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Szymanska K, Rytelewska E, Zaobidna E, Kiezun M, Gudelska M, Kopij G, Dobrzyn K, Mlyczynska E, Kurowska P, Kaminska B, Nynca A, Smolinska N, Rak A, Kaminski T. The Effect of Visfatin on the Functioning of the Porcine Pituitary Gland: An In Vitro Study. Cells 2023; 12:2835. [PMID: 38132154 PMCID: PMC10742260 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Visfatin (VIS), also known as nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Recently, VIS has been also recognized as an adipokine. Our previous study revealed that VIS is produced in the anterior and posterior lobes of the porcine pituitary. Moreover, the expression and secretion of VIS are dependent on the phase of the estrous cycle and/or the stage of early pregnancy. Based on this, we hypothesized that VIS may regulate porcine pituitary function. This study was conducted on anterior pituitary (AP) glands harvested from pigs during specific phases of the estrous cycle. We have shown the modulatory effect of VIS in vitro on LH and FSH secretion by porcine AP cells (determined by ELISA). VIS was also found to stimulate cell proliferation (determined by Alamar Blue) without affecting apoptosis in these cells (determined using flow cytometry technique). Moreover, it was indicated that VIS may act in porcine AP cells through the INSR, AKT/PI3K, MAPK/ERK1/2, and AMPK signaling pathways (determined by ELISA or Western Blot). This observation was further supported by the finding that simultaneous treatment of cells with VIS and inhibitors of these pathways abolished the observed VIS impact on LH and FSH secretion (determined by ELISA). In addition, our research indicated that VIS affected the mentioned processes in a manner that was dependent on the dose of VIS and/or the phase of the estrous cycle. Thus, these findings suggest that VIS may regulate the functioning of the porcine pituitary gland during the estrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Szymanska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (E.R.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (B.K.); (A.N.); (N.S.)
| | - Edyta Rytelewska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (E.R.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (B.K.); (A.N.); (N.S.)
| | - Ewa Zaobidna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Marta Kiezun
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (E.R.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (B.K.); (A.N.); (N.S.)
| | - Marlena Gudelska
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Kopij
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (E.R.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (B.K.); (A.N.); (N.S.)
| | - Kamil Dobrzyn
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Ewa Mlyczynska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (E.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.)
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kurowska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (E.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Barbara Kaminska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (E.R.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (B.K.); (A.N.); (N.S.)
| | - Anna Nynca
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (E.R.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (B.K.); (A.N.); (N.S.)
| | - Nina Smolinska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (E.R.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (B.K.); (A.N.); (N.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Rak
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (E.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Tadeusz Kaminski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.S.); (E.R.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (B.K.); (A.N.); (N.S.)
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Semerena E, Nencioni A, Masternak K. Extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase: role in disease pathophysiology and as a biomarker. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1268756. [PMID: 37915565 PMCID: PMC10616597 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1268756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) plays a central role in mammalian cell metabolism by contributing to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis. However, NAMPT activity is not limited to the intracellular compartment, as once secreted, the protein accomplishes diverse functions in the extracellular space. Extracellular NAMPT (eNAMPT, also called visfatin or pre-B-cell colony enhancing factor) has been shown to possess adipocytokine, pro-inflammatory, and pro-angiogenic activities. Numerous studies have reported the association between elevated levels of circulating eNAMPT and various inflammatory and metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, lung injury and cancer. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on eNAMPT biology, proposed roles in disease pathogenesis, and its potential as a disease biomarker. We also briefly discuss the emerging therapeutic approaches for eNAMPT inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Semerena
- Light Chain Bioscience - Novimmune SA, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
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Podyacheva E, Toropova Y. The Role of NAD+, SIRTs Interactions in Stimulating and Counteracting Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097925. [PMID: 37175631 PMCID: PMC10178434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization has identified oncological diseases as one of the most serious health concerns of the current century. Current research on oncogenesis is focused on the molecular mechanisms of energy-biochemical reprogramming in cancer cell metabolism, including processes contributing to the Warburg effect and the pro-oncogenic and anti-oncogenic roles of sirtuins (SIRTs) and poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). However, a clear understanding of the interaction between NAD+, SIRTs in cancer development, as well as their effects on carcinogenesis, has not been established, and literature data vary greatly. This work aims to provide a summary and structure of the available information on NAD+, SIRTs interactions in both stimulating and countering carcinogenesis, and to discuss potential approaches for pharmacological modulation of these interactions to achieve an anticancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Podyacheva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yana Toropova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Rempuia V, Gurusubramanian G, Roy VK. Evidence of the inhibitory role of visfatin in the testicular activity of mice during the infantile stage. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 231:106306. [PMID: 37024018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipokines have emerged as regulators of gonadal function in many mammalian and non-mammalian species. In the present study, we have investigated the developmental expression of testicular and ovarian visfatin along with its possible role in the testicular activity infantile stages. Previously, our group has the extensive role of ovarian visfatin in relation to steroidogenesis, proliferation, and apoptosis in female mice. To the best of our knowledge, no study has shown the role of visfatin in mice testis. Our results from the previous study and present study showed that visfatin in the testis and ovaries are developmentally regulated. To unravel the role of visfatin, we have used FK866, as visfatin inhibitor. FK866 was used as a visfatin inhibitor, to decipher the role of visfatin in the testis of mice. Our results showed that visfatin expression in the testis was developmentally regulated in the testis. Leydig cells as well as germ have shown the presence of visfatin in mice testis, which suggest its role in testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. Furthermore, visfatin inhibition by FK866 significantly increased the testosterone secretion, and expression of AR, Bcl2, and ERα. The expression of GCNA was upregulated by FK866 treatment. These results suggest that visfatin has an inhibitory role in testicular steroidogenesis and germ cell proliferation in the infantile stage. Further research is required to define the precise role of visfatin in infantile mice testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanlal Rempuia
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl-796004, Mizoram, India
| | | | - Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl-796004, Mizoram, India.
