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O'Connell GC, Wang J, Smothers C. Donor white blood cell differential is the single largest determinant of whole blood gene expression patterns. Genomics 2023; 115:110708. [PMID: 37730167 PMCID: PMC10872590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
It has become widely accepted that sample cellular composition is a significant determinant of the gene expression patterns observed in any transcriptomic experiment performed with bulk tissue. Despite this, many investigations currently performed with whole blood do not experimentally account for possible inter-specimen differences in cellularity, and often assume that any observed gene expression differences are a result of true differences in nuclear transcription. In order to determine how confounding of an assumption this may be, in this study, we recruited a large cohort of human donors (n = 138) and used a combination of next generation sequencing and flow cytometry to quantify and compare the underlying contributions of variance in leukocyte counts versus variance in other biological factors to overall variance in whole blood transcript levels. Our results suggest that the combination of donor neutrophil and lymphocyte counts alone are the primary determinants of whole blood transcript levels for up to 75% of the protein-coding genes expressed in peripheral circulation, whereas the other factors such as age, sex, race, ethnicity, and common disease states have comparatively minimal influence. Broadly, this infers that a majority of gene expression differences observed in experiments performed with whole blood are driven by latent differences in leukocyte counts, and that cell count heterogeneity must be accounted for to meaningfully biologically interpret the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant C O'Connell
- Molecular Biomarker Core, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Jing Wang
- Molecular Biomarker Core, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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2
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Wenbo D, Yifu H, Li K. SPI1 Regulates the Progression of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Modulating TLR5 via NF-κB Signaling. Inflammation 2023; 46:1697-1708. [PMID: 37277671 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01834-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease which associated with inflammation of the spinal joints. Enhanced osteogenic differentiation was observed in AS; however, the underlying mechanism remains undefined. A cohort of AS (n = 15) and patients with traumatic fracture (n = 15) were recruited to this study. Fibroblasts were isolated, and characterized by H&E and immunocytochemistry (ICC) analysis. The expression and secretion of key molecules were detected by qRT-PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence (IF), and ELISA. Calcium deposition and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were monitored by Alizarin Red S and ALP staining. The direct association between Spi-1 proto-oncogene (SPI1) and toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) promoter was assessed by ChIP assay. AS fibroblasts was successfully isolated and exhibited osteogenic differentiation potentials. SPI1 was elevated in AS fibroblasts, and silencing of SPI1 inhibited osteogenic differentiation of AS fibroblasts. Mechanistic study showed that SPI1 acted as a transcriptional activator of TLR5. Knockdown of TLR5 suppressed osteogenic differentiation of AS fibroblasts via nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. Rescue experiments revealed that overexpression of TLR5 reversed SPI1 knockdown-suppressed osteogenic differentiation via NF-κB signaling. SPI1 regulated the progression of AS by modulating TLR5 via NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Wenbo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541000, China
| | - He Yifu
- Surgical Department, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationality, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541000, China.
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3
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Cozzi G, Scagnellato L, Lorenzin M, Savarino E, Zingone F, Ometto F, Favero M, Doria A, Vavricka SR, Ramonda R. Spondyloarthritis with inflammatory bowel disease: the latest on biologic and targeted therapies. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023:10.1038/s41584-023-00984-8. [PMID: 37386288 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-00984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) encompasses a heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory diseases that can affect both axial and peripheral joints, tendons and entheses. Among the extra-articular manifestations, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with considerable morbidity and effects on quality of life. In everyday clinical practice, treatment of these conditions requires a close collaboration between gastroenterologists and rheumatologists to enable early detection of joint and intestinal manifestations during follow-up and to choose the most effective therapeutic regimen, implementing precision medicine for each patient's subtype of SpA and IBD. The biggest issue in this field is the dearth of drugs that are approved for both diseases, as only TNF inhibitors are currently approved for the treatment of full-spectrum SpA-IBD. Janus tyrosine kinase inhibitors are among the most promising drugs for the treatment of peripheral and axial SpA, as well as for intestinal manifestations. Other therapies such as inhibitors of IL-23 and IL-17, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, α4β7 integrin blockers and faecal microbiota transplantation seem to only be able to control some disease domains, or require further studies. Given the growing interest in the development of novel drugs to treat both conditions, it is important to understand the current state of the art and the unmet needs in the management of SpA-IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Cozzi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Scagnellato
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Lorenzin
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Savarino
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabiana Zingone
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Ometto
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Favero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Stephan R Vavricka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich and Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Ramonda
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy.
