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Diaz AP, Canal CAM, Valdés AJ, Delgado JEG, Varela-M RE. GSK-3 kinase a putative therapeutic target in trypanosomatid parasites. Braz J Infect Dis 2024; 28:103736. [PMID: 38467387 PMCID: PMC10955101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2024.103736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Trypanosomatids are an important group of parasites that predominate in tropical and subtropical areas of the planet, which cause diseases that are classified as forgotten and neglected by the world health organization. In this group of parasites, we find Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Leishmania spp, for which there is no vaccine available, and its control has focused mainly on pharmacological treatment. Due to the poverty situation where these diseases are found and the biological complexity of these parasites, there are multiple variables to control, including the diversity of species, the complexity of their life cycles, drug resistance, cytotoxicity, the limited use in pregnant women, the high costs of treatment and the little-known pharmacological mechanisms of action, among others. It is therefore necessary to find new strategies and approaches for the treatment of these parasitic diseases. Among these new approaches is the rational search for new targets based on the allosteric inhibition of protein kinases, which have been little studied in trypanosomatids. Among these kinases, we find Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3), a kinase of great pharmacological interest, which is under intense basic and clinical research by pharmaceutical companies for the treatment of cancer. This kinase, highly studied in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway signaling in humans, has an orthologous gene in these parasites (GSK-3 s), which has proven to be essential for them in response to different challenges; Therefore, it is notable to increase research in this kinase in order to achieve a broad structural and functional characterization in the different species of trypanosomatids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - R E Varela-M
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali, Colombia.
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2
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Dou Q, Grant AK, Coutinto de Souza P, Moussa M, Nasser I, Ahmed M, Tsai LL. Characterizing Metabolic Heterogeneity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Hyperpolarized 13C Pyruvate MRI and Mass Spectrometry. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2024; 6:e230056. [PMID: 38426887 PMCID: PMC10988335 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.230056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To characterize the metabolomic profiles of two hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) rat models, track evolution of these profiles to a stimulated tumor state, and assess their effect on lactate flux with hyperpolarized (HP) carbon 13 (13C) MRI. Materials and Methods Forty-three female adult Fischer rats were implanted with N1S1 or McA-RH7777 HCC tumors. In vivo lactate-to-pyruvate ratio (LPR) was measured with HP 13C MRI at 9.4 T. Ex vivo mass spectrometry was used to measure intratumoral metabolites, and Ki67 labeling was used to quantify proliferation. Tumors were first compared with three normal liver controls. The tumors were then compared with stimulated variants via off-target hepatic thermal ablation treatment. All comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney test. Results HP 13C pyruvate MRI showed greater LPR in N1S1 tumors compared with normal liver (mean [SD], 0.564 ± 0.194 vs 0.311 ± 0.057; P < .001 [n = 9]), but not for McA-RH7777 (P = .44 [n = 8]). Mass spectrometry confirmed that the glycolysis pathway was increased in N1S1 tumors and decreased in McA-RH7777 tumors. The pentose phosphate pathway was also decreased only in McA-RH7777 tumors. Increased proliferation in stimulated N1S1 tumors corresponded to a net increase in LPR (six stimulated vs six nonstimulated, 0.269 ± 0.148 vs 0.027 ± 0.08; P = .009), but not in McA-RH7777 (eight stimulated vs six nonstimulated, P = .13), despite increased proliferation and metastases. Mass spectrometry demonstrated relatively increased lactate production with stimulation in N1S1 tumors only. Conclusion Two HCC subtypes showed divergent glycolytic dependency at baseline and during transformation to a high proliferation state. This metabolic heterogeneity in HCC should be considered with use of HP 13C MRI for diagnosis and tracking. Keywords: Molecular Imaging-Probe Development, Liver, Abdomen/GI, Oncology, Hepatocellular Carcinoma © RSNA, 2024 See also commentary by Ohliger in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Dou
- From the Departments of Radiology (Q.D., A.K.G., M.M., M.A., L.L.T.)
and Pathology (I.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical
School, 330 Brookline Ave, ANSIN 230, Boston, MA 02215; and Merck & Co,
Rahway, NJ (P.C.d.S.)
| | - Aaron K. Grant
- From the Departments of Radiology (Q.D., A.K.G., M.M., M.A., L.L.T.)
and Pathology (I.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical
School, 330 Brookline Ave, ANSIN 230, Boston, MA 02215; and Merck & Co,
Rahway, NJ (P.C.d.S.)
| | - Patricia Coutinto de Souza
- From the Departments of Radiology (Q.D., A.K.G., M.M., M.A., L.L.T.)
