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Fouda A, Abdel-Nasser M, Eid AM, Hassan SED, Abdel-Nasser A, Alharbi NK, AlRokban AH, Abdel-Maksoud G. An Eco-Friendly Approach Utilizing Green Synthesized Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Leather Conservation against a Fungal Strain, Penicillium expansum AL1, Involved in the Biodeterioration of a Historical Manuscript. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1025. [PMID: 37508454 PMCID: PMC10376199 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The main hypothesis of the present research is investigating the efficacy of titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) to prevent the growth of fungal strains when applied on leather under an experimental study. Therefore, fifteen fungal strains were isolated from a deteriorated historical manuscript (papers and leathers) and identified by traditional methods and ITS sequence analysis, including Aspergillus chevalieri (one isolate), A. nidulans (two strains), A. flavus (four strains), A. cristatus (one strain), A. niger (one strain), Paecilomyces fulvus (two strains), Penicillium expansum (two strains), and P. citrinum (two strains). The enzymes cellulase, amylase, pectinase, and gelatinase, which play a crucial role in biodegradation, were highly active in these fungal strains. TiO2-NPs were formed using the cell-free filtrate of the probiotic bacterial strain, Lactobacillus plantarum, and characterized. Data showed that the TiO2-NPs were successfully formed with a spherical shape and anatase phase with sizes of 2-8 nm. Moreover, the EDX analysis revealed that the Ti and O ions occupied the main component with weight percentages of 41.66 and 31.76%, respectively. The in vitro cytotoxicity of TiO2-NPs toward two normal cell lines, WI38 and HFB4, showed a low toxicity effect against normal cells (IC50 = 114.1 ± 8.1µg mL-1 for Wi38, and 237.5 ± 3.5µg mL-1 for HFB4). Therefore, concentrations of 100 μg mL-1 were used to load on prepared leather samples before inoculation with fungal strain P. expansum AL1. The experimental study revealed that the loaded TiO2-NPs have the efficacy to inhibit fungal growth with percentages of 73.2 ± 2.5%, 84.2 ± 1.8%, and 88.8 ± 0.6% after 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively. Also, the analyses including SEM, FTIR-ART, color change, and mechanical properties for leather inoculated with fungal strain AL1 in the absence of NPs showed high damage aspects compared to those inoculated with fungal strains in the presence of TiO2-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Fouda
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdel-Nasser
- Department of Manuscripts Conservation, Al-Azhar Al-Sharif Library, Cairo 11511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Eid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Saad El-Din Hassan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Aya Abdel-Nasser
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Nada K Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam H AlRokban
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gomaa Abdel-Maksoud
- Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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Glässnerová K, Sklenář F, Jurjević Ž, Houbraken J, Yaguchi T, Visagie C, Gené J, Siqueira J, Kubátová A, Kolařík M, Hubka V. A monograph of Aspergillus section Candidi. Stud Mycol 2022; 102:1-51. [PMID: 36760463 PMCID: PMC9903906 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2022.102.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus section Candidi encompasses white- or yellow-sporulating species mostly isolated from indoor and cave environments, food, feed, clinical material, soil and dung. Their identification is non-trivial due to largely uniform morphology. This study aims to re-evaluate the species boundaries in the section Candidi and present an overview of all existing species along with information on their ecology. For the analyses, we assembled a set of 113 strains with diverse origin. For the molecular analyses, we used DNA sequences of three house-keeping genes (benA, CaM and RPB2) and employed species delimitation methods based on a multispecies coalescent model. Classical phylogenetic methods and genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) approaches were used for comparison. Phenotypic studies involved comparisons of macromorphology on four cultivation media, seven micromorphological characters and growth at temperatures ranging from 10 to 45 °C. Based on the integrative approach comprising four criteria (phylogenetic and phenotypic), all currently accepted species gained support, while two new species are proposed (A. magnus and A. tenebricus). In addition, we proposed the new name A. neotritici to replace an invalidly described A. tritici. The revised section Candidi now encompasses nine species, some of which manifest a high level of intraspecific genetic and/or phenotypic variability (e.g., A. subalbidus and A. campestris) while others are more uniform (e.g., A. candidus or A. pragensis). The growth rates on different media and at different temperatures, colony colours, production of soluble pigments, stipe dimensions and vesicle diameters contributed the most to the phenotypic species differentiation. Taxonomic novelties: New species: Aspergillus magnus Glässnerová & Hubka; Aspergillus neotritici Glässnerová & Hubka; Aspergillus tenebricus Houbraken, Glässnerová & Hubka. Citation: Glässnerová K, Sklenář F, Jurjević Ž, Houbraken J, Yaguchi T, Visagie CM, Gené J, Siqueira JPZ, Kubátová A, Kolařík M, Hubka V (2022). A monograph of Aspergillus section Candidi. Studies in Mycology 102: 1-51. doi: 10.3114/sim.2022.102.01.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Glässnerová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F. Sklenář
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ž. Jurjević
- EMSL Analytical, Cinnaminson, New Jersey, USA
| | - J. Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T. Yaguchi
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - C.M. Visagie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J. Gené
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - J.P.Z. Siqueira
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - A. Kubátová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Kolařík
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V. Hubka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