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Zhang Z, Xiao K, Wang S, Ansari AR, Niu X, Yang W, Lu M, Yang Z, Rehman ZU, Zou W, Bei W, Song H. Visfatin is a multifaceted molecule that exerts regulation effects on inflammation and apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells and mice immune organs. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1018973. [PMID: 36532047 PMCID: PMC9753570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1018973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Visfatin, a multifunctional adipocytokine, is particularly important in the regulation of apoptosis and inflammation through an unidentified mechanism. Clarifying the control mechanisms of visfatin on inflammation and apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells and mice immunological organs was the goal of the current investigation. In order to create a pathophysiological model, the RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with 200 ng/mL visfatin and 20 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS), either separately or combined. The effects of exogenous visfatin on inflammation and apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells were investigated by flow cytometry assay, RNA-seq analysis and fluorescence quantitative PCR. According to the findings, exogenous visfatin exhibits dual effects on inflammation by modulating the expression of IL-1α, TNFRSF1B, and LIF as well as taking part in various signaling pathways, including the MAPK and Rap1 signaling pathways. By controlling the expression levels of Bcl2l1, Bcl2a1a, and Fas and primarily participating in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and Hippo signaling pathway, exogenous visfatin can inhibit apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells. The visfatin inhibitor FK866 was used to further confirm the effects of visfatin on inflammation and apoptosis in mice immune organs. Subsequently, mice spleen and thymus were collected. It is interesting to note that in LPS-treated mice, suppression of endogenous visfatin might worsen the immune system's inflammatory response and even result in rapid mortality. Additionally, endogenous visfatin promotes the apoptosis in mice immune organs by regulating the expression levels of Bcl2l1, Fas, Caspase 3, Bcl2a1a, and Bax. Together, these results imply that visfatin is a multifaceted molecule that regulates inflammation and apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells and mice immunological organs by taking part in a variety of biological processes and regulating the amounts of associated cytokines expression. Our findings offer additional understandings of how visfatin affects apoptosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhewei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Xiao
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute of Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Abdur Rahman Ansari
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Jhang University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengqi Lu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Animal Health Supervision Institute of Taihe County, Fuyang, China
| | - Zia ur Rehman
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Weihua Zou
- Wuhan Keqian Biology Company Limited, Wuhan, China
| | - Weicheng Bei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Song
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Hui Song,
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Zhu X, Liu H, Chen L, Wu C, Liu X, Cang Y, Jiang B, Yang X, Fan G. Addressing the Enzyme-independent tumor-promoting function of NAMPT via PROTAC-mediated degradation. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:1616-1629.e12. [PMID: 36323324 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant overexpression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) has been reported in a variety of tumor cells and is a poor prognosis factor for patient survival. It plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation, acting concurrently as an nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) synthase and, unexpectedly, as an extracellular signaling molecule for several tumor-promoting pathways. Although previous efforts to modulate NAMPT activity were limited to enzymatic inhibitors with low success in clinical studies, protein degradation offers the possibility to simultaneously disrupt NAMPT's enzyme activity and ligand capabilities. Here we report the development of two highly selective proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) that promote NAMPT degradation in a cereblon-dependent manner. Both PROTAC degraders outperform a clinical candidate, FK866, in killing effect on hematological tumor cells. These results emphasize the importance and feasibility of applying PROTACs as a superior strategy for targeting proteins with multiple tumor-promoting functions like NAMPT, which is not easily achieved by conventional enzymatic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chenxu Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xuesong Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yong Cang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xiaobao Yang
- Gluetacs Therapeutics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Gaofeng Fan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Updated Functional Roles of NAMPT in Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Niches. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092059. [PMID: 35565188 PMCID: PMC9103253 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The advantages and applications of using the non-invasive way to detect serum biomarkers for assessing cancer diagnosis and prognosis have been explored. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), also designated as pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF) or visfatin, is a secreted adipokine known to modulate tumor malignancies. Its significance in predicting cancer patient’s survival outcome further renders the implementation of NAMPT in clinical practice. In this review, recent discoveries of NAMPT in cancer studies were focused and integrated. We aim to provide updates for researchers who are proposing relevant objectives. Abstract Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is notable for its regulatory roles in tumor development and progression. Emerging evidence regarding NAMPT somatic mutations in cancer patients, NAMPT expressional signatures in normal tissues and cancers, and the prognostic significance of NAMPT in many cancer types has attracted attention, and NAMPT is considered a potential biomarker of cancer. Recent discoveries have demonstrated the indirect association and direct biological functions of NAMPT in modulating cancer metastasis, proliferation, angiogenesis, cancer stemness, and chemoresistance to anticancer drugs. These findings warrant further investigation of the underlying mechanisms to provide knowledge for developing novel cancer therapeutics. In this review article, we explore recent research developments involving the oncogenic activities of NAMPT by summarizing current knowledge regarding NAMPT somatic mutations, clinical trials, transcriptome data, and clinical information and discoveries related to the NAMPT-induced signaling pathway in modulating hallmarks of cancer. Furthermore, the comprehensive representation of NAMPT RNA expression in a pancancer panel as well as in specific normal cell types at single-cell level are demonstrated. The results suggest potential sites and cell types that could facilitate NAMPT-related tumorigenesis. With this review, we aim to shed light on the regulatory roles of NAMPT in tumor development and progression, and provide information to guide future research directions in this field.
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Huang M, Xu L, Liu J, Huang P, Tan Y, Chen S. Cell–Cell Communication Alterations via Intercellular Signaling Pathways in Substantia Nigra of Parkinson’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:828457. [PMID: 35283752 PMCID: PMC8914319 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.828457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized with dopaminergic neuron (DaN) loss within the substantia nigra (SN). Despite bulk studies focusing on intracellular mechanisms of PD inside DaNs, few studies have explored the pathogeneses outside DaNs, or between DaNs and other cells. Here, we set out to probe the implication of intercellular communication involving DaNs in the pathogeneses of PD at a systemic level with bioinformatics methods. We harvested three online published single-cell/single-nucleus transcriptomic sequencing (sc/snRNA-seq) datasets of human SN (GSE126838, GSE140231, and GSE157783) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and integrated them with one of the latest integration algorithms called Harmony. We then applied CellChat, the latest cell–cell communication analytic algorithm, to our integrated dataset. We first found that the overall communication quantity was decreased while the overall communication strength was enhanced in PD sample compared with control sample. We then focused on the intercellular communication where DaNs are involved, and found that the communications between DaNs and other cell types via certain signaling pathways were selectively altered in PD, including some growth factors, neurotrophic factors, chemokines, etc. pathways. Our bioinformatics analysis showed that the alteration in intercellular communications involving DaNs might be a previously underestimated aspect of PD pathogeneses with novel translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxin Huang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyan Tan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yuyan Tan,
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Lab for Translational Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
- Shengdi Chen,
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Umar MI, Hassan W, Murtaza G, Buabeid M, Arafa E, Irfan HM, Asmawi MZ, Huang X. The Adipokine Component in the Molecular Regulation of Cancer Cell Survival, Proliferation and Metastasis. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609828. [PMID: 34588926 PMCID: PMC8473628 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A hormonal imbalance may disrupt the rigorously monitored cellular microenvironment by hampering the natural homeostatic mechanisms. The most common example of such hormonal glitch could be seen in obesity where the uprise in adipokine levels is in virtue of the expanding bulk of adipose tissue. Such aberrant endocrine signaling disrupts the regulation of cellular fate, rendering the cells to live in a tumor supportive microenvironment. Previously, it was believed that the adipokines support cancer proliferation and metastasis with no direct involvement in neoplastic transformations and tumorigenesis. However, the recent studies have reported discrete mechanisms that establish the direct involvement of adipokine signaling in tumorigenesis. Moreover, the individual adipokine profile of the patients has never been considered in the prognosis and staging of the disease. Hence, the present manuscript has focused on the reported extensive mechanisms that culminate the basis of poor prognosis and diminished survival rate in obese cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waseem Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Manal Buabeid
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.,Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research Centre, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Elshaimaa Arafa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.,Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research Centre, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mohd Zaini Asmawi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Xianju Huang
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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10
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Xiang B, Wang XY, Liu KJ. Dual Roles of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase as a Promising Target for Cancer Radiotherapy. Radiat Res 2021; 196:429-435. [PMID: 34399423 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00273.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the key rate-limiting enzyme in the regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis, and its activity is critical for the replenishment of NAD level as well as cell survival or death. As one of the most important components in the electron transport chain of complex I in mitochondrion, sustained supply of NAD is essential to the maintenance of energy metabolism both in normal and cancer cells. Recent research showed that X-ray radiation sharply downregulated the expression of NAMPT, which may be the main cause of radiation damage in salivary gland. Consistently, upregulation of NAMPT by phenylephrine restored the function and tissue structure of salivary gland, indicating the cytoprotective role of NAMPT in preventing radiation damage in normal tissues of patients with head and neck cancer during radiotherapy. On the other hand, NAMPT downregulation and NAD depletion could induce cell death in oral squamous cell cancer, suggesting that a combination of NAMPT inhibitor and radiotherapy presents a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Based on our and other's studies, NAMPT may have dual roles in cancer radiotherapy: the upregulation of NAMPT could serve to suppress radiotherapy complications such as radiation sialadenitis, and combination regimens that involve NAMPT inhibitors may enhance efficacy of radiotherapy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xiang
- Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
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Olszańska J, Pietraszek-Gremplewicz K, Nowak D. Melanoma Progression under Obesity: Focus on Adipokines. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092281. [PMID: 34068679 PMCID: PMC8126042 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Obesity is a rapidly growing public health problem and the reason for numerous diseases in the human body, including cancer. This article reviews the current knowledge of the effect of molecules secreted by adipose tissue-adipokines on melanoma progression. We also discuss the role of these factors as markers of incidence, metastasis, and melanoma patient survival. Understanding the functions of adipokines will lead to knowledge of whether and how obesity promotes melanoma growth. Abstract Obesity is a growing problem in the world and is one of the risk factors of various cancers. Among these cancers is melanoma, which accounts for the majority of skin tumor deaths. Current studies are looking for a correlation between obesity and melanoma. They suspect that a potential cause of its development is connected to the biology of adipokines, active molecules secreted by adipose tissue. Under physiological conditions, adipokines control many processes, including lipid and glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, angiogenesis, and inflammations. However, when there is an increased amount of fat in the body, their secretion is dysregulated. This article reviews the current knowledge of the effect of adipokines on melanoma growth. This work focuses on the molecular pathways by which adipose tissue secreted molecules modify the angiogenesis, migration, invasion, proliferation, and death of melanoma cells. We also discuss the role of these factors as markers of incidence, metastasis, and melanoma patient survival. Understanding the functions of adipokines will lead to knowledge of whether and how obesity promotes melanoma growth. Further studies may contribute to the innovations of therapies and the use of adipokines as predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers.
