu L, Avram A, Mircescu G, Angelini C, Reggiani F, Podesta MA, Cucchiari D, Malesci A, Badalamenti S, Laganovi M, Ars E, ivko M, eljkovic Vrki T, Cori M, Karanovi S, Torra R, Jelakovi B, Jia NY, Wang CL, Zhang YH, Nan L, Nagasawa Y, Yamamoto R, Shinzawa M, Hamahata S, Kida A, Yahiro M, Kuragano T, Shoji T, Hayashi T, Nagatoya K, Yamauchi A, Isaka Y, Nakanishi T, Ivkovic V, Premuzic V, Laganovic M, Dika Z, Kos J, Zeljkovic Vrkic T, Fistrek Prlic M, Zivko M, Jelakovic B, Gigliotti P, Leone F, Lofaro D, Papalia T, Mollica F, Mollica A, Vizza D, Perri A, Bonofilgio R, Meneses G, Viana H, Santos MC, Ferreira C, Calado J, Carvalho F, Remedio F, Nolasco F, Caliskan Y, Oztop N, Aksoy A, Ozluk Y, Artan AS, Turkmen A, Kilicaslan I, Yildiz A, Sever MS, Nagaraju SP, Kosuru S, Parthasarathy R, Bairy M, Prabhu RA, Guddattu V, Koulmane Laxminarayana SL, Oruc A, Gullulu M, Acikgoz E, Aktas N, Yildiz A, Gul B, Premuzic V, Laganovic M, Ivkovic V, Coric M, Zeljkovic Vrkic T, Fodor L, Dika Z, Kos J, Fistrek Prlic M, Zivko M, Jelakovic B, Bale CB, Dighe TA, Kate P, Karnik S, Sajgure A, Sharma A, Korpe J, Jeloka T, Ambekar N, Sadre A, Buch A, Mulay A, Merida E, Huerta A, Gutierrez E, Hernandez E, Sevillano A, Caro J, Cavero T, Morales E, Moreno JA, Praga M. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY GLOMERULONEPHRITIDES 1. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Thomas B, Parthasarathy R, Bhugra D. Integración de habilidades para la crianza de adolescentes: Intervención para el reforzamiento de la relación padres-adolescentes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.20453/rnp.v76i4.1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Las destrezas o habilidades parentales son un aspecto importante del desarrollo infantil. El adiestramiento de los padres en la adquisición y cultivo de estas destrezas es un proceso reciente orientado a su capacitación apropiada en el manejo del niño dentro de su cultura y su comunidad utilizando principios didácticos específicos para tal cultura. En la India han comenzado a emerger una serie de presentaciones sistemáticas de modelos basados en evidencias en el desarrollo de habilidades parentales. El presente artículo describe uno de estos programas (Habilidades Integrales para padres de adolescents, ISPA, sigla en ingles) orientado al reforzamiento del vínculo padre-adolescente y a la descripción de sus componentes. Luego de una evaluación inicial de las necesidades de los padres de niños adolescents, 13 padres siguieron sistemáticamente el programa de once sesiones, cada una de ellas enfocando temas diferentes.Los resultados antes y después de la intervención muestran cambios estadísticamente significativos en las actitudes de los padres respecto a una relación positiva con sus hijos adolescentes. Se describen los “pros y contras” de tales enfoques.
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Misra A, Parthasarathy R, Ye Q, Singh V, Spencer P. Swelling equilibrium of dentin adhesive polymers formed on the water-adhesive phase boundary: experiments and micromechanical model. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:330-42. [PMID: 24076070 PMCID: PMC3843361 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
During their application to the wet, oral environment, dentin adhesives can experience phase separation and composition change, which can compromise the quality of the hybrid layer formed at the dentin-adhesive interface. The chemical composition of polymer phases formed in the hybrid layer can be represented using a ternary water-adhesive phase diagram. In this paper, these polymer phases are characterized using a suite of mechanical tests and swelling experiments. The experimental results were evaluated using a granular micromechanics-based model incorporating poro-mechanical effects and polymer-solvent thermodynamics. The variation in the model parameters and model-predicted polymer properties was studied as a function of composition along the phase boundary. The resulting structure-property correlations provide insight into interactions occurring at the molecular level in the saturated polymer system. These correlations can be used for modeling the mechanical behavior of the hybrid layer, and are expected to aid in the design and improvement of water-compatible dentin adhesive polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Misra
- Bioengineering Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering Department, Learned Hall, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
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Parthasarathy R. OA01.05. Effectiveness of simple and logical treatment in complete disc prolapse. Anc Sci Life 2013. [PMCID: PMC4147521 DOI: 10.4103/0257-7941.123817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To explain the effectiveness of 21 days inpatient treatment on a 46 year old male patient with complete disc proplapse who was suggested an emergency discectomy in a leading hospital. Method: To explain the case history with complete details of medicines used and treatments given with the responses observed before, during & after treatment with substantiating 3 MRI digital films & reports that were taken before, immediately after treatment and 3 months later. Also to have a small video of the patient sharing his experience. Treatments given were Abyangam, Elakkizhi, Navarakizhi, Matravasthi, Vaitarana vasthi, Madhu thailika vasthi & Pichu with 8 internal medications during the treatment course. Result: The patient who was unable to stand, sit & walk properly with the threat to lose his bladder & bowel control without discectomy had a dramatic recovery during discharge and 100 percent recovery in 3 months with ayurveda treatments alone, with out any supportive allopathic care. Conclusion: Though it is a well known fact that Ayuvreda work wonders with such conditions, this is an attempt to explain that these are not only because of specialized & sophisticated treatments but a simple and logical treatment can also be miraculous and also to emphasize that documentations like MRI reports before and after treatments helps is proper evaluation of the treatment results in addition to patients feedback.