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4
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Brown AC, Cohen CJ, Mielczarek O, Migliorini G, Costantino F, Allcock A, Davidson C, Elliott KS, Fang H, Lledó Lara A, Martin AC, Osgood JA, Sanniti A, Scozzafava G, Vecellio M, Zhang P, Black MH, Li S, Truong D, Molineros J, Howe T, Wordsworth BP, Bowness P, Knight JC. Comprehensive epigenomic profiling reveals the extent of disease-specific chromatin states and informs target discovery in ankylosing spondylitis. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100306. [PMID: 37388915 PMCID: PMC10300554 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common, highly heritable inflammatory arthritis characterized by enthesitis of the spine and sacroiliac joints. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed more than 100 genetic associations whose functional effects remain largely unresolved. Here, we present a comprehensive transcriptomic and epigenomic map of disease-relevant blood immune cell subsets from AS patients and healthy controls. We find that, while CD14+ monocytes and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells show disease-specific differences at the RNA level, epigenomic differences are only apparent upon multi-omics integration. The latter reveals enrichment at disease-associated loci in monocytes. We link putative functional SNPs to genes using high-resolution Capture-C at 10 loci, including PTGER4 and ETS1, and show how disease-specific functional genomic data can be integrated with GWASs to enhance therapeutic target discovery. This study combines epigenetic and transcriptional analysis with GWASs to identify disease-relevant cell types and gene regulation of likely pathogenic relevance and prioritize drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Brown
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Carla J. Cohen
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- MRC WIMM Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Olga Mielczarek
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Horizon Discovery (PerkinElmer) Cambridge Research Park, 8100 Beach Dr., Waterbeach, Cambridge CB25 9TL, UK
| | - Gabriele Migliorini
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Félicie Costantino
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- UVSQ, INSERM UMR1173, Infection et Inflammation, Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
- Rheumatology Department, AP-HP, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alice Allcock
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Connor Davidson
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | | | - Hai Fang
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Centre for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Alicia Lledó Lara
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Alice C. Martin
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Julie A. Osgood
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Anna Sanniti
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Giuseppe Scozzafava
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Matteo Vecellio
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
- Centro Ricerche Fondazione Italiana Ricerca sull’Artrite (FIRA), Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, Via Ferruccio Giovannini 13, 56017 San Giuliano Terme (Pisa), Italy
| | - Ping Zhang
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Mary Helen Black
- Data Science, Population Analytics, Janssen R&D, Spring House, PA 19002, USA
| | - Shuwei Li
- Data Science, Population Analytics, Janssen R&D, Spring House, PA 19002, USA
| | - Dongnhu Truong
- Data Science, Population Analytics, Janssen R&D, Spring House, PA 19002, USA
| | - Julio Molineros
- Data Science, Population Analytics, Janssen R&D, Spring House, PA 19002, USA
| | - Trevor Howe
- Data Science, External Innovation, Janssen R&D, London W1G 0BG, UK
| | - B. Paul Wordsworth
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX4 2PG, UK
| | - Paul Bowness
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX4 2PG, UK
| | - Julian C. Knight
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX4 2PG, UK
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Hwang M, Assassi S, Zheng J, Castillo J, Chavez R, Vanarsa K, Mohan C, Reveille J. Quantitative proteomic screening uncovers candidate diagnostic and monitoring serum biomarkers of ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:57. [PMID: 37041650 PMCID: PMC10088143 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to discover serum biomarkers of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) for diagnosis and monitoring disease activity. METHODS We studied biologic-treatment-naïve AS and healthy control (HC) patients' sera. Eighty samples matched by age, gender, and race (1:1:1 ratio) for AS patients with active disease, inactive disease, and HC were analyzed with SOMAscan™, an aptamer-based discovery platform. T-tests tests were performed for high/low-disease activity AS patients versus HCs (diagnosis) and high versus low disease activity (Monitoring) in a 2:1 and 1:1 ratio, respectively, to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). We used the Cytoscape Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) plugin to find clusters in protein-protein interaction networks and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) for upstream regulators. Lasso regression analysis was performed for diagnosis. RESULTS Of the 1317 proteins detected in our diagnosis and monitoring analyses, 367 and 167 (317 and 59, FDR-corrected q < .05) DEPs, respectively, were detected. MCODE identified complement, IL-10 signaling, and immune/interleukin signaling as the top 3 diagnosis PPI clusters. Complement, extracellular matrix organization/proteoglycans, and MAPK/RAS signaling were the top 3 monitoring PPI clusters. IPA showed interleukin 23/17 (interleukin 22, interleukin 23A), TNF (TNF receptor-associated factor 3), cGAS-STING (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, Stimulator of Interferon Gene 1), and Jak/Stat (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1), signaling in predicted upstream regulators. Lasso regression identified a Diagnostic 13-protein model predictive of AS. This model had a sensitivity of 0.75, specificity of 0.90, a kappa of 0.59, and overall accuracy of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.61-0.92). The AS vs HC ROC curve was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.61-0.96). CONCLUSION We identified multiple candidate AS diagnostic and disease activity monitoring serum biomarkers using a comprehensive proteomic screen. Enrichment analysis identified key pathways in AS diagnosis and monitoring. Lasso regression identified a multi-protein panel with modest predictive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hwang
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin MSB.5270, TX, 77030, Houston, USA.
| | - Shervin Assassi
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin MSB.5270, TX, 77030, Houston, USA
| | - Jim Zheng
- School of Biomedical Informatics, UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Reyna Chavez
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin MSB.5270, TX, 77030, Houston, USA
| | - Kamala Vanarsa
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Reveille
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin MSB.5270, TX, 77030, Houston, USA
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Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis (CRMO) and Juvenile Spondyloarthritis (JSpA): To What Extent Are They Related? J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020453. [PMID: 36675382 PMCID: PMC9867437 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is an autoinflammatory disease occurring mainly in the pediatric age group (before 16 years) and generally presents as a separate entity. Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome combines osteoarticular and cutaneous involvement, similar to CRMO, and falls into the spectrum of spondyloarthritis (SpA). The fact that a patient can progress from one disease to another raises the question of whether CRMO, like SAPHO, could fall within the spectrum of SpA, ranging from a predominantly osteoarticular form to an enthesitic form with more or less marked skin involvement. In this review, we set out to discuss this hypothesis by highlighting the differences and similarities between CRMO and juvenile SpA in clinical, radiological and pathophysiological aspects. A common hypothesis could potentially consider intestinal dysbiosis as the origin of these different inflammatory diseases. Interindividual factors such as gender, environment, genetics and/or epigenetic background could act as combined disease modifiers. This is why we suggest that pathophysiology, rather than clinical phenotype, be used to reclassify these diseases.