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Annie L, Gurusubramanian G, Roy VK. Inhibition of visfatin by FK866 mitigates pathogenesis of cystic ovary in letrozole-induced hyperandrogenised mice. Life Sci 2021; 276:119409. [PMID: 33781825 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common reproductive disorder in the female of reproductive age, which is characterized by hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, cystic ovary and infertility. The level of pro-inflammatory adipokine, visfatin is elevated in PCOS conditions in human and animal. In this study, letrozole induced hyperandrogenised PCOS mice model have been used to unravel the effects of visfatin inhibition. The results showed that letrozole induced hyperandrogenisation significantly (p < 0.05) elevates ovarian visfatin concentration from 66.03 ± 1.77 to 112.08 ± 3.7 ng/ml, and visfatin expression to 2.5 fold (p < 0.05) compared to control. Visfatin inhibition in PCOS by FK866 has significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed the secretion of androgens, androstenedione (from 0.329 ± 0.07 to 0.097 ± 0.01 ng/ml) and testosterone levels (from 0.045 ± 0.003 to 0.014 ± 0.0009 ng/ml). Ovarian histology showed that visfatin inhibition suppressed cyst formation and promotes corpus luteum formation. Visfatin inhibition has suppressed apoptosis and increases the expression of BCL2 along with increase in the proliferation (GCNA expression elevated). Visfatin inhibition has increased ovarian glucose content (from 167.05 ± 8.5 to 210 ± 7 mg/dl), along with increase in ovarian GLUT8 expression. In vitro study has also supported the in vivo findings where FK866 treatment significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed testosterone (control-3.84 ± 0.44 ng/ml, 1 nM FK866-2.02 ± 0.048 ng/ml, 10 nM FK866-1.74 ± 0.20 ng/ml) and androstenedione (control-4.68 ± 0.91 ng/ml, 1 nM FK866-3.38 ± 0.27 ng/ml, 10 nM FK866-4.55 ± 0.83 ng/ml) production from PCOS ovary. In conclusion, this is first report, which showed that visfatin inhibition by FK866 in hyperandrogenised mice ameliorates pathogenesis of PCOS. Thus, it may be suggested that visfatin inhibition could have a therapeutic potential in PCOS management along with other intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796 004, India.
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13
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Tumor Metabolic Reprogramming by Adipokines as a Critical Driver of Obesity-Associated Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031444. [PMID: 33535537 PMCID: PMC7867092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiposity is associated with an increased risk of various types of carcinoma. One of the plausible mechanisms underlying the tumor-promoting role of obesity is an aberrant secretion of adipokines, a group of hormones secreted from adipose tissue, which have exhibited both oncogenic and tumor-suppressing properties in an adipokine type- and context-dependent manner. Increasing evidence has indicated that these adipose tissue-derived hormones differentially modulate cancer cell-specific metabolism. Some adipokines, such as leptin, resistin, and visfatin, which are overproduced in obesity and widely implicated in different stages of cancer, promote cellular glucose and lipid metabolism. Conversely, adiponectin, an adipokine possessing potent anti-tumor activities, is linked to a more favorable metabolic phenotype. Adipokines may also play a pivotal role under the reciprocal regulation of metabolic rewiring of cancer cells in tumor microenvironment. Given the fact that metabolic reprogramming is one of the major hallmarks of cancer, understanding the modulatory effects of adipokines on alterations in cancer cell metabolism would provide insight into the crosstalk between obesity, adipokines, and tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize recent insights into putative roles of adipokines as mediators of cellular metabolic rewiring in obesity-associated tumors, which plays a crucial role in determining the fate of tumor cells.
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Annie L, Gurusubramanian G, Kumar Roy V. Visfatin protein may be responsible for suppression of proliferation and apoptosis in the infantile mice ovary. Cytokine 2021; 140:155422. [PMID: 33476980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Visfatin is an important adipokines, which are expressed in different tissues including ovary of mammals. The postnatal ovary in rodents undergoes dramatic changes of intra-ovarian factors in relation to proliferation and apoptosis. There are studies which showed that gonadal visfatin changes in postnatal life. However, role of visfatin in the early postnatal period i.e. infantile period has not been studied. Therefore, the present study was aimed to explore the role of visfatin in the early postnatal ovarian functions. Furthermore, to explore the role of visfatin, the endogenous visfatin was inhibited from PND14-PND21 by FK866 with dose of 1.5 mg/kg. Our results showed gain in body weight and ovarian weight after visfatin inhibition. The inhibition of visfatin increased the ovarian proliferation (increase in PCNA, GCNA expression and BrdU incorporation) and apoptosis (increase in BAX and active caspase3 expression). Moreover, visfatin inhibition decreased the expression of antiapoptotic/survival protein, BCL2 in the ovary. These findings suggest that visfatin in the infantile ovary may suppress the proliferation and apoptosis by up-regulating BCL2 expression. An interesting finding has been observed that circulating estrogen and progesterone remain unaffected, although visfatin inhibition up-regulated ER-β and down-regulated ER-α. It may also be suggested that visfatin could regulates proliferation and apoptosis via modulating estrogen signaling. In conclusion, visfatin inhibits the proliferation and apoptosis without modulating the ovarian steroid biosynthesis and visfatin mediated BCL2 expression could also be mechanism to preserve the good quality follicle in early postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram - 796 004, India.
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15
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Koc S, Erdogan MA, Erdogan E, Yalcin A, Turk A, Erdogan MM. Protective effect of benfotiamine on methotrexate induced gastric damage in rats. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:586-593. [PMID: 33325753 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1853237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is widely used for treating cancers and inflammatory diseases; it is a potential anti-metabolite and folate antagonist. We investigated potential protective effects of benfotiamine on MTX damage. We used a rat model of MTX induced gastric injury to assess changes in gastric histopathology, oxidative stress and visfatin levels due to MTX treatment. Rats were divided into four groups: an untreated control group, an MTX group treated with a single dose of MTX, a benfotiamine group treated with benfotiamine daily for two weeks, and a benfotiamine + MTX group treated with a single dose of MTX followed by benfotiamine daily for two weeks. Total tissue antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and visfatin levels were measured at the end of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, we investigated both visfatin expression and the histopathology of gastric tissues. The mean visfatin level was lower in the MTX group than in the benfotiamine group. The mean tissue TOS levels were higher in MTX group than in the control, benfotiamine or benfotiamine + MTX groups. Significant gastric gland dilation, and erosion and loss of mucosa were found on the gastric surface in the MTX group compared to the control group. The dilation, erosion and mucosal loss were decreased significantly in the benfotiamine + MTX group compared to the MTX group. Compared to the control group, visfatin immunoreactivity was reduced significantly in the MTX group. Decreased visfatin levels appear to play a role in the mechanism of gastric damage. Benfotiamine may be useful for preventing MTX induced gastric injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koc
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - M A Erdogan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - E Erdogan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, İnonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - A Yalcin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - A Turk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - M M Erdogan
- Histology and Embryology, Malatya Educatıon and Research Hospital, Malatya, Turkey
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Kovács D, Fazekas F, Oláh A, Törőcsik D. Adipokines in the Skin and in Dermatological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239048. [PMID: 33260746 PMCID: PMC7730960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are the primary mediators of adipose tissue-induced and regulated systemic inflammatory diseases; however, recent findings revealed that serum levels of various adipokines correlate also with the onset and the severity of dermatological diseases. Importantly, further data confirmed that the skin serves not only as a target for adipokine signaling, but may serve as a source too. In this review, we aim to provide a complex overview on how adipokines may integrate into the (patho) physiological conditions of the skin by introducing the cell types, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and sebocytes, which are known to produce adipokines as well as the signals that target them. Moreover, we discuss data from in vivo and in vitro murine and human studies as well as genetic data on how adipokines may contribute to various aspects of the homeostasis of the skin, e.g., melanogenesis, hair growth, or wound healing, just as to the pathogenesis of dermatological diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne, rosacea, and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Kovács
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.K.); (F.F.)
| | - Fruzsina Fazekas
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.K.); (F.F.)