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Parthasarathy R, Berkey FT. Auroral zone studies of sudden-onset radio-wave absorption events using multiple-station and multiple-frequency data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jz070i001p00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Parthasarathy R, Lerfald GM, Little CG. Derivation of electron-density profiles in the lower ionosphere using radio absorption measurements at multiple frequencies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jz068i012p03581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Parthasarathy R, Hessler VP. Periodic covariation of radiowave absorption, Earth currents, and other associated phenomena in the auroral zone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jz069i013p02867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Banu Rekha VV, Rajaram K, Kripasankar AS, Parthasarathy R, Umapathy KC, Sheikh I, Selvakumar N, Victor M, Niruparani C, Sridhar R, Jawahar MS. Efficacy of the 6-month thrice-weekly regimen in the treatment of new sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis under clinical trial conditions. Natl Med J India 2012; 25:196-200. [PMID: 23278775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme of India, patients with new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis are treated with a thrice-weekly regimen of antitubercular drugs (2H(3)R(3)Z(3)E(3)/4H(3)R(3) [H isoniazid, R rifampicin, Z pyrazinamide and E ethambutol]) for 6 months. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the efficacy andtolerability of this regimen under clinical trial conditions in HIV-negative patients with newly diagnosed smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. METHODS We retrospectively analysed the data on patients assigned to the control regimen (2H (3)R(3)Z(3)E(3)/4H(3)R(3)) in two clinical trials during 2001-06 at the National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India. RESULTS Of the 268 patients treated with this regimen, data for efficacy analysis were available for 249. At the end of treatment, of 249 patients, 238 (96%) had a favourable status. Treatment failure occurred in the remaining 11: 7 in whom the organisms were initially drug-susceptible and 4 with initial drug resistance. Of the 238 patients who had a favourable status at the end of treatment, 14 (6%) had recurrence of tuberculosis during the following 24 months. In the intention-to-treat analysis, 245 (94%) of 262 patients had a favourable status at the end of treatment. Of the 28 patients with initial drug resistance, 24 (86%) had a favourable outcome. Only 4 of these 24 patients were found to have recurrence of tuberculosis in 2 years of follow-up. Among the 221 patients initially infected with drug-susceptible organisms, drug resistance did not develop in any of the 7 patients in whom the treatment failed or the 10 who had recurrence of tuberculosis. Further, 5 of the 7 patients in whom the treatment failed continued to excrete drug-susceptible bacilli at 6 months. Adverse drug reactions were observed in 38 (14%) of the 262 patients. Only 3 (1.1%) needed a modification in the treatment. CONCLUSION This thrice-weekly 6-month regimen of antitubercular drugs, when administered under full supervision, is associated with a high rate of favourable treatment outcomes in HIV-negative patients with newly diagnosed sputum smearpositive pulmonary tuberculosis. There are few adverse drug reactions in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Banu Rekha
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, No.1, Mayor Sathyamoorthy Road, Chetpet, Chennai 600031, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ye Q, Park J, Laurence JS, Parthasarathy R, Misra A, Spencer P. Ternary phase diagram of model dentin adhesive exposed to over-wet environments. J Dent Res 2011; 90:1434-8. [PMID: 21960682 DOI: 10.1177/0022034511423398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
When adhesives and/or composites are bonded to the tooth, water in the environment can interfere with proper interface formation. Formation of water blisters and phase separation at the adhesive/dentin interface have appeared as new types of bond defects. To better understand this problem, we determined the near-equilibrium partition of the hydrophobic/hydrophilic components when exposed to over-wet environments. Model methacrylate-based adhesives were mixed with different amounts of water to yield well-separated aqueous and resin phases. It was found that less than 0.1% BisGMA but nearly one-third of the HEMA diffused into the aqueous phase, leaving the remaining resin phase relatively hydrophobic. A partial phase diagram was created for the ternary BisGMA/HEMA/water system. All the experimental phase partitioning data were plotted, and the points lay on a binodal curve that separated the single-phase region from the two-phase region. We obtained the 3 tie lines by connecting the 2 points of each conjugate pair of the phase partitioning data from the 3 sets of tripartite mixtures. Information about solubility, water miscibility, distribution ratio, and phase partitioning behavior could be obtained quantitatively. This type of phase diagram will provide a more thorough understanding of current adhesive performance and elucidate directions for further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Ye
- Bioengineering Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA.