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Hagiuda R, Oda H, Kawakami Y, Hirose D. Species Diversity based on Revised Systematics of Xerophilic Aspergillus section Restricti Isolated from Storage Rooms and Houses in Japan. Biocontrol Sci 2022; 27:65-80. [PMID: 35753795 DOI: 10.4265/bio.27.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Eighty-seven strains of Aspergillus section Restricti were isolated from five storage rooms (50 strains) and 21 houses (37 strains) between 2014 and 2020. Eleven species were identified based on their morphological characteristics and molecular phylogeny using the rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, calmodulin (CaM), β-tubulin (benA), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) sequences. A. penicillioides, which was known to cause the deterioration of cultural assets, was isolated at high frequency (73%) from the surfaces of 11 cultural assets in the storage rooms; A. clavatophorus and A. magnivesiculatus, which are closely related to A. penicillioides, were also isolated frequently (45 and 64%, respectively). Five species [A. clavatophorus (42.8%), A. penicillioides (42.8%), A. magnivesiculatus (14.3%), A. reticulatus (28.6%), and A. vitricola (28.6%)] were isolated from dust on the carpets in seven houses. Five species [A. clavatophorus (33.3%), A. penicillioides (55.5%), A. magnivesiculatus (44.4%), A. restrictus (44.4%), and A. gracilis (11.1%)] were isolated from dust on the bedding in nine houses. Using the taxonomic system described by Sklenář et al. (2017), five species (A. clavatophorus, A. magnivesiculatus, A. hordei, A. reticulatus, and A. glabripes) previously identified as A. penicillioides were confirmed as new to Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuji Kawakami
- Department of Environmental Science and Education, Tokyo Kasei University
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Nasaruddin N, Jinap S, Samsudin NI, Kamarulzaman NH, Sanny M. Prevalence of mycotoxigenic fungi and assessment of aflatoxin contamination: a multiple case study along the integrated corn-based poultry feed supply chain in Malaysia. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:1812-1821. [PMID: 32893877 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corn, a main feed ingredient in the livestock industry, is one of the most susceptible crops to fungal infection and aflatoxin contamination. Livestock feeding on aflatoxin (AF)-contaminated feed have been shown to experience feed refusal, and decreased growth rate, milk production, and feed efficiency. In poultry, AF poisoning causes weight loss, poor feed efficiency, and reduced egg production and egg weight. The present work therefore aimed to determine the prevalence of mycotoxigenic fungi and the occurrence of AF contamination along the integrated corn-based poultry feed supply chain in Malaysia. A total of 51 samples were collected from different points along the feed supply chain from integrated poultry feed companies. The samples were subjected to mycological analyses (fungal isolation, enumeration, identification), and AFs were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). RESULTS Samples collected from sampling point 1 (company A) and sampling point 9 (company B) yielded the highest total fungal load (>log 4 CFU g-1 ). The prevalent fungal genera isolated were Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium spp. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in 8.3% of corn samples, and 7.4% of corn-based poultry feed samples along the feed supply chain, whereas AFs B2 , G1 , and G2 were not detected. CONCLUSION The incidence of mycotoxigenic fungi along the integrated poultry feed supply chain warrant continuous monitoring of mycotoxin contamination to reduce the exposure risk of mycotoxin intake in poultry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norafidah Nasaruddin
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Selamat Jinap
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nik Ip Samsudin
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nitty H Kamarulzaman
- Laboratory of Halal Policy and Management, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Agribusiness and Bioresource Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Maimunah Sanny
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Sánchez Espinosa KC, Almaguer Chávez M, Duarte-Escalante E, Rojas Flores TI, Frías-De-León MG, Reyes-Montes MDR. Phylogenetic Identification, Diversity, and Richness of Aspergillus from Homes in Havana, Cuba. Microorganisms 2021; 9:115. [PMID: 33418970 PMCID: PMC7825327 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus is one of the most common fungal genera found indoors; it is important because it can cause a wide range of diseases in humans. Aspergillus species identification is based on a combination of morphological, physiological, and molecular methods. However, molecular methodologies have rarely been used for the identification of environmental isolates of Aspergillus in Cuba. Therefore, the objective of this work was to identify the species of the genus Aspergillus obtained from houses in Havana, Cuba, through the construction of phylogeny from a partial sequence of the benA gene region, and to analyze the diversity and richness of Aspergillus in the studied municipalities. Isolates of Aspergillus spp. included in this study presented the typical macro- and micromorphology described for the genus. According to this polyphasic characterization, A. niger, A. flavus, A. welwitschiae, A. heteromorphus, A. sydowii, A. tamarii, A. fumigatus, A. clavatus, and A. tubingensis were the most abundant species. Most of the identified species constitute new records for outdoor and indoor environments in Cuba and contribute to the knowledge of fungal biodiversity in the country. These results constitute an alert for the health authorities of the country, since prolonged exposure of the inhabitants to Aspergillus spores can cause severe persistent asthma, among other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenia C. Sánchez Espinosa
- Departamento de Microbiología y Virología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, 25, Número 455, Entre I y J, La Habana 10400, Cuba; (K.C.S.E.); (M.A.C.); (T.I.R.F.)
| | - Michel Almaguer Chávez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Virología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, 25, Número 455, Entre I y J, La Habana 10400, Cuba; (K.C.S.E.); (M.A.C.); (T.I.R.F.)
| | - Esperanza Duarte-Escalante
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria No. 3000, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Teresa Irene Rojas Flores
- Departamento de Microbiología y Virología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, 25, Número 455, Entre I y J, La Habana 10400, Cuba; (K.C.S.E.); (M.A.C.); (T.I.R.F.)
