1
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Li C, Li C, Zhou J, Wang Y, Wu H, Xu L, Li Y, Sui X, Jiang G, Li Y, Hu Z, Tian J, Yang F. Application of Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor-Targeted Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Near-Infrared II Dual-Modal Probe in Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Surgical Resection. Mol Pharm 2024. [PMID: 38686930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
There has been an increase in the use of molecular probe diagnostic techniques for lung cancer, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers specific advantages for diagnosing pulmonary carcinoma. Furthermore, advancements in near-infrared II (NIR-II) fluorescence have provided a new method for precise intraoperative tumor resection. However, few probes combine preoperative diagnosis with intraoperative imaging. This study aims to fill this research void by employing a dual-modal probe that targets the epidermal growth factor receptor for MR and NIR-II imaging, enabling the preoperative diagnosis of lung cancer using MRI and precise intraoperative tumor localization using NIR-II with a single probe. The imaging effects and targeting ability of the probe were confirmed in cell lines, mouse models, and clinical samples. The MR signal decreased within 24 h in the patient-derived xenograft mouse model. The average signal-to-background ratio of NIR-II reached 3.98 ± 0.27. The clinical sample also showed a decrease in the T2 signal using MRI, and the NIR-II optical signal-to-background ratio was 3.29. It is expected that this probe can improve the diagnostic rate of lung cancer using MRI and enable precise intraoperative tumor resection using NIR-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Changjian Li
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yueqi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hainan Wu
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Luzheng Xu
- Peking University Medical and Health Analysis Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yifeng Li
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xizhao Sui
- Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Guanchao Jiang
- Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yun Li
- Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhenhua Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jie Tian
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing 100191, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044, China
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2
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Wang FF, Tao PF, Zhong YJ, Gu YQ, Wang CY, Qin F. Alkaloids from Zanthoxylum nitidum and their anti-proliferative activity against A549 cells by regulating the EGFR/AKT/mTOR pathway. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38684029 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2347463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum nitidum is frequently used as a traditional Chinese medicine and food supplement. Our previous study revealed that its constituent compounds were able to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. In our continuous exploration of bioactive compounds in Z. nitidum, we isolated ten alkaloids (1-10), including one new natural compound (1), and nine known alkaloids (2-10), from an ethanolic extract of the whole plant. The chemical structures were elucidated based on a combination of comprehensive NMR and HRESIMS analyses. Compounds 5, 8 and 10 exhibited significant antiproliferative effects against A549 cancer cell lines. We further elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms of the antiproliferative activity of compound 8 in A549 human lung cancer cells. Compound 8 was found to induce cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase via p53 activation and CDK4/6 suppression. Compound 8 also effectively inhibited cell migration through the modulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as indicated by the expression of biomarkers, such as N-cadherin downregulation and E-cadherin upregulation. Compound 8 significantly suppressed the activation of the EGFR/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway in A549 cells. These results indicate that alkaloid 8 from Z. nitidum has potential to be a lead antiproliferative compound in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Fan Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, P. R. China
| | - Ping-Fang Tao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jun Zhong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Qiong Gu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, P. R. China
| | - Cai Yi Wang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Feng Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, P. R. China
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3
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Verma N, Singh M, Bhati P, Khanna S, Ashraf MT, Kumari S, Chatterjee N, Deshwal VK, Rustagi S, Priya K. In Vitro and In Silico Studies on 4-Nitroacetophenone Thiosemicarbazone Potential Cytotoxicity Against A549 Cell Lines. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04814-1. [PMID: 38157154 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Lung malignancy is a major worldwide issue that occurs due to the dysregulation of various growth factors. Lung cancer has no apparent signs in the early stages, which makes it harder to catch it in time and leads to a higher fatality rate. So, the goal of this work was to create and analyze a novel chemical molecule called 4-nitro acetophenone thiosemicarbazone (4-NAPTSc) against the lung cancer cell line A549 and human non-tumorigenic lung epithelial cell line BAES-2B. The ligand was synthesized by refluxing the reaction mixture of 4-nitro acetophenone and thiosemicarbazide and was further characterized by UV, FTIR, and 1H and 13C NMR and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) study. Cytotoxicity assay/MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl))2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the compound. Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR) were chosen as the target proteins for molecular docking to find potential ligand binding sites and inhibit their function. A novel yellow-colored crystalline solid has been synthesized. 4-NAPTSc had an IC50 of 2.93 μg/mL against the A549 lung cancer cells. When the dosage is increased from 5 to 15 μg/mL along with time, the cell viability falls. Docking results showed that the compound binds with the targeted proteins' amino acid residues, and the likeness profile of the compound is also favorable. This study reveals that the compound has the potential for further investigation and can be used in multitargeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Verma
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge park-III, Greater Noida, U.P., 201310, India
| | - Mohini Singh
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge park-III, Greater Noida, U.P., 201310, India
| | - Piyush Bhati
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, U.P., 201312, India
| | - Sonia Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge park-III, Greater Noida, U.P., 201310, India
| | - Mohd Tashfeen Ashraf
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, U.P., 201312, India
| | - Shilpa Kumari
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge park-III, Greater Noida, U.P., 201310, India
| | - Nidhi Chatterjee
- Department of Life Sciences, Guru Nanak College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vishal K Deshwal
- Department of Life Sciences, Guru Nanak College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kanu Priya
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge park-III, Greater Noida, U.P., 201310, India.
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4
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Choi HJ, Jeong YJ, Kim J, Hoe HS. EGFR is a potential dual molecular target for cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1238639. [PMID: 37601068 PMCID: PMC10433764 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1238639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Many researchers are attempting to identify drugs that can be repurposed as effective therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several recent studies have highlighted epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors approved for use as anti-cancer drugs as potential candidates for repurposing as AD therapeutics. In cancer, EGFR inhibitors target cell proliferation and angiogenesis, and studies in AD mouse models have shown that EGFR inhibitors can attenuate amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology and improve cognitive function. In this review, we discuss the different functions of EGFR in cancer and AD and the potential of EGFR as a dual molecular target for AD diseases. In addition, we describe the effects of anti-cancer EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) on AD pathology and their prospects as therapeutic interventions for AD. By summarizing the physiological functions of EGFR in cancer and AD, this review emphasizes the significance of EGFR as an important molecular target for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jeong Choi
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Joo Jeong
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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5
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Wen Y, Liu W, David B, Ren W, Irudayaraj J. Multifunctional Oxygenated Particles for Targeted Cancer Drug Delivery and Evaluation with Darkfield Hyperspectral Imaging. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:41275-41283. [PMID: 36406533 PMCID: PMC9670270 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel multifunctional nanocarrier system for targeted drug delivery for lung cancer theranostics. Oxygenated particles (OPs) synthesized with an oxygen-encapsulating carboxymethyl cellulose shell were used as a platform to deliver oxygen to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. The OPs synthesized could also be conjugated with ligands (e.g., antibodies) to target cancer cells expressing the corresponding antigens to deliver a drug, doxorubicin. In vitro testing of functionalized OPs showed increased efficacy of doxorubicin against the proliferation of lung cancer cells. Both confocal fluorescence imaging and darkfield microscopy hyperspectral imaging validated the OP complex and its efficient targeting of specific cells to deliver the therapeutic. The nanocarrier platform developed can also serve as a diagnostic imaging reagent as demonstrated by darkfield microscopy. Results show that the theranostic OPs developed with multifunctional modalities enabled targeted drug delivery with improved efficacy and tracking of drug delivery vehicles by imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- Department
of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Biomedical
Research Center, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department
of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department
of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Biomedical
Research Center, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Benjamin David
- Department
of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Wen Ren
- Department
of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Biomedical
Research Center, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department
of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Biomedical
Research Center, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department
of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer
Center at Illinois; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology; Beckman
Institute; Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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6
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Kapeleris J, Müller Bark J, Ranjit S, Richard D, Vela I, O'Byrne K, Punyadeera C. Modelling reoxygenation effects in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines and showing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:3501-3510. [PMID: 35932303 PMCID: PMC9587087 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are a rare cell subpopulation regulated by the tumour microenvironment. In hypoxic conditions, CTCs are able to invade the lymphatic and circulatory systems leading to metastasis at distant sites. Methods To mimic in vivo oxygen variations and effects on CTCs, we have cultured five non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, followed by a pulse of reoxygenation for 4 h. Results Proliferation, spheroid-formation and colony formation ability under varying O2 levels were investigated. Proliferation rate was not altered when cells were cultured in 2D models under hypoxic conditions. However, we observed that hypoxia enhanced in vitro formation of tumour-spheres and accelerated clonogenicity of NSCLC cell lines. In addition, cells exposed to hypoxia and reoxygenation conditions showed altered expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related genes in NSCLC cell lines both at mRNA (AKT1, CAMK2NH1, DESI1, VIM, MAP1B, EGFR, ZEB1, HIF1α) and protein levels (Vimentin, Pan-cytokeratin). Conclusion Our data suggest that when investigating CTCs as a prognostic biomarker in NSCLC, it is also essential to take into consideration EMT status to obtain a comprehensive overview of CTCs in circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kapeleris
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, GPO Box 2434, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Juliana Müller Bark
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, GPO Box 2434, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia.,Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 46 Don Yong Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shanon Ranjit
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, GPO Box 2434, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Derek Richard
- Cancer & Ageing Research Program, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ian Vela
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kenneth O'Byrne
- Cancer & Ageing Research Program, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia.,Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, GPO Box 2434, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia. .,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Australia. .,Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 46 Don Yong Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Australia. .,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
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7
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Akher FB, Farrokhzadeh A, Ravenscroft N, Kuttel MM. Deciphering the Mechanism of Binding Selectivity of Chlorofluoroacetamide-Based Covalent Inhibitors toward L858R/T790M Resistance Mutation. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:997-1013. [PMID: 35119858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Covalent modification of the oncogenic mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by small molecules is an efficient strategy for achieving an enhanced and sustained pharmacological effect in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. NSP-037 (18), an irreversible inhibitor of the L858R/T790M double-mutant EGFR (EGFRDM) using α-chlorofluoroacetamide (CFA) as a novel warhead, has seven times the inhibition selectivity for EGFRDM over the wild type (EGFRWT), as compared to clinically approved osimertinib (7). Here, we employ multiple computational approaches to elucidate the mechanism underlining this improved selectivity, as well as the effect of CFA on the selectivity enhancement of inhibitor 18 over 7. We find that EGFRDM undergoes significantly larger conformational changes than EGFRWT upon binding to 18. The conformational stability of the diamine side chain and the CFA motif of 18 in the orthosteric site of EGFRDM is identified as key for the disparate binding mechanism and inhibitory prowess of 18 with respect to EGFRWT and EGFRDM and 18's higher selectivity than 7. The binding free energy of the 18-bound complexes is -6.38 kcal/mol greater than that of the 7-bound complexes, explaining the difference in selectivity of these inhibitors. Further, free energy decomposition analysis indicates that the electrostatic contribution of key residues plays an important role in the 18-bound complexes. QM/MM calculations show that the most favored mechanism for the Cys797 alkylation reaction is the direct displacement mechanism through a CFA-based inhibitor, producing a reaction with the lowest energy barrier and most stable product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Badichi Akher
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Dalhousie, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | | | - Neil Ravenscroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Michelle M Kuttel
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
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8
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Computational identification of 2,4-disubstituted amino-pyrimidines as L858R/T790M-EGFR double mutant inhibitors using pharmacophore mapping, molecular docking, binding free energy calculation, DFT study and molecular dynamic simulation. In Silico Pharmacol 2021; 9:54. [PMID: 34631361 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-021-00113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacophore modelling studies have been performed for a series of 2,4-disubstituted-pyrimidines derivatives as EGFR L858R/T790M tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The high scoring AARR.15 hypothesis was selected as the best pharmacophore model with the highest survival score of 3.436 having two hydrogen bond acceptors and two aromatic ring features. Pharmacophore-based virtual screening followed by structure-based yielded the six molecules (ZINC17013227, ZINC17013215, ZINC9573324, ZINC9573445, ZINC24023331 and ZINC17013503) from the ZINC database with significant in silico predicted activity and strong binding affinity towords the EGFR L858R/T790M tyrosine kinase. In silico toxicity and cytochrome profiling indicates that all the 06 virtually screened compounds were substrate/inhibitors of the CYP-3A4 metabolizing enzyme and were non-carcinogenic and devoid of Ames mutagenesis. Density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation further validated the obtained hits. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-021-00113-x.