and Pathology (I.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical
School, 330 Brookline Ave, ANSIN 230, Boston, MA 02215; and Merck & Co,
Rahway, NJ (P.C.d.S.)
| | - Marwan Moussa
- From the Departments of Radiology (Q.D., A.K.G., M.M., M.A., L.L.T.)
and Pathology (I.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical
School, 330 Brookline Ave, ANSIN 230, Boston, MA 02215; and Merck & Co,
Rahway, NJ (P.C.d.S.)
| | - Imad Nasser
- From the Departments of Radiology (Q.D., A.K.G., M.M., M.A., L.L.T.)
and Pathology (I.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical
School, 330 Brookline Ave, ANSIN 230, Boston, MA 02215; and Merck & Co,
Rahway, NJ (P.C.d.S.)
| | - Muneeb Ahmed
- From the Departments of Radiology (Q.D., A.K.G., M.M., M.A., L.L.T.)
and Pathology (I.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical
School, 330 Brookline Ave, ANSIN 230, Boston, MA 02215; and Merck & Co,
Rahway, NJ (P.C.d.S.)
| | - Leo L. Tsai
- From the Departments of Radiology (Q.D., A.K.G., M.M., M.A., L.L.T.)
and Pathology (I.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical
School, 330 Brookline Ave, ANSIN 230, Boston, MA 02215; and Merck & Co,
Rahway, NJ (P.C.d.S.)
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Chong PSY, Chooi JY, Lim JSL, Leow ACY, Toh SHM, Azaman I, Koh MY, Teoh PJ, Tan TZ, Chung TH, Chng WJ. Histone Methyltransferase NSD2 Activates PKCα to Drive Metabolic Reprogramming and Lenalidomide Resistance in Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3414-3427. [PMID: 37463241 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma cells undergo metabolic reprogramming in response to the hypoxic and nutrient-deprived bone marrow microenvironment. Primary oncogenes in recurrent translocations might be able to drive metabolic heterogeneity to survive the microenvironment that can present new vulnerabilities for therapeutic targeting. t(4;14) translocation leads to the universal overexpression of histone methyltransferase NSD2 that promotes plasma cell transformation through a global increase in H3K36me2. Here, we identified PKCα as an epigenetic target that contributes to the oncogenic potential of NSD2. RNA sequencing of t(4;14) multiple myeloma cell lines revealed a significant enrichment in the regulation of metabolic processes by PKCα, and the glycolytic gene, hexokinase 2 (HK2), was transcriptionally regulated by PKCα in a PI3K/Akt-dependent manner. Loss of PKCα displaced mitochondria-bound HK2 and reversed sensitivity to the glycolytic inhibitor 3-bromopyruvate. In addition, the perturbation of glycolytic flux led to a metabolic shift to a less energetic state and decreased ATP production. Metabolomics analysis indicated lactate as a differential metabolite associated with PKCα. As a result, PKCα conferred resistance to the immunomodulatory drugs (IMiD) lenalidomide in a cereblon-independent manner and could be phenocopied by either overexpression of HK2 or direct supplementation of lactate. Clinically, t(4;14) patients had elevated plasma lactate levels and did not benefit from lenalidomide-based regimens. Altogether, this study provides insights into the epigenetic-metabolism cross-talk in multiple myeloma and highlights the opportunity for therapeutic intervention that leverages the distinct metabolic program in t(4;14) myeloma. SIGNIFICANCE Aberrant glycolysis driven by NSD2-mediated upregulation of PKCα can be therapeutically exploited using metabolic inhibitors with lactate as a biomarker to identify high-risk patients who exhibit poor response towards IMiD-based regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis S Y Chong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing-Yuan Chooi
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Julia S L Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aaron C Y Leow
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sabrina Hui Min Toh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Irfan Azaman
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mun Yee Koh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Phaik Ju Teoh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tae-Hoon Chung
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
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4
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Simanurak O, Pekthong D, Somran J, Wangteeraprasert A, Srikummool M, Kaewpaeng N, Parhira S, Srisawang P. Enhanced apoptosis of HCT116 colon cancer cells treated with extracts from Calotropis gigantea stem bark by starvation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18013. [PMID: 37483695 PMCID: PMC10362240 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Calotropis gigantea stem bark extract, particularly the dichloromethane fraction (CGDCM), demonstrated the most potent antiproliferative effects on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and colorectal HCT116 cells. The current study focused on enhancing the effectiveness of cancer treatment with CGDCM at concentrations close to the IC50 in HCT116 cells by reducing their nutrient supply. CGDCM (2, 4, and 8 μg/mL) treatment for 24 h under glucose conditions of 4.5 g/L without fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplementation or serum starvation (G+/F-), glucose 0 g/L with 10% FBS or glucose