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Dániel Törőcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.K.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-52-255-602
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Pazgan-Simon M, Kukla M, Zuwała-Jagiełło J, Derra A, Bator M, Menżyk T, Lekstan A, Grzebyk E, Simon K. Serum visfatin and vaspin levels in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227459. [PMID: 31935230 PMCID: PMC6959555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer, accountable for 90% cases. Visfatin and vaspin are adipocytokines with various suggested functions and proven significant correlations between BMI and percentage of body fat. The aim was to assess visfatin and vaspin serum levels in HCC patients and controls, compare their levels in patients with different cancer etiology and grade assessed according to the Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system. The additional aim was to analyze relationship between analyzed adipokines and metabolic abnormalities and liver disfunction severity. The study was performed on 69 cirrhotic patients (54 males/15 females) with HCC, aged 59.0 ± 12.1 years, and with BMI 29.0 ± 4.5 kg/m2 compared to 20 healthy volunteers. Serum visfatin and vaspin concentrations were significantly increased in HCC patients compared to controls (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). Serum vaspin was significantly higher in HCC patients with viral compared to those with non-viral etiology (p = 0.02), with more evident increase in chronic hepatitis C patients (CHC). Serum visfatin levels were significantly higher in patients with higher insulin resistance (p = 0.04) and with platelets count > 100 000/mm3 (p<0.001). Patients with BMI >30 kg/m2 had markedly up-regulated vaspin levels (p = 0.04). There was no difference in vaspin and visfatin serum levels with respect to liver dysfunction and BCLC classification. In conclusion, our study revealed serum vaspin and visfatin to be significantly increased in HCC patients independently of cancer etiology compared to controls. Additionally, serum vaspin was elevated in viral disease, especially in CHC. Vaspin up-regulation can be a compensatory mechanism against IR in HCC patients. Serum visfatin and vaspin, although up-regulated, seem not to be associated with cancer grade and cirrhosis severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pazgan-Simon
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michał Kukla
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Martyna Bator
- Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Menżyk
- Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lekstan
- Department of Digestive Tract Surgery, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Grzebyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Simon
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Ding YY, Luan JJ, Fan Y, Olatunji OJ, Song J, Zuo J. α-Mangostin reduced the viability of A594 cells in vitro by provoking ROS production through downregulation of NAMPT/NAD. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:163-172. [PMID: 31898286 PMCID: PMC6985413 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Mangostin (MAN) is a bioactive compound isolated from the inedible pericarp of a tropical fruit mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn). It exhibits notable therapeutic potentials on lung cancers, but the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. This study was designed to further explore the mechanisms involved in cytotoxicity of MAN on A549 cells. Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry methods. The fluorescent probes DCFH-DA and JC-1 were used to assess the intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential statuses, respectively. The regulation of MAN on relevant pathways was investigated by immunoblotting assays. The results obtained indicated that MAN caused significant apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in A549 cells, which eventually resulted in inhibition on cell proliferation in vitro. All these phenomena were synchronized with escalated oxidative stress and downregulation of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAMPT/NAD). Supplementation with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) efficiently eased MAN-induced ROS accumulation, and potently antagonized MAN-elicited apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The pro-apoptotic effect of MAN was further confirmed by increased expressions of cleaved caspase 3, 6, 7, and 9, and its effect on cell cycle progression was validated by the altered expressions of p-p38, p-p53, CDK4, and cyclin D1. The immunoblotting assays also demonstrated that NAC/NMN effectively restored these molecular changes elicited by MAN treatment. Collectively, this study revealed a unique anti-tumor mechanism of MAN by provoking ROS production through downregulation of NAMPT/NAD signaling and further validated MAN as a potential therapeutic reagent for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yun Ding
- Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Jia-Jie Luan
- Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Yan Fan
- Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Thailand
| | - Jing Song
- Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Jian Zuo
- Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, No 2nd West Zheshan Road, Wuhu, 241000, China.
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Lin TC. The role of visfatin in cancer proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance and clinical prognosis. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:3481-3491. [PMID: 31114381 PMCID: PMC6497876 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s199597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Visfatin, also known as nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase or pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF), is an adipocytokine secreted by adipocytes, macrophages and inflamed endothelial tissue. Related reports have indicated a positive correlation between the visfatin level and obesity and cancer risk. In addition to its original function, visfatin is multifunctional and plays critical roles in the promotion of several processes relevant to cancer progression including cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis and drug resistance. The relative expression of visfatin and the potential visfatin receptor on a pan-cancer scale was determined based on the transcriptome analysis data in The Cancer Genome Atlas. We further show the clinical association of its signaling axis with the survival of cancer patients, which reveals its prognostic power for specific cancer types. This review illustrates visfatin’s biological functions related to cancer progression and demonstrates its clinical significance in predicting outcomes of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Chieh Lin
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
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20
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Annie L, Gurusubramanian G, Roy VK. Estrogen and progesterone dependent expression of visfatin/NAMPT regulates proliferation and apoptosis in mice uterus during estrous cycle. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 185:225-236. [PMID: 30227242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Visfatin is an adipokine which has an endocrine effect on reproductive functions and regulates ovarian steroidogenesis. There is scant information about the expression, regulation, and functions of visfatin in the mammalian uterus. The present study examined expression and localization of visfatin in the mouse uterus at various stages of the natural estrous cycle, effects of estrogen and progesterone on localization and expression of visfatin in the ovariectomised mouse uterus and effect of visfatin inhibition by a specific inhibitor, FK866 on proliferation and apoptosis in the uterus. Western blot analysis of visfatin showed high expression in proestrus and metestrus while it declined in estrus and diestrus. Immulocalization study also showed strong immunostaining in the cells of endometrium, myometrium, luminal and glandular epithelium during proestrus and metestrus that estrus and diestrus. The uterine visfatin expression closely related to the increased estrogen levels in proestrus and suppressed when progesterone rose to a high level in diestrus. The treatment with estrogen to ovariectomised mice up-regulates visfatin, PCNA, and active caspase3 whereas progesterone up-regulates PCNA and down-regulates visfatin and active caspase3 expression in mouse uterus. The co-treatment with estrogen and progesterone up-regulates visfatin and down-regulates PCNA and active caspase3. In vitro study showed endogenous visfatin inhibition by FK866 increased expression of PCNA and BCL2 increased catalase activity while FK866 treatment decreased expression of active caspase3 and BAX with decreased SOD and GPx activity. BrdU labeling showed that inhibition of visfatin modulates the uterine proliferation. This study showed that expression of visfatin protein is steroid dependent in mouse uterus which is involved in the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis via modulating antioxidant system in the uterus of mice during the reproductive cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796 004, India.
