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Guo Y, Wang H, Gerberich JL, Odutola SO, Charlton-Sevcik AK, Li M, Tanpure RP, Tidmore JK, Trawick ML, Pinney KG, Mason RP, Liu L. Imaging-Guided Evaluation of the Novel Small-Molecule Benzosuberene Tubulin-Binding Agent KGP265 as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194769. [PMID: 34638255 PMCID: PMC8507561 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Vascular-disrupting agents promise significant therapeutic efficacy against solid tumors by selectively damaging tumor-associated vasculature. Dynamic BLI and oxygen-enhanced multispectral optoacoustic tomography (OE-MSOT) were used to compare vascular shutdown following administration of KGP265. BLI signal and vascular oxygenation response (ΔsO2) to a gas breathing challenge were both significantly reduced within 2 h indicating vascular disruption, which continued over 24 h. Twice-weekly doses of KGP265 caused a significant growth delay in MDA-MB-231 human breast tumor xenografts and 4T1 syngeneic breast tumors growing orthotopically in mice. Abstract The selective disruption of tumor-associated vasculature represents an attractive therapeutic approach. We have undertaken the first in vivo evaluation of KGP265, a water-soluble prodrug of a benzosuberene-based tubulin-binding agent, and found promising vascular-disrupting activity in three distinct tumor types. Dose escalation in orthotopic MDA-MB-231-luc breast tumor xenografts in mice indicated that higher doses produced more effective vascular shutdown, as revealed by dynamic bioluminescence imaging (BLI). In syngeneic orthotopic 4T1-luc breast and RENCA-luc kidney tumors, dynamic BLI and oxygen enhanced multispectral optoacoustic tomography (OE-MSOT) were used to compare vascular shutdown following the administration of KGP265 (7.5 mg/kg). The BLI signal and vascular oxygenation response (ΔsO2) to a gas breathing challenge were both significantly reduced within 2 h, indicating vascular disruption, which continued over 24 h. A correlative histology confirmed increased necrosis and hemorrhage. Twice-weekly doses of KGP265 caused significant growth delay in both MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 breast tumors, with no obvious systemic toxicity. A combination with carboplatin produced significantly greater tumor growth delay than carboplatin alone, though significant carboplatin-associated toxicity was observed (whole-body weight loss). KGP265 was found to be effective at low concentrations, generating long-term vascular shutdown and tumor growth delay, thus providing strong rationale for further development, particularly in combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Guo
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (Y.G.); (H.W.); (J.L.G.); (M.L.)
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Honghong Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (Y.G.); (H.W.); (J.L.G.); (M.L.)
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jeni L. Gerberich
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (Y.G.); (H.W.); (J.L.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Samuel O. Odutola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (S.O.O.); (A.K.C.-S.); (R.P.T.); (J.K.T.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Amanda K. Charlton-Sevcik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (S.O.O.); (A.K.C.-S.); (R.P.T.); (J.K.T.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Maoping Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (Y.G.); (H.W.); (J.L.G.); (M.L.)
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rajendra P. Tanpure
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (S.O.O.); (A.K.C.-S.); (R.P.T.); (J.K.T.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Justin K. Tidmore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (S.O.O.); (A.K.C.-S.); (R.P.T.); (J.K.T.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Mary Lynn Trawick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (S.O.O.); (A.K.C.-S.); (R.P.T.); (J.K.T.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Kevin G. Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (S.O.O.); (A.K.C.-S.); (R.P.T.); (J.K.T.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Ralph P. Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (Y.G.); (H.W.); (J.L.G.); (M.L.)
- Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Correspondence: (R.P.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (Y.G.); (H.W.); (J.L.G.); (M.L.)
- Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Correspondence: (R.P.M.); (L.L.)