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7
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Shang J, Liu X, Bi Y, Yan L, Tian C, Guan Y. Transmembrane protein 106C accelerates the progression of breast cancer through the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Mao D, Yan F, Zhang X, Gao G. TMEM106A inhibits enveloped virus release from cell surface. iScience 2022; 25:103843. [PMID: 35198896 PMCID: PMC8844723 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enveloped viruses pose constant threat to hosts from ocean to land. Virion particle release from cell surface is a critical step in the viral life cycle for most enveloped viruses, making it a common antiviral target for the host defense system. Here we report that host factor TMEM106A inhibits the release of enveloped viruses from the cell surface. TMEM106A is a type II transmembrane protein localized on the plasma membrane and can be incorporated into HIV-1 virion particles. Through intermolecular interactions of its C-terminal domains on virion particle and plasma membrane, TMEM106A traps virion particles to the cell surface. HIV-1 Env interacts with TMEM106A to interfere with the intermolecular interactions and partially suppresses its antiviral activity. TMEM106A orthologs from various species displayed potent antiviral activity against multiple enveloped viruses. These results suggest that TMEM106A is an evolutionarily conserved antiviral factor that inhibits the release of enveloped viruses from the cell surface. Type II transmembrane protein TMEM106A can be incorporated into virion particles TMEM106A inhibits enveloped virion release through C-terminal molecular interactions HIV-1 envelope protein interacts with TMEM106A and suppresses its antiviral activity TMEM106A is an evolutionarily conserved antiviral factor against multiple viruses
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feixiang Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guangxia Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence
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9
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Zhang L, Qu L, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Tang H. Differential expression of circular RNAs in plasma exosomes from patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:649-659. [PMID: 34989461 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are being extensively studied as a source of valuable new biomarkers. The underlying mechanism of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) may include changes in the circular RNAs (circRNAs) of exosomes. However, there is a lack of reports on the role of exosomal cirRNAs in the plasma of patients with AS. We isolated exosomes from the plasma of patients with AS and healthy individuals (controls). Subsequently, we investigated the circRNA profiles of the exosomes via high-throughput RNA sequencing and identified 56 differentially expressed circRNAs in the exosomes of patients with AS compared with those of the healthy controls. Gene Ontology (GO) demonstrated that the differentially expressed circRNAs were mainly involved in the negative regulation of the activity of the transcription factor NF-κB and bone remodelling that is potentially related to AS. Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes and Genome (KEGG) demonstrated that the most highly AS-correlated pathways that were identified were "notch signalling pathway" and those primarily involved with "cholinergic synapse". Finally, we validated five differentially expressed circRNAs using quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) and predicted their potential functions through the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network.Our study is the first to report changes in exosomal circRNAs from plasma samples of patients with AS, and provides novel targets for further investigation of molecular mechanisms and potential intervention therapy targets of AS. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Zhang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liyan Qu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhijiang Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huqiang Tang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang, China
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10
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The gut-enthesis axis and the pathogenesis of Spondyloarthritis. Semin Immunol 2021; 58:101607. [PMID: 35850909 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Subclinical inflammation is associated with Spondylarthritis (SpA). SpA patients show features of dysbiosis, altered gut barrier function, and local expansion of innate and innate-like cells involved in type 3 immune response. The recirculation of intestinal primed immune cells into the bloodstream and, in some cases, in the joints and the inflamed bone marrow of SpA patients gave the basis of the gut-joint axis theory. In the light of the critical role of enthesis in the pathogenesis of SpA and the identification of mucosal-derived immune cells residing into the normal human enthesis, a gut-enthesis axis is also likely to exist. This work reviews the current knowledge on enthesis-associated innate immune cells' primary involvement in enthesitis development, questions their origin, and critically discusses the clues supporting the existence of a gut-enthesis axis contributing to SpA development.
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11
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Jiang C, Li F, Yang M, Duan J, Lai J, Sun S, Fan S. LINC00238 inhibits hepatic carcinoma progression by activating TMEM106C‑mediated apoptosis pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:757. [PMID: 34476506 PMCID: PMC8436210 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the regulatory mechanism of long intergenic non-protein coding (LINC)00238 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). LINC00238 expression in HCC tissues and cell lines was measured using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. LncTar was used to predict the binding sites between LINC00238 and transmembrane protein 106C (TMEM106C). Survival analysis of LINC00238, TMEM106C and activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in patients with HCC was performed based on TCGA data. The proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of HCC cells were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium assay, flow cytometer, wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. LINC00238 promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells. LINC00238 was downregulated in HCC. TMEM106C was a target of LINC00238 and TMEM106C expression was negatively regulated by LINC00238. TMEM106C suppressed the apoptosis pathway and decreased the expression of caspase-7, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2, programmed cell death 4 and ATF3. Notably, ATF3 was the upstream promoter of LINC00238 and positively regulated LINC00238 expression. In conclusion, LINC00238 inhibited HCC progression by inhibiting TMEM106 expression and activating the TMEM106C-mediated apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihua Jiang
- Department of Outpatients, Qingdao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qingdao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, P.R. China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Qingdao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Duan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qingdao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Lai
- Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Shulun Sun
- Department of Liver Disease, Qingdao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Fan
- Department of Blood Purification Center, Qingdao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, P.R. China
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12
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Targeting Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Pathways in Inflammatory Arthritis: Two Better Than One? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091291. [PMID: 34572504 PMCID: PMC8464963 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis is a cluster of diseases caused by unregulated activity of the immune system. The lost homeostasis is followed by the immune attack of one’s self, what damages healthy cells and tissues and leads to chronic inflammation of various tissues and organs (e.g., joints, lungs, heart, eyes). Different medications to control the excessive immune response are in use, however, drug resistances, flare-reactions and adverse effects to the current therapies are common in the affected patients. Thus, it is essential to broaden the spectrum of alternative treatments and to develop disease-modifying drugs. In the last 20 years, the involvement of the innate immune receptors TLRs in inflammatory arthritis has been widely investigated and targeting either the receptor itself or the proteins in the downstream signalling cascades has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Yet, concerns about the use of pharmacological agents that inhibit TLR activity and may leave the host unprotected against invading pathogens and toxicity issues amid inhibition of downstream kinases crucial in various cellular functions have arisen. This review summarizes the existing knowledge on the role of TLRs in inflammatory arthritis; in addition, the likely druggable related targets and the developed inhibitors, and discusses the pros and cons of their potential clinical use.