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21
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Bose T, Das C, Dutta A, Mahamkali V, Sadhu S, Mande SS. Understanding the role of interactions between host and Mycobacterium tuberculosis under hypoxic condition: an in silico approach. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:555. [PMID: 30053801 PMCID: PMC6064076 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4947-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in humans is often associated with extended period of latency. To adapt to the hostile hypoxic environment inside a macrophage, M. tuberculosis cells undergo several physiological and metabolic changes. Previous studies have mostly focused on inspecting individual facets of this complex process. In order to gain deeper insights into the infection process and to understand the coordination among different regulatory/ metabolic pathways in the pathogen, the current in silico study investigates three aspects, namely, (i) host-pathogen interactions (HPIs) between human and M. tuberculosis proteins, (ii) gene regulatory network pertaining to adaptation of M. tuberculosis to hypoxia and (iii) alterations in M. tuberculosis metabolism under hypoxic condition. Subsequently, cross-talks between these components have been probed to evaluate possible gene-regulatory events as well as HPIs which are likely to drive metabolic changes during pathogen’s adaptation to the intra-host hypoxic environment. Results The newly identified HPIs suggest the pathogen’s ability to subvert host mediated reactive oxygen intermediates/ reactive nitrogen intermediates (ROI/ RNI) stress as well as their potential role in modulating host cell cycle and cytoskeleton structure. The results also indicate a significantly pronounced effect of HPIs on hypoxic metabolism of M. tuberculosis. Findings from the current study underscore the necessity of investigating the infection process from a systems-level perspective incorporating different facets of intra-cellular survival of the pathogen. Conclusions The comprehensive host-pathogen interaction network, a Boolean model of M. tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtb) hypoxic gene-regulation, as well as a genome scale metabolic model of Mtb, built for this study are expected to be useful resources for future studies on tuberculosis infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4947-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tungadri Bose
- Bio-Sciences R&D Division, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Pune, India.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Chandrani Das
- Bio-Sciences R&D Division, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Pune, India.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Anirban Dutta
- Bio-Sciences R&D Division, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Pune, India.
| | - Vishnuvardhan Mahamkali
- Bio-Sciences R&D Division, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Pune, India.,Present Address: Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sudipta Sadhu
- Bio-Sciences R&D Division, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Pune, India
| | - Sharmila S Mande
- Bio-Sciences R&D Division, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Pune, India.
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22
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Crystal structure-based comparison of two NAMPT inhibitors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:294-301. [PMID: 28858298 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a novel strategy for cancer therapy, but only two inhibitors of NAMPT (FK866 and CHS828) have progressed into clinical trials. This study seeks to compare a novel potent NAMPT inhibitor, MS0, with a classical inhibitor FK866 in their biological activity and molecular binding mode, thereby contributing to future chemical optimization and a further understanding of the action mode of NAMPT inhibitors. The IC50 values of MS0 and FK866 in inhibition of recombinant human NAMPT activity were 9.08±0.90 and 1.60±0.32 nmol/L, respectively. Consistently, FK866 exerted better antiproliferation in 6 human cancer cell lines (HepG2, A2780, 95-D, A549, U2OS and U266) than MS0 with IC50 values nearly 12-fold to 225-fold lower than those of MS0. Co-crystal structures of wild-type human NAMPT complexed with MS0 or FK866 were elucidated, which revealed that MS0 did not interact with Ser241. The hydrogen bond mediated by crystallographic water between MS0 and His191 or Val350 of NAMPT did not exist in FK866. Instead, FK866 exhibited hydrophobic interactions with Arg349. Based on the activity assays and crystal structure analyses, we elaborate the reason why the antiproliferation activity of MS0 was not as good as that of FK866, which would contributes to the current understanding of the mode of action of NAMPT inhibitors and will also contribute to further development of anticancer drugs in the future.
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Ochman M, Maruszewski M, Wojarski J, Żegleń S, Karolak W, Stanjek-Cichoracka A, Przybyłowski P, Zembala M, Kukla M. Serum Levels of Visfatin, Omentin and Irisin in Patients with End-Stage Lung Disease Before and After Lung Transplantation. Ann Transplant 2017; 22:761-768. [PMID: 29277835 PMCID: PMC6248051 DOI: 10.12659/aot.904994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate serum concentrations of visfatin, irisin, and omentin in patients with end-stage lung diseases (ESLD) before and after lung transplantation (LTx) and to find relationship between adipokines levels and clinical outcomes. Material/Methods Fourteen consecutive lung transplant recipients (six males and seven females; age 32.0±14.2 years; body mass index (BMI) 21.8±5.3 kg/m2) who underwent lung transplantation with initial diagnosis of respiratory failure due to cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) were included. Visfatin, irisin, and omentin serum levels were assayed using commercially available ELISA kits at four time points: the day of LTx (day 0), 72 hours (day 3), one month (day 30) and three months (day 90) after LTx. Results Omentin serum concentration decreased significantly within three days after LTx (350.5±302.0 to 200.0±0.90 ng/mL; p<0.05), while visfatin serum levels decreased later, 30 days after Ltx (4.81±3.78 to 0.78±0.35 [0.4–1.1] pg/mL; p<0.05). Downregulated serum levels of both adipokines remained stable for the next two months (256.0 [201.7–642.9] ng/mL and 0.77±0.76 pg/mL, respectively; p<0.05). Serum levels of irisin were unchanged before and after Ltx. Immunosuppressive regimen did not affect serum levels of the analyzed adipokines. Conclusions The study showed for the first time serum omentin and visfatin levels to be decreased after LTx in ESLD patients. Successful LTx contributes to the improvement of impaired lung function parameters and attenuation of ongoing inflammatory process, resulting in altered visfatin and omentin serum levels. Additional influence of immunosuppressive treatment on omentin and visfatin serum concentration cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Ochman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.,Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marcin Maruszewski
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Jacek Wojarski
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Sławomir Żegleń
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland
| | - Wojtek Karolak
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anita Stanjek-Cichoracka
- Department of Biophysics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland.,Immunology and Transplant Laboratory, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Piotr Przybyłowski
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marian Zembala
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Michał Kukla
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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Sun Y, Zhu S, Wu Z, Huang Y, Liu C, Tang S, Wei L. Elevated serum visfatin levels are associated with poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23427-23435. [PMID: 28178643 PMCID: PMC5410315 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Visfatin is considered a pro-inflammatory adipocytokine, and it is commonly increased in obesity-related diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of serum visfatin in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its diagnostic and predictive value in detecting HCC. Fasting serum levels of visfatin of 135 HCC patients, 115 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, 129 liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, and 149 healthy controls were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Meanwhile, serum alpha fetal protein (AFP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were also assayed. The median serum visfatin concentration in HCC patients was 1.113 ng/mL (range: 0.823-2.214 ng/mL), which was significant higher than those of healthy controls, CHB patients, and LC patients (P<0.05). The serum visfatin concentration in HCC patients was positively correlated with AFP (r=0.595, P<0.001) and IL-6 (r=0.261, P<0.015) and was also associated with tumor size and tumor node metastasis stage. Moreover, elevated levels of serum visfatin were associated with a higher HCC risk for CHB and LC patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis had shown that HCC patients with high levels of serum visfatin had significantly shorter overall survival times than those with low serum visfatin levels (P<0.001). Using a cutoff visfatin level of 1.403 ng/mL, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed unappealing sensitivity and specificity values (45.76% and 74.79%, respectively; AUC=0.626) regarding visfatin's use as a diagnostic marker for HCC. Our results indicate that increased serum visfatin levels are associated with poor prognosis of HCC. Visfatin may be a potential therapeutic target of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Shengbo Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhitong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi, China
| | - Yiyong Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Shifu Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Lili Wei
- Department of Science and Education, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
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25
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Carbone F, Liberale L, Bonaventura A, Vecchiè A, Casula M, Cea M, Monacelli F, Caffa I, Bruzzone S, Montecucco F, Nencioni A. Regulation and Function of Extracellular Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase/Visfatin. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:603-621. [PMID: 28333382 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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27