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9
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Synergistic Antitumor Activity of SH003 and Docetaxel via EGFR Signaling Inhibition in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168405. [PMID: 34445110 PMCID: PMC8395077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in lung cancer patients. Despite treatment with various EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, recurrence and metastasis of lung cancer are inevitable. Docetaxel (DTX) is an effective conventional drug that is used to treat various cancers. Several researchers have studied the use of traditional herbal medicine in combination with docetaxel, to improve lung cancer treatment. SH003, a novel herbal mixture, exerts anticancer effects in different cancer cell types. Here, we aimed to investigate the apoptotic and anticancer effects of SH003 in combination with DTX, in human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). SH003, with DTX, induced apoptotic cell death, with increased expression of cleaved caspases and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in NSCLC cells. Moreover, SH003 and DTX induced the apoptosis of H460 cells via the suppression of the EGFR and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathways. In H460 tumor xenograft models, the administration of SH003 or docetaxel alone diminished tumor growth, and their combination effectively killed cancer cells, with increased expression of apoptotic markers and decreased expression of p-EGFR and p-STAT3. Collectively, the combination of SH003 and DTX may be a novel anticancer strategy to overcome the challenges that are associated with conventional lung cancer therapy.
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10
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Laishram D, Raphael V, Marbaniang E, Harris C, Jagtap V, Wankhar B. Study of Programmed Death Ligand 1 and EGFR/HER2 Expression in Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma With a Clinicopathological Spectrum. Cureus 2021; 13:e16195. [PMID: 34367799 PMCID: PMC8336965 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is a disease characterized by the upregulation of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) along with alterations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER2-neu (HER2) amplification in addition to EGFR mutation. In the present study, the expression of PD-L1 and EGFR and HER2-neu in NSCLC was studied and their expression in relation to various clinicopathological parameters was analysed. We studied 49 core biopsy specimens of NSCLC for PD-L1, EGFR and HER2-neu expressions using immunohistochemistry. Scoring was based on the intensity and percentage of tumour cells expressing the immunomarkers. PD-L1, EGFR and HER2-neu expression was seen in 20.4%, 32.7% and 14.2% of NSCLC, respectively. The analysis showed no significant difference in PD-L1 expression in relation to any clinicopathological parameters. Low or negative EGFR expression was significantly associated with positive lymph node status (P=0.04). HER2-neu expression showed a significant difference in relation to tumour histology (adenocarcinoma; P=0.01). Also, there was no difference noted with PD-L1 expression in relation to EGFR and HER2-neu expression. As our study has a small number of cases, the validation of the predictive and prognostic value of these markers in lung cancer patients requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devina Laishram
- Pathology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, IND
| | - Vandana Raphael
- Pathology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, IND
| | - Evarisalin Marbaniang
- Pathology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, IND
| | - Caleb Harris
- Surgical Oncology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, IND
| | - Vikas Jagtap
- Radiation Oncology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, IND
| | - Baphiralyne Wankhar
- Radiology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, IND
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11
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Karlsen EA, Kahler S, Tefay J, Joseph SR, Simpson F. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression and Resistance Patterns to Targeted Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Review. Cells 2021; 10:1206. [PMID: 34069119 PMCID: PMC8156654 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death. The majority of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumours express epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which allows for precise and targeted therapy in these patients. The dysregulation of EGFR in solid epithelial cancers has two distinct mechanisms: either a kinase-activating mutation in EGFR (EGFR-mutant) and/or an overexpression of wild-type EGFR (wt-EGFR). The underlying mechanism of EGFR dysregulation influences the efficacy of anti-EGFR therapy as well as the nature of resistance patterns and secondary mutations. This review will critically analyse the mechanisms of EGFR expression in NSCLC, its relevance to currently approved targeted treatment options, and the complex nature of secondary mutations and intrinsic and acquired resistance patterns in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma-Anne Karlsen
- Simpson Laboratory, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane 4102, Australia; (S.R.J.); (F.S.)
- Department of General Surgery, Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane 4101, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4067, Australia; (S.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Sam Kahler
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4067, Australia; (S.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Joan Tefay
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4067, Australia; (S.K.); (J.T.)
- Department of General Surgery, Redland Hospital, Cleveland 4163, Australia
| | - Shannon R. Joseph
- Simpson Laboratory, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane 4102, Australia; (S.R.J.); (F.S.)
| | - Fiona Simpson
- Simpson Laboratory, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane 4102, Australia; (S.R.J.); (F.S.)
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12
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Yonesaka K. HER2-/HER3-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugates for Treating Lung and Colorectal Cancers Resistant to EGFR Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1047. [PMID: 33801379 PMCID: PMC7958627 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the anticancer drug targets for certain malignancies, including nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colorectal cancer (CRC), and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. However, the grave issue of drug resistance through diverse mechanisms persists, including secondary EGFR-mutation and its downstream RAS/RAF mutation. Since the discovery of the role of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and HER3 in drug resistance, HER2- or HER3-targeting treatment strategies using monoclonal antibodies have been intensively examined and have demonstrated impressive responsiveness and limitations. Finally, an innovative targeted therapy called antibody drug conjugates (ADC) has provided a solution to overcome this resistance. Specifically, a new cleavable linker-payload system enables stable drug delivery to cancer cells, causing selective destruction. HER2-targeting ADC trastuzumab deruxtecan demonstrated promising responsiveness in patients with HER2-positive CRC, in a phase 2 clinical trial (objective response rate = 45.3%). Furthermore, HER3-targeting patritumab deruxtecan, another ADC, exhibited impressive tumor shrinkage in pretreated patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC, in a phase 1 clinical trial. This manuscript presents an overview of the accumulated evidence on HER2- and HER3-targeting therapy, especially ADCs, and discussion of remaining issues for further improving these treatments in cancers resistant to EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimio Yonesaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi Osaka-Sayamashi, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
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13
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Humoral immune response to epidermal growth factor receptor in lung cancer. Immunol Res 2021; 69:71-80. [PMID: 33495907 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09174-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the potential value of autoantibody to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the diagnosis of lung cancer (LC) and its relation with EGFR mutations. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect the level of autoantibody to EGFR in sera from 254 LC patients and 222 normal controls (NCs). Besides, the mRNA and protein levels of EGFR were investigated in Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database, respectively. The level of autoantibody to EGFR (anti-EGFR) in LC even different types of LC was obviously higher than that in NC (P < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of anti-EGFR was 0.695 (95% CI 0.645-0.742) when comparing LC patients with NC, while the AUC of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was 0.681 (95% CI 0.629-0.730). Moreover, by integrating anti-EGFR with CEA to diagnose LC, the AUC was up to 0.784 (95% CI 0.737-0.826). However, the expression level of autoantibody to EGFR had no difference between LC patients with and without EGFR gene mutation (P > 0.05). EGFR mRNA expression level was obviously upregulated in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tissues compared with normal tissues (P < 0.05), but not in adenocarcinoma (ADC) (P > 0.05). The study confirmed that anti-EGFR could be a potential biomarker for LC diagnosis; additionally, it could improve the diagnostic value of CEA in clinical work.