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Ankylosing spondylitis: an autoimmune or autoinflammatory disease? Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:387-404. [PMID: 34113018 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology. Unlike other systemic autoimmune diseases, in AS, the innate immune system has a dominant role characterized by aberrant activity of innate and innate-like immune cells, including γδ T cells, group 3 innate lymphoid cells, neutrophils, mucosal-associated invariant T cells and mast cells, at sites predisposed to the disease. The intestine is involved in disease manifestations, as it is at the forefront of the interaction between the mucosal-associated immune cells and the intestinal microbiota. Similarly, biomechanical factors, such as entheseal micro-trauma, might also be involved in the pathogenesis of the articular manifestation of AS, and sentinel immune cells located in the entheses could provide links between local damage, genetic predisposition and the development of chronic inflammation. Although these elements might support the autoinflammatory nature of AS, studies demonstrating the presence of autoantibodies (such as anti-CD74, anti-sclerostin and anti-noggin antibodies) and evidence of activation and clonal expansion of T cell populations support an autoimmune component to the disease. This Review presents the evidence for autoinflammation and the evidence for autoimmunity in AS and, by discussing the pathophysiological factors associated with each, aims to reconcile the two hypotheses.
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Fisher C, Ciurtin C, Leandro M, Sen D, Wedderburn LR. Similarities and Differences Between Juvenile and Adult Spondyloarthropathies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:681621. [PMID: 34136509 PMCID: PMC8200411 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.681621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) encompasses a broad spectrum of conditions occurring from childhood to middle age. Key features of SpA include axial and peripheral arthritis, enthesitis, extra-articular manifestations, and a strong association with HLA-B27. These features are common across the ages but there are important differences between juvenile and adult onset disease. Juvenile SpA predominantly affects the peripheral joints and the incidence of axial arthritis increases with age. Enthesitis is important in early disease. This review article highlights the similarities and differences between juvenile and adult SpA including classification, pathogenesis, clinical features, imaging, therapeutic strategies, and disease outcomes. In addition, the impact of the biological transition from childhood to adulthood is explored including the importance of musculoskeletal and immunological maturation. We discuss how the changes associated with adolescence may be important in explaining age-related differences in the clinical phenotype between juvenile and adult SpA and their implications for the treatment of juvenile SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Fisher
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Medicine, Department of Rheumatology (Bloomsbury), University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Leandro
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Medicine, Department of Rheumatology (Bloomsbury), University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debajit Sen
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy R Wedderburn
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom.,Infection, Immunity & Inflammation Teaching and Research Department University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Gao S, Zhang J, Xu T, Xun C, Cao R, Guo H, Liang W, Sheng W. Associations of toll-like receptor 4 and 2 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis: A meta-analysis. Int J Immunogenet 2021; 48:219-228. [PMID: 33369094 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The published evidences on the correlations of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR9 gene polymorphisms and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) were conflicting. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether TLR4 and TLR9 gene polymorphisms conferred susceptibility to AS through a meta-analysis approach. METHODS Databases of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI and Wanfang were retrieved for relevant publications up to 20 June 2020. Study quality was assessed based on Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to judge the associations. RESULTS Totally, 13 articles with 3,055 AS cases and 4,238 controls were incorporated into this meta-analysis, and four most widely reported polymorphisms (TLR4-rs4986790, TLR4-rs4986791, TLR9-rs55704465 and TLR9-rs187084) were analysed. All included studies were in high quality. The pooled data did not support any significant association between the four studied polymorphisms and AS susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis suggests there is no significant association between TLR4-rs4986790, TLR4-rs4986791, TLR9-rs55704465 and TLR9-rs187084 polymorphisms and AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Chuanhui Xun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Hailong Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Weidong Liang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Weibin Sheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Urumqi, China
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Sharif K, Bridgewood C, Dubash S, McGonagle D. Intestinal and enthesis innate immunity in early axial spondyloarthropathy. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:iv67-iv78. [PMID: 33053197 PMCID: PMC7566539 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Axial SpA (axSpA), encompassing AS, is a multifactorial disease that localizes to sites of high spinal biomechanical stress. Much has been written on T cells and adaptive immunity in axSpA, which is understandable given the very strong HLA-B27 disease association. Extra-axial disease characteristically involves the anterior uveal tract, aortic root, lung apex and terminal ileum. Under recent classification, axSpA is classified as an intermediate between autoimmunity and autoinflammatory disease, with the latter term being synonymous with innate immune dysregulation. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the ‘danger signals’ from both the exogenous intestinal microbiotal adjuvants or pathogen-associated molecular patterns that access the circulation and endogenously derived damaged self-tissue or damage-associated molecular patterns derived from entheses and other sites of high biomechanical stress or damage that may serve as key drivers of axSpA onset, evolution, disease flares and eventual outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassem Sharif
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Charlie Bridgewood
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sayam Dubash
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