| | - María Guadalupe Frías-De-León
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km. 34.5, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico;
| | - María del Rocío Reyes-Montes
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria No. 3000, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
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Extremophilic Fungi and Their Role in Control of Pathogenic Microbes. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60659-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Houbraken J, Kocsubé S, Visagie C, Yilmaz N, Wang XC, Meijer M, Kraak B, Hubka V, Bensch K, Samson R, Frisvad J. Classification of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces and related genera ( Eurotiales): An overview of families, genera, subgenera, sections, series and species. Stud Mycol 2020; 95:5-169. [PMID: 32855739 PMCID: PMC7426331 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eurotiales is a relatively large order of Ascomycetes with members frequently having positive and negative impact on human activities. Species within this order gain attention from various research fields such as food, indoor and medical mycology and biotechnology. In this article we give an overview of families and genera present in the Eurotiales and introduce an updated subgeneric, sectional and series classification for Aspergillus and Penicillium. Finally, a comprehensive list of accepted species in the Eurotiales is given. The classification of the Eurotiales at family and genus level is traditionally based on phenotypic characters, and this classification has since been challenged using sequence-based approaches. Here, we re-evaluated the relationships between families and genera of the Eurotiales using a nine-gene sequence dataset. Based on this analysis, the new family Penicillaginaceae is introduced and four known families are accepted: Aspergillaceae, Elaphomycetaceae, Thermoascaceae and Trichocomaceae. The Eurotiales includes 28 genera: 15 genera are accommodated in the Aspergillaceae (Aspergillago, Aspergillus, Evansstolkia, Hamigera, Leiothecium, Monascus, Penicilliopsis, Penicillium, Phialomyces, Pseudohamigera, Pseudopenicillium, Sclerocleista, Warcupiella, Xerochrysium and Xeromyces), eight in the Trichocomaceae (Acidotalaromyces, Ascospirella, Dendrosphaera, Rasamsonia, Sagenomella, Talaromyces, Thermomyces, Trichocoma), two in the Thermoascaceae (Paecilomyces, Thermoascus) and one in the Penicillaginaceae (Penicillago). The classification of the Elaphomycetaceae was not part of this study, but according to literature two genera are present in this family (Elaphomyces and Pseudotulostoma). The use of an infrageneric classification system has a long tradition in Aspergillus and Penicillium. Most recent taxonomic studies focused on the sectional level, resulting in a well-established sectional classification in these genera. In contrast, a series classification in Aspergillus and Penicillium is often outdated or lacking, but is still relevant, e.g., the allocation of a species to a series can be highly predictive in what functional characters the species might have and might be useful when using a phenotype-based identification. The majority of the series in Aspergillus and Penicillium are invalidly described and here we introduce a new series classification. Using a phylogenetic approach, often supported by phenotypic, physiologic and/or extrolite data, Aspergillus is subdivided in six subgenera, 27 sections (five new) and 75 series (73 new, one new combination), and Penicillium in two subgenera, 32 sections (seven new) and 89 series (57 new, six new combinations). Correct identification of species belonging to the Eurotiales is difficult, but crucial, as the species name is the linking pin to information. Lists of accepted species are a helpful aid for researchers to obtain a correct identification using the current taxonomic schemes. In the most recent list from 2014, 339 Aspergillus, 354 Penicillium and 88 Talaromyces species were accepted. These numbers increased significantly, and the current list includes 446 Aspergillus (32 % increase), 483 Penicillium (36 % increase) and 171 Talaromyces (94 % increase) species, showing the large diversity and high interest in these genera. We expanded this list with all genera and species belonging to the Eurotiales (except those belonging to Elaphomycetaceae). The list includes 1 187 species, distributed over 27 genera, and contains MycoBank numbers, collection numbers of type and ex-type cultures, subgenus, section and series classification data, information on the mode of reproduction, and GenBank accession numbers of ITS, beta-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) gene sequences.
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Key Words
- Acidotalaromyces Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Acidotalaromyces lignorum (Stolk) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Ascospirella Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Ascospirella lutea (Zukal) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Aspergillus chaetosartoryae Hubka, Kocsubé & Houbraken
- Classification
- Evansstolkia Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Evansstolkia leycettana (H.C. Evans & Stolk) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Hamigera brevicompacta (H.Z. Kong) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Infrageneric classification
- New combinations, series
- New combinations, species
- New genera
- New names
- New sections
- New series
- New taxa
- Nomenclature
- Paecilomyces lagunculariae (C. Ram) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Penicillaginaceae Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Penicillago kabunica (Baghd.) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Penicillago mirabilis (Beliakova & Milko) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Penicillago moldavica (Milko & Beliakova) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Phialomyces arenicola (Chalab.) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Phialomyces humicoloides (Bills & Heredia) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Phylogeny
- Polythetic classes
- Pseudohamigera Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Pseudohamigera striata (Raper & Fennell) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Talaromyces resinae (Z.T. Qi & H.Z. Kong) Houbraken & X.C. Wang
- Talaromyces striatoconidius Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Taxonomic novelties: New family
- Thermoascus verrucosus (Samson & Tansey) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- Thermoascus yaguchii Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson
- in Aspergillus: sect. Bispori S.W. Peterson, Varga, Frisvad, Samson ex Houbraken
- in Aspergillus: ser. Acidohumorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- in Aspergillus: ser. Inflati (Stolk & Samson) Houbraken & Frisvad
- in Penicillium: sect. Alfrediorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- in Penicillium: ser. Adametziorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- in Penicillium: ser. Alutacea (Pitt) Houbraken & Frisvad
- sect. Crypta Houbraken & Frisvad
- sect. Eremophila Houbraken & Frisvad
- sect. Formosana Houbraken & Frisvad
- sect. Griseola Houbraken & Frisvad
- sect. Inusitata Houbraken & Frisvad
- sect. Lasseniorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- sect. Polypaecilum Houbraken & Frisvad
- sect. Raperorum S.W. Peterson, Varga, Frisvad, Samson ex Houbraken
- sect. Silvatici S.W. Peterson, Varga, Frisvad, Samson ex Houbraken
- sect. Vargarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Alliacei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Ambigui Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Angustiporcata Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Arxiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Atramentosa Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Aurantiobrunnei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Avenacei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Bertholletiarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Biplani Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Brevicompacta Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Brevipedes Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Brunneouniseriati Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Buchwaldiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Calidousti Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Canini Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Carbonarii Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Cavernicolarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Cervini Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Chevalierorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Cinnamopurpurea Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Circumdati Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Clavigera Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Conjuncti Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Copticolarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Coremiiformes Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Corylophila Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Costaricensia Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Cremei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Crustacea (Pitt) Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Dalearum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Deflecti Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Egyptiaci Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Erubescentia (Pitt) Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Estinogena Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Euglauca Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Fennelliarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Flavi Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Flavipedes Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Fortuita Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Fumigati Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Funiculosi Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Gallaica Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Georgiensia Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Goetziorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Gracilenta Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Halophilici Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Herqueorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Heteromorphi Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Hoeksiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Homomorphi Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Idahoensia Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Implicati Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Improvisa Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Indica Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Japonici Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Jiangxiensia Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Kalimarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Kiamaensia Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Kitamyces Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Lapidosa (Pitt) Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Leporum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Leucocarpi Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Livida Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Longicatenata Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Macrosclerotiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Monodiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Multicolores Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Neoglabri Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Neonivei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Nidulantes Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Nigri Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Nivei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Nodula Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Nomiarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Noonimiarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Ochraceorosei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Olivimuriarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Osmophila Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Paradoxa Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Paxillorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Penicillioides Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Phoenicea Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Pinetorum (Pitt) Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Polypaecilum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Pulvini Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Quercetorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Raistrickiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Ramigena Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Restricti Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Robsamsonia Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Rolfsiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Roseopurpurea Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Rubri Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Salinarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Samsoniorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Saturniformia Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Scabrosa Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Sclerotigena Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Sclerotiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Sheariorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Simplicissima Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Soppiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Sparsi Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Spathulati Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Spelaei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Speluncei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Spinulosa Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Stellati Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Steyniorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Sublectatica Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Sumatraensia Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Tamarindosolorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Teporium Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Terrei Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Thermomutati Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Thiersiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Thomiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Unguium Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Unilaterales Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Usti Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Verhageniorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Versicolores Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Virgata Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Viridinutantes Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Vitricolarum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Wentiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Westlingiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Whitfieldiorum Houbraken & Frisvad
- ser. Xerophili Houbraken & Frisvad
- series Tularensia (Pitt) Houbraken & Frisvad
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S. Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - C.M. Visagie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - N. Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - X.-C. Wang
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3, 1st Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - M. Meijer
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B. Kraak
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - V. Hubka
- Department of Botany, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K. Bensch
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R.A. Samson
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J.C. Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, B. 221, Kongens Lyngby, DK 2800, Denmark
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8
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Sklenář F, Jurjević Ž, Peterson SW, Kolařík M, Nováková A, Flieger M, Stodůlková E, Kubátová A, Hubka V. Increasing the species diversity in the Aspergillus section Nidulantes: Six novel species mainly from the indoor environment. Mycologia 2020; 112:342-370. [PMID: 32074019 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1698923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus section Nidulantes encompasses almost 80 homothallic and anamorphic species, mostly isolated from soil, plant material, or the indoor environment. Some species are clinically relevant or produce mycotoxins. This study reevaluated the species boundaries within several clades of section Nidulantes. Five data sets were assembled, each containing presumptive new species and their closest relatives, and phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses were performed. We tested the hypotheses that the newly isolated or reexamined strains constitute separate species (splitting approach) or should be treated as part of broadly defined species (lumping approach). Four DNA sequence loci were amplified, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) regions of the rDNA and partial sequences of the β-tubulin (benA), calmodulin (CaM), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) genes. The latter three loci were used for the phylogenetic analysis and served as input for single-locus (GMYC, bGMYC, PTP, and bPTP) and multilocus (STACEY and BP&P) species delimitation analyses. The phenotypic analysis comprised macro- and micromorphology (including scanning electron microscopy) and comparison of cardinal growth temperatures. The phylogenetic analysis supported the splitting hypothesis in all cases, and based on the combined approach, we propose six new species, four that are homothallic and two anamorphic. Four new species were isolated from the indoor environment (Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, USA), one originated from soil (Australia), and one from a kangaroo rat cheek pouch (USA).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sklenář
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ž Jurjević
- EMSL Analytical, Inc., 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, New Jersey 08077
| | - S W Peterson
- US Department of Agriculture, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois 61604
| | - M Kolařík
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Nováková
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Flieger
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E Stodůlková
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Kubátová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Hubka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220, Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Herrera H, Soto J, de Bashan LE, Sampedro I, Arriagada C. Root-Associated Fungal Communities in Two Populations of the Fully Mycoheterotrophic Plant Arachnitis uniflora Phil. (Corsiaceae) in Southern Chile. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E586. [PMID: 31756978 PMCID: PMC6955791 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiological interactions of the roots of non-photosynthetic plants in South America have been scarcely explored. This study analyzes culturable fungal diversity associated with the mycoheterotrophic plant Arachnitis uniflora Phil. (Corsiaceae) in southern Chile, growing in two different understoreys of native (Nothofagus-dominated) and mixed forest (native, Cupressus sempervirens, and Pinus radiata). Rhizospheric and endophytic fungi were isolated, cultured, and purified to identify microorganisms associated with A. uniflora roots. We showed the different fungi associated with the plant, and that these distributions are influenced by the sampling site. We isolated 410 fungal strains (144 endophytic and 266 from the rhizosphere). We identified 13 operative taxonomical units from plants sampled in the mixed forest, while 15 were from the native forest. Rhizospheric microorganisms were mainly related to Penicillium spp., whereas some pathogenic and saprophytic strains were more frequent inside the roots. Our results have also shown that the fungal strains are weak for phosphate solubilization, but other pathways such as organic acid exudation and indole acetic acid production can be considered as major mechanisms to stimulate plant growth. Our results point to new fungal associates of A. uniflora plants reported in Andean ecosystems, identifying new beneficial endophytic fungi associated with roots of this fully mycoheterotrophic plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Herrera
- Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, 01145 Temuco, Chile; (H.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Javiera Soto
- Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, 01145 Temuco, Chile; (H.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Luz E. de Bashan
- The Bashan Institute of Science, 1730 Post Oak Court, Auburn, AL 36830, USA;
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Northwestern Center for Biological Research (CIBNOR), Calle IPN 195, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
| | - Inmaculada Sampedro
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Cesar Arriagada
- Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, 01145 Temuco, Chile; (H.H.); (J.S.)