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Kennedy BE, Sharif T, Martell E, Dai C, Kim Y, Lee PWK, Gujar SA. NAD + salvage pathway in cancer metabolism and therapy. Pharmacol Res 2016; 114:274-283. [PMID: 27816507 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential coenzyme for various physiological processes including energy metabolism, DNA repair, cell growth, and cell death. Many of these pathways are typically dysregulated in cancer cells, making NAD+ an intriguing target for cancer therapeutics. NAD+ is mainly synthesized by the NAD+ salvage pathway in cancer cells, and not surprisingly, the pharmacological targeting of the NAD+ salvage pathway causes cancer cell cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Several studies have described the precise consequences of NAD+ depletion on cancer biology, and have demonstrated that NAD+ depletion results in depletion of energy levels through lowered rates of glycolysis, reduced citric acid cycle activity, and decreased oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, depletion of NAD+ causes sensitization of cancer cells to oxidative damage by disruption of the anti-oxidant defense system, decreased cell proliferation, and initiation of cell death through manipulation of cell signaling pathways (e.g., SIRT1 and p53). Recently, studies have explored the effect of well-known cancer therapeutics in combination with pharmacological depletion of NAD+ levels, and found in many cases a synergistic effect on cancer cell cytotoxicity. In this context, we will discuss the effects of NAD+ salvage pathway inhibition on cancer cell biology and provide insight on this pathway as a novel anti-cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry E Kennedy
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Tanveer Sharif
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Emma Martell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Cathleen Dai
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Youra Kim
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Patrick W K Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Shashi A Gujar
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Centre for Innovative and Collaborative Health Systems Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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28
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Grolla AA, Travelli C, Genazzani AA, Sethi JK. Extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, a new cancer metabokine. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2182-94. [PMID: 27128025 PMCID: PMC4919578 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we focus on the secreted form of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT); extracellular NAMPT (eNAMPT), also known as pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor or visfatin. Although intracellular NAMPT is a key enzyme in controlling NAD metabolism, eNAMPT has been reported to function as a cytokine, with many roles in physiology and pathology. Circulating eNAMPT has been associated with several metabolic and inflammatory disorders, including cancer. Because cytokines produced in the tumour micro-environment play an important role in cancer pathogenesis, in part by reprogramming cellular metabolism, future improvements in cancer immunotherapy will require a better understanding of the crosstalk between cytokine action and tumour biology. In this review, the knowledge of eNAMPT in cancer will be discussed, focusing on its immunometabolic function as a metabokine, its secretion, its mechanism of action and possible roles in the cancer micro-environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra A Grolla
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Cristina Travelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Jaswinder K Sethi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Roy V, Chenkual L, Gurusubramanian G. Mallotus roxburghianus modulates antioxidant responses in pancreas of diabetic rats. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:152-63. [PMID: 26764087 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mallotus roxburghianus has long been used by Mizo tribal people for the treatment of diabetes. Scientific validation at known doses may provide information about its safety and efficacy. Methanolic leaf extract of M. roxburghianus (MRME 100 and 400mg/kg) was tested in comparison with normal and alloxan diabetic rats for 28 days p.o. in terms of body and pancreatic weight, blood glucose level, antioxidant enzymes, expression of visfatin and PCNA, histopathology and histomorphometric measurements of pancreas. The results were evaluated statistically using ANOVA, correlation and regression and Principal component analysis (PCO). MRME (100 and 400mg/kg) treatment significantly (p<0.0001) decreased the body weight, blood glucose level, improved the mass and size of pancreas, elevated the levels of antioxidant enzymes and up regulate the expression of visfatin and PCNA. PCO analysis was good to fitness and prediction distinguishes the therapeutic effects of M. roxburghianus from the alloxan induced diabetic rats. MRME has significant role in protecting animals from alloxan-induced diabetic oxidative stress in pancreas and exhibited promising antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant activities along with significant reversal of disturbed antioxidant status and lipid peroxidative damage. Pancreatic architecture and physiology under diabetic oxidative stress have been significantly modulated by MRME and validated as a drug candidate for antidiabetic treatment. M. roxburghianus treatment restores the antioxidant enzyme system and rejuvenates the islets mass in alloxanized rat by accelerating visfatin and PCNA expression in pancreatic tissue.
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30
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Grolla AA, Torretta S, Gnemmi I, Amoruso A, Orsomando G, Gatti M, Caldarelli A, Lim D, Penengo L, Brunelleschi S, Genazzani AA, Travelli C. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT/PBEF/visfatin) is a tumoural cytokine released from melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2015; 28:718-29. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ambra A. Grolla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Medical Sciences; Università del Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
| | - Simone Torretta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Medical Sciences; Università del Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
| | - Ilaria Gnemmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Medical Sciences; Università del Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
| | - Angela Amoruso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Medical Sciences; Università del Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
| | - Giuseppe Orsomando
- Section of Biochemistry; Department of Clinical Sciences; Polytechnic University of Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - Marco Gatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Medical Sciences; Università del Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
| | - Antonio Caldarelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Medical Sciences; Università del Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Medical Sciences; Università del Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
| | - Lorenza Penengo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Medical Sciences; Università del Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Zürich-Vetsuisse; Zürich Switzerland
| | - Sandra Brunelleschi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Medical Sciences; Università del Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
| | - Armando A. Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Medical Sciences; Università del Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
| | - Cristina Travelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Medical Sciences; Università del Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
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31
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Garten A, Schuster S, Penke M, Gorski T, de Giorgis T, Kiess W. Physiological and pathophysiological roles of NAMPT and NAD metabolism. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2015. [PMID: 26215259 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2015.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a regulator of the intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) pool. NAD is an essential coenzyme involved in cellular redox reactions and is a substrate for NAD-dependent enzymes. In various metabolic disorders and during ageing, levels of NAD are decreased. Through its NAD-biosynthetic activity, NAMPT influences the activity of NAD-dependent enzymes, thereby regulating cellular metabolism. In addition to its enzymatic function, extracellular NAMPT (eNAMPT) has cytokine-like activity. Abnormal levels of eNAMPT are associated with various metabolic disorders. NAMPT is able to modulate processes involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and related disorders such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by influencing the oxidative stress response, apoptosis, lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammation and insulin resistance. NAMPT also has a crucial role in cancer cell metabolism, is often overexpressed in tumour tissues and is an experimental target for antitumour therapies. In this Review, we discuss current understanding of the functions of NAMPT and highlight progress made in identifying the physiological role of NAMPT and its relevance in various human diseases and conditions, such as obesity, NAFLD, T2DM, cancer and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Garten
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Schuster
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Melanie Penke
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Theresa Gorski
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tommaso de Giorgis
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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32
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Wang X, Xu TY, Liu XZ, Zhang SL, Wang P, Li ZY, Guan YF, Wang SN, Dong GQ, Zhuo S, Le YY, Sheng CQ, Miao CY. Discovery of Novel Inhibitors and Fluorescent Probe Targeting NAMPT. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12657. [PMID: 26227784 PMCID: PMC4521150 DOI: 10.1038/srep12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a promising antitumor target. Novel NAMPT inhibitors with diverse chemotypes are highly desirable for development of antitumor agents. Using high throughput screening system targeting NAMPT on a chemical library of 30000 small-molecules, we found a non-fluorescent compound F671-0003 and a fluorescent compound M049-0244 with excellent in vitro activity (IC50: 85 nM and 170 nM respectively) and anti-proliferative activity against HepG2 cells. These two compounds significantly depleted cellular NAD levels. Exogenous NMN rescued their anti-proliferative activity against HepG2 cells. Structure-activity relationship study proposed a binding mode for NAMPT inhibitor F671-0003 and highlighted the importance of hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic and π-π interactions in inhibitor binding. Imaging study provided the evidence that fluorescent compound M049-0244 (3 μM) significantly stained living HepG2 cells. Cellular fluorescence was further verified to be NAMPT dependent by using RNA interference and NAMPT over expression transgenic mice. Our findings provide novel antitumor lead compounds and a "first-in-class" fluorescent probe for imaging NAMPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Zhu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sai-Long Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Feng Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Na Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Zhuo
