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Alali Z, Graham A, Swan K, Flyckt R, Falcone T, Cui W, Yang X, Christianson J, Nothnick WB. 60S acidic ribosomal protein P1 (RPLP1) is elevated in human endometriotic tissue and in a murine model of endometriosis and is essential for endometriotic epithelial cell survival in vitro. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 26:53-64. [PMID: 31899515 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a female disease which is defined as the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue and is dependent on estrogen for its survival in these ectopic locations. Expression of the ribosomal protein large P1 (RPLP1) is associated with cell proliferation and invasion in several pathologies, but a role in the pathophysiology of endometriosis has not been explored. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the expression and function of RPLP1 with respect to endometriosis pathophysiology. RPLP1 protein was localised by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in eutopic and ectopic tissue from 28 subjects with confirmed endometriosis and from 20 women without signs or symptoms of the disease, while transcript levels were evaluated by qRT-PCR in 77 endometriotic lesions and 55 matched eutopic endometrial biopsies, and protein expression was evaluated using western blotting in 20 of these matched samples. To evaluate the mechanism for enhanced lesion expression of RPLP1, an experimental murine model of endometriosis was used and RPLP1 expression was localized using IHC. In vitro studies using an endometriosis cell line coupled with shRNA knockdown was used to demonstrate its role in cell survival. Expression of RPLP1 mRNA and protein were significantly higher in ectopic lesion tissue compared to paired eutopic endometrium and immunohistochemical localisation revealed predominant localisation to epithelial cells. This pattern of lesion RPLP1 was recapitulated in mice with experimentally induced endometriosis. Stable knockdown of RPLP1 protein resulted in a significant decrease in cell survival in vitro. These studies reveal that RPLP1 is associated with cell proliferation and/or survival and may play a role in the pathophysiology of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Alali
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Amanda Graham
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Kimberly Swan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Center for Reproductive Sciences and Institute for Reproductive and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Rebecca Flyckt
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Tommaso Falcone
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Cleveland Clinic London, SW1E 6QT, UK
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Julie Christianson
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Institute for Reproductive and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Warren B Nothnick
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Center for Reproductive Sciences and Institute for Reproductive and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Guo S. Cancer driver mutations in endometriosis: Variations on the major theme of fibrogenesis. Reprod Med Biol 2018; 17:369-397. [PMID: 30377392 PMCID: PMC6194252 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One recent study reports cancer driver mutations in deep endometriosis, but its biological/clinical significance remains unclear. Since the natural history of endometriosis is essentially gradual progression toward fibrosis, it is thus hypothesized that the six driver genes reported to be mutated in endometriosis (the RP set) may play important roles in fibrogenesis but not necessarily malignant transformation. METHODS Extensive PubMed search to see whether RP and another set of driver genes not yet reported (NR) to be mutated in endometriosis have any roles in fibrogenesis. All studies reporting on the role of fibrogenesis of the genes in both RP and NR sets were retrieved and evaluated in this review. RESULTS All six RP genes were involved in various aspects of fibrogenesis as compared with only three NR genes. These nine genes can be anchored in networks linking with their upstream and downstream genes that are known to be aberrantly expressed in endometriosis, piecing together seemingly unrelated findings. CONCLUSIONS Given that somatic driver mutations can and do occur frequently in physiologically normal tissues, it is argued that these mutations in endometriosis are not necessarily synonymous with malignancy or premalignancy, but the result of enormous pressure for fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun‐Wei Guo
- Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine‐Related DiseasesShanghaiChina
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Huang XI, Zhao W, Li Y, Kang S. Association between nm23 gene polymorphisms and the risk of endometriosis. Biomed Rep 2015; 3:874-878. [PMID: 26623033 DOI: 10.3892/br.2015.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The first tumor metastasis-suppressor gene, nm23, may have an important role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis (EM). The present study aimed to evaluate whether nm23 gene polymorphisms are correlated with the risk of the development of EM in North Chinese women, as a preliminary study. The case-control study was conducted with 379 EM patients and 384 unrelated healthy controls. Genotyping of two polymorphisms within the nm23 gene promoter region (rs16949649 T/C and rs2302254 C/T) were performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The data showed that the rs16949649 and rs2302254 polymorphisms within the nm23 gene were not associated with the risk of developing EM. There were no statistical differences in the distribution of nm23 genotypes between patients with EM and the control group (P=0.490 and P=0.440, respectively). For the rs16949649 T/C, compared with the C/T + T/T genotype, the C/C genotype did not increase the risk of EM [odds ratio (OR)=0.81; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.57-1.17]. For the rs2302254 C/T, compared with the C/T + C/C genotype, the T/T genotype did not increase the risk of EM (OR=1.46; 95% CI, 0.81-2.64). In conclusion, the findings in the present pilot study suggest that nm23 polymorphisms do not contribute to EM susceptibility. However, more studies in larger populations are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- X I Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Shan Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