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10
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Pinzari F, Cornish L, Jungblut AD. Skeleton bones in museum indoor environments offer niches for fungi and are affected by weathering and deposition of secondary minerals. Environ Microbiol 2019; 22:59-75. [PMID: 31599093 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Large skeleton specimens are often featured as iconic open displays in Natural History Museums, for example, the blue whale 'Hope' at the Natural History Museum, London. A study on Hope's bone surface was performed to assess the biodeterioration potential of fungi. Fungi were isolated, and a fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) clone library survey was performed on dust and bone material. Mineral particles derived from bone and dust were analysed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, variable pressure scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high vacuum SEM. Results showed that bone material, although mainly mineral in nature, and therefore less susceptible than organic materials to biodeterioration phenomena in the indoor environments, offers niches for specialized fungi and is affected by unusual and yet not so well-documented mechanisms of alteration. Areas of bone surface were covered with a dense biofilm mostly composed of fungal hyphae, which produced tunnelling and extensive deposition of calcium and iron-containing secondary minerals. Airborne halophilic and xerophilic fungi including taxa grouping into Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, capable of displacing salts and overcome little water availability, were found to dominate the microbiome of the bone surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Pinzari
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Via della Navicella, 2-4, 00184, Rome, Italy.,Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD, London, UK
| | - Lorraine Cornish
- Conservation Centre, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD, London, UK
| | - Anne D Jungblut
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD, London, UK
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11
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Sabino R, Veríssimo C, Viegas C, Viegas S, Brandão J, Alves-Correia M, Borrego LM, Clemons KV, Stevens DA, Richardson M. The role of occupational Aspergillus exposure in the development of diseases. Med Mycol 2019; 57:S196-S205. [PMID: 30816970 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus spp. have a high nutritional versatility and good growth on a large variety of construction materials. They also colonize soil or food, but decaying vegetation is their primary ecological niche. Therefore, exposure to fungi may occur at home, during hospitalization, during specific leisure activities, or at the workplace. The development of Aspergillus infections depends on the interplay between host susceptibility and the organism. Environments with high counts of fungal elements (conidia, hyphal fragments and others), high levels of bioarerosols, and elevated concentrations of mycotoxins or other volatile organic compounds should be considered as potential hazards, since they may present a risk to the exposed person. Rural tasks as well as work related to wood and food industries, poultries, swineries, waste handling plants, and other occupational environments involving contaminated organic material are among the ones posing higher respiratory risks to the workers. This paper presents a review of several studies related to occupational and indoor exposure to Aspergillus, potential health effects related to that exposure, and associated exposure assessment procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sabino
- Nacional Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge - URSZ- Infectious Diseases Department, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa
| | - Cristina Veríssimo
- Nacional Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge - URSZ- Infectious Diseases Department, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Viegas
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
| | - Susana Viegas
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
| | - João Brandão
- Nacional Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge - Department of Environmental Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Luís-Miguel Borrego
- Allergy Unit, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon.,The Chronic Diseases Research Center, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School / Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Karl V Clemons
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States.,California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, United States
| | - David A Stevens
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States.,California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, United States
| | - Malcolm Richardson
- Mycology Reference Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust.,Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
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12
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Tsang CC, Tang JY, Lau SK, Woo PC. Taxonomy and evolution of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces in the omics era - Past, present and future. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:197-210. [PMID: 30002790 PMCID: PMC6039702 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces are diverse, phenotypically polythetic genera encompassing species important to the environment, economy, biotechnology and medicine, causing significant social impacts. Taxonomic studies on these fungi are essential since they could provide invaluable information on their evolutionary relationships and define criteria for species recognition. With the advancement of various biological, biochemical and computational technologies, different approaches have been adopted for the taxonomy of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces; for example, from traditional morphotyping, phenotyping to chemotyping (e.g. lipotyping, proteotypingand metabolotyping) and then mitogenotyping and/or phylotyping. Since different taxonomic approaches focus on different sets of characters of the organisms, various classification and identification schemes would result. In view of this, the consolidated species concept, which takes into account different types of characters, is recently accepted for taxonomic purposes and, together with the lately implemented 'One Fungus - One Name' policy, is expected to bring a more stable taxonomy for Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces, which could facilitate their evolutionary studies. The most significant taxonomic change for the three genera was the transfer of Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium to Talaromyces (e.g. the medically important thermally dimorphic 'P. marneffei' endemic in Southeast Asia is now named T. marneffei), leaving both Penicillium and Talaromyces as monophyletic genera. Several distantly related Aspergillus-like fungi were also segregated from Aspergillus, making this genus, containing members of both sexual and asexual morphs, monophyletic as well. In the current omics era, application of various state-of-the-art omics technologies is likely to provide comprehensive information on the evolution of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces and a stable taxonomy will hopefully be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ching Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - James Y.M. Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Susanna K.P. Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick C.Y. Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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13