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14
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Liu X, Hong L, Nilsson M, Hubert SM, Wu S, Rinsurongkawong W, Lewis J, Spelman A, Roth J, Swisher S, He Y, Jack Lee J, Fang B, Heymach JV, Zhang J, Le X. Concurrent use of aspirin with osimertinib is associated with improved survival in advanced EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2020; 149:33-40. [PMID: 32956986 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osimertinib is the treatment of choice for advanced EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, novel strategies to improve the duration of disease control are still urgently needed. Aspirin has been shown to decrease cancer incidence and improve outcomes in various malignancies. Therefore, we evaluated a cohort of patients who received osimertinib with or without concurrent use of aspirin to assess whether the addition of aspirin may lead to improved clinical outcomes. METHODS MD Anderson Cancer Center GEMINI database was retrospectively queried for EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients who received osimertinib with or without concurrent use of aspirin for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS A total of 365 patients were identified including 77 which had concurrent use of aspirin. Patients in the aspirin-osimertinib group had significantly improved PFS (21.3 vs 11.6 months; HR, 0.52; 95 % CI, 0.38-0.70) and OS (Not reached vs 32.3 months; HR, 0.56; 95 % CI, 0.35-0.91) compared to osimertinib group. In subgroup analyses, the aspirin-associated PFS benefit was observed in patients with and without central nervous system (CNS) metastases, as well as in osimertinib first-line setting and in subsequent line setting. The median PFS in EGFR 19Del patients was longer than EGFR L858R patients with osimertinib, and when aspirin was added, the median PFS significantly improved in both groups regardless of lines of therapy. The benefit from aspirin was independent of age, gender, TP53 mutational status, or PD-L1 positivity. CONCLUSION Concurrent aspirin use with osimertinib in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients was associated with improved survival, regardless of lines of therapy, CNS metastatic status, EGFR mutation type, age, gender, TP53, and PD-L1 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Liu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, USA
| | - Lingzhi Hong
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Monique Nilsson
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Shawna Marie Hubert
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Shuhong Wu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | | | - Jeffery Lewis
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Amy Spelman
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Jack Roth
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Steven Swisher
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Yong He
- Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, USA
| | - J Jack Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Bingliang Fang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA.
| | - Xiuning Le
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA.
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15
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Kim C, States JC, Ceresa BP. Chronic and acute arsenic exposure enhance EGFR expression via distinct molecular mechanisms. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 67:104925. [PMID: 32599262 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of acute arsenic exposure (i.e. vomiting, diarrhea, and renal failure) are distinct from those brought about by sustained, low level exposure from environmental sources or drinking of contaminated well water. Chronic arsenic exposure is a risk factor for the development of pulmonary diseases, including lung cancer. How arsenic exposure leads to pulmonary disease is not fully understood. Both acute versus chronic arsenic exposure increase EGFR expression, but do so via distinct molecular mechanisms. BEAS-2B cells were exposed to either acute sodium arsenite (5 μM for 24 h) or chronic sodium arsenite (100 nM for 24 weeks). Cells treated with acute arsenic exhibited a decrease in viability, changes in morphology, and increased mRNA level of BTC. In contrast, during 24 weeks of arsenic exposure, the cells had increased EGFR expression and activity, and increased mRNA and protein levels of TGFα. Further, chronic arsenic treatment caused an increase in cell migration in the absence of exogenous ligand. Elevated TGFα and EGFR expression are features of many non-small cell lung cancers. We propose that lung epithelial cells chronically exposed to low level arsenic increases EGFR signaling via TGFα production to enhance ligand-independent cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, USA
| | | | - Brian P Ceresa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, USA.
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16
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Zhang Q, Cui Y, Zhang J, Kenjiabieke J, Aerxiding P. Comparison of the characteristics of uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer from different ethnic groups. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:3513-3520. [PMID: 32346412 PMCID: PMC7185161 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-sensitive mutations generally have a significantly higher objective response rate (ORR) and longer progression-free survival (PFS) after EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. However, the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in the case of uncommon EGFR mutations has remained elusive. In the present study, the characteristics of uncommon EGFR mutations and EGFR-TKI treatments were compared in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from different ethnic groups. A total of 2,984 patients with pathologically confirmed NSCLC encountered between February 2012 to February 2017 at the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Urumqi, China) were enrolled in the present study. The Amplification Refractory Mutation System was adopted to determine EGFR gene expression, compare the ethnic differences in EGFR mutations between Xinjiang Uygur and Han people, analyze the distribution of uncommon mutation types and evaluate the link between clinicopathological features associated with uncommon mutations and the efficacy of EGFR-TKI treatment. There were significant differences in EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma between patients from the Xinjiang Uygur group and the Han group (P<0.001). The differences in the uncommon EGFR mutations were significant in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (P<0.05). The most common site of lymph node metastasis in patients with uncommon mutations was the hilar lymph node, supraclavicular/subclavian lymph node, cervical lymph node and mediastinal lymph node; the most common distant metastatic organs were the lung, bone, brain, liver and adrenal gland. Of the uncommon mutations, the most common single mutations were L861Q, G719X and 20ins mutations; the most common double mutation was the S768I and 20ins mutation. The incidence rate of EGFR gene mutations was significantly higher in Han people from Xinjiang than in Uygur people. There were marked differences between individuals regarding the efficacy of EGFR-TKI treatment and the survival time of patients with uncommon EGFR mutations, second-line EGFR-TKIs had a lower ORR and DCR while had a longer mPFS. All of these could provide a basis for the exploration of different regimens for patients with different types of uncommon mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Third Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Cui
- Department of Geriatric, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Outpatient Department, People's Liberation Army 69260 Troops of Medical Team, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830002, P.R. China
| | - Jiayideng Kenjiabieke
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Third Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Patiguli Aerxiding
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Third Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
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17
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EGFR Mutation Analysis in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma Patients: A Liquid Biopsy Approach. Indian J Clin Biochem 2019; 36:51-58. [PMID: 33505127 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-019-00864-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the era of the targeted therapy identification of EGFR mutation detection in lung cancer is extremely helpful to predict the treatment efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Unfortunately, the inadequacy and quality of the biopsy samples are the major obstacles in molecular testing of EGFR mutation in lung cancer. To address this issue, the present study intended to use liquid biopsy as the non-invasive method for EGFR mutation detection. A total of 31 patients with an advanced stage of lung cancer were enrolled in the study from which cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and FFPE tissue DNA was extracted. Extracted DNA samples were analyzed for further EGFR exon specific mutation analysis by ARMS-PCR. Data were analyzed statistically using SPSS software. In cfDNA samples, the prevalence of wild type EGFR was 48% while the prevalence of TKI resistant and TKI sensitive mutations were 3%. Conversely, in tissue DNA samples, the prevalence of wild type, TKI sensitive and TKI resistant mutations were 48%, 19%, and 3%, respectively. The overall concordance of EGFR mutation between cfDNA and tissue DNA was 83%. McNemar's test revealed that there was no significant difference between EGFR expression of cfDNA and tissue DNA samples. Additionally, the significant-high incidence of TKI resistant mutations was observed in tobacco habituates, indicating the role of carcinogens present in the tobacco in developing resistant mutations. In conclusion, our data suggest that evaluation of EGFR mutation from cfDNA samples is practicable as a non-invasive tool in patients with advanced-stage of lung cancer.
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18
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Targeting Cancer Resistance via Multifunctional Gold Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215510. [PMID: 31694227 PMCID: PMC6861975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy is a major problem facing current cancer therapy, which is continuously aiming at the development of new compounds that are capable of tackling tumors that developed resistance toward common chemotherapeutic agents, such as doxorubicin (DOX). Alongside the development of new generations of compounds, nanotechnology-based delivery strategies can significantly improve the in vivo drug stability and target specificity for overcoming drug resistance. In this study, multifunctional gold nanoparticles (AuNP) have been used as a nanoplatform for the targeted delivery of an original anticancer agent, a Zn(II) coordination compound [Zn(DION)2]Cl2 (ZnD), toward better efficacy against DOX-resistant colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116 DR). Selective delivery of the ZnD nanosystem to cancer cells was achieved by active targeting via cetuximab, NanoZnD, which significantly inhibited cell proliferation and triggered the death of resistant tumor cells, thus improving efficacy. In vivo studies in a colorectal DOX-resistant model corroborated the capability of NanoZnD for the selective targeting of cancer cells, leading to a reduction of tumor growth without systemic toxicity. This approach highlights the potential of gold nanoformulations for the targeting of drug-resistant cancer cells.
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19
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Prognostic Impact of Melatonin Receptors MT1 and MT2 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11071001. [PMID: 31319607 PMCID: PMC6679108 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several studies have investigated the inhibitory effect of melatonin on lung cancer cells. There are no data available on the prognostic impact of melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical studies of MT1 and MT2 were conducted on NSCLC (N = 786) and non-malignant lung tissue (NMLT) (N = 120) using tissue microarrays. Molecular studies were performed on frozen fragments of NSCLC (N = 62; real time PCR), NMLT (N = 24) and lung cancer cell lines NCI-H1703, A549 and IMR-90 (real time PCR, western blot). Results: The expression of both receptors was higher in NSCLC than in NMLT. Higher MT1 and MT2 expression levels (at protein and mRNA) were noted in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) compared to adenocarcinomas (AC). MT1 immunoexpression decreased as both the tumour size and the cancer stage increased in the whole cohort, while MT2 decreased as the cancer stage increased, with lymph node involvement (in the whole study group) and increasing malignancy grade (in SCC). Higher expression of MT2 was associated with a favorable prognosis. MT2 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) in all analyzed NSCLC and in smoking patients. Conclusions: Our observations may point to the potential prognostic significance of MT2 in NSCLC.
