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Dupérré N. Araneae (spiders) of South America: a synopsis of current knowledge. NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2021.2022722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Dupérré
- Zoological Museum Hamburg, Leibniz-Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Center for Taxonomy and Morphology, Hamburg, Germany
- American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Crews SC, Galvis W, Esposito LA. Gliding canopy flatties and relatives from the Selenops banksi group (Araneae: Selenopidae). J NAT HIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1844914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Crews
- Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William Galvis
- Grupo De Investigación En Aracnología & Miriapodología (GAM-UN), Instituto De Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional De Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lauren A. Esposito
- Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Crews SC, Esposito LA. Towards a synthesis of the Caribbean biogeography of terrestrial arthropods. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:12. [PMID: 31980017 PMCID: PMC6979080 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1576-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immense geologic and ecological complexity of the Caribbean has created a natural laboratory for interpreting when and how organisms disperse through time and space. However, competing hypotheses compounded with this complexity have resulted in a lack of unifying principles of biogeography for the region. Though new data concerning the timing of geologic events and dispersal events are emerging, powerful new analytical tools now allow for explicit hypothesis testing. Arthropods, with varying dispersal ability and high levels of endemism in the Caribbean, are an important, albeit understudied, biogeographic model system. Herein, we include a comprehensive analysis of every publicly available genetic dataset (at the time of writing) of terrestrial Caribbean arthropod groups using a statistically robust pipeline to explicitly test the current extent of biogeographic hypotheses for the region. RESULTS Our findings indicate several important biogeographic generalizations for the region: the South American continent is the predominant origin of Caribbean arthropod fauna; GAARlandia played a role for some taxa in aiding dispersal from South America to the Greater Antilles; founder event dispersal explains the majority of dispersal events by terrestrial arthropods, and distance between landmasses is important for dispersal; most dispersal events occurred via island hopping; there is evidence of 'reverse' dispersal from islands to the mainland; dispersal across the present-day Isthmus of Panama generally occurred prior to 3 mya; the Greater Antilles harbor more lineage diversity than the Lesser Antilles, and the larger Greater Antilles typically have greater lineage diversity than the smaller islands; basal Caribbean taxa are primarily distributed in the Greater Antilles, the basal-most being from Cuba, and derived taxa are mostly distributed in the Lesser Antilles; Jamaican taxa are usually endemic and monophyletic. CONCLUSIONS Given the diversity and deep history of terrestrial arthropods, incongruence of biogeographic patterns is expected, but focusing on both similarities and differences among divergent taxa with disparate life histories emphasizes the importance of particular qualities responsible for resulting diversification patterns. Furthermore, this study provides an analytical toolkit that can be used to guide researchers interested in answering questions pertaining to Caribbean biogeography using explicit hypothesis testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Crews
- California Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
| | - Lauren A Esposito
- California Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA.
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Seppälä S, Henriques S, Draney ML, Foord S, Gibbons AT, Gomez LA, Kariko S, Malumbres-Olarte J, Milne M, Vink CJ, Cardoso P. Species conservation profiles of a random sample of world spiders IV: Scytodidae to Zoropsidae. Biodivers Data J 2018:e30842. [PMID: 30588164 PMCID: PMC6303285 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.6.e30842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the most widely used information source on the extinction risk of species. One of the uses of the Red List is to evaluate and monitor the state of biodiversity and a possible approach for this purpose is the Red List Index (RLI). For many taxa, mainly hyperdiverse groups, it is not possible within available resources to assess all known species. In such cases, a random sample of species might be selected for assessment and the results derived from it extrapolated for the entire group - the Sampled Red List Index (SRLI). The current contribution is the final in four papers that will constitute the baseline of a future spider SRLI encompassing 200 species distributed across the world. New information A sample of 200 species of spiders were randomly selected from the World Spider Catalogue, an updated global database containing all recognised species names for the group. The selected species were classified taxonomically at the family level and the familes were ordered alphabetically. In this publication, we present the conservation profiles of 50 species belonging to the families alphabetically arranged between Scytodidae and Zoropsidae, which encompassed Scytodidae, Selenopidae, Sicariidae, Sparassidae, Tetrablemmidae, Tetragnathidae, Theraphosidae, Theridiidae, Theridiosomatidae, Thomisidae, Trochanteriidae, Zodariidae and Zoropsidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Seppälä
