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Bakrim S, El Hachlafi N, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, El Omari N, Aboulaghras S, Sakran AM, Goh KW, Ming LC, Razi P, Bouyahya A. Recent advances and molecular mechanisms of TGF-β signaling in colorectal cancer, with focus on bioactive compounds targeting. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116886. [PMID: 38945700 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most significant forms of human cancer. It is characterized by its heterogeneity because several molecular factors are involved in contiguity and can link it to others without having a linear correlation. Among the factors influencing tumor transformation in CRC, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plays a key promoter role. This factor is associated with human colorectal tumors with a very high prognosis: it increases the survival, invasion, and metastasis of CRC cells, thus functioning as an oncogene. The inhibition of this factor can constitute a major therapeutic route for CRC treatment. Various chemical drugs including synthetic molecules and biotherapies have been developed as TGF-β inhibitors. Moreover, the scientific community has recently shown a major interest in screening natural drugs inhibiting TGF-β in CRC. In this context, we carried out this review article using computerized databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer Link, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus, to highlight the molecular mechanism of TGF-β in CRC induction and progression and current advances in the pharmacodynamic effects of natural bioactive substances targeting TGF-β in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Bakrim
- Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Molecular Engineering, Biotechnology and Innovation Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco
| | - Naoufal El Hachlafi
- Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules Laboratory, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohmed Ben Abdellah University, P.O.Box-2002, Imouzzer Road, Fez, Morocco
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Health Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Tetouan, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Sara Aboulaghras
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
| | - Ashraf M Sakran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia.
| | - Pakhrur Razi
- Center of Disaster Monitoring and Earth Observation, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia.
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
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Omer HA, Janson C, Amin K. The role of inflammatory and remodelling biomarkers in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Cent Eur J Immunol 2023; 48:330-337. [PMID: 38558564 PMCID: PMC10976650 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2023.133725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Biomarkers play a crucial role in evaluating the prognosis, diagnosis, and monitoring of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study was to compare the levels of inflammatory and remodelling biomarkers among patients with NSCLC and healthy controls (HCs) and to investigate the correlation between these biomarkers. Material and methods Blood samples were taken from 93 NSCLC and 84 HCs. Each sample was analysed for the inflammatory biomarkers transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (SMAD2) and the remodelling biomarkers Wingless-related integration site (Wnt3a) and α-catenin (CTNN-β1). Results The patients with NSCLC had significantly higher levels of all the measured biomarkers. In the NSCLC patients, TGF-β1 correlated significantly with SMAD2 (r = 0.34, p = 0.0008), Wnt3a (r = 0.328, p = 0.0013), and CTNN-β1 levels (r = 0.30, p = 0.004). SMAD2 correlated significantly with CTNN-β1 (r = 0.546, p = 0.0001) and Wnt3a (r = 0.598, p = 0.0001). CTNN-β1 level also correlated with the level of Wnt3a (r = 0.61, p = 0.0001). No correlation was found between biomarkers and symptom scores. Discussion In this study, patients with NSCLC had higher inflammatory and remodelling biomarker levels than HCs. In the NSCLC, there were significant associations between inflammatory and remodelling biomarkers. This indicates that measuring biomarkers could be valuable in the workup of NSCLC patients. Conclusions Our investigation showed that inflammatory and remodelling biomarkers might play a role in future immunologic response and pharmacologically targeted NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemn Abdalla Omer
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Suleimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Science, Respiratory Medicine, and Allergology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kawa Amin
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Suleimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