- 1] Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. [2] Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ying-Ying Le
- 1] Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. [2] Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Chun-Quan Sheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Xu TY, Zhang SL, Dong GQ, Liu XZ, Wang X, Lv XQ, Qian QJ, Zhang RY, Sheng CQ, Miao CY. Discovery and characterization of novel small-molecule inhibitors targeting nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10043. [PMID: 26040985 PMCID: PMC4603696 DOI: 10.1038/srep10043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a promising anticancer target. Using high throughput screening system targeting NAMPT, we obtained a potent NAMPT inhibitor MS0 (China Patent ZL201110447488.9) with excellent in vitro activity (IC50 = 9.87 ± 1.15nM) and anti-proliferative activity against multiple human cancer cell lines including stem-like cancer cells. Structure-activity relationship studies yielded several highly effective analogues. These inhibitors specifically bound NAMPT, rather than downstream NMNAT. We provided the first chemical case using cellular thermal shift assay to explain the difference between in vitro and cellular activity; MS7 showed best in vitro activity (IC50 = 0.93 ± 0.29 nM) but worst cellular activity due to poor target engagement in living cells. Site-directed mutagenesis studies identified important residues for NAMPT catalytic activity and inhibitor binding. The present findings contribute to deep understanding the action mode of NAMPT inhibitors and future development of NAMPT inhibitors as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qi-Jun Qian
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital &Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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34
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Bułdak Ł, Łabuzek K, Bułdak RJ, Machnik G, Bołdys A, Okopień B. Exenatide (a GLP-1 agonist) improves the antioxidative potential of in vitro cultured human monocytes/macrophages. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 388:905-19. [PMID: 25980358 PMCID: PMC4537507 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are dominant cells in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. They are also a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress, which is particularly high in subjects with diabetes, is responsible for accelerated atherosclerosis. Novel antidiabetic drugs (e.g., glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists) were shown to reduce ROS level. Therefore, we conceived a study to evaluate the influence of exenatide, a GLP-1 agonist, on redox status in human monocytes/macrophages cultured in vitro, which may explain the beneficial effects of incretin-based antidiabetic treatment. Human macrophages obtained from 10 healthy volunteers were in vitro subjected to the treatment with GLP-1 agonist (exenatide) in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), antagonist of GLP-1 receptors (exendin 9-39), or protein kinase A inhibitor (H89). Afterwards, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde level, NADPH oxidase, and antioxidative enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase] expression was evaluated. Finally, we estimated the activity of the abovementioned enzymes in the presence of H89. According to our findings, exenatide reduced ROS and malondialdyhyde (MDA) level by decreasing the expression of ROS-generating NADPH oxidase and by increasing the expression and activities of SOD and GSH-Px. We also showed that this effect was significantly inhibited by exendin 9-39 (a GLP-1 antagonist) and blocked by H89. Exenatide improved the antioxidative potential and reduced oxidative stress in cultured human monocytes/macrophages, and this finding may be responsible for the pleiotropic effects of incretin-based therapies. This effect relied on the stimulation of GLP-1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Bułdak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland,
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Bułdak RJ, Pilc-Gumuła K, Bułdak Ł, Witkowska D, Kukla M, Polaniak R, Zwirska-Korczala K. Effects of ghrelin, leptin and melatonin on the levels of reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzyme activity and viability of the HCT 116 human colorectal carcinoma cell line. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2275-82. [PMID: 25873273 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of certain types of cancer, including colon cancer. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that produces biologically active substances, such as leptin and ghrelin. Recent research has suggested that adipose-derived hormones may be associated with mechanisms linked to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Furthermore, previous studies have demonstrated that pineal gland-derived melatonin possesses important oncostatic and antioxidant properties. The present study aimed to determine the effects of the adipokines ghrelin and leptin, and the melatonin on intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activity of selected antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase. The effects of these compounds were also determined on the viability of HCT 116 human colorectal carcinoma cells in vitro. The pro-oxidant and growth inhibitory effects of melatonin resulted in an accumulation of ROS and decreased antioxidant capacity in melatonin-treated cells. Ghrelin administration alone caused a significant decrease in the levels of ROS, due to an increased activity of CAT in the HCT 116 cells. In addition, the present study observed increased lipid peroxidation following melatonin treatment, and decreased levels of malondialdehyde following ghrelin or leptin treatment. In conclusion, ghrelin, leptin and melatonin have various influences on the antioxidant capacity of HCT 116 cells. Compared with the adipokines, treatment with melatonin increased ROS levels and decreased cellular viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Jakub Bułdak
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze 41‑808, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pilc-Gumuła
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze 41‑808, Poland
| | - Łukasz Bułdak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40‑752, Poland
| | - Daria Witkowska
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze 41‑808, Poland
| | - Michał Kukla
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40‑752, Poland
| | - Renata Polaniak
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Public Health, Medical University of Silesia, Bytom 41‑902, Poland
| | - Krystyna Zwirska-Korczala
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze 41‑808, Poland
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Erfani S, Khaksari M, Oryan S, Shamsaei N, Aboutaleb N, Nikbakht F, Jamali-Raeufy N, Gorjipour F. Visfatin reduces hippocampal CA1 cells death and improves learning and memory deficits after transient global ischemia/reperfusion. Neuropeptides 2015; 49:63-8. [PMID: 25617953 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Visfatin is a novel adipocytokine with insulin-mimetic effect which plays a role in glucose-lowering effect of insulin and improves insulin sensitivity. It has been linked to a variety of cellular processes and its plays important roles in cell apoptosis and survival. Moreover, cerebral ischemia causes loss of hippocampus pyramidal cells, therefore, in this study; we investigated the neuroprotective effect of visfatin after global cerebral ischemia in male rats. Both common carotid arteries were occluded for 20 minutes followed by 4 days of reperfusion. Animals were treated with either the Visfatin (intracerebro-ventricular; 100 ng) or saline vehicle (2 µl) at the time of reperfusion. Behavioral examination, apoptosis and necrosis assessment were performed 4 days after ischemia. Visfatin significantly reduced Caspase-3 activation (P < 0.001), TUNEL positive cells (P < 0.05) and necrotic cell death in the CA1 region of the hippocampus (P < 0.001). Moreover, treatment with visfatin significantly improved memory deficits of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats (P < 0.05). The results suggest that visfatin via its antiapoptotic properties has significant neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohaila Erfani
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khaksari
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Oryan
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nabi Shamsaei
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nahid Aboutaleb
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farnaz Nikbakht
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nida Jamali-Raeufy
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Gorjipour
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Erfani S, Khaksari M, Oryan S, Shamsaei N, Aboutaleb N, Nikbakht F. Nampt/PBEF/visfatin exerts neuroprotective effects against ischemia/reperfusion injury via modulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and prevention of caspase-3 activation. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:237-43. [PMID: 25603815 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase/pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor/visfatin (Nampt/PBEF/visfatin) is an adipocytokine. By synthesizing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)), Nampt/PBEF/visfatin functions to maintain an energy supply that has critical roles in cell survival. Cerebral ischemia leads to energy depletion and eventually neuronal death by apoptosis in specific brain regions specially the hippocampus. However, the role of Nampt/PBEF/visfatin in brain and cerebral ischemia remains to be investigated. This study investigated the role of administration Nampt/PBEF/visfatin in hippocampal CA3 area using a transient global cerebral ischemia model. Both common carotid arteries were occluded for 20 min followed by reperfusion. Saline as a vehicle and Nampt/PBEF/visfatin at a dose of 100 ng were injected intracerebroventricularly (ICV) at the time of cerebral reperfusion. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of Nampt/PBEF/visfatin neuroprotection, levels of expression of apoptosis-related proteins (caspase-3 activation, Bax protein levels, and Bcl-2 protein levels) 96 h after ischemia were determined by immunohistochemical staining. The number of active caspase-3-positive neurons in CA3 was significantly increased in the ischemia group, compared with the sham group (P < 0.001), and treatment with Nampt/PBEF/visfatin significantly reduced the ischemia/reperfusion-induced caspase-3 activation, compared to the ischemia group (P < 0.05). Also, results indicated a significant increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in the ischemia group, compared with the sham group (P < 0.01). However, treatment with Nampt/PBEF/visfatin significantly attenuated the ischemia/reperfusion-induced increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, compared with the ischemia group (P < 0.05). This study has indicated that Nampt/PBEF/visfatin entails neuroprotective effects against ischemia injury when used at the time of cerebral reperfusion. These neuroprotective mechanisms of Nampt/PBEF/visfatin occur through decrease the expression ofproapoptotic proteins (cleaved caspase-3 and Bax) and, on the other hand, increase the expression ofantiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2). Thus, our findings indicate that Nampt/PBEF/visfatin is a new therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohaila Erfani