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20
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Wang Y, Lai H, Fan X, Luo L, Duan F, Jiang Z, Wang Q, Leung ELH, Liu L, Yao X. Gossypol Inhibits Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Proliferation by Targeting EGFR L858R/T790M. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:728. [PMID: 30038571 PMCID: PMC6046546 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been reported to be implicated in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several EGFR inhibitors have been used in clinical treatment of NSCLC, but the emergence of EGFRL858R/T790M resistant mutation has reduced the efficacy of the clinical used EGFR inhibitors. There is an urgent need to develop novel EGFRL858R/T790M inhibitors for better NSCLC treatment. Methods: By screening a natural product library, we have identified gossypol as a novel potent inhibitor targeting EGFRL858R/T790M. The activity of gossypol on NSCLC cells was evaluated by cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and cell migration assays. Kinase activity inhibition assay and molecular docking were used to study the inhibition mechanism of gossypol to EGFRL858R/T790M. Western blotting was performed to study the molecular mechanism of gossypol inhibiting the downstream pathways of EGFR. Results: Gossypol inhibited the cell proliferation and cell migration of NSCLC cells, and induced caspase-dependent cell apoptosis of NSCLC cells by upregulating the expression of pro-apoptotic protein BAD. Molecular docking revealed that gossypol could bind to the kinase domain of EGFRL858R/T790M with good binding affinity through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Gossypol inhibited the kinase activity of EGFRL858R/T790M with EC50 of 150.1 nM. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that gossypol inhibited the phosphorylation of EGFR and its downstream signal pathways in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Gossypol inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of NSCLC cells by targeting EGFRL858R/T790M. Our findings provided a basis for developing novel EGFRL858R/T790M inhibitors for treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Huanling Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xingxing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Fugang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zebo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Elaine Lai Han Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Respiratory Medicine Department, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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21
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Wang JL, Fang CL, Tzeng YT, Hsu HL, Lin SE, Yu MC, Bai KJ, Wang LS, Liu HE. Prognostic value of localization of epidermal growth factor receptor in lung adenocarcinoma. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:53. [PMID: 29950164 PMCID: PMC6022489 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The nuclear translocation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been considered to play a role in carcinogenesis. However, the relevance of differentially located EGFR proteins in lung cancer remains unclear. Methods We examined 161 patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma to detect EGFR expression in lung cancer cells using immunohistochemistry and determined the correlations of EGFR expression with clinical characteristics, EGFR mutations, and survival time. Moreover, we graded complete membranous staining with strong intensity as high membranous EGFR (mEGFR) expression, and nuclear EGFR staining with strong intensity as high nuclear (nEGFR) expression. Results The prevalence of high mEGFR and nEGFR expression in lung adenocarcinoma was 42.86 and 39.13%, respectively. After multivariate analyses, high mEGFR expression was associated with a significantly reduced mortality risk in older patients, those with a history of smoking, and those without brain metastasis (hazard ratio[95% confidential interval], HR[95% CI] = 0.55[0.32~ 0.92]; 0.51[0.26~ 0.98] and 0.56[0.33~ 0.94], in overall survival, respectively). An association between high nEGFR expression and early recurrence was observed in patients with metastasis (HR[95% CI] =1.68[1.05~ 2.68], in progression-free survival). Notably, patients with low mEGFR and low nEGFR expression had the lowest survival rate in cases without brain metastasis (p = 0.018) and with a history of smoking (p = 0.062) and total EGFR (any high mEGFR or nEGFR) expression indicated a more favorable response to platinum-based chemotherapy regardless of EGFR mutations (HR[95% CI] =0.33[0.12–0.92]; adjusted HR[95% CI] = 0.36[0.13~ 1.02] with the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitor). Conclusions EGFR proteins at different cellular locations in lung adenocarcinoma might influence the biology of cancer cells and are an independent indicator of more favorable prognosis and treatment response. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12929-018-0451-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinn-Li Wang
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No.111, Sec. 3, Xinglong Rd, Wenshan Dist, 11696, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St. Taipei, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Collage of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St. Taipei, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lang Fang
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No.111, Sec. 3, Xinglong Rd, Wenshan Dist, 11696, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St. Taipei, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tien Tzeng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No.111, Sec. 3, Xinglong Rd, Wenshan Dist, 11696, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Lin Hsu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No.111, Sec. 3, Xinglong Rd, Wenshan Dist, 11696, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St. Taipei, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sey-En Lin
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No.111, Sec. 3, Xinglong Rd, Wenshan Dist, 11696, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St. Taipei, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Yu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No.111, Sec. 3, Xinglong Rd, Wenshan Dist, 11696, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Jen Bai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No.111, Sec. 3, Xinglong Rd, Wenshan Dist, 11696, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Shun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Collage of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St. Taipei, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No.291, Zhongzheng Rd., Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Hsingjin Eugene Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Collage of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St. Taipei, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No.111, Sec. 3, Xinglong Rd, Wenshan Dist, 11696, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR): A rising star in the era of precision medicine of lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:50209-50220. [PMID: 28430586 PMCID: PMC5564844 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. In tumors, the important role of noncoding RNA regulatory networks has been more and more reveal. EGFR has been identified as an oncogenic driver of NSCLC, especially activating mutations EGFR and its inhibition with specific TKIs can generate dramatic tumor responses. Studies have shown that EGFR plays significant roles in the progression of NSCLC. Subset analysis of the small proportion of patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancer showed a disease-free survival benefit, but was underpowered to detect a survival advantage. Herein, we highlight the progression of EGFR, noncoding RNA, and their roles in carcinogenesis. We also focus on anti-lung cancer drug development and EGFR-related drug resistance.
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23
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Al-Akhrass H, Naves T, Vincent F, Magnaudeix A, Durand K, Bertin F, Melloni B, Jauberteau MO, Lalloué F. Sortilin limits EGFR signaling by promoting its internalization in lung cancer. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1182. [PMID: 29084952 PMCID: PMC5662760 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase receptors such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transduce information from the microenvironment into the cell and activate homeostatic signaling pathways. Internalization and degradation of EGFR after ligand binding limits the intensity of proliferative signaling, thereby helping to maintain cell integrity. In cancer cells, deregulation of EGFR trafficking has a variety of effects on tumor progression. Here we report that sortilin is a key regulator of EGFR internalization. Loss of sortilin in tumor cells promoted cell proliferation by sustaining EGFR signaling at the cell surface, ultimately accelerating tumor growth. In lung cancer patients, sortilin expression decreased with increased pathologic grade, and expression of sortilin was strongly correlated with survival, especially in patients with high EGFR expression. Sortilin is therefore a regulator of EGFR intracellular trafficking that promotes receptor internalization and limits signaling, which in turn impacts tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Al-Akhrass
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - Thomas Naves
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France.
| | - François Vincent
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France.,Service de Pathologie Respiratoire, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges, 87042, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - Amandine Magnaudeix
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - Karine Durand
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France.,Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges, 87042, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - François Bertin
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Cardio-vasculaire, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges, 87042, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - Boris Melloni
- Service de Pathologie Respiratoire, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges, 87042, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - Marie-Odile Jauberteau
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France.,Service d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Limoges, 87042, Limoges CEDEX, France
| | - Fabrice Lalloué
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies and Chaire de Pneumologie Expérimentale, Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, 2 Rue du Dr. Raymond Marcland, 87025, Limoges CEDEX, France
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Koo T, Yoon AR, Cho HY, Bae S, Yun CO, Kim JS. Selective disruption of an oncogenic mutant allele by CRISPR/Cas9 induces efficient tumor regression. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:7897-7908. [PMID: 28575452 PMCID: PMC5570104 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 15% of non-small cell lung cancer cases are associated with a mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, which plays a critical role in tumor progression. With the goal of treating mutated EGFR-mediated lung cancer, we demonstrate the use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) system to discriminate between the oncogenic mutant and wild-type EGFR alleles and eliminate the carcinogenic mutant EGFR allele with high accuracy. We targeted an EGFR oncogene harboring a single-nucleotide missense mutation (CTG > CGG) that generates a protospacer-adjacent motif sequence recognized by the CRISPR/Cas9 derived from Streptococcus pyogenes. Co-delivery of Cas9 and an EGFR mutation-specific single-guide RNA via adenovirus resulted in precise disruption at the oncogenic mutation site with high specificity. Furthermore, this CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutant allele disruption led to significantly enhanced cancer cell killing and reduced tumor size in a xenograft mouse model of human lung cancer. Taken together, these results indicate that targeting an oncogenic mutation using CRISPR/Cas9 offers a powerful surgical strategy to disrupt oncogenic mutations to treat cancers; similar strategies could be used to treat other mutation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoung Koo
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Basic Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to the paper as first authors
| | - A-Rum Yoon
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to the paper as first authors
| | - Hee-Yeon Cho
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +82 2 880 9327; . Correspondence may also be addressed to Chae-Ok Yun. Tel: +82 2 2220 0491;
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Basic Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +82 2 880 9327; . Correspondence may also be addressed to Chae-Ok Yun. Tel: +82 2 2220 0491;
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EGFR-activating mutations, DNA copy number abundance of ErbB family, and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:9017-25. [PMID: 26824984 PMCID: PMC4891022 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, EGFR-activating mutation status and DNA copy number abundances of members of ErbB family were measured in 261 lung adenocarcinomas. The associations between DNA copy number abundances of ErbB family, EGFR-activating mutation status, and prognosis were explored. Results showed that DNA copy number abundances of EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB3, and ERBB4 had associations with overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR-activating mutations. In the stratification analysis, only ERBB2 showed significant discrepancy in patients carrying wild type EGFR and other members of ErbB family in patients carrying EGFR-activating mutation. This indicated that CNAs of ErbB family had effect modifications of EGFR-activating mutation status. Findings of this study demonstrate potential molecular guidance of patient management of lung adenocarcinoma with or without EGFR-activating mutations.