- LIBRe - Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland LIBRe - Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group Helsinki Finland
| | - Sérgio Henriques
- University College London, London, United Kingdom University College London London United Kingdom.,LIBRe - Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland LIBRe - Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group Helsinki Finland
| | - Michael L Draney
- University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, United States of America University of Wisconsin-Green Bay Green Bay United States of America.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group Helsinki Finland
| | - Stefan Foord
- University of Venda, Thohyandou, South Africa University of Venda Thohyandou South Africa.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group Helsinki Finland
| | - Alastair T Gibbons
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom University of Nottingham Nottingham United Kingdom.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group Helsinki Finland
| | - Luz A Gomez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group Helsinki Finland
| | - Sarah Kariko
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States of America Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University Cambridge United States of America.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group Helsinki Finland
| | - Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, University of the Azores Angra do Heroísmo Portugal.,LIBRe - Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland LIBRe - Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group Helsinki Finland.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain.,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Marc Milne
- University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, United States of America University of Indianapolis Indianapolis United States of America.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group Helsinki Finland
| | - Cor J Vink
- Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand Canterbury Museum Christchurch New Zealand.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group Helsinki Finland
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- LIBRe - Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland LIBRe - Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group Helsinki Finland
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Zamani A, Crews SC. The flattie spider family Selenopidae (Araneae) in the Middle East. ZOOLOGY IN THE MIDDLE EAST 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09397140.2018.1540150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Zamani
- School of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah C. Crews
- Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA
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Zeng Y, Crews S. Biomechanics of omnidirectional strikes in flat spiders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.166512. [PMID: 29440135 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.166512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Many ambush predators attack prey using rapid strikes, but these strikes are typically only anteriorly directed. However, a predator may attack laterally and posteriorly oriented prey if it can couple the strikes with rapid body reorientation. Here, we examined omnidirectional strikes in flattie spiders (Selenopidae), a group of sit-and-wait ambush predators found on open surfaces. These spiders attack prey throughout their entire peripheral range using rapid strikes that consist of rapid translation and rotation toward the prey. These spiders ambush with radially oriented, long, laterigrade legs in a ready-to-fire status. Once prey is detected, the spider maneuvers toward it using a single flexion of the legs closest to the prey, which is assisted by 0-3 extension strides by the contralateral legs. The within-stance joint actions by a few legs generate a large resultant force directed toward the prey and a large turning moment. Furthermore, the turning speed is enhanced by rapid midair leg adductions, which effectively reduce the spider's moment of inertia during angular acceleration. Our results demonstrate a novel hunting behavior with high maneuverability that is generated with effectively controlled reconfigurations of long, laterigrade legs. These results provide insights for understanding the diversity of animal legs and developing highly maneuverable multi-legged robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zeng
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA .,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 3040 Valley Life Sciences Bldg #3140, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA
| | - Sarah Crews
- Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
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Crews SC, Thomas AK, Hester S. First Record of Selenops submaculosus Bryant (Araneae, Selenopidae; a flattie spider) from Louisiana. SOUTHEAST NAT 2018. [DOI: 10.1656/058.017.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Crews
- California Academy of Sciences, Department of Entomology, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118