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Winn BA, Devkota L, Kuch B, MacDonough MT, Strecker TE, Wang Y, Shi Z, Gerberich JL, Mondal D, Ramirez AJ, Hamel E, Chaplin DJ, Davis P, Mason RP, Trawick ML, Pinney KG. Bioreductively Activatable Prodrug Conjugates of Combretastatin A-1 and Combretastatin A-4 as Anticancer Agents Targeted toward Tumor-Associated Hypoxia. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:937-954. [PMID: 32196334 PMCID: PMC7644341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The natural products combretastatin A-1 (CA1) and combretastatin A-4 (CA4) function as potent inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and as selective vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) in tumors. Bioreductively activatable prodrug conjugates (BAPCs) can enhance selectivity by serving as substrates for reductase enzymes specifically in hypoxic regions of tumors. A series of CA1-BAPCs incorporating nor-methyl, mono-methyl, and gem-dimethyl nitrothiophene triggers were synthesized together with corresponding CA4-BAPCs, previously reported by Davis (Mol. Cancer Ther. 2006, 5 (11), 2886), for comparison. The CA4-gem-dimethylnitrothiophene BAPC 45 proved exemplary in comparison to its nor-methyl 43 and mono-methyl 44 congeners. It was stable in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4, 24 h), was cleaved (25%, 90 min) by NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR), was inactive (desirable prodrug attribute) as an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization (IC50 > 20 μM), and demonstrated hypoxia-selective activation in the A549 cell line [hypoxia cytotoxicity ratio (HCR) = 41.5]. The related CA1-gem-dimethylnitrothiophene BAPC 41 was also promising (HCR = 12.5) with complete cleavage (90 min) upon treatment with POR. In a preliminary in vivo dynamic bioluminescence imaging study, BAPC 45 (180 mg/kg, ip) induced a decrease (within 4 h) in light emission in a 4T1 syngeneic mouse breast tumor model, implying activation and vascular disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake A. Winn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Laxman Devkota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Bunnarack Kuch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Matthew T. MacDonough
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Tracy E. Strecker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Zhe Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Jeni L. Gerberich
- Predictive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9058, United States
| | - Deboprosad Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Alejandro J. Ramirez
- Mass Spectrometry Center, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97046, Waco, Texas 76798-7046, United States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - David J. Chaplin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
- Fast Biopharma Ltd., 10 Aston Park, Aston Rowant, OX49 5SW, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Davis
- Fast Biopharma Ltd., 10 Aston Park, Aston Rowant, OX49 5SW, United Kingdom
| | - Ralph P. Mason
- Predictive Imaging Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9058, United States
| | - Mary Lynn Trawick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
| | - Kevin G. Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, United States
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Kwon J, Rajamahendiran RM, Virani NA, Kunjachan S, Snay E, Harlacher M, Myronakis M, Shimizu S, Shirato H, Czernuszewicz TJ, Gessner R, Berbeco R. Use of 3-D Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound to Evaluate Tumor Microvasculature After Nanoparticle-Mediated Modulation. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:369-376. [PMID: 31694771 PMCID: PMC6930329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A cost-effective method for serial in vivo imaging of tumor microvasculature has been developed. We evaluated acoustic angiography (AA) for visualizing and assessing non-small cell lung tumor (A549) microvasculature in mice before and after tumor vascular disruption by vascular-targeted gold nanoparticles and radiotherapy. Standard B-mode and microbubble-enhanced AA images were acquired at pre- and post-treatment time points. Using these modes, a new metric, 50% vessel penetration depth, was developed to characterize the 3-D spatial heterogeneity of microvascular networks. We observed an increase in tumor perfusion after radiation-induced vascular disruption, relative to control animals. This was also visualized in vessel morphology mode, which revealed a loss in vessel integrity. We found that tumors with poorly perfused vasculature at day 0 exhibited a reduced growth rate over time. This suggested a new method to reduce in-group treatment response variability using pre-treatment microvessel maps to objectively identify animals for study removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihun Kwon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | | | - Needa A Virani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sijumon Kunjachan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin Snay