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Najafzadeh L, Mahmoudi M, Ebadi M, Dehghan Shasaltaneh M. Co-expression Network Analysis Reveals Key Genes Related to Ankylosing spondylitis Arthritis Disease: Computational and Experimental Validation. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 19:e2630. [PMID: 34179194 PMCID: PMC8217537 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2021.2630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of arthritis which can cause inflammation in the vertebrae and joints between the spine and pelvis. However, our understanding of the exact genetic mechanisms of AS is still far from being clear. OBJECTIVE To study and find the mechanisms and possible biomarkers related to AS by surveying inter-gene correlations of networks. MATERIALS AND METHODS A weighted gene co-expression network was constructed among genes identified by microarray analysis, gene co-expression network analysis, and network clustering. Then receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were conducted to identify a significant module with the genes implicated in the AS pathogenesis. Real-time PCR was performed to validate the results of microarray analysis. RESULTS In the significant module obtained from the network analysis there were eight AS related genes (LSM3, MRPS11, NSMCE2, PSMA4, UBL5, RPL17, MRPL22 and RPS17) which have been reported in previous studies as hub genes. Further, in this module, eight significant enriched pathways were found with adjusted p-values < 0.001 consisting of oxidative phosphorylation, ribosome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's diseases, spliceosome, and cardiac muscle contraction pathways which have been linked to AS. Furthermore, we identified nine AS related genes (UQCRB, UQCRH, UQCRHL, UQCRQ, COX7B, COX5B, COX6C, COX6A1 and COX7C) in these pathways which can play essential roles in controlling mitochondrial activity and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Real-time PCR results showed that three genes including UQCRH, MRPS11, and NSMCE2 in AS patients were significantly differentially expressed compared with normal controls. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study may contribute to understanding of AS molecular pathogenesis, thereby aiding the early prognosis, diagnosis, and effective therapies of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Najafzadeh
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ebadi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
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Abstract
The term axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) encompasses a heterogeneous group of diseases that have variable presentations, extra-articular manifestations and clinical outcomes, and that will respond differently to treatments. The prototypical type of axSpA, ankylosing spondylitis, is thought to be caused by interaction between the genetically primed host immune system and gut microbiota. Currently used biomarkers such as HLA-B27 status, C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate have, at best, moderate diagnostic and predictive value. Improved biomarkers are needed for axSpA to assist with early diagnosis and to better predict treatment responses and long-term outcomes. Advances in a range of 'omics' technologies and statistical approaches, including genomics approaches (such as polygenic risk scores), microbiome profiling and, potentially, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic profiling, are making it possible for more informative biomarker sets to be developed for use in such clinical applications. Future developments in this field will probably involve combinations of biomarkers that require novel statistical approaches to analyse and to produce easy to interpret metrics for clinical application. Large publicly available datasets from well-characterized case-cohort studies that use extensive biological sampling, particularly focusing on early disease and responses to medications, are required to establish successful biomarker discovery and validation programmes.
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Luo X, Han G, Lu R, Guan S, Wang Y, Ju L, Chen L, Shao J, Bian Z. Transmembrane protein 106C promotes the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:4484-4495. [PMID: 32037603 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several protein-coding genes have been identified to play essential roles in cancer biology, and they are dysregulated in many tumors. Transmembrane protein 106C (TMEM106C) is differentially expressed in several human and porcine diseases; however, the expression and biological functions of TMEM106C in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not clear. In our study, we obtained paired tissue samples from patients undergoing resection for HCC and public databases, which were analyzed for TMEM106C expression using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We further conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments in HCC cell lines and nude mice, respectively, in which TMEM106C was overexpressed or knocked down. Cell-Counting Kit-8 and colony formation experiments were used to determine the influence of TMEM106C on cell proliferation, flow cytometric assays were used to detect the influence on cell cycle distribution and apoptosis, and transwell assays were used for detecting changes in cell migration and invasion. TMEM106C levels were significantly elevated in HCC tissues and cell lines from public databases and our collected specimens from patients. Moreover, higher TMEM106C expression levels predicted a poor prognosis in HCC patients in survival analysis. Overexpression of TMEM106C in HCC cells accelerated cell growth, migration, and invasion, but it inhibited cell apoptosis by targeting forkhead box O-1 (FOXO1) and FOXO3. Conversely, TMEM106C knockdown impeded cell proliferation and metastasis, whereas it enhanced the rate of apoptosis. More important, knockdown of the expression of TMEM106C in HCC cells inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors in vivo. Collectively, these results suggest that TMEM106C acts as an oncogene and can serve as a potential therapeutic target for HCC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renfei Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaopei Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Nantong Institute of Liver Disease, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linling Ju
- Nantong Institute of Liver Disease, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Nantong Institute of Liver Disease, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianguo Shao
- Nantong Institute of Liver Disease, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaolian Bian
- Nantong Institute of Liver Disease, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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20
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Li Y, Huang L, Cai Z, Deng W, Wang P, Su H, Wu Y, Shen H. A Study of the Immunoregulatory Function of TLR3 and TLR4 on Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Ankylosing Spondylitis. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1398-1412. [PMID: 31456484 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics and Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaopeng Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen University Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen Deng
- Center for Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen University Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongjun Su
- Center for Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Wu
- Center for Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiyong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen University Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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21