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Park SH, Seong MA, Lee HY. p38 MAPK-induced MDM2 degradation confers paclitaxel resistance through p53-mediated regulation of EGFR in human lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:8184-99. [PMID: 26799187 PMCID: PMC4884985 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent that is used to treat a variety of cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the emergence of drug resistance limits the utility of PTX. This study determined the signaling pathway that contributes to PTX resistance. We first established PTX resistant cell lines (H460/R and 226B/R) using a dose-escalating maintenance of PTX. We found that p38 MAPK and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were constitutively activated in these cell lines. The inhibition of p38 MAPK activity by SB203580 treatment or the transfection of dominant-negative p38 MAPK sensitized both cell lines to PTX treatment. Erlotinib, an EGFR inhibitor, also increased PTX-induced apoptosis in PTX resistant cells, which suggests a role for p38 MAPK and EGFR in the development of PTX resistance. We demonstrated that p38 MAPK enhanced EGFR expression via the induction of the rapid degradation of mouse double-minute 2 homolog (MDM2) and the consequent stabilization of p53, a transcription factor of EGFR. These results suggest for the first time that the p38 MAPK/p53/EGFR axis is crucial for the facilitation of PTX resistance in NSCLCs. We also propose a mechanism for the role of the tumor-suppressor p53 in drug resistance. These results provide a foundation for the future development of potential therapeutic strategies to regulate the p38 MAPK/p53/EGFR pathway for the treatment of lung cancer patients with PTX resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hyung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-A Seong
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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De Miguel D, Gallego-Lleyda A, Ayuso JM, Erviti-Ardanaz S, Pazo-Cid R, del Agua C, Fernández LJ, Ochoa I, Anel A, Martinez-Lostao L. TRAIL-coated lipid-nanoparticles overcome resistance to soluble recombinant TRAIL in non-small cell lung cancer cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:185101. [PMID: 27001952 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/18/185101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one the types of cancer with higher prevalence and mortality. Apo2-Ligand/TRAIL is a TNF family member able to induce apoptosis in tumor cells but not in normal cells. It has been tested in clinical trials against different types of human cancer including NSCLC. However, results of clinical trials have shown a limited efficacy of TRAIL-based therapies. Recently we have demonstrated that artificial lipid nanoparticles coated with bioactive Apo2L/TRAIL (LUV-TRAIL) greatly improved TRAIL cytotoxic ability being capable of killing chemoresistant hematological cancer cells. In the present work we have extended the study to NSCLC. METHODS/PATIENTS LUV-TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity was assessed on different NSCLC cell lines with different sensitivity to soluble TRAIL and on primary human tumor cells from three patients suffering from NSCLC cancer. We also tested LUV-TRAIL-cytotoxic ability in combination with several anti-tumor agents. RESULTS LUV-TRAIL exhibited a greater cytotoxic effect compared to soluble TRAIL both in A549 cells and primary human NSCLC cells. LUV-TRAIL-induced cell death was dependent on caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation. Moreover, combination of LUV-TRAIL with other anti-tumor agents such as flavopiridol, and SNS-032 clearly enhanced LUV-TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity against NSCLC cancer cells. CONCLUSION The novel formulation of TRAIL based on displaying it on the surface of lipid nanoparticles greatly increases its anti-tumor activity and has clinical potential in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego De Miguel
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
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Trial-Based Cost-Utility Analysis of Icotinib versus Gefitinib as Second-Line Therapy for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in China. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151846. [PMID: 27015267 PMCID: PMC4807816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our objective is to compare the cost-utility of icotinib and gefitinib for the second-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system. Methods Model technology was applied to assess the data of randomized clinical trials and the direct medical costs from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system. Five-year quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental cost-utility ratios (ICURs) were calculated. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) were performed. Results Our model suggested that the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.2 months in the icotinib group and 3.5 months in the gefitinib group while they were 4.6 months and 3.4 months, respectively, in the trials. The 5-year QALYs was 0.279 in the icotinib group and 0.269 in the gefitinib group, and the according medical costs were $10662.82 and $13127.57. The ICUR/QALY of icotinib versus gefitinib presented negative in this study. The most sensitive parameter to the ICUR was utility of PFS, ranging from $-1,259,991.25 to $-182,296.61; accordingly the icotinib treatment consistently represented a dominant cost-utility strategy. Conclusions The icotinib strategy, as a second-line therapy for advanced NSCLC patients in China, is the preferred strategy relative to gefitinib because of the dominant cost-utility. In addition, icotinib shows a good curative effect and safety, resulting in a strong demand for the Chinese market.
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Won B, Carey GB, Tan YHC, Bokhary U, Itkonen M, Szeto K, Wallace J, Campbell N, Hensing T, Salgia R. The Chicago Thoracic Oncology Database Consortium: A Multisite Database Initiative. Cureus 2016; 8:e533. [PMID: 27092293 PMCID: PMC4833499 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: An increasing amount of clinical data is available to biomedical researchers, but specifically designed database and informatics infrastructures are needed to handle this data effectively. Multiple research groups should be able to pool and share this data in an efficient manner. The Chicago Thoracic Oncology Database Consortium (CTODC) was created to standardize data collection and facilitate the pooling and sharing of data at institutions throughout Chicago and across the world. We assessed the CTODC by conducting a proof of principle investigation on lung cancer patients who took erlotinib. This study does not look into epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but rather it discusses the development and utilization of the database involved. Methods: We have implemented the Thoracic Oncology Program Database Project (TOPDP) Microsoft Access, the Thoracic Oncology Research Program (TORP) Velos, and the TORP REDCap databases for translational research efforts. Standard operating procedures (SOPs) were created to document the construction and proper utilization of these databases. These SOPs have been made available freely to other institutions that have implemented their own databases patterned on these SOPs. Results: A cohort of 373 lung cancer patients who took erlotinib was identified. The EGFR mutation statuses of patients were analyzed. Out of the 70 patients that were tested, 55 had mutations while 15 did not. In terms of overall survival and duration of treatment, the cohort demonstrated that EGFR-mutated patients had a longer duration of erlotinib treatment and longer overall survival compared to their EGFR wild-type counterparts who received erlotinib. Discussion: The investigation successfully yielded data from all institutions of the CTODC. While the investigation identified challenges, such as the difficulty of data transfer and potential duplication of patient data, these issues can be resolved with greater cross-communication between institutions of the consortium. Conclusion: The investigation described herein demonstrates the successful data collection from multiple institutions in the context of a collaborative effort. The data presented here can be utilized as the basis for further collaborative efforts and/or development of larger and more streamlined databases within the consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Won
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago Medicine
| | - George B Carey
- The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | | | - Ujala Bokhary
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Hensing
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Pathology and Dermatology, The University of Chicago Medicine
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Song Z, Ge Y, Wang C, Huang S, Shu X, Liu K, Zhou Y, Ma X. Challenges and Perspectives on the Development of Small-Molecule EGFR Inhibitors against T790M-Mediated Resistance in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6580-94. [PMID: 26882288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Because of the development of drug-resistance mutations, particularly the "gatekeeper" threonine(790)-to-methionine(790) (T790M) mutation in the ATP-binding pocket of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the current generation of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors lost their clinical efficacy. Recently, a large number of small-molecule inhibitors with striking inhibitory potency against EGFR mutants with the T790M change have been identified. In particular, the inhibitors rociletinib and osimertinib, which can selectively target both sensitizing mutations and the T790M resistance while sparing the wild-type (WT) form of the receptor, have been designated as breakthrough therapies in the treatment of mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by the U.S. FDA in 2014. We hope that this review on the small-molecule EGFR T790M inhibitors, along with their discovery strategies, will assist in the design of future T790M-containing EGFR inhibitors with high levels of selectivity over WT EGFR, broad kinase selectivity, and desirable physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Yang Ge
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Youwen Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E8, Canada
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044, P. R. China
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Jotte RM, Spigel DR. Advances in molecular-based personalized non-small-cell lung cancer therapy: targeting epidermal growth factor receptor and mechanisms of resistance. Cancer Med 2015; 4:1621-32. [PMID: 26310719 PMCID: PMC4673988 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecularly targeted therapies, directed against the features of a given tumor, have allowed for a personalized approach to the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The reversible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib and erlotinib had undergone turbulent clinical development until it was discovered that these agents have preferential activity in patients with NSCLC harboring activating EGFR mutations. Since then, a number of phase 3 clinical trials have collectively shown that EGFR-TKI monotherapy is more effective than combination chemotherapy as first-line therapy for EGFR mutation-positive advanced NSCLC. The next generation of EGFR-directed agents for EGFR mutation-positive advanced NSCLC is irreversible TKIs against EGFR and other ErbB family members, including afatinib, which was recently approved, and dacomitinib, which is currently being tested in phase 3 trials. As research efforts continue to explore the various proposed mechanisms of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI therapy, agents that target signaling pathways downstream of EGFR are being studied in combination with EGFR TKIs in molecularly selected advanced NSCLC. Overall, the results of numerous ongoing phase 3 trials involving the EGFR TKIs will be instrumental in determining whether further gains in personalized therapy for advanced NSCLC are attainable with newer agents and combinations. This article reviews key clinical trial data for personalized NSCLC therapy with agents that target the EGFR and related pathways, specifically based on molecular characteristics of individual tumors, and mechanisms of resistance.