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Max Harlacher
- SonoVol, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marios Myronakis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shinichi Shimizu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Global Station for Quantum Medical Science and Engineering, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shirato
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Global Station for Quantum Medical Science and Engineering, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Ryan Gessner
- SonoVol, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ross Berbeco
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Sun CW, Wu LC, Wankhede M, Wang D, Thoerner J, Woody L, Sorg BS, Townes TM, Terman DS. Exogenous sickle erythrocytes combined with vascular disruption trigger disseminated tumor vaso-occlusion and lung tumor regression. JCI Insight 2019; 4:125535. [PMID: 30944254 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic tumor niches are chief causes of treatment resistance and tumor recurrence. Sickle erythrocytes' (SSRBCs') intrinsic oxygen-sensing functionality empowers them to access such hypoxic niches wherein they form microaggregates that induce focal vessel closure. In search of measures to augment the scale of SSRBC-mediated tumor vaso-occlusion, we turned to the vascular disrupting agent, combretastatin A-4 (CA-4). CA-4 induces selective tumor endothelial injury, blood stasis, and hypoxia but fails to eliminate peripheral tumor foci. In this article, we show that introducing deoxygenated SSRBCs into tumor microvessels treated with CA-4 and sublethal radiation (SR) produces a massive surge of tumor vaso-occlusion and broadly propagated tumor infarctions that engulfs treatment-resistant hypoxic niches and eradicates established lung tumors. Tumor regression was histologically corroborated by significant treatment effect. Treated tumors displayed disseminated microvessels occluded by tightly packed SSRBCs along with widely distributed pimidazole-positive hypoxic tumor cells. Humanized HbS-knockin mice (SSKI) but not HbA-knockin mice (AAKI) showed a similar treatment response underscoring SSRBCs as the paramount tumoricidal effectors. Thus, CA-4-SR-remodeled tumor vessels license SSRBCs to produce an unprecedented surge of tumor vaso-occlusion and infarction that envelops treatment-resistant tumor niches resulting in complete tumor regression. Strategically deployed, these innovative tools constitute a major conceptual advance with compelling translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Wang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama School of Medicine at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Li-Chen Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama School of Medicine at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mamta Wankhede
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dezhi Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama School of Medicine at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jutta Thoerner
- Histopathology Section, Hospital of the Monterey Peninsula, Monterey, California, USA
| | - Lawrence Woody
- Histopathology Section, Hospital of the Monterey Peninsula, Monterey, California, USA
| | - Brian S Sorg
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tim M Townes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama School of Medicine at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David S Terman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama School of Medicine at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Johnson SP, Ramasawmy R, Campbell-Washburn AE, Wells JA, Robson M, Rajkumar V, Lythgoe MF, Pedley RB, Walker-Samuel S. Acute changes in liver tumour perfusion measured non-invasively with arterial spin labelling. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:897-904. [PMID: 27031853 PMCID: PMC4984798 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive measures of tumour vascular perfusion are desirable, in order to assess response to vascular targeting (or modifying) therapies. In this study, hepatic arterial spin labelling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was investigated to measure acute changes in perfusion of colorectal cancer in the liver, in response to vascular disruption therapy with OXi4503. METHODS SW1222 and LS174T tumours were established in the liver of MF1 nu/nu mice via intrasplenic injection. Perfusion and R2(*) MRI measurements were acquired with an Agilent 9.4T horizontal bore scanner, before and at 90 min after 40 mg kg(-1) OXi4503. RESULTS A significant decrease in SW1222 tumour perfusion was observed (-43±33%, P<0.005). LS174T tumours had a significantly lower baseline level of perfusion. Intrinsic susceptibility MRI showed a significant increase in R2(*) in LS174T tumours (28±25%, P<0.05). An association was found between the change in tumour perfusion and the proximity to large vessels, with pre-treatment blood flow predictive of subsequent response. Histological evaluation confirmed the onset of necrosis and evidence of heterogeneous response between tumour deposits. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic ASL-MRI can detect acute response to targeted tumour vascular disruption entirely non-invasively. Hepatic ASL of liver tumours has potential for use in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peter Johnson