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Zhang J, Xu R, Wu L, Jiang J. Expression and function of Toll‑like receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3565-3572. [PMID: 31485664 PMCID: PMC6755152 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Toll‑like receptors (TLRs) are involved in non‑specific immunity. In the present study, the roles of TLRs in AS were investigated. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR). The expression levels of TLRs and nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) signaling‑associated factors were determined via RT‑qPCR and western blot analyses. It was observed that the levels of interleukin (IL)‑6, tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α), C‑reactive protein, TLR4 and TLR5 were increased in patients with AS, whereas those of IL‑10 and TLR3 were decreased. Pomalidomide, a TNF‑α release inhibitor, reduced the expression of IL‑6, TNF‑α, TLR4, TLR5 and phosphorylated‑p65, and upregulated that of IL‑10, TLR3 and p65 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with AS. Treatment of patients with infliximab, an anti‑TNF‑α monoclonal antibody, induced similar effects in vivo. In conclusion, it was revealed that inhibition of TNF‑α suppressed inflammatory responses in patients with AS, increased the expression of TLR3 and decreased NF‑κB signaling, and the expression of TLR4 and TLR5. The results indicated that TLRs and the NF‑κB signaling pathway were involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses in AS. These findings provided insight into the mechanisms underlying the development of AS and potential novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Mingzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Rongming Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Mingzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Mingzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Jihong Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Mingzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
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22
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Xu Z, Zhou X, Li H, Chen Q, Chen G. Identification of the key genes and long non‑coding RNAs in ankylosing spondylitis using RNA sequencing. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:1179-1192. [PMID: 30592273 PMCID: PMC6365023 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.4038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an insidious and debilitating form of arthritis that involves the axial skeleton, and its etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. In the present study, three patients with AS and three normal controls from our hospital were enrolled. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed in order to identify the differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and DE long non‑coding RNAs (DElncRNAs) between the patients with AS and normal controls. Construction of an AS‑specific protein‑protein interaction network, a weighted DElncRNA‑DEmRNA co‑expression network and functional annotation of the DEmRNAs co‑expressed with DElncRNAs was performed. Nearby cis‑targeted DEmRNAs or DElncRNAs were identified by searching for DEmRNAs that were transcribed within 100‑kb up‑ or downstream of DElncRNAs. Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus datasets GSE25101 and GSE73754, the expression of selected DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs were verified using published RNA sequencing data from blood samples, and receiver operating characteristic analysis of selected DEmRNAs was performed. Compared with the normal controls, 1,072 DEmRNAs and 372 DElncRNAs in the patients with AS were identified. Caspase recruitment domain family member 11 and DNA methyltransferase 1 have great diagnostic value for AS. MSTRG.8559 and LINC00987 were also identified as two hub DElncRNAs. The T‑cell receptor signaling pathway was a significantly enriched pathway of the DEmRNAs co‑expressed with DElncRNAs in patients with AS. In conclusion, the present study identified the key DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs in AS, which provides novel information for understanding the pathogenesis of AS and developing potential biomarkers for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkuan Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Qixin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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23
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Costantino F, Breban M, Garchon HJ. Genetics and Functional Genomics of Spondyloarthritis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2933. [PMID: 30619293 PMCID: PMC6305624 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with high heritability but with complex genetics. It encompasses several entities that share common clinical features. Most of the genetic studies in SpA have been restricted to ankylosing spondylitis (AS), the prototypical form of SpA. However, there is growing evidence of shared genetic background between all the SpA subtypes and also with some other immune-mediated diseases. The most important part of SpA heritability comes from the HLA-B27 allele in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) that explains around 25% of the attributable heredity. Several other loci outside of the MHC have been shown to be involved in the disease. However, all these non-MHC loci explain only a small additional fraction of disease predisposition. Thus, a substantial fraction of SpA genetic basis remains poorly understood. Gene expression profiling is a complementary approach to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and pathways that drive the disease. Several expression profiling studies have been undertaken in SpA. However, results have been quite disappointing with little overlap between the studies largely due to the small sample sizes, resulting in limited power to discover small effects. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on genetic findings concerning SpA and we describe strategic approaches for identification of additional variants, with a focus on rare variants in familial forms. We also provide an overview of gene expression studies in SpA and discuss the possibilities offered by high-throughput RNA sequencing technologies, in particular in sorted cells. Finally, issues in establishing molecular mechanisms underlying genetic association hits and potential translational applications will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félicie Costantino
- UMR 1173 INSERM/Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.,Rheumatology Division Ambroise Paré Hospital (AP-HP), Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Maxime Breban
- UMR 1173 INSERM/Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.,Rheumatology Division Ambroise Paré Hospital (AP-HP), Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Henri-Jean Garchon
- UMR 1173 INSERM/Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Montigny le Bretonneux, France.,Genetics Division Ambroise Paré Hospital (AP-HP), Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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24
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Xu ZY, Zhou C, Zhang KF, Zheng YP. Identification of key genes in Ankylosing spondylitis. Immunol Lett 2018; 204:60-66. [PMID: 30321561 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common form of seronegative spondyloarthritis. We had identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in AS based on our previous RNA-sequencing results. Our study aimed to identify key genes in AS by integrated microarray analysis. In this present study, we identified 1328 DEGs between AS and normal control by using integrated analysis of two datasets derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Functional annotation of DEGs were performed. Pathways in cancer, Pancreatic cancer and Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity were significantly enriched pathways for DEGs. Based on the shared DEGs of AS in both integrated analysis and our previous RNA-sequencing results, we constructed the protein and protein interaction (PPI) network. BIRC2, MAPILC3A and MAGED1 were hub proteins. Validation of gene expression by qRT-PCR were performed and the results were consistent with our integrated analysis generally. Our finding provided new clues for understanding the mechanism of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jining NO.1 People's Hospital, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Sandong University Qilu Hospital, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sandong University Qilu Hospital, China
| | - Ke-Feng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jining NO.1 People's Hospital, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sandong University Qilu Hospital, China.