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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38
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Visfatin Inhibits Apoptosis and Necrosis of Hippocampus CA3 Cells Following Transient Global Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats. Int J Pept Res Ther 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-014-9449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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39
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Zhou T, Wang T, Garcia JGN. Expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase-influenced genes predicts recurrence-free survival in lung and breast cancers. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6107. [PMID: 25146220 PMCID: PMC4141256 DOI: 10.1038/srep06107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the salvage pathway of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis. NAMPT protein is a secreted plasma biomarker in inflammation and in cancer. The NAMPT enzymatic inhibitor, FK866, acts as an inducer of apoptosis and is a cancer therapeutic candidate, however, little is known regarding the influence of NAMPT on cancer biological mechanisms or on the prognosis of human cancers. We interrogated known microarray data sets to define NAMPT knockdown-influenced gene expression to demonstrate that reduced NAMPT expression strongly dysregulates cancer biology signaling pathways. Comparisons of gene expression datasets of four cancer types generated a N39 molecular signature exhibiting consistent dysregulated expression in multiple cancer tissues. The N39 signature provides a significant and independent prognostic tool of human recurrence-free survival in lung and breast cancers. Despite the absence of clear elucidation of molecular mechanisms, this study validates NAMPT as a novel “oncogene” with a central role in carcinogenesis. Furthermore, the N39 signature provides a potentially useful tool for prediction of recurrence-free survival in lung and breast cancer and validates NAMPT as a novel and effective therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhou
- 1] Arizona Respiratory Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA [2]
| | - Ting Wang
- 1] Arizona Respiratory Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA [2]
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Arizona Respiratory Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Lu GW, Wang QJ, Xia MM, Qian J. Elevated plasma visfatin levels correlate with poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Peptides 2014; 58:60-4. [PMID: 24911837 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Visfatin is a proinflammmatory cytokine with accumulating evidence for its rise in circulation of cancer patients. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between preoperative plasma visfatin level and prognosis of gastric cancers. Preoperative plasma visfatin levels of 262 patients with gastric cancers and plasma visfatin levels of 262 healthy individuals were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Preoperative plasma visfatin level was substantially higher in patients than in healthy subjects. Plasma visfatin levels were associated with invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, peritoneal dissemination, tumor size and tumor node metastasis stage. Multivariate analysis revealed that high plasma visfatin level was an independent factor for death. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that plasma visfatin level predicted death with high area under curve. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified plasma visfatin level as an independent predictor of overall survival. Thus, our results suggest that high preoperative plasma visfatin level is associated with prognostic factors for gastric cancer as well as may play a role as prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Wen Lu
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Yinzhou People's Hospital, Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University, 251 Baizhang East Road, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Qi-Jun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yinzhou People's Hospital, Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University, 251 Baizhang East Road, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Min-Ming Xia
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Yinzhou People's Hospital, Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University, 251 Baizhang East Road, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Jiao Qian
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Yinzhou People's Hospital, Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University, 251 Baizhang East Road, Ningbo 315040, China.
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Shackelford RE, Mayhall K, Maxwell NM, Kandil E, Coppola D. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase in malignancy: a review. Genes Cancer 2014; 4:447-56. [PMID: 24386506 DOI: 10.1177/1947601913507576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) synthesis. Both intracellular and extracellular Nampt (iNampt and eNampt) levels are increased in several human malignancies and some studies demonstrate increased iNampt in more aggressive/invasive tumors and in tumor metastases. Several different molecular targets have been identified that promote carcinogenesis following iNampt overexpression, including SirT1, CtBP, and PARP-1. Additionally, eNampt is elevated in several human cancers and is often associated with a higher tumor stage and worse prognoses. Here we review the roles of Nampt in malignancy, some of the known mechanisms by which it promotes carcinogenesis, and discuss the possibility of employing Nampt inhibitors in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Mayhall
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Emad Kandil
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Anatomic Pathology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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Bułdak Ł, Łabuzek K, Bułdak RJ, Kozłowski M, Machnik G, Liber S, Suchy D, Duława-Bułdak A, Okopień B. Metformin affects macrophages' phenotype and improves the activity of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and decreases malondialdehyde concentration in a partially AMPK-independent manner in LPS-stimulated human monocytes/macrophages. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:418-29. [PMID: 24905518 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic patients experience accelerated atherosclerosis. Metformin is a cornerstone of the current therapy of type 2 diabetes. Macrophages are the key cells associated with the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, our aim was to assess the in vitro effects of metformin on macrophages and its influence on the mechanisms involved in the development of atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from the group including 16 age-matched healthy non-smoking volunteers aged 18-40 years. Monocytes were further incubated with metformin, LPS and compound C--a pharmacological inhibitor of AMPK. The impact of metformin on oxidative stress markers, antioxidative properties, inflammatory cytokines and phenotypical markers of macrophages was studied. RESULTS We showed that macrophages treated with metformin expressed less reactive oxygen species (ROS), which resulted from increased antioxidative potential. Furthermore, a reduction in inflammatory cytokines was observed. We also observed a phenotypic shift toward the alternative activation of macrophages that was induced by metformin. All the aforementioned results resulted from AMPK activation, but a residual activity of metformin after AMPK blockade was still noticeable even after inhibition of AMPK by compound C. CONCLUSIONS Authors believe that metformin-based therapy, a cornerstone in diabetes therapy, not only improves the prognosis of diabetics by reducing blood glucose but also by reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine production and the shift toward alternative activation of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Bułdak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Łabuzek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Rafał Jakub Bułdak
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Michał Kozłowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Machnik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Liber
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dariusz Suchy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Duława-Bułdak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bogusław Okopień
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Enninga EAL, Holtan SG, Creedon DJ, Dronca RS, Nevala WK, Ognjanovic S, Markovic SN. Immunomodulatory effects of sex hormones: requirements for pregnancy and relevance in melanoma. Mayo Clin Proc 2014; 89:520-35. [PMID: 24684874 PMCID: PMC4286150 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Similarities between the pathologic progression of cancer and the physiologic process of placentation (eg, proliferation, invasion, and local/systemic tolerance) have been recognized for many years. Sex hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin, estrogens, progesterone, and others contribute to induction of immunologic tolerance at the beginning of gestation. Sex hormones have been shown to play contributory roles in the growth of cancers such as breast cancer, prostrate cancer, endometrial cancer, and ovarian cancer, but their involvement as putative mediators of the immunologic escape of cancer is still being elucidated. Herein, we compare the emerging mechanism by which sex hormones modulate systemic immunity in pregnancy and their potentially similar role in cancer. To do this, we conducted a PubMed search using combinations of the following keywords: "immune regulation," "sex hormones," "pregnancy," "melanoma," and "cancer." We did not limit our search to specific publication dates. Mimicking the maternal immune response to pregnancy, especially in late gestation, might aid in design of better therapies to reconstitute endogenous antitumor immunity and improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Svetomir N Markovic
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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