- Department of Medical Science, Respiratory Medicine, and Allergology, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Giriyappagoudar M, Vastrad B, Horakeri R, Vastrad C. Study on Potential Differentially Expressed Genes in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Bioinformatics and Next-Generation Sequencing Data Analysis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3109. [PMID: 38137330 PMCID: PMC10740779 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease with reduced quality of life and earlier mortality, but its pathogenesis and key genes are still unclear. In this investigation, bioinformatics was used to deeply analyze the pathogenesis of IPF and related key genes, so as to investigate the potential molecular pathogenesis of IPF and provide guidance for clinical treatment. Next-generation sequencing dataset GSE213001 was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between IPF and normal control group. The DEGs between IPF and normal control group were screened with the DESeq2 package of R language. The Gene Ontology (GO) and REACTOME pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed. Using the g:Profiler, the function and pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. Then, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed via the Integrated Interactions Database (IID) database. Cytoscape with Network Analyzer was used to identify the hub genes. miRNet and NetworkAnalyst databaseswereused to construct the targeted microRNAs (miRNAs), transcription factors (TFs), and small drug molecules. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to validate the hub genes. A total of 958 DEGs were screened out in this study, including 479 up regulated genes and 479 down regulated genes. Most of the DEGs were significantly enriched in response to stimulus, GPCR ligand binding, microtubule-based process, and defective GALNT3 causes HFTC. In combination with the results of the PPI network, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network, hub genes including LRRK2, BMI1, EBP, MNDA, KBTBD7, KRT15, OTX1, TEKT4, SPAG8, and EFHC2 were selected. Cyclothiazide and rotigotinethe are predicted small drug molecules for IPF treatment. Our findings will contribute to identification of potential biomarkers and novel strategies for the treatment of IPF, and provide a novel strategy for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muttanagouda Giriyappagoudar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubballi 580022, Karnataka, India;
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. Socitey’s College of Pharmacy, Gadag 582101, Karnataka, India;
| | - Rajeshwari Horakeri
- Department of Computer Science, Govt First Grade College, Hubballi 580032, Karnataka, India;
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, Karnataka, India
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Choudhary D, Kaur A, Singh P, Chaudhary G, Kaur R, Bayan MF, Chandrasekaran B, Marji SM, Ayman R. Target protein degradation by protacs: A budding cancer treatment strategy. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 250:108525. [PMID: 37696366 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death. So, its lethal effect increases with time. Near about hundreds of cancers are known in humans. Cancer treatment is done to cure or prolonged remission, and shrinkage of the tumor. Cytotoxic agents, biological agents/targeted drugs, hormonal drugs, surgery, radiotherapy/proton therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy are currently used in the treatment of cancer but their cost is high and cause various side effects. Seeing this, some new targeted strategies such as PROTACs are the need of the time. Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) has become one of the most discussed topics regarding cancer treatment. Few of the PROTAC molecules are in the trial phases. PROTACs have many advantages over other strategies such as modularity, compatibility, sub-stoichiometric activity, acting on undruggable targets, molecular design, and acts on intracellular targets, selectivity and specificity can be recruited for any cancer, versatility, and others. PROTACs are having some unclear questions on their pharmacokinetics, heavy-molecular weight, etc. PROTACs are anticipated to bring about a conversion in current healthcare and will emerge as booming treatments. In this review article we summarize PROTACs, their mechanism of action, uses, advantages, disadvantages, challenges, and future aspects for the successful development of potent PROTACs as a drug strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Choudhary
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Amritpal Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Pargat Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Gaurav Chaudhary
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Rajwinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India.