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Bai J, Wang X, Jia Z, . Y, . Y, Zhang K, Heng L. Specific Gene Expression and Small-Molecule Drug Investigation in Ankylosing Spondylitis under Interferon-γ Stimulation. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.1020.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Vanaki N, Aslani S, Jamshidi A, Mahmoudi M. Role of innate immune system in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:130-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Ding M, Guan TJ, Wei CY, Chen BH. Identification of pathways significantly associated with spondyloarthropathy/ankylosing spondylitis using the sub‑pathway method. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3825-3833. [PMID: 30132545 PMCID: PMC6131564 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to extract potential sub-pathway biomarkers for spondyloarthropathy (SpA)/ankylosing spondylitis (AS) using a sub-pathway strategy. SpA/AS-relevant data, reference pathways and long non-coding (lnc)RNA-micro (mi)RNA-mRNA interactions were downloaded. The seed pathways based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and the mRNAs in the co-expressed lncRNA-mRNA interactions were extracted. Sub-pathways regulated by lncRNA were selected after establishing condition-specific lncRNA competitively regulated pathways (LCRP) network. Significant sub-pathways were further identified using the attract method. These significant sub-pathways were evaluated in the other independent published AS microarray data (E-GEOD-25101) using in silico validation. In addition, to uncover SpA/AS-relevant lncRNAs, the degree analysis for all nodes in the LCRP network was conducted. A total of 35 lncRNAs, 131 mRNAs and 145 co-expressed interactions were identified. When entering these 131 mRNAs into the reference pathways, 82 seed pathways were extracted, which were transformed into undirected graphs, and the 35 lncRNAs were mapped to the pathway graphs to further establish the condition-specific LCRP network. Based on degree analysis, four hub lncRNAs were selected, including C14orf169, LINC00242, LINC00116 and LINC00482. It was identified that 35 lncRNAs competitively regulating sub-pathways were involved in 56 complete pathways. Among these, the top three sub-pathways were path: 04010_1, which was a subregion of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway; path: 04062-1, an important subregion in the chemokine signaling pathway; and path: 04066_2, was a part of HIF-1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, it was validated consistently in the separate microarray data set E-GEOD-25101. Cancer-associated pathways and hub node C14orf169 were identified in validation. Sub-pathways, including the MAPK signaling pathway and chemokine signaling pathway, and hub lncRNA (C14orf169) may serve important roles in SpA/AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ding
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Jin Guan
- Department of Orthopedics (Second), The First Hospital of Zibo City, Zibo, Shandong 255200, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Yin Wei
- Department of Orthopedics (Second), The First Hospital of Zibo City, Zibo, Shandong 255200, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Hua Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, P.R. China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to highlight recent evidence with respect to expression and metabolomic profiling in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) that included ankylosing spondylitis (AS). RECENT FINDINGS AxSpA is not only characterized by the strongest genetic contribution for any complex rheumatic disease but is also influenced by environmental and immunological factors. Large-scale association-based studies have identified over 100 genetic variants contributing to 30% of the genetic risk of ankylosing spondylitis. Recent studies in global expression and metabolomic profiling appear to highlight common themes despite differences in tissues, populations, techniques, and relative paucity of patients in many of these studies. Expression studies support a role for immunomodulation and bone remodeling in the pathogenesis and progression of axSpA/AS, while metabolomic studies implicate the importance of the intestinal microbial metabolism as well as fat and choline metabolic pathways in AS.
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Systemic Inflammatory Response and Atherosclerosis: The Paradigm of Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071890. [PMID: 29954107 PMCID: PMC6073407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatic diseases (CIRD) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), ascribed not only to classical risk factors, but also to the presence of chronic systemic inflammatory response. Αtherosclerosis, the cornerstone of CVD, is known to be accelerated in CIRD; rheumatoid arthritis promotes atheromatosis and associates with preclinical atherosclerosis equivalent to Diabetes Mellitus, which also seems to apply for systemic lupus erythematosus. Data on ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis, albeit more limited, also support an increased CV risk in these patients. The association between inflammation and atherosclerosis, has been thoroughly investigated in the last three decades and the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis and progression of atherogenesis has been well established. Endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress in vascular endothelial cells and macrophage accumulation, toll-like receptor signaling, NLPR-3 formation and subsequent pro-inflammatory cytokine production, such as TNFa, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-like cytokine 1A, are few of the mechanisms implicated in the atherogenic process. Moreover, there is evidence that anti-inflammatory biologic drugs, such as anti-TNF and anti-IL1β agents, can decelerate the atherogenic process, thus setting new therapeutic targets for early and effective disease control and suppression of inflammation, in addition to aggressive management of classical CV risk factors.