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Rajiv Ramasawmy
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Adrienne E Campbell-Washburn
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jack A Wells
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Mathew Robson
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Vineeth Rajkumar
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - R Barbara Pedley
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Simon Walker-Samuel
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
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Biel NM, Lee JA, Sorg BS, Siemann DW. Limitations of the dorsal skinfold window chamber model in evaluating anti-angiogenic therapy during early phase of angiogenesis. Vasc Cell 2014; 6:17. [PMID: 25101168 PMCID: PMC4123308 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-6-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis is an essential process during tumor development and growth. The murine dorsal skinfold window chamber model has been used for the study of both tumor microvasculature and other vascular diseases, including the study of anti-angiogenic agents in cancer therapy. Hyperspectral imaging of oxygen status of the microvasculature has not been widely used to evaluate response to inhibition of angiogenesis in early tumor cell induced vascular development. This study demonstrates the use of two different classes of anti-angiogenic agents, one targeting the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) pathway involved with vessel sprouting and the other targeting the Angiopoietin/Tie2 pathway involved in vascular destabilization. Studies evaluated the tumor microvascular response to anti-angiogenic inhibitors in the highly angiogenic renal cell carcinoma induced angiogenesis model. Methods Human renal cell carcinoma, Caki-2 cells, were implanted in the murine skinfold window chamber. Mice were treated with either VEGF pathway targeted small molecule inhibitor Sunitinib (100 mg/kg) or with an anti-Ang-2 monoclonal antibody (10 mg/kg) beginning the day of window chamber surgery and tumor cell implantation. Hyperspectral imaging of hemoglobin saturation was used to evaluate both the development and oxygenation of the tumor microvasculature. Tumor volume over time was also assessed over an 11-day period post surgery. Results The window chamber model was useful to demonstrate the inhibition of angiogenesis using the VEGF pathway targeted agent Sunitinib. Results show impairment of tumor microvascular development, reduced oxygenation of tumor-associated vasculature and impairment of tumor volume growth compared to control. On the other hand, this model failed to demonstrate the anti-angiogenic effect of the Ang-2 targeted agent. Follow up experiments suggest that the initial surgery of the window chamber model may interfere with such an agent thus skewing the actual effects on angiogenesis. Conclusions Results show that this model has great potential to evaluate anti-VEGF, or comparable, targeted agents; however the mere protocol of the window chamber model interferes with proper evaluation of Ang-2 targeted agents. The limitations of this in vivo model in evaluating the response of tumor vasculature to anti-angiogenic agents are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett M Biel
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Rd., Gainesville FL 32610, USA
| | - Jennifer A Lee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building, Gainesville FL 32610, USA
| | - Brian S Sorg
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville MD 20852, USA
| | - Dietmar W Siemann
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Rd., Gainesville FL 32610, USA ; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 2000 SW Archer Road, Gainesville FL 32610, USA
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7