starvation (G-/F+), and glucose 0 g/L with 0% FBS or complete starvation (G-/F-) induced a greater antiproliferative effect in HCT116 cells than therapy in complete medium with glucose 4.5 g/L and 10% FBS (G+/F+). Nonetheless, the anticancer effect of CGDCM at 4 μg/mL under (G-/F-) showed the highest activity compared to other starvation conditions. The three starvation conditions showed a significant reduction in cell viability compared to the control (G+/F+) medium group, while the inhibitory effect on cell viability did not differ significantly among the three starvation conditions. CGDCM at 4 μg/mL in (G-/F-) medium triggered apoptosis by dissipating the mitochondrial membrane potential and arresting cells in the G2/M phase. This investigation demonstrated that a decrease in intracellular ATP and fatty acid levels was associated with enhanced apoptosis by treatment with CGDCM at 4 μg/mL under (G-/F-) conditions. In addition, under (G-/F-), CGDCM at 4 μg/mL increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and was suggested to primarily trigger apoptosis in HCT116 cells. Thus, C. gigantea extracts may be useful for the future development of alternative, effective cancer treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orakot Simanurak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Dumrongsak Pekthong
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Health and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Julintorn Somran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | | | - Metawee Srikummool
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Naphat Kaewpaeng
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Parhira
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Health and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Srisawang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
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5
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Zhao X, Fu L, Zou H, He Y, Pan Y, Ye L, Huang Y, Fan W, Zhang J, Ma Y, Chen J, Zhu M, Zhang C, Cai Y, Mou X. Optogenetic engineered umbilical cord MSC-derived exosomes for remodeling of the immune microenvironment in diabetic wounds and the promotion of tissue repair. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:176. [PMID: 37269014 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis and tissue repair in chronic non-healing diabetic wounds remain critical clinical problems. Engineered MSC-derived exosomes have significant potential for the promotion of wound healing. Here, we discuss the effects and mechanisms of eNOS-rich umbilical cord MSC exosomes (UCMSC-exo/eNOS) modified by genetic engineering and optogenetic techniques on diabetic chronic wound repair. METHODS Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were engineered to express two recombinant proteins. Large amounts of eNOS were loaded into UCMSC-exo using the EXPLOR system under blue light irradiation. The effects of UCMSC-exo/eNOS on the biological functions of fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells in vitro were evaluated. Full-thickness skin wounds were constructed on the backs of diabetic mice to assess the role of UCMSC-exo/eNOS in vascular neogenesis and the immune microenvironment, and to explore the related molecular mechanisms. RESULTS eNOS was substantially enriched in UCMSCs-exo by endogenous cellular activities under blue light irradiation. UCMSC-exo/eNOS significantly improved the biological functions of cells after high-glucose treatment and reduced the expression of inflammatory factors and apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. In vivo, UCMSC-exo/eNOS significantly improved the rate of wound closure and enhanced vascular neogenesis and matrix remodeling in diabetic mice. UCMSC-exo/eNOS also improved the inflammatory profile at the wound site and modulated the associated immune microenvironment, thus significantly promoting tissue repair. CONCLUSION This study provides a novel therapeutic strategy based on engineered stem cell-derived exosomes for the promotion of angiogenesis and tissue repair in chronic diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310059, China
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Luoqin Fu
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Hai Zou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yichen He
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yi Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Luyi Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310059, China
| | - Yilin Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310059, China
| | - Weijiao Fan
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jungang Zhang
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yingyu Ma
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jinyang Chen
- Zhejiang Healthfuture Biomedicine Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Mingang Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, the First People's Hospital of Jiashan, Jiaxing, 314100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Yu Cai
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310059, China.
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Xiaozhou Mou
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310059, China.