| | - Mohammad F Bayan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, P.O. Box 1, Amman 19392, Jordan
| | | | - Saeed M Marji
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, P.O. Box 1, Amman 19392, Jordan
| | - Reema Ayman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, P.O. Box 1, Amman 19392, Jordan
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Deng X, Luo Y, Guan T, Guo X. Identification of the Genetic Influence of SARS-CoV-2 Infections on IgA Nephropathy Based on Bioinformatics Method. Kidney Blood Press Res 2023; 48:367-384. [PMID: 37040729 PMCID: PMC10308545 DOI: 10.1159/000529687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. It was initially detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. Compared to healthy individuals, patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) are at a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the potential mechanisms remain unclear. This study explores the underlying molecular mechanisms and therapeutic agents for the management of IgAN and COVID-19 using the bioinformatics and system biology way. METHODS We first downloaded GSE73953 and GSE164805 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to obtain common differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, we performed the functional enrichment analysis, pathway analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, gene regulatory networks analysis, and potential drug analysis on these common DEGs. RESULTS We acquired 312 common DEGs from the IgAN and COVID-19 datasets and used various bioinformatics tools and statistical analyses to construct the PPI network to extract hub genes. Besides, we performed gene ontology (GO) and pathway analyses to reveal the common correlation between IgAN and COVID-19. Finally, on the basis of common DEGs, we determined the interactions between DEGs-miRNAs, the transcription factor-genes (TFs-genes), protein-drug, and gene-disease networks. CONCLUSION We successfully identified hub genes that may act as biomarkers of COVID-19 and IgAN and also screened out some potential drugs to provide new ideas for COVID-19 and IgAN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tianjun Guan
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaodan Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Ding N, Luo H, Zhang T, Peng T, Yao Y, He Y. Correlation between SMADs and Colorectal Cancer Expression, Prognosis, and Immune Infiltrates. Int J Anal Chem 2023; 2023:8414040. [PMID: 36969909 PMCID: PMC10038740 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8414040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) are increasing, and the 5-year survival rate of advanced metastatic CRC is poor. Small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) superfamily are intracellular signal transduction proteins associated with the development and prognosis of a variety of tumors. At present, no study has systematically analysed the relationship between SMADs and CRC. Methods Here, R3.6.3 was used to analyse the expression of SMADs in pan-cancer and CRC. Protein expression of SMADs were analysed by Human Protein Atlas (HPA). Gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) was used to evaluate the correlation between SMADs and tumor stage in CRC. The effect of R language and GEPIA on prognosis was analysed. Mutation rates of SMADs in CRC were determined by cBioPortal, and potentially related genes were predicted using GeneMANIA. R analysis was used to correlate immune cell infiltration in CRC. Results Both SMAD1 and SMAD2 were found to be weakly expressed in CRC and correlated with the immune invasion level. SMAD1 was correlated with patient prognosis, and SMAD2 was correlated with tumor stage. SMAD3, SMAD4, and SMAD7 were all expressed at low levels in CRC and associated with a variety of immune cells. SMAD3 and SMAD4 proteins were also expressed at low levels, and SMAD4 had the highest mutation rate. SMAD5 and SMAD6 were overexpressed in CRC, and SMAD6 was also associated with patient overall survival (OS) and CD8+ T cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. Conclusions Our results reveal innovative and strong evidence that SMADs can be used as biomarkers for the treatment and prognosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- 1Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Hongbiao Luo
- 1Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- 2Department of Anorectal Surgery, Chenzhou NO. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- 1Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Tianshu Peng
- 3Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China
| | - Yanru Yao
- 1Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Yongheng He
- 4Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410006, China
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Ali S, Rehman MU, Yatoo AM, Arafah A, Khan A, Rashid S, Majid S, Ali A, Ali MN. TGF-β signaling pathway: Therapeutic targeting and potential for anti-cancer immunity. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 947:175678. [PMID: 36990262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is a pleiotropic secretory cytokine exhibiting both cancer-inhibitory and promoting properties. It transmits its signals via Suppressor of Mother against Decapentaplegic (SMAD) and non-SMAD pathways and regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis. In non-cancer and early-stage cancer cells, TGFβ signaling suppresses cancer progression via inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, or anti-proliferation, and promoting cell differentiation. On the other hand, TGFβ may also act as an oncogene in advanced stages of tumors, wherein it develops immune-suppressive tumor microenvironments and induces the proliferation of cancer cells, invasion, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Higher TGFβ expression leads to the instigation and development of cancer. Therefore, suppressing TGFβ signals may present a potential treatment option for inhibiting tumorigenesis and metastasis. Different inhibitory molecules, including ligand traps, anti-sense oligo-nucleotides, small molecule receptor-kinase inhibitors, small molecule inhibitors, and vaccines, have been developed and clinically trialed for blocking the TGFβ signaling pathway. These molecules are not pro-oncogenic response-specific but block all signaling effects induced by TGFβ. Nonetheless, targeting the activation of TGFβ signaling with maximized specificity and minimized toxicity can enhance the efficacy of therapeutic approaches against this signaling pathway. The molecules that are used to target TGFβ are non-cytotoxic to cancer cells but designed to curtail the over-activation of invasion and metastasis driving TGFβ signaling in stromal and cancer cells. Here, we discussed the critical role of TGFβ in tumorigenesis, and metastasis, as well as the outcome and the promising achievement of TGFβ inhibitory molecules in the treatment of cancer.