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Park S, Langley E, Sun JM, Lockton S, Ahn JS, Jain A, Park K, Singh S, Kim P, Ahn MJ. Low EGFR/MET ratio is associated with resistance to EGFR inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:30929-38. [PMID: 26439803 PMCID: PMC4741578 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene are predictive markers for response to EGFR inhibitors, 30-40% of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are de novo non-responders. Hence, we sought to explore additional biomarkers of response. METHODS We conducted a prospective pilot study to characterize the expression and/or activation of key receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in stage IIIB-IV NSCLC tumors. A total of 37 patients were enrolled and 34 underwent EGFR inhibitor treatment. RESULTS As expected, patients bearing activating EGFR mutations showed increased progression free survival (PFS) compared to patients with wild-type EGFR status (9.3 vs 1.4 months, p = 0.0629). Analysis of baseline tumor RTK profiles revealed that, regardless of EGFR mutation status, higher levels of EGFR relative to MET correlated with longer PFS. At multiple EGFR/MET ratio cut-offs, including 1, 2 and 3, median PFS according to below vs. above cut-offs were 0.4 vs. 6.1 (p = 0.0001), 0.5 vs. 9.3 (p = 0.0006) and 1.0 vs. 11.2 months (p = 0.0008), respectively. CONCLUSION The EGFR/MET ratio measured in tumors at baseline may help identify NSCLC patients most likely to benefit from prolonged PFS when treated with EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Emma Langley
- Prometheus Laboratories Inc, A Nestlé Health Science Company, Department of Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jong-Mu Sun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Steve Lockton
- Prometheus Laboratories Inc, A Nestlé Health Science Company, Department of Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Anjali Jain
- Prometheus Laboratories Inc, A Nestlé Health Science Company, Department of Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Keunchil Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sharat Singh
- Prometheus Laboratories Inc, A Nestlé Health Science Company, Department of Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Phillip Kim
- Prometheus Laboratories Inc, A Nestlé Health Science Company, Department of Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Sun G, Liu B, He J, Zhao X, Li B. Expression of EGFR Is Closely Related to Reduced 3-Year Survival Rate in Chinese Female NSCLC. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:2225-31. [PMID: 26230859 PMCID: PMC4554359 DOI: 10.12659/msm.894786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 80% of lung carcinoma cases, which becomes more and more important in the field of lung carcinoma as well as primary lung carcinoma in females. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed the medical history of 62 female NSCLC patients. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe and compare the expression of EGFR. The chi-square test was conducted to analyze associations between EGFR expression and the different variables. The cumulative survival rate was determined by the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method. The prognosis of female patients with NSCLC was examined by using a multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model. RESULTS The expression proportion of EGFR in Chinese female NSCLC patients was 70.97%, and it was remarkably higher in adenocarcinoma than in squamous cell carcinoma and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. A positive correlation was observed between EGFR expression and tumor-node metastasis staging or lymph node metastasis. The Cox proportional risk model analysis showed a correlation between postoperative survival time of the patients and pathology of the tumor type and lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Expression of EGFR was closely related to pathology of the tumor type, tumor-node metastasis staging, and lymph node metastasis, which could be used as a promising indicator of NSCLC in Chinese female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Sun
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Respiratory, Liqun Hospital of Putuo District, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Jin He
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Xuewei Zhao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Respiratory, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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Pak MG, Lee CH, Lee WJ, Shin DH, Roh MS. Unique microRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma groups according to major TKI sensitive EGFR mutation status. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:99. [PMID: 26170125 PMCID: PMC4501046 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality, despite development of therapeutic strategies. Altered expression of microRNAs(miRNAs) in human malignancies have been well recognized as diagnostic and prognostic indicators, including lung cancer. This study aims to delineate the clinicopathologic significance of three unique miRNAs in adenocarcinoma according to major sensitive EGFR mutation status. Methods One-hundred and three formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues were collected from lung adenocarcinoma patients who underwent surgery and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation study. The samples were divided into three groups which include EGFR mutation in exons 19 and 21 and wild type. Some representative cases from each group were profiled using commercial miRNA microarray plates. Three significant miRNAs were selected and they were validated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), using collective cases of FFPE samples. Results We identified three microRNAs (miR-34c, miR-183, and miR-210) which showed significantly altered expression in all groups of lung adenocarcinoma by microarray study. Compared to normal control lung tissue, down-regulation of miR-34c and up-regulation of miR-183 and miR-210 were identified in caner groups (p < 0.05 for each). We validated the expression of three miRNAs by qRT-PCR. Expression levels of miR-34c, miR-183, and miR-210 were significantly different between normal control group and cancer groups (p = 0.034, <0.000, and 0.036, respectively). Moreover, expression level of miR-183 was significantly higher in EGFR mutation groups than wild type group (p = 0.028). Higher expression levels of three miRNAs were positively related to poor tumor differentiation. Increased expression of miR-183 was positively associated with lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.037). Aberrant expression of miR-210 was independently associated with T stage (p = 0.019), and TNM stage (p = 0.007). However, there was noted a limited statistical significance. In EGFR exon 19 mutation group, miR-34c high expression group showed poor overall survival than low expression one by univariate Kaplan-Meier method. (p = 0.035). Conclusions Here, we show that miR-34c may act as a potential tumor suppressor gene and miR-183 and miR-210 have a potential oncogenic role in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. This study also suggests different miRNA expression between EGFR mutation group and wild type group. Consequently, further studies of the biology of miRNAs may lead to diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gyoung Pak
- Department of Pathology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Hun Lee
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National Univeristy Hospital, 1-10 Ami-dong, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-739, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National Univeristy Hospital, 1-10 Ami-dong, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-739, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Hoon Shin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mee-Sook Roh
- Department of Pathology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Yonesaka K, Hirotani K, Kawakami H, Takeda M, Kaneda H, Sakai K, Okamoto I, Nishio K, Jänne PA, Nakagawa K. Anti-HER3 monoclonal antibody patritumab sensitizes refractory non-small cell lung cancer to the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib. Oncogene 2015; 35:878-86. [PMID: 25961915 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 3 is aberrantly overexpressed and correlates with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patritumab is a monoclonal antibody against HER3 that has shown promising results in early-phase clinical trials, but an optimal target population for the drug has yet to be identified. In the present study, we examined whether heregulin, a HER3 ligand that is also overexpressed in a subset of NSCLC, can be used as a biomarker to predict the antitumorigenic efficacy of patritumab and whether the drug can overcome the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR TKI) resistance induced by heregulin. Patritumab sensitivity was associated with heregulin expression, which, when abolished, resulted in the loss of HER3 and AKT activation and growth arrest. Furthermore, heregulin overexpression induced EGFR TKI resistance in NSCLC cells harbouring an activating EGFR mutation, while HER3 and AKT activation was maintained in the presence of erlotinib in heregulin-overexpressing, EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells. Sustained HER3-AKT activation was blocked by combining erlotinib with either anti-HER2 or anti-HER3 antibody. Notably, heregulin was upregulated in tissue samples from an NSCLC patient who had an activating EGFR mutation but was resistant to the TKI gefitinib. These results indicate that patritumab can overcome heregulin-dependent EGFR inhibitor resistance in NSCLC in vitro and in vivo and suggest that it can be used in combination with EGFR TKIs to treat a subset of heregulin-overexpressing NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yonesaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Hirotani
- Daiichi-Sankyo Pharmaceutical Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Kawakami
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Takeda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Kaneda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Sakai
- Department of Genome Biology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - I Okamoto
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - K Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - P A Jänne
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Immunotherapy for lung cancer: for whom the bell tolls? Tumour Biol 2015; 36:1411-22. [PMID: 25736929 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death and accounts for approximately 30% of all cancer deaths. Despite the recent developments in personalized therapy, the prognosis in lung cancer is still very poor. Immunotherapy is now emerging as a new hope for patients with lung cancer. It is well known that standard chemotherapeutic regimens have devastating effects for the patient's immune system. Therefore, the aim of immunotherapy is to specifically enhance the immune response against the tumour. Recently, many trials addressed the role of such therapies for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment: ipilimumab, tremelimumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab are immunotherapeutic agents of high relevance in this field. Anti-tumour vaccines, as well as dendritic cell-based therapies, have emerged as potent inducers of immune response against the tumour. Herein, we will review some of the most promising cancer immunotherapies, highlighting their advantages and try to understand, in an immunological perspective, the missteps associated with the current treatments for cancer.
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Kim TH, Moon JY, Kim SH, Paik SS, Yoon HJ, Shin DH, Park SS, Sohn JW. Clinical significance of aberrant Wnt7a promoter methylation in human non-small cell lung cancer in Koreans. J Korean Med Sci 2015; 30:155-61. [PMID: 25653486 PMCID: PMC4310941 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2015.30.2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway has regulatory roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and polarity. Aberrant Wnt pathway regulation can lead to abnormal cell proliferation and cancer, and loss of Wnt7a expression has been demonstrated in lung cancer cell lines. E-cadherin keeps intercellular integrity and prevents metastasis. Therefore, E-cadherin has been known as a prognostic factor in cancer. In the present study, we investigated the E-cadherin expression status by immunohistochemical stain and the Wnt7a promoter methylation status in human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) by methylation-specific PCR. We also analyzed their correlations with clinicopathological factors. Methylation of the Wnt7a gene promoter was detected in the lung tissues of 32 of 121 (26.4%) patients with NSCLC. Wnt7a promoter methylation was correlated with advanced tumor stage (P = 0.036) and distant metastasis (P = 0.037). In addition, Wnt7a promoter methylation showed correlation with loss of E-cadherin expression (P < 0.001). However, Wnt7a promoter methylation was not closely related with gender, age, histological type, or smoking habit. Even though Wnt7a methylation could not show significant correlation with the long term survival of the patients with limited follow up data, these findings suggest that loss of the Wnt7a gene induced by promoter methylation might be another prognostic factor for NSCLC and that restoration of Wnt7a may be a promising treatment for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Yong Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Sam Paik
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Joo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jang Won Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Oncogenic alterations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling are frequently observed in lung cancer patients with worse differentiation and poor prognosis. However, the therapeutic efficacy of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is currently limited in selected patients with EGFR mutations. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the potential molecular mechanism that contributes to cell viability and the response of gefitinib, one of the EGFR-TKIs, in lung cancer models with wide-type EGFR (wtEGFR). Interestingly, we found that EGF-induced EGFR endocytosis is existed differently between gefitinib-sensitive and -insensitive lung cancer cell lines. Suppressing EGFR endocytos decreased cell viability and increased apoptotic cell death in gefitinib-insensitive lung cancer with wtEGFR in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we found that Rab25 was differentially expressed in between gefitinib-sensitive and -insensitive lung cancer cells. Rab25 knockdown caused the changed EGFR endocytosis and reverted the gefitinib response in gefitinib-sensitive lung cancer with wtEGFR in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings suggest a novel insight that EGFR endocytosis is a rational therapeutic target in lung cancer with wtEGFR, in which the combined efficacy with gefitinib is expected. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Rab25 plays an important role in EGFR endocytosis and gefitinib therapy.
