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Pu W, Ma C, Wang B, Zhu W, Chen H. The "Heater" of "Cold" Tumors-Blocking IL-6. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024:e2300587. [PMID: 38773937 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
The resolution of inflammation is not simply the end of the inflammatory response but rather a complex process that involves various cells, inflammatory factors, and specialized proresolving mediators following the occurrence of inflammation. Once inflammation cannot be cleared by the body, malignant tumors may be induced. Among them, IL-6, as an immunosuppressive factor, activates a variety of signal transduction pathways and induces tumorigenesis. Monitoring IL-6 can be used for the diagnosis, efficacy evaluation and prognosis of tumor patients. In terms of treatment, improving the efficacy of targeted and immunotherapy remains a major challenge. Blocking IL-6 and its mediated signaling pathways can regulate the tumor immune microenvironment and enhance immunotherapy responses by activating immune cells. Even transform "cold" tumors that are difficult to respond to immunotherapy into immunogenic "hot" tumors, acting as a "heater" for "cold" tumors, restarting the tumor immune cycle, and reducing immunotherapy-related toxic reactions and drug resistance. In clinical practice, the combined application of IL-6 inhibition with targeted therapy and immunotherapy may produce synergistic results. Nevertheless, additional clinical trials are imperative to further validate the safety and efficacy of this therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigao Pu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Department of Tumour Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Chenhui Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Department of Tumour Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Bofang Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Department of Tumour Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Weidong Zhu
- General Surgery Department of Lintao County People's Hospital in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Hao Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Department of Tumour Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Oncology, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
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2
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Yu L, Xu L, Chen Y, Rong Y, Zou Y, Ge S, Wu T, Lai Y, Xu Q, Guo W, Liu W. IDO1 Inhibition Promotes Activation of Tumor-intrinsic STAT3 Pathway and Induces Adverse Tumor-protective Effects. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1232-1243. [PMID: 38391297 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of IDO1 exhibits great promise as a strategy in cancer therapy. However, the failure of phase III clinical trials has raised the pressing need to understand the underlying reasons for this outcome. To gain comprehensive insights into the reasons behind the clinical failure of IDO1 inhibitors, it is essential to investigate the entire tumor microenvironment rather than focusing solely on individual cells or relying on knockout techniques. In this study, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing to determine the overall response to apo-IDO1 inhibitor administration. Interestingly, although apo-IDO1 inhibitors were found to significantly activate intratumoral immune cells (mouse colon cancer cell CT26 transplanted in BALB/C mice), such as T cells, macrophages, and NK cells, they also stimulated the infiltration of M2 macrophages. Moreover, these inhibitors prompted monocytes and macrophages to secrete elevated levels of IL-6, which in turn activated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in tumor cells. Consequently, this activation enables tumor cells to survive even in the face of heightened immune activity. These findings underscore the unforeseen adverse effects of apo-IDO1 inhibitors on tumor cells and highlight the potential of combining IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 inhibitors with apo-IDO1 inhibitors to improve their clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Rehabilitation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yicheng Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shushan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiancong Wu
- Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yisheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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3
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GE WEN, LI YA, RUAN YUTING, WU NINGXIA, MA PEI, XU TONGPENG, SHU YONGQIAN, WANG YINGWEI, QIU WEN, ZHAO CHENHUI. IL-17 induces NSCLC cell migration and invasion by elevating MMP19 gene transcription and expression through the interaction of p300-dependent STAT3-K631 acetylation and its Y705-phosphorylation. Oncol Res 2024; 32:625-641. [PMID: 38560562 PMCID: PMC10972722 DOI: 10.32604/or.2023.031053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The cancer cell metastasis is a major death reason for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although researchers have disclosed that interleukin 17 (IL-17) can increase matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) induction causing NSCLC cell metastasis, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the study, we found that IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA), p300, p-STAT3, Ack-STAT3, and MMP19 were up-regulated both in NSCLC tissues and NSCLC cells stimulated with IL-17. p300, STAT3 and MMP19 overexpression or knockdown could raise or reduce IL-17-induced p-STAT3, Ack-STAT3 and MMP19 level as well as the cell migration and invasion. Mechanism investigation revealed that STAT3 and p300 bound to the same region (-544 to -389 nt) of MMP19 promoter, and p300 could acetylate STAT3-K631 elevating STAT3 transcriptional activity, p-STAT3 or MMP19 expression and the cell mobility exposed to IL-17. Meanwhile, p300-mediated STAT3-K631 acetylation and its Y705-phosphorylation could interact, synergistically facilitating MMP19 gene transcription and enhancing cell migration and invasion. Besides, the animal experiments exhibited that the nude mice inoculated with NSCLC cells by silencing p300, STAT3 or MMP19 gene plus IL-17 treatment, the nodule number, and MMP19, Ack-STAT3, or p-STAT3 production in the lung metastatic nodules were all alleviated. Collectively, these outcomes uncover that IL-17-triggered NSCLC metastasis involves up-regulating MMP19 expression via the interaction of STAT3-K631 acetylation by p300 and its Y705-phosphorylation, which provides a new mechanistic insight and potential strategy for NSCLC metastasis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- WEN GE