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Lung microRNAs Expression in Lung Cancer and COPD: A Preliminary Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030736. [PMID: 36979715 PMCID: PMC10045129 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide and represents an impending burden on the healthcare system. Despite increasing attention, the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis in cancer-related diseases such as COPD remain unclear, making novel biomarkers necessary to improve lung cancer early diagnosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA that interfere with several pathways and can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. This study aimed to compare miRNA lung expression between subjects with NSCLC and COPD and healthy controls to obtain the miRNA expression profile by analyzing shared pathways. Lung specimens were collected from a prospective cohort of 21 sex-matched subjects to determine the tissue miRNA expression of hsa-miR-34a-5p, 33a-5p, 149-3p, 197-3p, 199-5p, and 320a-3p by RT-PCR. In addition, an in silico prediction of miRNA target genes linked to cancer was performed. We found a specific trend for has-miR-149-3p, 197-3p, and 34a-5p in NSCLC, suggesting their possible role as an index of the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, we identified novel miRNA targets, such as the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK) family, linked to carcinogenesis by in silico analysis. In conclusion. this study identified lung miRNA signatures related to the tumorigenic microenvironment, suggesting their possible role in improving the evaluation of lung cancer onset.
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Cai J, Liu Y, Li Q, Wen Z, Li Y, Chen X. Ceramide synthase 3 affects invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via the SMAD6 gene. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 47:588-599. [PMID: 35753729 PMCID: PMC10929919 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.210477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have poor prognosis due to lack of early diagnosis and effective treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to better understand the molecular mechanisms associated with HCC and to identify effective targets for early diagnosis and treatment. This study is to explore the expression and biological role of ceramide synthase 3 (CerS3) in HCC. METHODS A total of 159 pairs of HCC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues were obtained from the patients underwent radical resection in Shenzhen People's Hospital, and the total RNA and proteins from HCC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues were obtained. The expression of CerS3 protein and mRNA in HCC was detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and real-time PCR. In vitro experiments, Hep3B cells were divided into a control vector group and a CerS3 vector group, and the cells were transfected with retroviral vector containing control cDNA or CerS3 cDNA, respectively. HCCLM3 cells were divided into a normal control shRNA group and a CerS3 shRNA group, and the cells were transfected with lentiviral vectors containing normal control shRNA or CerS3 shRNA, respectively. MTT, EdU, Transwell and scratch method were used to detect cell proliferation, migration and invasion. RNA sequencing was performed to determine the downstream signal of CerS3. RESULTS Compared with the corresponding adjacent tissues,the mRNA and protein levels of CerS3 were elevated in the HCC tissues, with significant difference (both P<0.05). The Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the overall survival rate was significantly correlated with the presence of venous invasion (95% CI 1.8-9.2, P<0.01), TNM stage (95% CI 2.3-5.2, P<0.05), poor histological grade (95% CI 1.4-6.8, P<0.05), and CerS3 (95% CI 1.5-3.9, P<0.05). Furthermore, the high CerS3 expression levels in tumor tissues were significantly associated with shorter overall survival rates compared with the low CerS3 expression (P<0.05). Compared with the vector control group, the Hep3B cell viability, EdU positive cells, and migration and invasion cell numbers in the CerS3 vector group were significantly increased (all P<0.05). Compared with the shRNA normal control group, the HCCLM3 cell viability, EdU positive cells, and numbers of migrating and invasive cells in the CerS3 shRNA group were significantly lower (all P<0.05). The RNA sequencing confirmed that the small mothers against decapentaplegic family member 6 (SMAD6) gene as an oncogenic gene could promote the HCC metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Clinically, the overexpression of CerS3 is closely related to poor clinical features and poor prognosis. Functionally, CerS3 participates in the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of liver cancer cells via activating SMAD6 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhong Cai
- Department of Intervention, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China.