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Gundogdu AG, Onder S, Firat P, Dogan R. EGFR immunoexpression, RAS immunoexpression and their effects on survival in lung adenocarcinoma cases. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6:778-84. [PMID: 24977003 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.04.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impacts of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) immunoexpression and RAS immunoexpression on the survival and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients are debated in the literature. METHODS Twenty-six patients, who underwent pulmonary resections between 2002 and 2007 in our clinic, and whose pathologic examinations yielded adenocarcinoma, were included in the study. EGFR and RAS expression levels were examined by immunohistochemical methods. The results were compared with the survival, stage of the disease, nodal involvement, lymphovascular invasion, and pleural invasion. Nonparametric bivariate analyses were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS A significant link between EGFR immunoexpression and survival has been identified while RAS immunoexpression and survival have been proven to be irrelevant. Neither EGFR, nor RAS has displayed a significant link with the stage of the disease, nodal involvement, lymphovascular invasion, or pleural invasion. CONCLUSIONS Positive EGFR immunoexpression affects survival negatively, while RAS immunoexpression has no effect on survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Gokhan Gundogdu
- 1 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Dr. Nafiz Korez Sincan State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey ; 2 Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey ; 3 Department of Pathology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey ; 4 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevgen Onder
- 1 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Dr. Nafiz Korez Sincan State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey ; 2 Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey ; 3 Department of Pathology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey ; 4 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pinar Firat
- 1 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Dr. Nafiz Korez Sincan State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey ; 2 Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey ; 3 Department of Pathology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey ; 4 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Riza Dogan
- 1 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Dr. Nafiz Korez Sincan State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey ; 2 Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey ; 3 Department of Pathology, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey ; 4 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Domvri K, Zarogoulidis P, Darwiche K, Browning RF, Li Q, Turner JF, Kioumis I, Spyratos D, Porpodis K, Papaiwannou A, Tsiouda T, Freitag L, Zarogoulidis K. Molecular Targeted Drugs and Biomarkers in NSCLC, the Evolving Role of Individualized Therapy. J Cancer 2013; 4:736-54. [PMID: 24312144 PMCID: PMC3842443 DOI: 10.7150/jca.7734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer first line treatment has been directed from the non-specific cytotoxic doublet chemotherapy to the molecular targeted. The major limitation of the targeted therapies still remains the small number of patients positive to gene mutations. Furthermore, the differentiation between second line and maintenance therapy has not been fully clarified and differs in the clinical practice between cancer centers. The authors present a segregation between maintenance treatment and second line and present a possible definition for the term “maintenance” treatment. In addition, cancer cell evolution induces mutations and therefore either targeted therapies or non-specific chemotherapy drugs in many patients become ineffective. In the present work pathways such as epidermal growth factor, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, met proto-oncogene and PI3K are extensively presented and correlated with current chemotherapy treatment. Future, perspectives for targeted treatment are presented based on the current publications and ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Domvri
- 1. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Doval DC, Azam S, Batra U, Choudhury KD, Talwar V, Gupta SK, Mehta A. Epidermal growth factor receptor mutation in lung adenocarcinoma in India: A single center study. J Carcinog 2013; 12:12. [PMID: 23961259 PMCID: PMC3746453 DOI: 10.4103/1477-3163.114970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenocarcinoma, a subgroup of non-small cell lung cancer, is the most frequent form occurring in the non-smokers. Mutation in tyrosine kinase domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been a common feature observed in lung adenocarcinoma. The study was carried out to detect the prevalence of EGFR mutation in lung adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS EGFR mutation status in 166 lung adenocarcinoma patients was obtained retrospectively. Mutation tests were performed on paraffin embedded tissue blocks as a routine diagnostic procedure by polymerase chain reaction followed by direct nucleotide sequencing. Patient's demographics and other clinical details were obtained from the medical records. RESULTS EGFR mutation was detected in 43/166 (25.9%) patients. Gender wise mutation was observed as 18/55 (32.7%) in females and 25/111 (22.5%) in males. Overall, EGFR mutation was correlated with never smokers and distant metastasis (P < 0.05), but not associated with the gender, disease stage and pleural effusion. Exon 19 deletions were significantly correlated with females, never smokers, pleural effusion and distant metastasis (P < 0.05). However, point mutation on exon 21 did not show any statistical association with the above variables. Median overall survival was 22 months (95% confidence interval, 15.4-28.6). Female sex, EGFR mutation and absence of metastasis are associated with good prognosis. CONCLUSION EGFR mutation in lung adenocarcinoma was higher in never smokers, females and patients with distant metastasis. However, it was not linked with tobacco smoking. The prevalence of EGFR mutation observed is in range with the previously published reports from the Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Chandra Doval
- Department of Medical Oncology, Research, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India ; Department of Research, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common malignant disease leading to death worldwide. Histologically, it is broadly subcategorized into small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with the latter mainly consisting of the major entities adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. However, molecular profiling of various lung cancer entities has revealed major molecular differences within distinct histological tumor entities, resulting in the integration of molecular alterations in the subclassification of lung cancers. These findings can only estimate the genetic complexity of lung tumors. Large scale molecular profiling has the potential to identify novel diagnostic, prognostic and predictive markers as well as therapeutic targets. Importantly, this recently arising categorization of lung carcinomas can be regarded as an example for the characterization of malignomas of other organ systems. The pioneer model for this molecular subcategorization is the classification of malignant lymphomas.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND An understanding of the activated protein signaling architecture in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is of critical importance to the development of new therapeutic approaches and identification of predictive and prognostic biomarkers for patient stratification. METHODS We used reverse-phase protein microarrays to map the activated protein signaling networks of 47 NSCLC tumors, 28 of which were node negative, which were subjected to tumor cellular enrichment using laser capture microdissection. The phosphorylation/cleavage levels of 111 key signaling proteins and total levels of 17 proteins were measured for broadscale signaling analysis. RESULTS Pathway activation mapping of NSCLC revealed distinct subgroups composed of epidermal growth factor receptor (ERBB1), v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (ERBB2), v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 3 (ERBB3), v-erb-a erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 4 (ERBB4), v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1- mammalian target of rapamycin (AKT-mTOR), protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit (AMPK), and autophagy-related signaling, along with transforming growth factor-beta-signaling protein 1 (SMAD), insulin-line growth factor receptor (IGFR), rearranged during transfection proto-oncogene (RET), and activated CDC42-associated kinase (ACK) activation. Investigation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-driven signaling identified a unique cohort of tumors with low EGFR protein expression yet high relative levels of phosphorylated EGFR and high EGFR total protein with low relative levels of phosphorylation. Last, mapping analysis of patients with NSCLC with N0 disease revealed a pilot pathway activation signature composed of linked epidermal growth factor receptor family (HER)-AMPK-AKT-mTOR signaling network along with focal adhesion kinase- LIM domain kinase-1 (FAK-LIMK) and janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathways that correlated with short-term survival and aggressive disease. CONCLUSIONS Functional protein pathway activation mapping of NSCLC reveals distinct activation subgroups that are underpinned by important therapeutic targets and that patients with early-stage node negative disease and poor prognosis may be identified by activation of defined, biochemically linked protein signaling events. Such findings, if confirmed in larger study sets, could help select and stratify patients for personalized targeted therapies.