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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6
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Yang J, Dong C, Wu J, Liu D, Luo Q, Jin X. Fructose utilization enhanced by GLUT5 promotes lung cancer cell migration via activating glycolysis/AKT pathway. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:1080-1090. [PMID: 36454516 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-03015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortalities worldwide, and metastasis contributes to a large number of deaths in lung carcinoma patients. New approaches for anti-metastatic treatment are urgently needed. Enhanced fructose metabolism mediated by GLUT5 directly contributes to cancer metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated, which we aimed to explore in this study. METHODS The overexpression and knockdown of SLC2A5, the encoding gene of GLUT5, were established by retrovirus system and CRISPR/Cas9 technology, respectively. Cell migration was conducted by trans-well assay. Western blotting assay was carried out to detect the expression of GLUT5, total AKT, phosphorylated AKT (pAKT-S473 and pAKT-T308) and LDHA. Lactate production was measured by colorimetric assay. Experimental lung metastasis model by tail vein injection was constructed to evaluate the metastatic potential of GLUT5 in vivo. RESULTS Overexpression of SLC2A5 promoted migration of lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, and shortened the overall survival of mice. While, SLC2A5 deletion blocked the migration of lung cancer cells. GLUT5-mediated fructose utilization upregulated phosphorylated AKT, which was responsible for enhanced migration of lung cancer cells. Additionally, GLUT5-mediated fructose utilization boosted glycolysis with overproduction of lactate, resulting in upregulation of phosphorylated AKT. Moreover, lung cancer cell migration and AKT activation were restrained by glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) or GLUT5-specific inhibitor 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol (2,5-AM). CONCLUSION Our study unveils glycolysis/lactate/AKT pathway is responsible for lung cancer cell migration induced by GLUT5-mediated fructose metabolism, providing a potential therapeutic avenue for lung cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Changsheng Dong
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qin Luo
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xing Jin
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Chen L, Lin X, Lei Y, Xu X, Zhou Q, Chen Y, Liu H, Jiang J, Yang Y, Zheng F, Wu B. Aerobic glycolysis enhances HBx-initiated hepatocellular carcinogenesis via NF-κBp65/HK2 signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:329. [PMID: 36411480 PMCID: PMC9677649 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02531-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerobic glycolysis has been recognized as one of the growth-promoting metabolic alterations of cancer cells. Emerging evidence indicates that nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) plays significant roles in metabolic adaptation in normal cells and cancer cells. However, whether and how NF-κB regulates metabolic reprogramming in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), specifically hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx)-initiated HCC, has not been determined. METHODS A dataset of the HCC cohort from the TCGA database was used to analyse the expression of NF-κB family members. Expression of NF-κBp65 and phosphorylation of NF-κBp65 (p-p65) were detected in liver tissues from HBV-related HCC patients and normal controls. A newly established HBx+/+/NF-κBp65f/f and HBx+/+/NF-κBp65Δhepa spontaneous HCC mouse model was used to investigate the effects of NF-κBp65 on HBx-initiated hepatocarcinogenesis. Whether and how NF-κBp65 is involved in aerobic glycolysis induced by HBx in hepatocellular carcinogenesis were analysed in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS NF-κBp65 was upregulated in HBV-related HCC, and HBx induced NF-κBp65 upregulation and phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro. Hepatocyte-specific NF-κBp65 deficiency remarkably decreased HBx-initiated spontaneous HCC incidence in HBx-TG mice. Mechanistically, HBx induced aerobic glycolysis by activating NF-κBp65/hexokinase 2 (HK2) signalling in spontaneous hepatocarcinogenesis, and overproduced lactate significantly promoted HCC cell pernicious proliferation via the PI3K (phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase)/Akt pathway in hepatocarcinogenesis. CONCLUSION The data elucidate that NF-κBp65 plays a pivotal role in HBx-initiated spontaneous HCC, which depends on hyperactive NF-κBp65/HK2-mediated aerobic glycolysis to activate PI3K/Akt signalling. Thus, phosphorylation of NF-κBp65 will be a potential therapeutic target for HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Chen
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong Province China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong Province China
| | - Xianyi Lin
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong Province China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong Province China
| | - Yiming Lei
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong Province China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong Province China
| | - Xuan Xu
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong Province China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong Province China
| | - Qi Zhou
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong Province China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong Province China
| | - Yan Chen
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong Province China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong Province China
| | - Huiling Liu
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong Province China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong Province China
| | - Jie Jiang
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong Province China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong Province China
| | - Yidong Yang
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong Province China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong Province China
| | - Fengping Zheng
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong Province China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong Province China
| | - Bin Wu
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong Province China ,grid.484195.5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630 Guangdong Province China
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Memon B, Elsayed AK, Bettahi I, Suleiman N, Younis I, Wehedy E, Abou-Samra AB, Abdelalim EM. iPSCs derived from insulin resistant offspring of type 2 diabetic patients show increased oxidative stress and lactate secretion. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:428. [PMID: 35987697 PMCID: PMC9392338 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The genetic factors associated with insulin resistance (IR) are not well understood. Clinical studies on first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients, which have the highest genetic predisposition to T2D, have given insights into the role of IR in T2D pathogenesis. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are excellent tools for disease modeling as they can retain the genetic imprint of the disease. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the genetic perturbations associated with insulin resistance (IR) in the offspring of T2D parents using patient-specific iPSCs.