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Lee JA, Biel NM, Kozikowski RT, Siemann DW, Sorg BS. In vivo spectral and fluorescence microscopy comparison of microvascular function after treatment with OXi4503, Sunitinib and their combination in Caki-2 tumors. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:1965-79. [PMID: 24940553 PMCID: PMC4052922 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.001965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Vascular targeting agents on their own have been shown to be insufficient for complete treatment of solid tumors, emphasizing the importance of studying the vascular effects of these drugs for their use with conventional therapies in the clinic. First-pass fluorescence imaging combined with hyperspectral imaging of hemoglobin saturation of microvessels in the murine dorsal window chamber model provides an easily implementable, low cost method to analyze tumor vascular response to these agents in real-time. In this study, the authors utilized these methods to spectroscopically demonstrate distinct vessel structure, blood flow and oxygenation changes in human Caki-2 renal cell carcinoma following treatment with OXi4503 alone, Sunitinib alone and both drugs together. We showed that treatment with OXi4503 plus Sunitinib destroyed existing tumor microvessels, inhibited blood vessel recovery and impaired Caki-2 tumor growth significantly more than either treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Lee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nikolett M. Biel
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | - Dietmar W. Siemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brian S. Sorg
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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Spatial morphological and molecular differences within solid tumors may contribute to the failure of vascular disruptive agent treatments. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:522. [PMID: 23153292 PMCID: PMC3583184 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment of solid tumors with vascular disrupting agent OXi4503 results in over 90% tumor destruction. However, a thin rim of viable cells persists in the tumor periphery following treatment, contributing to subsequent recurrence. This study investigates inherent differences in the microenvironment of the tumor periphery that contribute to treatment resistance. Methods Using a murine colorectal liver metastases model, spatial morphological and molecular differences within the periphery and the center of the tumor that may account for differences in resistance to OXi4503 treatment were investigated. H&E staining and immunostaining were used to examine vessel maturity and stability, hypoxia and HIF1α levels, accumulation of immune cells, expression of proangiogenic factors/receptors (VEGF, TGF-β, b-FGF, and AT1R) and expression of EMT markers (ZEB1, vimentin, E-cadherin and β-catenin) in the periphery and center of established tumors. The effects of OXi4503 on tumor vessels and cell kinetics were also investigated. Results Significant differences were found between tumor periphery and central regions, including association of the periphery with mature vessels, higher accumulation of immune cells, increased growth factor expression, minimal levels of hypoxia and increased evidence of EMT. OXi4503 treatment resulted in collapse of vessels in the tumor center; however vasculature in the periphery remained patent. Similarly, tumor apoptosis and proliferation were differentially modulated between centre and periphery after treatment. Conclusions The molecular and morphological differences between tumor periphery and center may account for the observed differential resistance to OXi4503 treatment and could provide targets for drug development to totally eliminate metastases.
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Serial monitoring of human systemic and xenograft models of leukemia using a novel vascular disrupting agent. Leukemia 2012; 26:1771-8. [PMID: 22343591 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the treatment of acute leukemia have resulted in significantly improved remission rates, although disease relapse poses a significant risk. By utilizing sensitive, non-invasive imaging guidance, detection of early leukemic infiltration and the extent of residual tumor burden after targeted therapy can be expedited, leading to more efficient treatment planning. We demonstrated marked survival benefit and therapeutic efficacy of a new-generation vascular disrupting agent, combretastatin-A1-diphosphate (OXi4503), using reporter gene-imaging technologies and mice systemically administered luc+ and GFP+ human leukemic cells (LCs). Before treatment, homing of double-transduced cells was serially monitored and whole-body cellular distributions were mapped using bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Imaging findings strongly correlated with quantitative GFP expression levels in solid organs/tissues, suggesting that the measured BLI signal provides a highly sensitive and reliable biomarker of tumor tissue burden in systemic leukemic models. Such optical technologies can thereby serve as robust non-invasive imaging tools for preclinical drug discovery and for rapidly screening promising therapeutic agents to establish potency, treatment efficacy and survival advantage. We further show that GFP+ HL-60 cells reside in close proximity to VE-cadherin- and CD31-expressing endothelial cells, suggesting that the perivascular niche may have a critical role in the maintenance and survival of LCs.