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Frisvad J. A critical review of producers of small lactone mycotoxins: patulin, penicillic acid and moniliformin. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2018. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2017.2294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A very large number of filamentous fungi has been reported to produce the small lactone mycotoxins patulin, penicillic acid and moniliformin. Among the 167 reported fungal producers of patulin, only production by 29 species could be confirmed. Patulin is produced by 3 Aspergillus species, 3 Paecilomyces species, 22 Penicillium species from 7 sections of Penicillium, and one Xylaria species. Among 101 reported producers of penicillic acid, 48 species could produce this mycotoxin. Penicillic acid is produced by 23 species in section Aspergillus subgenus Circumdati section Circumdati, by Malbranchea aurantiaca and by 24 Penicillium species from 9 sections in Penicillium and one species that does not actually belong to Penicillium (P. megasporum). Among 40 reported producers of moniliformin, five species have been regarded as doubtful producers of this mycotoxin or are now regarded as taxonomic synonyms. Moniliformin is produced by 34 Fusarium species and one Penicillium species. All the accepted producers of patulin, penicillic acid and moniliformin were revised according to the new one fungus – one name nomenclatural system, and the most recently accepted taxonomy of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.C. Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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14
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Hubka V, Nováková A, Jurjević Ž, Sklenář F, Frisvad JC, Houbraken J, Arendrup MC, Jørgensen KM, Siqueira JPZ, Gené J, Kolařík M. Polyphasic data support the splitting of Aspergillus candidus into two species; proposal of Aspergillus dobrogensis sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:995-1011. [PMID: 29458472 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus candidus is a species frequently isolated from stored grain, food, indoor environments, soil and occasionally also from clinical material. Recent bioprospecting studies highlighted the potential of using A. candidus and its relatives in various industrial sectors as a result of their significant production of enzymes and bioactive compounds. A high genetic variability was observed among A. candidus isolates originating from various European countries and the USA, that were mostly isolated from indoor environments, caves and clinical material. The A. candidus sensu lato isolates were characterized by DNA sequencing of four genetic loci, and agreement between molecular species delimitation results, morphological characters and exometabolite spectra were studied. Classical phylogenetic methods (maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference) and species delimitation methods based on the multispecies coalescent model supported recognition of up to three species in A. candidus sensu lato. After evaluation of phenotypic data, a broader species concept was adopted, and only one new species, Aspergillus dobrogensis, was proposed. This species is represented by 22 strains originating from seven countries (ex-type strain CCF 4651T=NRRL 62821T=IBT 32697T=CBS 143370T) and its differentiation from A. candidus is relevant for bioprospecting studies because these species have different exometabolite profiles. Evaluation of the antifungal susceptibility of section Candidi members to six antifungals using the reference EUCAST method showed that all species have low minimum inhibitory concentrations for all tested antifungals. These results suggest applicability of a wide spectrum of antifungal agents for treatment of infections caused by species from section Candidi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vit Hubka
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Nováková
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - František Sklenář
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jens C Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jos Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maiken C Arendrup
- Unit of Mycology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - João P Z Siqueira
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de SãoJosé do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Josepa Gené
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Miroslav Kolařík
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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15
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Nilsson RH, Taylor AFS, Adams RI, Baschien C, Johan Bengtsson-Palme, Cangren P, Coleine C, Heide-Marie Daniel, Glassman SI, Hirooka Y, Irinyi L, Reda Iršėnaitė, Pedro M. Martin-Sanchez, Meyer W, Seung-Yoon Oh, Jose Paulo Sampaio, Seifert KA, Sklenář F, Dirk Stubbe, Suh SO, Summerbell R, Svantesson S, Martin Unterseher, Cobus M. Visagie, Weiss M, Woudenberg JHC, Christian Wurzbacher, den Wyngaert SV, Yilmaz N, Andrey Yurkov, Kõljalg U, Abarenkov K. Taxonomic annotation of public fungal ITS sequences from the built environment - a report from an April 10-11, 2017 workshop (Aberdeen, UK). MycoKeys 2018; 28:65-82. [PMID: 29559822 PMCID: PMC5804120 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.28.20887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent DNA-based studies have shown that the built environment is surprisingly rich in fungi. These indoor fungi - whether transient visitors or more persistent residents - may hold clues to the rising levels of human allergies and other medical and building-related health problems observed globally. The taxonomic identity of these fungi is crucial in such pursuits. Molecular identification of the built mycobiome is no trivial undertaking, however, given the large number of unidentified, misidentified, and technically compromised fungal sequences in public sequence databases. In addition, the sequence metadata required to make informed taxonomic decisions - such as country and host/substrate of collection - are often lacking even from reference and ex-type sequences. Here we report on a taxonomic annotation workshop (April 10-11, 2017) organized at the James Hutton Institute/University of Aberdeen (UK) to facilitate reproducible studies of the built mycobiome. The 32 participants went through public fungal ITS barcode sequences related to the built mycobiome for taxonomic and nomenclatural correctness, technical quality, and metadata availability. A total of 19,508 changes - including 4,783 name changes, 14,121 metadata annotations, and the removal of 99 technically compromised sequences - were implemented in the UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi (https://unite.ut.ee/) and shared with a range of other databases and downstream resources. Among the genera that saw the largest number of changes were Penicillium, Talaromyces, Cladosporium, Acremonium, and Alternaria, all of them of significant importance in both culture-based and culture-independent surveys of the built environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Henrik Nilsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Andy F. S. Taylor
- The James Hutton Institute and University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel I. Adams
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, 94720 Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Christiane Baschien
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7 B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Johan Bengtsson-Palme
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10, SE-413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrik Cangren
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Claudia Coleine
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo 01100, Italy