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - YA LI
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - YUTING RUAN
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - NINGXIA WU
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - PEI MA
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - TONGPENG XU
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - YONGQIAN SHU
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - YINGWEI WANG
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - WEN QIU
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
- Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - CHENHUI ZHAO
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
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4
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Huang W, Liu W, Yu T, Zhang Z, Zhai L, Huang P, Lu Y. Effect of anti-COVID-19 drugs on patients with cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116214. [PMID: 38367490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The clinical treatment of patients with cancer who are also diagnosed with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been a challenging issue since the outbreak of COVID-19. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the effects of commonly used drugs for treating COVID-19 in patients with cancer. Hence, this review aims to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of patients with cancer to minimize the losses caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we also focused on the relationship between COVID-19, commonly used drugs for treating COVID-19, and cancer. We specifically investigated the effect of these drugs on tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. The potential mechanisms of action of these drugs were discussed and evaluated. We found that most of these drugs showed inhibitory effects on tumors, and only in a few cases had cancer-promoting effects. Furthermore, inappropriate usage of these drugs may lead to irreversible kidney and heart damage. Finally, we have clarified the use of different drugs, which can provide useful guidance for the clinical treatment of cancer patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicai Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Lingyun Zhai
- Gynecology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Panpan Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China.
| | - Yao Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China.
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5
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Cheng K, Jia Q, Batbatan C, Guo Z, Cheng F. TRPM2-L Participates in the Interleukin-6 Pathway to Enhance Tumor Growth in Prostate Cancer by Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:495-511. [PMID: 37906101 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) can promote cell proliferation in prostate cancer (PCa). Full-length transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2-L) is highly expressed in PCa. However, the association between IL-6 and TRPM2-L in PCa is unclear. Here, human PCa cell lines, PC-3 and DU-145, were treated with 10 μg/mL tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) inhibitor, and the TRPM2-L protein expression in cells was significantly decreased. Cells were stably transfected with TRPM2 short-interfering RNA (siRNA) and cell survival clearly declined. Recombinant IL-6 treatment weakened the effects of TRPM2-siRNA on cell survival. TRPM2-L binds directly to IL-6R in PC-3 and DU-145 cells. The protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α was suppressed by reduction with TRPM2-L in PC-3 and DU-145 cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were indirectly cocultured with PCa cells, and the invasion and angiogenic activity of HUVECs were enhanced after coculture with PCa cells. However, TRPM2-L reduction in PCa cells significantly decreased the invasion and angiogenic activity of HUVECs compared to the control coculture. In vivo, xenograft tumors were induced using PC-3 cells. Tocilizumab treatment or TRPM2-L reduction clearly suppressed tumor growth. Meanwhile, the injection of mouse recombinant IL-6 weakened the antitumor effects of TRPM2-L reduction. These data demonstrate that the IL-6/TRPM2-L axis in PCa tumor growth is important, and interference of the IL-6/TRPM2-L axis may be a novel approach for PCa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cheng
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Philippines
- School of Pharmacy (School of Wine), Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Jia
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Christopher Batbatan
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Philippines
| | - Zhihua Guo
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fengtao Cheng
- Department of Urology, Binzhou Central Hospital, Binzhou, China
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6
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Kaewbandit N, Malla A, Boonyayothin W, Rattanapisit K, Phetphoung T, Pisuttinusart N, Strasser R, Saetung R, Tawinwung S, Phoolcharoen W. Effect of plant produced Anti-hIL-6 receptor antibody blockade on pSTAT3 expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11927. [PMID: 37488213 PMCID: PMC10366097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As a response to invasion by pathogens, the secretion of interleukin 6 (IL-6) which is a cytokine, activates IL-6/JAKs/STAT3 intracellular signaling via., phosphorylation. Over expression of pSTAT3 induces IL-6 positive feedback loop causing cytokine release syndrome or cytokine storm. Plants have gained momentum as an alternative expression system. Hence, this study aims to produce mAb targeting human IL-6 receptor (hIL-6R) in Nicotiana benthamiana for down regulating its cellular signaling thus, decreasing the expression of pSTAT3. The variable regions of heavy and light chains of anti-hIL-6R mAb were constructed in pBYK2e geminiviral plant expression vector and transiently co-expressed in N. benthamiana. The results demonstrate the proper protein assembly of anti-hIL-6R mAb with highest expression level of 2.24 mg/g FW at 5 dpi, with a yield of 21.4 µg/g FW after purification. The purity and N-glycosylation of plant produced antibody was analyzed, including its specificity to human IL-6 receptor by ELISA. Additionally, we investigated the effect to pSTAT3 expression in human PBMC's by flow cytometry wherein, the results confirmed lower expression of pSTAT3 with increasing concentrations of plant produced anti-hIL-6R mAb. Although, further in vivo studies are key to unveil the absolute functionality of anti-hIL-6R, we hereby show the potential of the plant platform and its suitability for the production of this therapeutic antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namthip Kaewbandit