| | - Aimée K. Thomas
- Loyola University New Orleans, Department of Biological Sciences, 6363 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118
| | - Shannon Hester
- Loyola University New Orleans, Department of Biological Sciences, 6363 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118
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Agnarsson I, van Patten C, Sargeant L, Chomitz B, Dziki A, Binford GJ. A radiation of the ornate Caribbean ‘smiley-faced spiders’, with descriptions of 15 new species (Araneae: Theridiidae, Spintharus). Zool J Linn Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingi Agnarsson
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th & Constitution NWWashington, DC, USA
| | - Chloe van Patten
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Lily Sargeant
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Ben Chomitz
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Austin Dziki
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Greta J Binford
- Department of Biology, Lewis and Clark College, Portland, OR, USA
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Villanueva-Bonilla GA, Vasconcellos-Neto J. Population dynamics and phenology of the wall crab spider Selenops cocheleti Simon, 1880 (Araneae: Selenopidae) in Southeastern Brazil. STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01650521.2016.1234848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - João Vasconcellos-Neto
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Yanoviak SP, Munk Y, Dudley R. Arachnid aloft: directed aerial descent in neotropical canopy spiders. J R Soc Interface 2016; 12:0534. [PMID: 26289654 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2015.0534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The behaviour of directed aerial descent has been described for numerous taxa of wingless hexapods as they fall from the tropical rainforest canopy, but is not known in other terrestrial arthropods. Here, we describe similar controlled aerial behaviours for large arboreal spiders in the genus Selenops (Selenopidae). We dropped 59 such spiders from either canopy platforms or tree crowns in Panama and Peru; the majority (93%) directed their aerial trajectories towards and then landed upon nearby tree trunks. Following initial dorsoventral righting when necessary, falling spiders oriented themselves and then translated head-first towards targets; directional changes were correlated with bilaterally asymmetric motions of the anterolaterally extended forelegs. Aerial performance (i.e. the glide index) decreased with increasing body mass and wing loading, but not with projected surface area of the spider. Along with the occurrence of directed aerial descent in ants, jumping bristletails, and other wingless hexapods, this discovery of targeted gliding in selenopid spiders further indicates strong selective pressures against uncontrolled falls into the understory for arboreal taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Yanoviak
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, 139 Life Sciences Building, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Yonatan Munk
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Robert Dudley
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panama
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Abstract
This catalogue lists 1,084 species of spiders (three identified to genus only) in 311 genera from 53 families currently recorded from Texas and is based on the "Bibliography of Texas Spiders" published by Bea Vogel in 1970. The online list of species can be found at http://pecanspiders.tamu.edu/spidersoftexas.htm. Many taxonomic revisions have since been published, particularly in the families Araneidae, Gnaphosidae and Leptonetidae. Many genera in other families have been revised. The Anyphaenidae, Ctenidae, Hahniidae, Nesticidae, Sicariidae and Tetragnathidae were also revised. Several families have been added and others split up. Several genera of Corinnidae were transferred to Phrurolithidae and Trachelidae. Two genera from Miturgidae were transferred to Eutichuridae. Zoridae was synonymized under Miturgidae. A single species formerly in Amaurobiidae is now in the Family Amphinectidae. Some trapdoor spiders in the family Ctenizidae have been transferred to Euctenizidae. Gertsch and Mulaik started a list of Texas spiders in 1940. In a letter from Willis J. Gertsch dated October 20, 1982, he stated "Years ago a first listing of the Texas fauna was published by me based largely on Stanley Mulaik material, but it had to be abandoned because of other tasks." This paper is a compendium of the spiders of Texas with distribution, habitat, collecting method and other data available from revisions and collections. This includes many records and unpublished data (including data from three unpublished studies). One of these studies included 16,000 adult spiders belonging to 177 species in 29 families. All specimens in that study were measured and results are in the appendix. Hidalgo County has 340 species recorded with Brazos County at 323 and Travis County at 314 species. These reflect the amount of collecting in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Allen Dean