Methods
We generated iPSCs from IR individuals (IR-iPSCs) that were offspring of T2D parents as well as from insulin-sensitive (IS-iPSCs) individuals. We then performed transcriptomics to identify key dysregulated gene networks in the IR-iPSCs in comparison to IS-iPSCs and functionally validated them.
Results
Transcriptomics on IR-iPSCs revealed dysregulated gene networks and biological processes indicating that they carry the genetic defects associated with IR that may lead to T2D. The IR-iPSCs had increased lactate secretion and a higher phosphorylation of AKT upon stimulation with insulin. IR-iPSCs have increased cellular oxidative stress indicated by a high production of reactive oxygen species and higher susceptibility to H2O2 -induced apoptosis.
Conclusions
IR-iPSCs generated from offspring of diabetic patients confirm that oxidative stress and increased lactate secretion, associated with IR, are inherited in this population, and may place them at a high risk of T2D. Overall, our IR-iPSC model can be employed for T2D modeling and drug screening studies that target genetic perturbations associated with IR in individuals with a high risk for T2D.
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Ghosh C, Myers R, O'Connor C, Williams S, Liu X, Hossain M, Nemeth M, Najm IM. Cortical Dysplasia in Rats Provokes Neurovascular Alterations, GLUT1 Dysfunction, and Metabolic Disturbances That Are Sustained Post-Seizure Induction. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2389-2406. [PMID: 35084654 PMCID: PMC9018620 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in patients with difficult-to-treat epilepsy. However, the underlying cellular and molecular factors in cortical dysplasia (CD) associated with progressive neurovascular challenges during the pro-epileptic phase, post-seizure, and during epileptogenesis remain unclear. We studied the BBB function in a rat model of congenital (in utero radiation-induced, first hit) CD and longitudinally examined the cortical brain tissues at baseline and the progressive neurovascular alterations, glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) expression, and glucose metabolic activity at 2, 15, and 30 days following a second hit using pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure. Our study revealed through immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical analysis that (1) altered vascular density and prolongation of BBB albumin leakages in CD rats continued through 30 days post-seizure; (2) CD brain tissues showed elevated matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels at 2 days post-seizure and microglial overactivation through 30 days post-seizure; (3) BBB tight junction protein and GLUT1 levels were decreased and neuronal monocarboxylate transporter-2 (MCT2) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) levels were increased in the CD rat brain: (4) ATPase activity is elevated and a low glucose/high lactate imbalance exists in CD rats; and (5) the mTOR pathway is activated and MCT2 levels are elevated in the presence of high lactate during glucose starvation in vitro. Together, this study suggests that BBB dysfunction, including decreased GLUT1 expression and metabolic disturbance, may contribute to epileptogenesis in this CD rat model through multiple mechanisms that could be translated to FCD therapy in medically refractory epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitali Ghosh
- Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Rosemary Myers
- Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Christina O'Connor
- Charles Shor Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sherice Williams
- Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mohammed Hossain
- Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Michael Nemeth
- Charles Shor Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Imad M Najm
- Charles Shor Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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10
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Panax notoginseng saponins induce apoptosis in retinoblastoma Y79 cells via the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Exp Eye Res 2022; 216:108954. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Sun C, Shen H, Cai H, Zhao Z, Gan G, Feng S, Chu P, Zeng M, Deng J, Ming F, Ma M, Jia J, He R, Cao D, Chen Z, Li J, Zhang L. Intestinal guard: Human CXCL17 modulates protective response against mycotoxins and CXCL17-mimetic peptides development. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114586. [PMID: 33932472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination is an ongoing and growing issue that can create health risks and even cause death. Unfortunately, there is currently a lack of specific therapy against mycotoxins with few side effects. On the other hand, the strategic expression of CXCL17 in mucosal tissues suggests that it may be involved in immune response when exposed to mycotoxins, but the exact role of CXCL17 remains largely unknown. Using Caco-2 as a cell model of the intestinal epithelial barrier (the first line of defense against mycotoxins), we showed that a strong production of ROS-dependent CXCL17 was triggered by mycotoxins via p38 and JNK pathways. Under the mycotoxins stress, CXCL17 modulated enhanced immuno-protective response with a remission of inflammation and apoptosis through PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Based on our observed feedback of CXCL17 to the mycotoxins, we developed the CXCL17-mimetic peptides in silico (CX1 and CX2) that possessed the safety and the capability to ameliorate mycotoxins-inducible inflammation and apoptosis. In this study, the identification of detoxifying feature of CXCL17 is a prominent addition to the chemokine field, pointing out a new direction for curing the mycotoxins-caused damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongjun Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Haokun Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Haiming Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Zengjue Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Guanhua Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Saixiang Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Pinpin Chu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jinbo Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Feiping Ming