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Parthasarathy R, Palli SR. Molecular analysis of nutritional and hormonal regulation of female reproduction in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 41:294-305. [PMID: 21288489 PMCID: PMC3066291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Female reproduction includes maturation of oocytes and the synthesis of yolk proteins (vitellogenin, Vg) in the fat body and their deposition into the oocytes. Our recent studies showed that juvenile hormone (JH) regulates Vg synthesis and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) regulates oocyte maturation in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum). Here, we report on the role of nutritional signaling on vitellogenesis and oogenesis. Comparison of gene expression between fed and starved beetles by microarray analysis showed the up-regulation of genes involved in energy homeostasis and down-regulation of genes involved in egg production in the starved beetles. The RNA interference (RNAi) aided knock-down in the expression of genes involved in insulin and TOR signaling pathways showed that both these signaling pathways play key roles in Vg synthesis and oocyte maturation. Starvation of female beetles resulted in a block in Vg synthesis but not in the progression of primary oocyte development to the resting stage. Feeding after starvation induced Vg synthesis and the progression of primary oocytes from the resting stage to the mature stage. However, in the beetles where JH or 20E synthesis or action was blocked by RNAi, both Vg synthesis and oocyte maturation were affected suggesting that both these hormones (JH and 20E) and nutritional signaling and their cross-talk regulate vitellogenesis and oogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subba R. Palli
- Corresponding Author: Phone: 859 257 4962, Fax: 859 323 1120,
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Parthasarathy R, Sheng Z, Sun Z, Palli SR. Ecdysteroid regulation of ovarian growth and oocyte maturation in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 40:429-39. [PMID: 20385235 PMCID: PMC2916939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies from our laboratory showed the involvement of juvenile hormone (JH) and ecdysteroid signaling in the regulation of female reproduction in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. JH regulates vitellogenin (Vg) synthesis in the fat body but the role of ecdysteroid signaling is not known. Here, we report on ecdysteroid regulation of ovarian growth and oocyte maturation. Microarray analysis of RNA isolated from ovaries showed the up-regulation of several genes coding for proteins involved in ecdysteroid signaling on the 4th day after female adult eclosion. The functional analyses of genes coding for proteins involved in ecdysteroid and JH signaling pathways by RNA interference (RNAi) revealed that ecdysteroids but not JH regulate ovarian growth and primary oocyte maturation. Ultrastructural studies showed the temporal sequences of key events in oogenesis including the development of primary oocytes, the differentiation and development of follicle epithelial cells, and the formation of intercellular spaces to facilitate uptake of Vg protein. RNAi studies showed that ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (USP) are required for the ovarian growth, primary oocyte maturation and the growth and migration of the follicle cells. These studies suggest important roles for ecdysteroids in the regulation of oocyte maturation in the beetle ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Subba R. Palli
- Corresponding Author, Phone: 859 257 4962, Fax: 859 323 1120,
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Zhu F, Parthasarathy R, Bai H, Woithe K, Kaussmann M, Nauen R, Harrison DA, Palli SR. A brain-specific cytochrome P450 responsible for the majority of deltamethrin resistance in the QTC279 strain of Tribolium castaneum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010. [PMID: 20410462 DOI: 10.1073/pnas1000059107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification is one of the most important mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance. However, the molecular basis of this mechanism and the physiological functions of P450s associated with insecticide resistance remain largely unknown. Here, we exploited the functional genomics and reverse genetic approaches to identify and characterize a P450 gene responsible for the majority of deltamethrin resistance observed in the QTC279 strain of Tribolium castaneum. We used recently completed whole-genome sequence of T. castaneum to prepare custom microarrays and identified a P450 gene, CYP6BQ9, which showed more than a 200-fold higher expression in the deltamethrin-resistant QTC279 strain when compared with its expression in the deltamethrin-susceptible Lab-S strain. Functional studies using both double-strand RNA (dsRNA)-mediated knockdown in the expression of CYP6BQ9 and transgenic expression of CYP6BQ9 in Drosophila melanogaster showed that CYP6BQ9 confers deltamethrin resistance. Furthermore, CYP6BQ9 enzyme expressed in baculovirus metabolizes deltamethrin to 4-hydroxy deltamethrin. Strikingly, we also found that unlike many P450 genes involved in insecticide resistance that were reported previously, CYP6BQ9 is predominantly expressed in the brain, a part of the central nervous system (CNS) containing voltage-gated sodium channels targeted by deltamethrin. Taken together, the current studies on the brain-specific insect P450 involved in deltamethrin resistance shed new light on the understanding of the molecular basis and evolution of insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhu