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology and Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside 92501, CA, USA
| | - Heide-Marie Daniel
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, BCCM/MUCL, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sydney I. Glassman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yuuri Hirooka
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Hosei University, 3-7-2 Kajino-cho, Koganei, Tokyo Japan 184-8584
| | - Laszlo Irinyi
- Sydney Medical School-Westmead Hospital, Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney, Australia
- University of Sydney, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney, Australia
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia
| | - Reda Iršėnaitė
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų ežerų Str. 49, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Pedro M. Martin-Sanchez
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Department 4. Materials & Environment, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wieland Meyer
- Sydney Medical School-Westmead Hospital, Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney, Australia
- University of Sydney, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney, Australia
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia
| | - Seung-Yoon Oh
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jose Paulo Sampaio
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, DCV, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Keith A. Seifert
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - Frantisek Sklenář
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dirk Stubbe
- BCCM/IHEM, Scientific Institute of Public Health WIV-ISP, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sung-Oui Suh
- ATCC, 10801 University Blvd., Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA
| | - Richard Summerbell
- Sporometrics, 219 Dufferin Street, Suite 20C, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M6K 1Y9
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Health Sciences Building, 155 College Street, 6th floor, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5T 3M7
| | - Sten Svantesson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Martin Unterseher
- Evangelisches Schulzentrum Martinschule, Max-Planck-Str. 7, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Cobus M. Visagie
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5
- Biosystematics Division, ARC-Plant Health and Protection, P/BagX134, Queenswood 0121, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael Weiss
- Steinbeis-Innovationszentrum, Organismische Mykologie und Mikrobiologie, Vor dem Kreuzberg 17, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joyce HC Woudenberg
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Wurzbacher
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Silke Van den Wyngaert
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Alte Fischerhuette 2, D-16775 Stechlin, Germany
| | - Neriman Yilmaz
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - Andrey Yurkov
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7 B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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16
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Humphries Z, Seifert KA, Hirooka Y, Visagie CM. A new family and genus in Dothideales for Aureobasidium-like species isolated from house dust. IMA Fungus 2017; 8:299-315. [PMID: 29242777 PMCID: PMC5729714 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2017.08.02.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
An international survey of house dust collected from eleven countries using a modified dilution-to-extinction method yielded 7904 isolates. Of these, six strains morphologically resembled the asexual morphs of Aureobasidium and Hormonema (sexual morphs ?Sydowia), but were phylogenetically distinct. A 28S rDNA phylogeny resolved strains as a distinct clade in Dothideales with families Aureobasidiaceae and Dothideaceae their closest relatives. Further analyses based on the ITS rDNA region, β-tubulin, 28S rDNA, and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit confirmed the distinct status of this clade and divided strains among two consistent subclades. As a result, we introduce a new genus and two new species as Zalariaalba and Z. obscura, and a new family to accommodate them in Dothideales. Zalaria is a black yeast-like fungus, grows restrictedly and produces conidiogenous cells with holoblastic synchronous or percurrent conidiation. Zalaria microscopically closely resembles Hormonema by having only one to two loci per conidiogenous cell, but species of our new genus generally has more restricted growth. Comparing the two species, Z. obscura grows faster on lower water activity (aw) media and produces much darker colonies than Z. alba after 7 d. Their sexual states, if extant, are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Humphries
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0C6
| | - Keith A Seifert
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0C6.,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - Yuuri Hirooka
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Hosei University, 3-7-2 Kajino-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Cobus M Visagie
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0C6.,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5.,Biosystematics Division, ARC-Plant Health and Protection, P/BagX134, Queenswood 0121, Pretoria, South Africa
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17
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18
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Abstract
Aspergillus section Restricti together with sister section Aspergillus (formerly Eurotium) comprises xerophilic species, that are able to grow on substrates with low water activity and in extreme environments. We adressed the monophyly of both sections within subgenus Aspergillus and applied a multidisciplinary approach for definition of species boundaries in sect. Restricti. The monophyly of sections Aspergillus and Restricti was tested on a set of 102 isolates comprising all currently accepted species and was strongly supported by Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inferrence (BI) analysis based on β-tubulin (benA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) loci. More than 300 strains belonging to sect. Restricti from various isolation sources and four continents were characterized by DNA sequencing, and 193 isolates were selected for phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic studies. Species delimitation methods based on multispecies coalescent model were employed on DNA sequences from four loci, i.e., ID region of rDNA (ITS + 28S), CaM, benA and RPB2, and supported recognition of 21 species, including 14 new. All these species were also strongly supported in ML and BI analyses. All recognised species can be reliably identified by all four examined genetic loci. Phenotype analysis was performed to support the delimitation of new species and includes colony characteristics on seven cultivation media incubated at several temperatures, growth on an osmotic gradient (six media with NaCl concentration from 0 to 25 %) and analysis of morphology including scanning electron microscopy. The micromorphology of conidial heads, vesicle dimensions, temperature profiles and growth parameters in osmotic gradient were useful criteria for species identification. The vast majority of species in sect. Restricti produce asperglaucide, asperphenamate or both in contrast to species in sect. Aspergillus. Mycophenolic acid was detected for the first time in at least six members of the section. The ascomata of A. halophilicus do not contain auroglaucin, epiheveadride or flavoglaucin which are common in sect. Aspergillus, but shares the echinulins with sect. Aspergillus.