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Miaopeng Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Junhao Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Rongxiao He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Ding Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Zhiyang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Linghua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
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12
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Go S, Kramer TT, Verhoeven AJ, Oude Elferink RPJ, Chang JC. The extracellular lactate-to-pyruvate ratio modulates the sensitivity to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via the cytosolic NADH/NAD + redox state. Apoptosis 2020; 26:38-51. [PMID: 33230593 PMCID: PMC7902596 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The advantages of the Warburg effect on tumor growth and progression are well recognized. However, the relevance of the Warburg effect for the inherent resistance to apoptosis of cancer cells has received much less attention. Here, we show here that the Warburg effect modulates the extracellular lactate-to-pyruvate ratio, which profoundly regulates the sensitivity towards apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in several cell lines. To induce oxidative stress, we used the rapid apoptosis inducer Raptinal. We observed that medium conditioned by HepG2 cells has a high lactate-to-pyruvate ratio and confers resistance to Raptinal-induced apoptosis. In addition, imposing a high extracellular lactate-to-pyruvate ratio in media reduces the cytosolic NADH/NAD+ redox state and protects against Raptinal-induced apoptosis. Conversely, a low extracellular lactate-to-pyruvate ratio oxidizes the cytosolic NADH/NAD+ redox state and sensitizes HepG2 cells to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, a high extracellular lactate-to-pyruvate ratio decreases the activation of JNK and Bax under oxidative stress, thereby inhibiting the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Our observations demonstrate that the Warburg effect of cancer cells generates an anti-apoptotic extracellular environment by elevating the extracellular lactate-to-pyruvate ratio which desensitizes cancer cells towards apoptotic insults. Consequently, our study suggests that the Warburg effect can be targeted to reverse the lactate-to-pyruvate ratios in the tumor microenvironment and thereby re-sensitize cancer cells to oxidative stress-inducing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simei Go
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism (AG&M) Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thorquil T Kramer
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism (AG&M) Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur J Verhoeven
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism (AG&M) Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P J Oude Elferink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism (AG&M) Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jung-Chin Chang
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism (AG&M) Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Xu J, Zheng Y, Lv S, Kang J, Yu Y, Hou K, Li Y, Chi G. Lactate Promotes Reactive Astrogliosis and Confers Axon Guidance Potential to Astrocytes under Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation. Neuroscience 2020; 442:54-68. [PMID: 32634533 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During cerebral ischemia, brain lactate concentration increases, and astrogliosis is triggered. Herein, we investigated lactate's role in astrogliosis and explored the functions of lactate-activated astrocytes in vitro. In rat models of cerebral ischemia, we observed increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, reflecting astrogliosis, and increased lactate levels in the ischemic brain region. Lactate upregulated GFAP and SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) expression and activated Akt and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathways in astrocytes cultured under oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD); these effects were abrogated upon monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) knockdown. RNA-Seq analysis revealed 221 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between lactate-treated and untreated astrocytes. Genes upregulated by lactate treatment included those regulating astrogliosis and axon guidance. Consistently, lactate-treated astrocytes induced neuronal outgrowth upon coculture. Our results suggest that lactate promotes reactive astrogliosis and confers axon guidance potential to astrocytes under OGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China
| | - Yangyang Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China
| | - Shuang Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Kang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China
| | - Yifei Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China
| | - Kun Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China
| | - Yulin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China.
| | - Guangfan Chi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China.