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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Parthasarathy R, Sun Z, Bai H, Palli SR. Juvenile hormone regulation of vitellogenin synthesis in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 40:405-14. [PMID: 20381616 PMCID: PMC2875371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the endocrine regulation of vitellogenin (Vg) synthesis in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, the titers of juvenile hormone (JH) and ecdysteroids in the whole body of female beetles were measured and compared with Vg mRNA levels. Juvenile hormone levels remained high while the ecdysteroid levels declined steadily during 1-5 days post adult emergence (PAE). The Vg mRNA levels began to increase by the end of 3rd day PAE and peaked by the 4th-5th day PAE. Gene expression profiling by microarray and quantitative real-time PCR analyses of RNA isolated from 1 to 5 days PAE beetles revealed that the genes coding for proteins involved in JH biosynthesis and action, but not those involved in 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) biosynthesis and action had similar expression patterns as the genes coding for Vg. RNA interference (RNAi)-aided knock-down in the expression of these genes showed that both JH and 20E were required for Vg gene expression. However, Vg mRNA was induced by the application of JH III but not by the injection of 20E into the previtellogenic females. These data suggest that JH is required for Vg synthesis in the fat body and 20E influences Vg synthesis through its action on oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Subba R. Palli
- Corresponding Author Phone: 859 257 4962, Fax: 859 323 1120,
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Abstract
The article presents the premises for the need to develop a relationship-focused family life education program for young adult employees. The article explores the changing trends in the Indian family unit and their impact on the workforce. The author also presents the findings from interviews with family-intervention experts and their recommendations for the contents of such a program.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of baseline understanding of what young adults' needs and expectations are from marital and family life is the context in which this study has evolved. The author believes that the findings from this study could fee into the contents of a more relevant and useful Family Life Education program for young adults in urban India. AIMS To explore and analyze the needs and expectations of single young adults with respect to marital and family life. MATERIALS AND METHODS A college in Bangalore with students from graduate and post-graduate courses in the age group of 18 to 25 years. A semi-structure interview schedule prepared by the author was administered on 100 students. Qualitative and Quantitative. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The results showed that a large number of the participants had very specific emotional, cognitive and physiological expectations from marital and family life. They also expressed an active need for education on mate selection, sexuality, parenting, interpersonal relationships, intimacy, conflict resolution, among other areas of need. The findings from this study would find great relevance in the preparation of a relevant and practical Family Life Education program for single young adults which in turn would be useful in colleges, workplaces, family counseling centers or any platform where single young adults wish to access such family base services.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Henry
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore-29, India
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Parthasarathy R, Tan A, Sun Z, Chen Z, Rankin M, Palli SR. Juvenile hormone regulation of male accessory gland activity in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Mech Dev 2009; 126:563-79. [PMID: 19324087 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Male accessory gland proteins (Acps) act as key modulators of reproductive success in insects by influencing the female reproductive physiology and behavior. We used custom microarrays and identified 112 genes that were highly expressed in male accessory glands (MAG) in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Out of these 112 identified genes, 59 of them contained sequences coding for signal peptide and cleavage site and the remaining 53 contained transmembrane domains. The expression of 14 of these genes in the MAG but not in other tissues of male or female was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. In virgin males, juvenile hormone (JH) levels increased from second day post adult emergence (PAE), remained high on third day PAE and declined on fourth day PAE. The ecdysteroid titers were high soon after adult emergence but declined to minimal levels from 1 to 5 days PAE. Feeding of juvenile hormone analog, hydroprene, but not the ecdysteroid analog, RH-2485, showed an increase in size of MAGs, as well as an increase in total RNA and protein content of MAG. Hydroprene treatment also increased the expression of Acp genes in the MAG. RNAi-mediated knock-down in the expression of JHAMT gene decreased the size of MAGs and expression of Acps. JH deficiency influenced male reproductive fitness as evidenced by a less vigor in mating behavior, poor sperm transfer, low egg and the progeny production by females mated with the JH deficient males. These data suggest a critical role for JH in the regulation of male reproduction especially through MAG secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Parthasarathy
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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