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Proestling K, Birner P, Gamperl S, Nirtl N, Marton E, Yerlikaya G, Wenzl R, Streubel B, Husslein H. Enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and upregulated MYC in ectopic lesions contribute independently to endometriosis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:75. [PMID: 26198055 PMCID: PMC4511248 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process in which epithelial cells lose polarity and cell-to-cell contacts and acquire the migratory and invasive abilities of mesenchymal cells. These abilities are thought to be prerequisites for the establishment of endometriotic lesions. A hallmark of EMT is the functional loss of E-cadherin (CDH1) expression in epithelial cells. TWIST1, a transcription factor that represses E-cadherin transcription, is among the EMT inducers. SNAIL, a zinc-finger transcription factor, and its close relative SLUG have similar properties to TWIST1 and are thus also EMT inducers. MYC, which is upregulated by estrogens in the uterus by an estrogen response cis-acting element (ERE) in its promoter, is associated with proliferation in endometriosis. The role of EMT and proliferation in the pathogenesis of endometriosis was evaluated by analyzing TWIST1, CDH1 and MYC expression. METHODS CDH1, TWIST1, SNAIL and SLUG mRNA expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR from 47 controls and 74 patients with endometriosis. Approximately 42 ectopic and 62 eutopic endometrial tissues, of which 30 were matched samples, were collected during the same surgical procedure. We evaluated TWIST1 and MYC protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the epithelial and stromal tissue of 69 eutopic and 90 ectopic endometrium samples, of which 49 matched samples were analyzed from the same patient. Concordant expression of TWIST1/SNAIL/SLUG and CDH1 but also of TWIST1 and MYC was analyzed. RESULTS We found that TWIST1, SNAIL and SLUG are overexpressed (p < 0.001, p = 0.016 and p < 0.001) in endometriosis, while CDH1 expression was concordantly reduced in these samples (p < 0.001). Similar to TWIST1, the epithelial expression of MYC was also significantly enhanced in ectopic endometrium compared to eutopic tissues (p = 0.008). We found exclusive expression of either TWIST1 or MYC in the same samples (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Epithelial TWIST1 is overexpressed in endometriosis and may contribute to the formation of endometriotic lesions by inducing epithelial to mesenchymal transition, as CDH1 was reduced in ectopic lesions. We found exclusive expression of either TWIST1 or MYC in the same samples, indicating that EMT and proliferation contribute independently of each other to the formation of endometriotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Proestling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
| | - Peter Birner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
| | - Susanne Gamperl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
| | - Nadine Nirtl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
| | - Erika Marton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
| | - Gülen Yerlikaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
| | - Rene Wenzl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
| | - Berthold Streubel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
| | - Heinrich Husslein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 30 Bond street, Toronto, Ontorio, M5B 1 W8, Canada.
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Xie J, Kvaskoff M, Li Y, Zhang M, Qureshi AA, Missmer SA, Han J. Severe teenage acne and risk of endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:2592-9. [PMID: 25139175 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there a relationship between severe teenage acne and endometriosis? SUMMARY ANSWER Endometriosis is positively associated with severe teenage acne. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY No studies have specifically explored a possible association between severe acne in adolescence and risk of endometriosis. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This prospective cohort study used data collected from 88 623 female nurses from September 1989 to June 2009 as part of the Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II) cohort. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) for endometriosis among women with and without severe teenage acne. Multivariate models were adjusted for established risk factors of endometriosis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 4 382 laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis cases were documented during 1 132 272 woman-years of follow-up. Compared with women without a history of severe teenage acne, women who had severe teenage acne had a 20% increased risk of endometriosis (HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.08-1.32). The association was not affected by adjusting for use of tetracycline or isotretinoin. LIMITATIONS AND REASONS FOR CAUTION The HR is likely to be underestimated since we only included endometriosis cases confirmed by laparoscopy. Although geographically diverse, the NHS II cohort is primarily Caucasian, which may limit generalization to more ethnically diverse populations. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE STUDY The results of this study suggest that severe teenage acne is associated with an increased risk of endometriosis. As a visible and non-invasive clinical indicator, severe teenage acne may be useful for early detection of endometriosis. We bring this counter-intuitive association to the attention of clinicians for the benefit of the patient and an early diagnosis of endometriosis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST This study was funded by research grant CA176726 from the National Institute of Health. M.K. is supported by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (#PIOF-GA-2011-302078). The funding agencies had no role in the design of the study, in the analysis and interpretation of the data, in the writing of the report or in the decision to submit the paper for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marina Kvaskoff