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14
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Barnes EME, Xu Y, Benito A, Herendi L, Siskos AP, Aboagye EO, Nijhuis A, Keun HC. Lactic acidosis induces resistance to the pan-Akt inhibitor uprosertib in colon cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:1298-1308. [PMID: 32152504 PMCID: PMC7188671 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Akt signalling regulates glycolysis and drives the Warburg effect in cancer, thus decreased glucose utilisation is a pharmacodynamic marker of Akt inhibition. However, cancer cells can utilise alternative nutrients to glucose for energy such as lactate, which is often elevated in tumours together with increased acidity. We therefore hypothesised that lactic acidosis may confer resistance to Akt inhibition. METHODS The effect of the pan-Akt inhibitor uprosertib (GSK2141795), on HCT116 and LS174T colon cancer cells was evaluated in the presence and absence of lactic acid in vitro. Expression of downstream Akt signalling proteins was determined using a phosphokinase array and immunoblotting. Metabolism was assessed using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, stable isotope labelling and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Lactic acid-induced resistance to uprosertib was characterised by increased cell survival and reduced apoptosis. Uprosertib treatment reduced Akt signalling and glucose uptake irrespective of lactic acid supplementation. However, incorporation of lactate carbon and enhanced respiration was maintained in the presence of uprosertib and lactic acid. Inhibiting lactate transport or oxidative phosphorylation was sufficient to potentiate apoptosis in the presence of uprosertib. CONCLUSIONS Lactic acidosis confers resistance to uprosertib, which can be reversed by inhibiting lactate transport or oxidative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M E Barnes
- Cancer Metabolism & Systems Toxicology Group, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Yitao Xu
- Cancer Metabolism & Systems Toxicology Group, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Adrian Benito
- Cancer Metabolism & Systems Toxicology Group, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lili Herendi
- Cancer Metabolism & Systems Toxicology Group, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alexandros P Siskos
- Cancer Metabolism & Systems Toxicology Group, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Cancer Imaging Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Anke Nijhuis
- Cancer Metabolism & Systems Toxicology Group, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Hector C Keun
- Cancer Metabolism & Systems Toxicology Group, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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15
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High-Dose Dexamethasone Manipulates the Tumor Microenvironment and Internal Metabolic Pathways in Anti-Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051846. [PMID: 32156004 PMCID: PMC7084511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose dexamethasone (DEX) is used to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting or to control immunotherapy-related autoimmune diseases in clinical practice. However, the underlying mechanisms of high-dose DEX in tumor progression remain unaddressed. Therefore, we explored the effects of high-dose DEX on tumor progression and the potential mechanisms of its anti-tumor function using immunohistochemistry, histological examination, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), and Western blotting. Tumor volume, blood vessel invasion, and levels of the cell proliferation markers Ki67 and c-Myc and the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl2 decreased in response to high-dose DEX. However, the cell apoptosis marker cleaved caspase 3 increased significantly in mice treated with 50 mg/kg DEX compared with controls. Some genes associated with immune responses were significantly downregulated following treatment with 50 mg/kg DEX e.g., Cxcl9, Cxcl10, Cd3e, Gzmb, Ifng, Foxp3, S100a9, Arg1, and Mrc1. In contrast, the M1-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) activation marker Nos2 was shown to be increased. Moreover, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ (Pparα and Pparg, respectively) was shown to be significantly upregulated in livers or tumors treated with DEX. However, high-dose DEX treatment decreased the expression of glucose and lipid metabolic pathway-related genes such as glycolysis-associated genes (Glut1, Hk2, Pgk1, Idh3a), triglyceride (TG) synthesis genes (Gpam, Agpat2, Dgat1), exogenous free fatty acid (FFA) uptake-related genes (Fabp1, Slc27a4, and CD36), and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) genes (Acadm, Acaa1, Cpt1a, Pnpla2). In addition, increased serum glucose and decreased serum TG and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) were observed in DEX treated-xenografted tumor mice. These findings indicate that high-dose DEX-inhibited tumor progression is a complicated process, not only activated by M1-like TAMs, but also decreased by the uptake and consumption of glucose and lipids that block the raw material and energy supply of cancer cells. Activated M1-like TAMs and inefficient glucose and lipid metabolism delayed tumor cell growth and promoted apoptosis. These findings have important implications for the application of DEX combined with drugs that target key metabolism pathways for tumor therapy in clinical practice.
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16
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Role of the PI3K/AKT (mTOR and GSK3β) signalling pathway and photobiomodulation in diabetic wound healing. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 50:52-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Snezhkina AV, Lukyanova EN, Zaretsky AR, Kalinin DV, Pokrovsky AV, Golovyuk AL, Krasnov GS, Fedorova MS, Pudova EA, Kharitonov SL, Melnikova NV, Alekseev BY, Kiseleva MV, Kaprin AD, Dmitriev AA, Kudryavtseva AV. Novel potential causative genes in carotid paragangliomas. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:48. [PMID: 30967136 PMCID: PMC6454587 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Carotid paragangliomas (CPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that arise from the paraganglion at the bifurcation of the carotid artery and are responsible for approximately 65% of all head and neck paragangliomas. CPGLs can occur sporadically or along with different hereditary tumor syndromes. Approximately 30 genes are known to be associated with CPGLs. However, the genetic basis behind the development of these tumors is not fully elucidated, and the molecular mechanisms underlying CPGL pathogenesis remain unclear. Methods Whole exome and transcriptome high-throughput sequencing of CPGLs was performed on an Illumina platform. Exome libraries were prepared using a Nextera Rapid Capture Exome Kit (Illumina) and were sequenced under 75 bp paired-end model. For cDNA library preparation, a TruSeq Stranded Total RNA Library Prep Kit with Ribo-Zero Gold (Illumina) was used; transcriptome sequencing was carried out with 100 bp paired-end read length. Obtained data were analyzed using xseq which estimates the influence of mutations on gene expression profiles allowing to identify potential causative genes. Results We identified a total of 16 candidate genes (MYH15, CSP1, MYH3, PTGES3L, CSGALNACT2, NMD3, IFI44, GMCL1, LSP1, PPFIBP2, RBL2, MAGED1, CNIH3, STRA6, SLC6A13, and ATM) whose variants potentially influence their expression (cis-effect). The strongest cis-effect of loss-of-function variants was found in MYH15, CSP1, and MYH3, and several likely pathogenic variants in these genes associated with CPGLs were predicted. Conclusions Using the xseq probabilistic model, three novel potential causative genes, namely MYH15, CSP1, and MYH3, were identified in carotid paragangliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena N Lukyanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrew R Zaretsky