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Department of Intervention, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Qiyang Li
- Department of Intervention, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Zhenchao Wen
- Department of Intervention, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Intervention, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Xianxian Chen
- Department of Intervention, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
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Baba AB, Rah B, Bhat GR, Mushtaq I, Parveen S, Hassan R, Hameed Zargar M, Afroze D. Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β) Signaling in Cancer-A Betrayal Within. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:791272. [PMID: 35295334 PMCID: PMC8918694 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.791272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A ubiquitously expressed cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plays a significant role in various ongoing cellular mechanisms. The gain or loss-of-function of TGF-β and its downstream mediators could lead to a plethora of diseases includes tumorigenesis. Specifically, at the early onset of malignancy TGF-β act as tumour suppressor and plays a key role in clearing malignant cells by reducing the cellular proliferation and differentiation thus triggers the process of apoptosis. Subsequently, TGF-β at an advanced stage of malignancy promotes tumorigenesis by augmenting cellular transformation, epithelial-mesenchymal-transition invasion, and metastasis. Besides playing the dual roles, depending upon the stage of malignancy, TGF-β also regulates cell fate through immune and stroma components. This oscillatory role of TGF-β to fight against cancer or act as a traitor to collaborate and crosstalk with other tumorigenic signaling pathways and its betrayal within the cell depends upon the cellular context. Therefore, the current review highlights and understands the dual role of TGF-β under different cellular conditions and its crosstalk with other signaling pathways in modulating cell fate.
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Durślewicz J, Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska A, Jóźwicki J, Antosik P, Smolińska-Świtała M, Gagat M, Kowalewski A, Grzanka D. Prognostic Significance of TLR2, SMAD3 and Localization-dependent SATB1 in Stage I and II Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Cancer Control 2021; 28:10732748211056697. [PMID: 34818944 PMCID: PMC8640983 DOI: 10.1177/10732748211056697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of SATB1, SMAD3, and TLR2 expression in non-small-cell lung carcinoma patients with clinical stages I-II. To investigate, we evaluated immunohistochemical staining to each of these markers using tissue sections from 69 patients from our cohort and gene expression data for The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. We found that, in our cohort, high expression levels of nuclear SATB1n and SMAD3 were independent prognostic markers for better overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients. Interestingly, expression of cytoplasmic SATB1c exhibited a significant but inverse association with survival rate, and it was an independent predictor of unfavorable prognosis. Likewise, TLR2 was a negative outcome biomarker for NSCLC even when adjusting for covariates. Importantly, stratification of NSCLCs with respect to combined expression of the three biomarkers allowed us to identify subgroups of patients with the greatest difference in duration of survival. Specifically, expression profile of SATB1n-high/SMAD3high/TLR2low was associated with the best OS, and it was superior to each single protein alone in predicting patient prognosis. Furthermore, based on the TCGA dataset, we found that overexpression of SATB1 mRNA was significantly associated with better OS, whereas high mRNA levels of SMAD3 and TLR2 with poor OS. In conclusion, the present study identified a set of proteins that may play a significant role in predicting prognosis of NSCLC patients with clinical stages I-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Durślewicz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 49577Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 49577Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Jakub Jóźwicki
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 49577Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Paulina Antosik
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 49577Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Marta Smolińska-Świtała
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 49577Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 49577Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Adam Kowalewski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 49577Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre, Prof Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 49577Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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