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Key Words
- Aspergillus canadensis Visagie, Yilmaz, F. Sklenar & Seifert
- Aspergillus clavatophorus F. Sklenar, S.W. Peterson & Hubka
- Aspergillus destruens Zalar, F. Sklenar, S.W. Peterson & Hubka
- Aspergillus domesticus F. Sklenar, Houbraken, Zalar & Hubka
- Aspergillus glabripes F. Sklenar, Ž. Jurjević & Hubka
- Aspergillus hordei F. Sklenar, S.W. Peterson & Hubka
- Aspergillus infrequens F. Sklenar, S.W. Peterson & Hubka
- Aspergillus magnivesiculatus F. Sklenar, Zalar, Ž. Jurjević & Hubka
- Aspergillus pachycaulis F. Sklenar, S.W. Peterson, Ž. Jurjević & Hubka
- Aspergillus penicillioides
- Aspergillus pseudogracilis F. Sklenar, Ž. Jurjević & Hubka
- Aspergillus restrictus
- Aspergillus reticulatus F. Sklenar, Ž. Jurjević, S.W. Peterson & Hubka
- Aspergillus salinicola Zalar, F. Sklenar, Visagie & Hubka
- Aspergillus tardicrescens F. Sklenar, Houbraken, Zalar, & Hubka
- Aspergillus villosus F. Sklenar, S.W. Peterson & Hubka
- Eurotium
- food spoilage
- indoor fungi
- linear discriminant analysis
- multigene phylogeny
- multispecies coalescent model
- sick building syndrome
- xerophilic fungi
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19
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Abstract
Xerophilic fungi, especially Aspergillus species, are prevalent in the built environment. In this study, we employed a combined culture-independent (454-pyrosequencing) and culture-dependent (dilution-to-extinction) approach to investigate the mycobiota of indoor dust collected from 93 buildings in 12 countries worldwide. High and low water activity (aw) media were used to capture mesophile and xerophile biodiversity, resulting in the isolation of approximately 9 000 strains. Among these, 340 strains representing seven putative species in Aspergillus subgenus Polypaecilum were isolated, mostly from lowered aw media, and tentatively identified based on colony morphology and internal transcribed spacer rDNA region (ITS) barcodes. Further morphological study and phylogenetic analyses using sequences of ITS, β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), DNA topoisomerase 1 (TOP1), and a pre-mRNA processing protein homolog (TSR1) confirmed the isolation of seven species of subgenus Polypaecilum, including five novel species: A. baarnensis, A. keratitidis, A. kalimae sp. nov., A. noonimiae sp. nov., A. thailandensis sp. nov., A. waynelawii sp. nov., and A. whitfieldii sp. nov. Pyrosequencing detected six of the seven species isolated from house dust, as well as one additional species absent from the cultures isolated, and three clades representing potentially undescribed species. Species were typically found in house dust from subtropical and tropical climates, often in close proximity to the ocean or sea. The presence of subgenus Polypaecilum, a recently described clade of xerophilic/xerotolerant, halotolerant/halophilic, and potentially zoopathogenic species, within the built environment is noteworthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.B. Tanney
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Biodiversity (Mycology and Microbiology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - C.M. Visagie
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Biodiversity (Mycology and Microbiology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
- Biosystematics Division, ARC-Plant Health and Protection, P/BagX134, Queenswood, 0121 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - N. Yilmaz
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Biodiversity (Mycology and Microbiology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - K.A. Seifert
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Biodiversity (Mycology and Microbiology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
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20
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Polyphasic taxonomy of Aspergillus section Aspergillus (formerly Eurotium), and its occurrence in indoor environments and food. Stud Mycol 2017; 88:37-135. [PMID: 28860671 PMCID: PMC5573881 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus section Aspergillus (formerly the genus Eurotium) includes xerophilic species with uniseriate conidiophores, globose to subglobose vesicles, green conidia and yellow, thin walled eurotium-like ascomata with hyaline, lenticular ascospores. In the present study, a polyphasic approach using morphological characters, extrolites, physiological characters and phylogeny was applied to investigate the taxonomy of this section. Over 500 strains from various culture collections and new isolates obtained from indoor environments and a wide range of substrates all over the world were identified using calmodulin gene sequencing. Of these, 163 isolates were subjected to molecular phylogenetic analyses using sequences of ITS rDNA, partial β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) genes. Colony characteristics were documented on eight cultivation media, growth parameters at three incubation temperatures were recorded and micromorphology was examined using light microscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy to illustrate and characterize each species. Many specific extrolites were extracted and identified from cultures, including echinulins, epiheveadrides, auroglaucins and anthraquinone bisanthrons, and to be consistent in strains of nearly all species. Other extrolites are species-specific, and thus valuable for identification. Several extrolites show antioxidant effects, which may be nutritionally beneficial in food and beverages. Important mycotoxins in the strict sense, such as sterigmatocystin, aflatoxins, ochratoxins, citrinin were not detected despite previous reports on their production in this section. Adopting a polyphasic approach, 31 species are recognized, including nine new species. ITS is highly conserved in this section and does not distinguish species. All species can be differentiated using CaM or RPB2 sequences. For BenA, Aspergillus brunneus and A. niveoglaucus share identical sequences. Ascospores and conidia morphology, growth rates at different temperatures are most useful characters for phenotypic species identification.
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Key Words
- A. aurantiacoflavus Hubka, A.J. Chen, Jurjević & Samson
- A. caperatus A.J. Chen, Frisvad & Samson
- A. endophyticus Hubka, A.J. Chen, & Samson
- A. levisporus Hubka, A.J. Chen, Jurjević & Samson
- A. porosus A.J. Chen, Frisvad & Samson
- A. tamarindosoli A.J. Chen, Frisvad & Samson
- A. teporis A.J. Chen, Frisvad & Samson
- A. zutongqii A.J. Chen, Frisvad & Samson
- Ascomycota
- Aspergillaceae
- Aspergillus aerius A.J. Chen, Frisvad & Samson
- Aspergillus proliferans
- Eurotiales
- Eurotium amstelodami
- Extrolites
- Multi-gene phylogeny
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