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Kalinin
- Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Pokrovsky
- Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L Golovyuk
- Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - George S Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria S Fedorova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Pudova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey L Kharitonov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya V Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Y Alekseev
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V Kiseleva
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey D Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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18
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Kang M, Lee SM, Kim W, Lee KH, Kim DY. Fubp1 supports the lactate-Akt-mTOR axis through the upregulation of Hk1 and Hk2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:93-99. [PMID: 30871777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cells require energy for homeostatic activities, growth and division. By utilizing glucose as the main energy source, cells generate ATP and metabolic precursors through glycolysis and citric acid cycle. Although the oxidative phosphorylation can produce more ATP molecules from one molecule of glucose than glycolysis, rapidly growing cells primarily metabolize glucose via aerobic glycolysis. This aerobic glycolysis makes cells to uptake glucose at a higher rate and to efficiently convert glucose into the macromolecules required for new daughter cells. Recent evidence suggests that Fubp1 promotes cell proliferation and survival, and it is overexpressed in a variety of cancers. However, the role of Fubp1 in cellular metabolism remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that Fubp1 upregulates the mRNA levels of two hexokinase genes, Hk1 and Hk2. We also found the positive correlation in mRNA expression between Fubp1 and both of hexokinase genes in several types of cancers. We suggest that Fubp1 contributes to cell survival through supporting lactate-Akt-mTOR axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanil Kim
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ha Lee
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea; Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Yu Y, Cui J. Present and future of cancer immunotherapy: A tumor microenvironmental perspective. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4105-4113. [PMID: 30214551 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the tumor microenvironment is becoming an increasingly popular research topic in the field of immunotherapy, and studies regarding immune checkpoint blockades and cancer immunotherapy have pushed cancer immunotherapy to a climax. Simultaneously, the manipulation of the immune regulatory pathway can create an effective immunotherapy strategy; however, the tumor microenvironment serves an important role in suppressing the antitumor immunity by its significant heterogeneity. A number of patients with cancer do not have a good response to monotherapy approaches; therefore, combination strategies are required to achieve optimal therapeutic benefits. Targeting the tumor microenvironment may provide a novel strategy for immunotherapy, break down the resistance of conventional cancer therapy and produce the foundation for personalized precision medicine. The present review summarized the research regarding cancer immunotherapy from the perspective of how the tumor microenvironment affects the immune response, with the aim of proposing a novel strategy for cancer immunotherapy and combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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20
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Role of JMJD2B in colon cancer cell survival under glucose-deprived conditions and the underlying mechanisms. Oncogene 2017; 37:389-402. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Zhao T, Wang H, Ma H, Wang H, Chen B, Deng Y. Starvation after Cobalt-60 γ-Ray Radiation Enhances Metastasis in U251 Glioma Cells by Regulating the Transcription Factor SP1. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:386. [PMID: 27058528 PMCID: PMC4848883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation is of clinical importance during glioma therapy; however, vasculature damage is observed over the treatment course. This type of tissue damage might lead to starvation conditions, affecting tumor metastasis. To test this possibility, we compared starvation conditions in conjunction with radiation treatment to monitor metastatic ability in the U251 glioma cell line. Transcriptome, western blot, and immunofluorescence analyses were used to measure the RNA and protein expression changes of the U251 cells after various treatments. We found that starvation combined with radiation treatment yielded the most significant expression changes in metastasis-related factors compared to that in the control groups. In addition, a metastasis assay was used to directly measure the metastatic ability of the treated cells, which confirmed that the U251 cells treated with starvation combined with radiation possessed the highest metastatic ability. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that SP1 represented a common transcription factor associated with changes in metastasis-related factors. Blocking SP1 activity by an inhibitor suppressed the starvation-plus-radiation treatment-mediated enhancement of U251 cell metastasis. Our study provides the first evidence that starvation caused by radiation might play a significant role in enhancing the ability of the glioma cell line U251 to metastasize via regulation of the transcription factor SP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Zhao
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hong Ma
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Bo Chen
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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