- Center of Excellence in Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Wanuttha Boonyayothin
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Thareeya Phetphoung
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuttapat Pisuttinusart
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rattana Saetung
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Supannikar Tawinwung
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Cellular Immunotherapy Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Waranyoo Phoolcharoen
- Center of Excellence in Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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7
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Standing D, Feess E, Kodiyalam S, Kuehn M, Hamel Z, Johnson J, Thomas SM, Anant S. The Role of STATs in Ovarian Cancer: Exploring Their Potential for Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092485. [PMID: 37173951 PMCID: PMC10177275 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is a deadly gynecologic malignancy that presents many clinical challenges due to late-stage diagnoses and the development of acquired resistance to standard-of-care treatment protocols. There is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that STATs may play a critical role in OvCa progression, resistance, and disease recurrence, and thus we sought to compile a comprehensive review to summarize the current state of knowledge on the topic. We have examined peer reviewed literature to delineate the role of STATs in both cancer cells and cells within the tumor microenvironment. In addition to summarizing the current knowledge of STAT biology in OvCa, we have also examined the capacity of small molecule inhibitor development to target specific STATs and progress toward clinical applications. From our research, the best studied and targeted factors are STAT3 and STAT5, which has resulted in the development of several inhibitors that are under current evaluation in clinical trials. There remain gaps in understanding the role of STAT1, STAT2, STAT4, and STAT6, due to limited reports in the current literature; as such, further studies to establish their implications in OvCa are necessitated. Moreover, due to the deficiency in our understanding of these STATs, selective inhibitors also remain elusive, and therefore present opportunities for discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Standing
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Emma Feess
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Satvik Kodiyalam
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Michael Kuehn
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Zachary Hamel
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Jaimie Johnson
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Sufi Mary Thomas
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
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Huang YH, Chen HK, Hsu YF, Chen HC, Chuang CH, Huang SW, Hsu MJ. Src-FAK Signaling Mediates Interleukin 6-Induced HCT116 Colorectal Cancer Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076650. [PMID: 37047623 PMCID: PMC10095449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies, affecting approximately 900,000 individuals each year worldwide. Patients with colorectal cancer are found with elevated serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), which is associated with advanced tumor grades and is related to their poor survival outcomes. Although IL-6 is recognized as a potent inducer of colorectal cancer progression, the detail mechanisms underlying IL-6-induced colorectal cancer epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), one of the major process of tumor metastasis, remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the regulatory role of IL-6 signaling in colorectal cancer EMT using HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells. We noted that the expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin was reduced in HCT116 cells exposed to IL-6, along with the increase in a set of mesenchymal cell markers including vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), as well as EMT transcription regulators—twist, snail and slug. The changes of EMT phenotype were related to the activation of Src, FAK, ERK1/2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), as well as transcription factors STAT3, κB and C/EBPβ. IL-6 treatment has promoted the recruitment of STAT3, κB and C/EBPβ toward the Twist promoter region. Furthermore, the Src-FAK signaling blockade resulted in the decline of IL-6 induced activation of ERK1/2, p38MAPK, κB, C/EBPβ and STAT3, as well as the decreasing mesenchymal state of HCT116 cells. These results suggested that IL-6 activates the Src-FAK-ERK/p38MAPK signaling cascade to cause the EMT of colorectal cancer cells. Pharmacological approaches targeting Src-FAK signaling may provide potential therapeutic strategies for rescuing colorectal cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Huang
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Han-Kun Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fen Hsu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Landseed Hospital, Taoyuan 324, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hui Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Wen Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Research Center of Thoracic Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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9