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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Crews SC, Yang A. Notes on the Spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Turks and Caicos Islands, British West Indies. CARIBB J SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.18475/cjos.v49i1.a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Merino-Sáinz I, Anadón A, Torralba-Burrial A. Harvestmen of the BOS Arthropod Collection of the University of Oviedo (Spain) (Arachnida, Opiliones). Zookeys 2013; 341:21-36. [PMID: 24146596 PMCID: PMC3800807 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.341.6130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There are significant gaps in accessible knowledge about the distribution and phenology of Iberian harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones). Harvestmen accessible datasets in Iberian Peninsula are unknown, an only two other datasets available in GBIF are composed exclusively of harvestmen records. Moreover, only a few harvestmen data from Iberian Peninsula are available in GBIF network (or in any network that allows public retrieval or use these data). This paper describes the data associated with the Opiliones kept in the BOS Arthropod Collection of the University of Oviedo, Spain (hosted in the Department of Biología de Organismos y Sistemas), filling some of those gaps. The specimens were mainly collected from the northern third of the Iberian Peninsula. The earliest specimen deposited in the collection, dating back to the early 20(th) century, belongs to the P. Franganillo Collection. The dataset documents the collection of 16,455 specimens, preserved in 3,772 vials. Approximately 38% of the specimens belong to the family Sclerosomatidae, and 26% to Phalangidae; six other families with fewer specimens are also included. Data quality control was incorporated at several steps of digitisation process to facilitate reuse and improve accuracy. The complete dataset is also provided in Darwin Core Archive format, allowing public retrieval, use and combination with other biological, biodiversity of geographical variables datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaskun Merino-Sáinz
- Universidad de Oviedo - Dpto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, C/ Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Araceli Anadón
- Universidad de Oviedo - Dpto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, C/ Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Antonio Torralba-Burrial
- Universidad de Oviedo - Cluster de Energía, Medioambiente y Cambio Climático, Plaza de Riego 4, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
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Crews SC, Harvey MS. The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region. Zookeys 2011:1-104. [PMID: 21738435 PMCID: PMC3118779 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.99.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We relimit and revise the family Selenopidae to include four new genera and 27 new species from Australia and the Oriental Region. The family is redefined, as are the genera Anyphops Benoit, Garcorops Corronca, Hovops Benoit, Selenops Latreille, and Siamspinops Dankittipakul & Corronca, to accommodate the new genera and to correct previous inconsistencies in the diagnoses and definitions of the aforementioned genera. The species of Selenops that occur throughout India and China are also reviewed. Three species occur in China: Selenops bursarius Karsch 1879, also known from Japan, Korea and Taiwan, Selenops ollarius Zhu, Sha, & Chen 1990, and Selenops radiatus Latreille 1819, the type of the genus and most widespread selenopid. Selenops cordatus Zhu, Sha & Chen syn. n. is recognized as a junior synonym of Selenops radiatus. Amamanganopsgen. n. is monotypic, with Amamanganops baginawasp. n. (♀; from the Philippines). Godumopsgen. n. is monotypic, with Godumops caritussp. n. (♂; from Papua New Guinea). Karaopsgen. n. occurs throughout Australia and includes 24 species. A new combination is proposed for Karaops australiensis (L. Koch 1875) comb. n. (ex. Selenops), and the new species: Karaops gangariesp. n. (♀, ♂), Karaops monteithisp. n. (♀), Karaops alanlongbottomisp. n. (♂), Karaops keithlongbottomisp. n. (♂), Karaops larryoosp. n. (♂), Karaops jarritsp. n. (♂,♀), Karaops marrayagongsp. n. (♀), Karaops ravenisp. n. (♂,♀), Karaops badgeraddasp. n. (♀), Karaops burbidgeisp. n. (♂,♀), Karaops karrawarlasp. n. (♂,♀), Karaops julianneaesp. n. (♀), Karaops martamartasp. n. (♀), Karaops manaaynsp. n. (♀, ♂), Karaops vadlaadambarasp. n. (♀, ♂), Karaops pilkingtonisp. n. (♀, ♂), Karaops deserticolasp. n. (♀), Karaops ngarutjaranyasp. n. (♂,♀), Karaops francesaesp. n. (♂,♀), Karaops toolbrunupsp. n. (♀, ♂), the type species Karaops ellenaesp. n. (♂,♀), Karaops jenniferaesp. n. (♀), and Karaops dawarasp. n. (♀).The genus Makdiopsgen. n. contains five species from India and Nepal. A new combination is proposed for Makdiops agumbensis (Tikader 1969), comb. n., Makdiops montigenus (Simon 1889), comb. n., Makdiops nilgirensis (Reimoser 1934) comb. n.,(ex. Selenops). Also, there are two new species the type of the genus Makdiops mahishasurasp. n. (♀; from India), and Makdiops shivasp. n. (♀). The genus Pakawopsgen. n. is monotypic. A new combination is proposed for Pakawops formosanus (Kayashima 1943) comb. n. (ex. Selenops), known only from Taiwan. A new combination is proposed for Siamspinops aculeatus (Simon)comb. n. (ex. Selenops). The distribution and diversity of the studied selenopid fauna is discussed. Finally, keys are provided to all of the selenopid genera and to the species of Karaopsgen. n.and Makdiopsgen. n.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Crews
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Perth, WA 6986, Australia
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