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Wang H, Marchal G, Ni Y. Multiparametric MRI biomarkers for measuring vascular disrupting effect on cancer. World J Radiol 2011; 3:1-16. [PMID: 21286490 PMCID: PMC3030722 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v3.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid malignancies have to develop their own blood supply for their aggressive growth and metastasis; a process known as tumor angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is largely involved in tumor survival, progression and spread, which are known to be significantly attributed to treatment failures. Over the past decades, efforts have been made to understand the difference between normal and tumor vessels. It has been demonstrated that tumor vasculature is structurally immature with chaotic and leaky phenotypes, which provides opportunities for developing novel anticancer strategies. Targeting tumor vasculature is not only a unique therapeutic intervention to starve neoplastic cells, but also enhances the efficacy of conventional cancer treatments. Vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) have been developed to disrupt the already existing neovasculature in actively growing tumors, cause catastrophic vascular shutdown within short time, and induce secondary tumor necrosis. VDAs are cytostatic; they can only inhibit tumor growth, but not eradicate the tumor. This novel drug mechanism has urged us to develop multiparametric imaging biomarkers to monitor early hemodynamic alterations, cellular dysfunctions and metabolic impairments before tumor dimensional changes can be detected. In this article, we review the characteristics of tumor vessels, tubulin-destabilizing mechanisms of VDAs, and in vivo effects of the VDAs that have been mostly studied in preclinical studies and clinical trials. We also compare the different tumor models adopted in the preclinical studies on VDAs. Multiparametric imaging biomarkers, mainly diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging from magnetic resonance imaging, are evaluated for their potential as morphological and functional imaging biomarkers for monitoring therapeutic effects of VDAs.
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Rice L, Pampo C, Lepler S, Rojiani AM, Siemann DW. Support of a free radical mechanism for enhanced antitumor efficacy of the microtubule disruptor OXi4503. Microvasc Res 2010; 81:44-51. [PMID: 20974154 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Unlike normal blood vessels, the unique characteristics of an expanding, disorganized and leaky tumor vascular network can be targeted for therapeutic gain by vascular disrupting agents (VDAs), which promote rapid and selective collapse of tumor vessels, causing extensive secondary cancer cell death. A hallmark observation following VDA treatment is the survival of neoplastic cells at the tumor periphery. However, comparative studies with the second generation tubulin-binding VDA OXi4503 indicate that the viable rim of tumor tissue remaining following treatment with this agent is significantly smaller than that seen for the lead VDA, combretastatin. OXi4503 is the cis-isomer of CA1P and it has been speculated that this agent's increased antitumor efficacy may be due to its reported metabolism to orthoquinone intermediates leading to the formation of cytotoxic free radicals. To examine this possibility in situ, KHT sarcoma-bearing mice were treated with either the cis- or trans-isomer of CA1P. Since both isomers can form quinone intermediates but only the cis-isomer binds tubulin, such a comparison allows the effects of vascular collapse to be evaluated independently from those caused by the reactive hydroxyl groups. The results showed that the cis-isomer (OXi4503) significantly impaired tumor blood flow leading to secondary tumor cell death and >95% tumor necrosis 24h post drug exposure. Treatment with the trans-isomer had no effect on these parameters. However, the combination of the trans-isomer with combretastatin increased the antitumor efficacy of the latter agent to near that of OXi4503. These findings indicate that while the predominant in vivo effect of OXi4503 is clearly due to microtubule collapse and vascular shut-down, the formation of toxic free radicals likely contributes to its enhanced potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Rice
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Siemann DW. The unique characteristics of tumor vasculature and preclinical evidence for its selective disruption by Tumor-Vascular Disrupting Agents. Cancer Treat Rev 2010; 37:63-74. [PMID: 20570444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The vasculature of solid tumors is fundamentally different from that of normal vasculature and offers a unique target for anti-cancer therapy. Direct vascular-targeting with Tumor-Vascular Disrupting Agents (Tumor-VDAs) is distinctly different from anti-angiogenic strategies, and offers a complementary approach to standard therapies. Tumor-VDAs therefore have significant potential when combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and angiogenesis-inhibiting agents. Preclinical studies with the different Tumor-VDA classes have demonstrated key tumor-selective anti-vascular and anti-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar W Siemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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