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Sadrkhanloo M, Paskeh MDA, Hashemi M, Raesi R, Motahhary M, Saghari S, Sharifi L, Bokaie S, Mirzaei S, Entezari M, Aref AR, Salimimoghadam S, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Hushmandi K. STAT3 signaling in prostate cancer progression and therapy resistance: An oncogenic pathway with diverse functions. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114168. [PMID: 36916439 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The categorization of cancers demonstrates that prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men and it causes high death annually. Prostate cancer patients are diagnosed mainly via biomarkers such as PSA test and patients show poor prognosis. Prostate cancer cells rapidly diffuse into different parts of body and their metastasis is also a reason for death. Current therapies for prostate cancer patients include chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy as well as targeted therapy. The progression of prostate cancer cells is regulated by different factors that STAT3 signaling is among them. Growth factors and cytokines such as IL-6 can induce STAT3 signaling and it shows carcinogenic impact. Activation of STAT3 signaling occurs in prostate cancer and it promotes malignant behavior of tumor cells. Induction of STAT3 signaling increases glycolysis and proliferation of prostate cancer cells and prevents apoptosis. Furthermore, STAT3 signaling induces EMT mechanism in increasing cancer metastasis. Activation of STAT3 signaling stimulates drug resistance and the limitation of current works is lack of experiment related to role of STAT3 signaling in radio-resistance in prostate tumor. Calcitriol, capsazepine and β-elemonic are among the compounds capable of targeting STAT3 signaling and its inhibition in prostate cancer therapy. In addition to natural products, small molecules targeting STAT3 signaling have been developed in prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdokht Sadrkhanloo
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Raesi
- Department of Health Services Management, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Sam Saghari
- Department of Health Services Management, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laleh Sharifi
- Uro-oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Bokaie
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc., 6, Tide Street, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Kaya IH, Al-Harazi O, Colak D. Transcriptomic data analysis coupled with copy number aberrations reveals a blood-based 17-gene signature for diagnosis and prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. Front Genet 2023; 13:1031086. [PMID: 36685857 PMCID: PMC9854115 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1031086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and third leading cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Diagnosing CRC patients reliably at an early and curable stage is of utmost importance to reduce the risk of mortality. Methods: We identified global differentially expressed genes with copy number alterations in patients with CRC. We then identified genes that are also expressed in blood, which resulted in a blood-based gene signature. We validated the gene signature's diagnostic and prognostic potential using independent datasets of gene expression profiling from over 800 CRC patients with detailed clinical data. Functional enrichment, gene interaction networks and pathway analyses were also performed. Results: The analysis revealed a 17-gene signature that is expressed in blood and demonstrated that it has diagnostic potential. The 17-gene SVM classifier displayed 99 percent accuracy in predicting the patients with CRC. Moreover, we developed a prognostic model and defined a risk-score using 17-gene and validated that high risk score is strongly associated with poor disease outcome. The 17-gene signature predicted disease outcome independent of other clinical factors in the multivariate analysis (HR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.3-5.3, p = 0.005). In addition, our gene network and pathway analyses revealed alterations in oxidative stress, STAT3, ERK/MAPK, interleukin and cytokine signaling pathways as well as potentially important hub genes, including BCL2, MS4A1, SLC7A11, AURKA, IL6R, TP53, NUPR1, DICER1, DUSP5, SMAD3, and CCND1. Conclusion: Our results revealed alterations in various genes and cancer-related pathways that may be essential for CRC transformation. Moreover, our study highlights diagnostic and prognostic value of our gene signature as well as its potential use as a blood biomarker as a non-invasive diagnostic method. Integrated analysis transcriptomic data coupled with copy number aberrations may provide a reliable method to identify key biological programs associated with CRC and lead to improved diagnosis and therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim H. Kaya
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olfat Al-Harazi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dilek Colak
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Dilek Colak,
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11
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Uchendu I, Zhilenkova A, Pirogova Y, Basova M, Bagmet L, Kohanovskaia I, Ngaha Y, Ikebunwa O, Sekacheva M. Cytokines as Potential Therapeutic Targets and their Role in the Diagnosis and Prediction of Cancers. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2552-2567. [PMID: 37916493 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128268111231024054240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The death rate from cancer is declining as a result of earlier identification and more advanced treatments. Nevertheless, a number of unfavourable adverse effects, including prolonged, long-lasting inflammation and reduced immune function, usually coexist with anti-cancer therapies and lead to a general decline in quality of life. Improvements in standardized comprehensive therapy and early identification of a variety of aggressive tumors remain the main objectives of cancer research. Tumor markers in those with cancer are tumor- associated proteins that are clinically significant. Even while several tumor markers are routinely used, they don't always provide reliable diagnostic information. Serum cytokines are promising markers of tumor stage, prognosis, and responsiveness to therapy. In fact, several cytokines are currently proposed as potential biomarkers in a variety of cancers. It has actually been proposed that the study of circulatory cytokines together with biomarkers that are particular to cancer can enhance and accelerate cancer diagnosis and prediction, particularly via blood samples that require minimal to the absence of invasion. The purpose of this review was to critically examine relevant primary research literature in order to elucidate the role and importance of a few identified serum cytokines as prospective therapeutic targets in oncological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikenna Uchendu