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yunhui Li
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingfeng Zhang
- Clinical Research Program, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abrar A Qureshi
- Clinical Research Program, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacey A Missmer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Clinical Research Program, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Yi YC, Wang SC, Chao CC, Su CL, Lee YL, Chen LY. Evaluation of serum autoantibody levels in the diagnosis of ovarian endometrioma. J Clin Lab Anal 2011; 24:357-62. [PMID: 20872572 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We analyzed autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in the serum of patients with endometrioma and healthy controls to determine whether autoantibodies can be accurate biomarkers for the diagnosis of ovarian endometrioma. METHODS Serum samples were obtained from 56 patients with endometriosis and 66 healthy women who served as normal controls. The titers of antibodies against a panel of eight TAAs were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS We found that the serum IGFII mRNA-binding protein 1 (IMP1) autoantibody and cyclin B1 autoantibody could discriminate between healthy controls and endometriosis patients (AUC-ROC 0.777; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.694-0.860, P<0.0005, and AUC-ROC 0.614; 95%confidence interval [CI] 0.513-0.714, P=0.031, respectively). Using 0.073 and 0.007 as the cutoff values for IMP1 and Cyclin B1 autoantibody, respectively, the sensitivity and specificity of IMP1 were 85.7 and 63.6%, respectively. When cylcin B1 was combined with IMP1, the specificity increased to 72.7% and the sensitivity slightly decreased to 83.9%. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that IMP1 alone or combined with cyclin B1 seems to fulfill the requirements of sensitivity and specificity to become a useful clinical biomarker of endometrioma. However, further studies will be required to establish the predictive value and to support the clinical use of IMP1/cyclin B1 in the diagnosis and/or screening of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chiao Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Uzan C, Darai E, Valent A, Graesslin O, Cortez A, Rouzier R, Vielh P. Status of HER1 and HER2 in peritoneal, ovarian and colorectal endometriosis and ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Virchows Arch 2009; 454:525-9. [PMID: 19294416 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-009-0755-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A role for the EGF system, in particular HER1 and 2, in growth of the endometrium has been suggested but HER1 and 2 have not been studied in all locations of endometriosis and in ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma (OEC) which is a rare form of malignant transformation of endometriosis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used for studying HER1 and HER2 in ovarian (n = 10), peritoneal (n = 10), colorectal endometriosis (n = 20) and OEC (n = 10). Fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) was used for analysing the status of HER2 gene in colorectal endometriosis and OEC. All samples were negative for HER2 in both glandular and stromal cells and in glandular cells for HER1 by IHC. In 15 out of 20 colorectal endometriosis, there was a weak expression in stromal cells. Following FISH, two colorectal samples had a partial 17 aneusomy and three OEC, a 17 polysomy. The other samples were 17 disomic without HER2 amplification; HER1 and 2 do not seem to have a role in endometriosis physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Uzan
- Research Translational Laboratory, Histocytopathology Unit, Institute Gustave Roussy, 39, rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805, Villejuif, France.
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Hsieh YY, Lin CS. P53 codon 11, 72, and 248 gene polymorphisms in endometriosis. Int J Biol Sci 2006; 2:188-93. [PMID: 16896365 PMCID: PMC1525214 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.2.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Mutated p53 gene is related to the instability of cell growth and cell cycle progression. We aimed to evaluate the association between endometriosis and p53 codon 11, 72 and 248 gene polymorphisms. Patients and methods: Women were divided into two groups: (1) moderate/severe endometriosis (n=148), and (2) non-endometriosis groups (n=150). P53 gene polymorphisms include codon11 Glu/Gln or Lys (GAG->CAG or AAG), codon 72 Arg/Pro (CGC->CCC), and codon 248 Arg/Thr (CGG->TCG). These gene polymorphisms were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and detected by electrophoresis after restriction enzyme (Taq I, BstU I, Hap II) digestions. Associations between the endometriosis and p53 polymorphisms were evaluated. Results: The distributions of p53 codon 72 polymorphisms in both groups were significantly different. The proportions of Arg homozygotes/heterozygotes/Pro homozygotes in both groups were 9.5/66.2/24.3% and 30.7/50/19.3%. The proportions of Arg/Pro alleles were 42.6/57.4% and 56/44%. The distributions of p53 codon 11 and 248 polymorphisms in both groups were non-significantly different. All individuals appeared the wild genotypes (Glu11 and Arg248 homozygotes). Conclusion: Association between endometriosis and p53 codon 72 polymorphism exists. P53 codon 72*Pro-related genotype and allele are related with higher susceptibility of endometriosis. P53 codon 11 and 248 polymorphisms are not related with endometriosis susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yuan Hsieh
- 1. Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- 2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chich-Sheng Lin
- 1. Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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