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Chen TC, Liu YW, Huang YH, Yeh YC, Chou TY, Wu YC, Wu CC, Chen YR, Cheng HC, Lu PJ, Lai JM, Huang CYF. Protein phosphorylation profiling using an in situ proximity ligation assay: phosphorylation of AURKA-elicited EGFR-Thr654 and EGFR-Ser1046 in lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55657. [PMID: 23520446 PMCID: PMC3592865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is up-regulated in lung cancer, involves the activation of mitogenic signals and triggers multiple signaling cascades. To dissect these EGFR cascades, we used 14 different phospho-EGFR antibodies to quantify protein phosphorylation using an in situ proximity ligation assay (in situ PLA). Phosphorylation at EGFR-Thr654 and -Ser1046 was EGF-dependent in the wild-type (WT) receptor but EGF-independent in a cell line carrying the EGFR-L858R mutation. Using a ProtoAarray™ containing ∼5000 recombinant proteins on the protein chip, we found that AURKA interacted with the EGFR-L861Q mutant. Moreover, overexpression of EGFR could form a complex with AURKA, and the inhibitors of AURKA and EGFR decreased EGFR-Thr654 and -Ser1046 phosphorylation. Immunohistochemical staining of stage I lung adenocarcinoma tissues demonstrated a positive correlation between AURKA expression and phosphorylation of EGFR at Thr654 and Ser1046 in EGFR-mutant specimens, but not in EGFR-WT specimens. The interplay between EGFR and AURKA provides an explanation for the difference in EGF dependency between EGFR-WT and EGFR-mutant cells and may provide a new therapeutic strategy for lung cancer patients carrying EGFR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chi Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Liu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yei-Hsuan Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Yeh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ying Chou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chung Wu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Rong Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chuan Cheng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Mei Lai
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying F. Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Lee Y, Lee HJ, Kim YT, Kang CH, Goo JM, Park CM, Paeng JC, Chung DH, Jeon YK. Imaging characteristics of stage I non-small cell lung cancer on CT and FDG-PET: relationship with epidermal growth factor receptor protein expression status and survival. Korean J Radiol 2013; 14:375-83. [PMID: 23483676 PMCID: PMC3590355 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2013.14.2.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify CT and FDG-PET features associated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein overexpression, and to evaluate whether imaging features and EGFR-overexpression can help predict clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 214 patients (M : F = 129 : 85; mean age, 63.2) who underwent curative resection of stage I non-small cell lung cancer, EGFR protein expression status was determined through immunohistochemical analysis. Imaging characteristics on CT and FDG-PET was assessed in relation to EGFR-overexpression. Imaging features and EGFR-overexpression were also evaluated for clinical outcome by using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS EGFR-overexpression was found in 51 patients (23.8%). It was significantly more frequent in tumors with an SUV(max) > 5.0 (p < 0.0001), diameter > 2.43 cm (p < 0.0001), and with ground glass opacity ≤ 50% (p = 0.0073). SUV(max) > 5.0 (OR, 3.113; 95% CI, 1.375-7.049; p = 0.006) and diameter > 2.43 cm (OR, 2.799; 95% CI, 1.285-6.095; p = 0.010) were independent predictors of EGFR overexpression. Multivariate analysis showed that SUV(max) > 4.0 (hazard ratio, 10.660; 95% CI, 1.370-82.966; p = 0.024), and the presence of cavitation within a tumor (hazard ratio, 3.122; 95% CI, 1.143-8.532; p = 0.026) were factors associated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSION EGFR-overexpression is associated with high SUV(max), large tumor diameter, and small GGO proportion. CT and FDG-PET findings, which are closely related to EGFR overexpression, can be valuable in the prediction of clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youkyung Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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Minakata K, Takahashi F, Nara T, Hashimoto M, Tajima K, Murakami A, Nurwidya F, Yae S, Koizumi F, Moriyama H, Seyama K, Nishio K, Takahashi K. Hypoxia induces gefitinib resistance in non-small-cell lung cancer with both mutant and wild-type epidermal growth factor receptors. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:1946-54. [PMID: 22863020 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, such as exon 19 deletion mutations, are important factors in determining therapeutic responses to gefitinib in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, some patients have activating mutations in EGFR and show poor responses to gefitinib. In this study, we examined three NSCLC cell lines, HCC827, PC9, and HCC2935, that expressed an EGFR exon 19 deletion mutation. All cells expressed mutant EGFR, but the PC9 and HCC2935 cells also expressed wild-type EGFR. The HCC827 cells were highly sensitive to gefitinib under both normoxia and hypoxia. However, the PC9 and HCC2935 cells were more resistant to gefitinib under hypoxic conditions compared to normoxia. Phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK was suppressed with gefitinib treatment to a lesser extent under hypoxia. The expression of transforming growth factor-α (TGFα) was dramatically upregulated under hypoxia, and the knockdown of TGFα or hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) reversed the resistance to gefitinib in hypoxic PC9 and HCC2935 cells. Finally, introduction of the wild-type EGFR gene into the HCC827 cells caused resistance to gefitinib under hypoxia. This phenomenon was also reversed by the knockdown of TGFα or HIF1α. Our results indicate that hypoxia causes gefitinib resistance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC through the activation of wild-type EGFR mediated by the upregulation of TGFα. The presence of wild-type and mutant EGFR along with tumor hypoxia are important factors that should be considered when treating NSCLC patients with gefitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiko Minakata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Improta G, Zupa A, Fillmore H, Deng J, Aieta M, Musto P, Liotta LA, Broaddus W, Petricoin EF, Wulfkuhle JD. Protein pathway activation mapping of brain metastasis from lung and breast cancers reveals organ type specific drug target activation. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:3089-97. [PMID: 21574647 DOI: 10.1021/pr200065t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastases are the most common fatal complication of systemic cancer, especially of lung (40-50%) and breast (20-30%) cancers. In this era of personalized therapy, there is a critical need to uncover the signaling architecture of brain metastases; however, little is known about what signaling pathways are activated in the context of the brain microenvironment. Using a unique study set of 42 brain metastases from patients with breast or nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the phosphorylation/activation states of 128 key signaling proteins involved in cancer signaling were measured in laser capture microdissected tumor epithelium using reverse phase protein microarray (RPMA) technology. Distinct pathway activation subgroups from both breast and lung metastases were underpinned by, among others, ERBB2, AKT, mTOR, EGFR, SMAD, and ERK-p38 signaling. Breast cancer metastases showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher activation of the c-ERBB2/IGFR-AKT pathway network compared to NSCLC metastases, whereas NSCLC metastases to the brain exhibited higher relative levels of many members of the EGFR-ERK signaling network. Protein pathway activation mapping using RPMA revealed both the heterogeneity of signaling networks in brain metastases that would require a prior stratification to targeted therapies as well as the requirement of direct analysis of the metastatic lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Improta
- I.R.C.C.S. Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
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Mollberg N, Surati M, Demchuk C, Fathi R, Salama AK, Husain AN, Hensing T, Salgia R. Mind-mapping for lung cancer: towards a personalized therapeutics approach. Adv Ther 2011; 28:173-94. [PMID: 21337123 PMCID: PMC3077059 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-010-0103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There were over 220,000 people diagnosed with lung cancer and over 160,000 people dying of lung cancer during 2010 alone in the United States. In order to arrive at better control, prevention, diagnosis, and therapeutics for lung cancer, we must be able to personalize the approach towards the disease. Mind-mapping has existed for centuries for physicians to properly think about various "flows" of personalized medicine. We include here the epidemiology, diagnosis, histology, and treatment of lung cancer-in particular, non-small cell lung cancer. As we have new molecular signatures for lung cancer, this is further detailed. This review is not meant to be a comprehensive review, but rather its purpose is to highlight important aspects of lung cancer diagnosis, management, and personalized treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mollberg
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, University of Illinois at Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - M Surati
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - C Demchuk
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - R Fathi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - AK Salama
- Department of Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center
| | - AN Husain
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago
| | - T Hensing
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Northshore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - R Salgia
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Mimeault M, Batra SK. Frequent deregulations in the hedgehog signaling network and cross-talks with the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway involved in cancer progression and targeted therapies. Pharmacol Rev 2010; 62:497-524. [PMID: 20716670 DOI: 10.1124/pr.109.002329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh)/glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) signaling network is among the most important and fascinating signal transduction systems that provide critical functions in the regulation of many developmental and physiological processes. The coordinated spatiotemporal interplay of the Hh ligands and other growth factors is necessary for the stringent control of the behavior of diverse types of tissue-resident stem/progenitor cells and their progenies. The activation of the Hh cascade might promote the tissue regeneration and repair after severe injury in numerous organs, insulin production in pancreatic beta-cells, and neovascularization. Consequently, the stimulation of the Hh pathway constitutes a potential therapeutic strategy to treat diverse human disorders, including severe tissue injuries; diabetes mellitus; and brain, skin, and cardiovascular disorders. In counterbalance, a deregulation of the Hh signaling network might lead to major tissular disorders and the development of a wide variety of aggressive and metastatic cancers. The target gene products induced through the persistent Hh activation can contribute to the self-renewal, survival, migration, and metastasis of cancer stem/progenitor cells and their progenies. Moreover, the pivotal role mediated through the Hh/GLI cascade during cancer progression also implicates the cooperation with other oncogenic products, such as mutated K-RAS and complex cross-talk with different growth factor pathways, including tyrosine kinase receptors, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Wnt/beta-catenin, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)/TGF-beta receptors. Therefore, the molecular targeting of distinct deregulated gene products, including Hh and EGFR signaling components and other signaling elements that are frequently deregulated in highly tumorigenic cancer-initiating cells and their progenies, might constitute a potential therapeutic strategy to eradicate the total cancer cell mass. Of clinical interest is that these multitargeted approaches offer great promise as adjuvant treatments for improving the current antihormonal therapies, radiotherapies, and/or chemotherapies against locally advanced and metastatic cancers, thereby preventing disease relapse and the death of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
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Zhang D, Tari AM, Akar U, Arun BK, LaFortune TA, Nieves-Alicea R, Hortobagyi GN, Ueno NT. Silencing kinase-interacting stathmin gene enhances erlotinib sensitivity by inhibiting Ser¹⁰ p27 phosphorylation in epidermal growth factor receptor-expressing breast cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:3090-9. [PMID: 21045138 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway has emerged as a promising target for cancer therapy. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as erlotinib have been approved for cancer treatment but have shown very limited activity in breast cancer patients. Clarifying the molecular mechanism underlying resistance to EGFR TKIs could lead to more effective treatment against breast cancer. We previously reported that the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to erlotinib is partially dependent on p27 and that cytoplasmic localization of p27 is associated with erlotinib resistance. In the present study, we found that erlotinib induces p27 phosphorylation at Ser¹⁰ (S10), and S10 p27 phosphorylation leads to erlotinib resistance in EGFR-expressing breast cancer. Inhibiting S10 phosphorylation of p27 by knocking down human kinase-interacting stathmin (KIS), a nuclear protein that can phosphorylate p27 at S10, led to p27 accumulation in the nucleus and enhanced erlotinib-mediated cytotoxicity. Further, in vivo KIS gene silencing enhanced the antitumor activity of erlotinib in an orthotopic breast cancer xenograft model. KIS depletion also enhanced erlotinib sensitivity in erlotinib-resistant EGFR-expressing triple-negative breast cancer cells. Our study provides a rationale for the development of combinations of erlotinib with KIS inhibition to overcome EGFR TKI resistance in EGFR-expressing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Zhang
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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