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Angelina Zhilenkova
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya Pirogova
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Basova
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Bagmet
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Iana Kohanovskaia
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yvan Ngaha
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Obinna Ikebunwa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Biotechnology, First Moscow State Medical University of The Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Sekacheva
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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12
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Ghasemi K, Ghasemi K. Evaluation of the Tocilizumab therapy in human cancers: Latest evidence and clinical potential. J Clin Pharm Ther 2022; 47:2360-2368. [PMID: 36271617 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tocilizumab (Actemra®), as the first human interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) antagonist, has been used in treating moderate to severe active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who were undertreatment with one or more disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and did not improve significantly. Tocilizumab also has been administrated and confirmed in several inflammatory-based diseases. Recently, tocilizumab has been prescribed to treat patients with advanced coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and is used as one of the effective drugs in reducing the increased inflammation in these patients. On the other hand, cancer treatment has been considered by researchers one of the most important challenges to human health. Regarding inflammatory-associated malignancies, it has been shown that inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) may play a role in tumorigenesis, thus targeting these cytokines as evidence suggested can be useful in the treatment of these types of cancers. This review summarized the role of the IL-6/IL-6R axis in inflammation-based cancers and discussed the effectiveness and challenges of treating cancer with tocilizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Ghasemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kosar Ghasemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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13
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The Role of IL-6 in Cancer Cell Invasiveness and Metastasis-Overview and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223698. [PMID: 36429126 PMCID: PMC9688109 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) belongs to a broad class of cytokines involved in the regulation of various homeostatic and pathological processes. These activities range from regulating embryonic development, wound healing and ageing, inflammation, and immunity, including COVID-19. In this review, we summarise the role of IL-6 signalling pathways in cancer biology, with particular emphasis on cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis formation. Targeting principal components of IL-6 signalling (e.g., IL-6Rs, gp130, STAT3, NF-κB) is an intensively studied approach in preclinical cancer research. It is of significant translational potential; numerous studies strongly imply the remarkable potential of IL-6 signalling inhibitors, especially in metastasis suppression.
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14
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Aliyu M, Zohora FT, Anka AU, Ali K, Maleknia S, Saffarioun M, Azizi G. Interleukin-6 cytokine: An overview of the immune regulation, immune dysregulation, and therapeutic approach. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109130. [PMID: 35969896 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine with both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activity, depending on the immune response context. Macrophages are among several cells that secrete IL-6, which they express upon activation by antigens, subsequently inducing fever and production of acute-phase proteins from the liver. Moreover, IL-6 induces the final maturation of B cells into memory B cells and plasma cells as well as an adaptive role for short-term energy allocation. Activation of IL-6 receptors results in the intracellular activation of the JAK/STAT pathway with resultant production of inflammatory cytokines. Several mechanisms-controlled IL-6 expression, but aberrant production was shown to be crucial in the pathogenesis of many diseases, which include autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. IL-6 in combination with transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) induced differentiation of naïve T cells to Th17 cells, which is the cornerstone in autoimmune diseases. Recently, IL-6 secretion was shown to form the backbone of hypercytokinemia seen in the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated hyperinflammation and multiorgan failure. There are two classes of approved IL-6 inhibitors: anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibodies (e.g., tocilizumab) and anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies (i.e., siltuximab). These drugs have been evaluated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, cytokine release syndrome, and COVID-19 who have systemic inflammation. JAK/STAT pathway blockers were also successfully used in dampening IL-6 signal transduction. A better understanding of different mechanisms that modulate IL-6 expression will provide the much-needed solution with excellent safety and efficacy profiles for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in which IL-6 derives their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansur Aliyu
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, TUMS-IC, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Clinical Science, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Fatema Tuz Zohora
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Abubakar Umar Anka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Kashif Ali
- Department of Pharmacy Abdul Wali, Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Shayan Maleknia
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, AryoGen Pharmed Inc., Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saffarioun
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, AryoGen Pharmed Inc., Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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