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Gupta L, Bhattacharya S, Aggarwal A. Tenascin-C, a biomarker of disease activity in early ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Rheumatol 2018; 37:1401-1405. [PMID: 29313272 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3938-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) over-express toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. Tenascin-C (TNC) is an endogenous TLR4 ligand. Thus, we studied the serum and synovial fluid levels of TNC in AS. TNC was measured in serum of 36 AS patients (ASAS 2010 criteria) and 39 healthy controls by ELISA. Twenty-two patients were followed up after 3 months of standard treatment. Five paired serum-synovial fluid samples were also analyzed. Disease activity was assessed by BASDAI, ASDAS, swollen joint count, ESR, and CRP. All values are in median (IQR). Median age was 30 (20-35) years, and disease duration was 5.5 (1.3-10) years. Thirty-one were male. Twenty-five (69.5%) had peripheral arthritis. Median BASDAI was 5.3 (3.3-6.7). HLA B27 was positive in 34 (94.5%) cases. Median serum tenascin C levels were higher in AS [578.5 ng/ml] as compared to healthy controls [32.88 ng/ml, p < 0.0001]. Serum tenascin C levels correlated with ASDAS ESR [r = 0.367, p = 0.028] and ESR [r = 0.39, p = 0.035]. In patients with early disease (duration ≤ 5 years), serum levels had better correlation with ESR [r = 0.59, p = 0.009] and CRP [r = 0.479, p = 0.044]. On ROC analysis for active (PhGA ≥ 6) vs. inactive (PhGA ≤ 4) disease, tenascin-C (AUC = 0.60) performed as well as CRP (AUC = 0.65) and ESR (AUC = 0.73). Synovial fluid levels [11.61 (5.99-176.9) ng/ml] were lower than in serum [627.4 (488.5-779.1) ng/ml, p = 0.008]. Tenascin C fell levels with treatment [n = 11, 630.8 ng/ml to 376.4 ng/ml p = 0.0006] in treatment responders but not in non-responders [n = 11, 562.3 to 445.6, p = 0.33]. Serum TNC levels are raised in AS and may serve as marker of inflammation in early disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latika Gupta
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Shruti Bhattacharya
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Amita Aggarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India.
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Hanson AL, Cuddihy T, Haynes K, Loo D, Morton CJ, Oppermann U, Leo P, Thomas GP, Lê Cao KA, Kenna TJ, Brown MA. Genetic Variants in ERAP1 and ERAP2 Associated With Immune-Mediated Diseases Influence Protein Expression and the Isoform Profile. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 70:255-265. [PMID: 29108111 DOI: 10.1002/art.40369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP-1) and ERAP-2, encoded on chromosome 5q15, trim endogenous peptides for HLA-mediated presentation to the immune system. Polymorphisms in ERAP1 and/or ERAP2 are strongly associated with several immune-mediated diseases with specific HLA backgrounds, implicating altered peptide handling and presentation as prerequisites for autoreactivity against an arthritogenic peptide. Given the thorough characterization of disease risk-associated polymorphisms that alter ERAP activity, this study aimed instead to interrogate the expression effect of chromosome 5q15 polymorphisms to determine their effect on ERAP isoform and protein expression. METHODS RNA sequencing and genotyping across chromosome 5q15 were performed to detect genetic variants in ERAP1 and ERAP2 associated with altered total gene and isoform-specific expression. The functional implication of a putative messenger RNA splice-altering variant on ERAP-1 protein levels was validated using mass spectrometry. RESULTS Polymorphisms associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) significantly influenced the transcript and protein expression of ERAP-1 and ERAP-2. Disease risk-associated polymorphisms in and around both genes were also associated with increased gene expression. Furthermore, key risk-associated ERAP1 variants were associated with altered transcript splicing, leading to allele-dependent alternate expression of 2 distinct isoforms and significant differences in the type of ERAP-1 protein produced. CONCLUSION In accordance with studies demonstrating that polymorphisms that increase aminopeptidase activity predispose to immune disease, the increased risk also attributed to increased expression of ERAP1 and ERAP2 supports the notion of using aminopeptidase inhibition to treat AS and other ERAP-associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee L Hanson
- University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Cuddihy
- University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katelin Haynes
- University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dorothy Loo
- University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig J Morton
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Paul Leo
- Queensland University of Technology and Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gethin P Thomas
- University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kim-Anh Lê Cao
- University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tony J Kenna
- Queensland University of Technology and Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew A Brown
- Queensland University of Technology and Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Sargın B, Akbal A, Resorlu H, Savaş Y, Zateri C, Sılan F, Özdemir Ö. The frequency of toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphism in ankylosing spondylitis and its relationship between disease activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.18621/eurj.346968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gu X, Liu CJ, Wei JJ. Predicting pathway cross-talks in ankylosing spondylitis through investigating the interactions among pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 51:e6698. [PMID: 29160414 PMCID: PMC5685062 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Given that the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) remains unclear, the aim of this study was to detect the potentially functional pathway cross-talk in AS to further reveal the pathogenesis of this disease. Using microarray profile of AS and biological pathways as study objects, Monte Carlo cross-validation method was used to identify the significant pathway cross-talks. In the process of Monte Carlo cross-validation, all steps were iterated 50 times. For each run, detection of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two groups was conducted. The extraction of the potential disrupted pathways enriched by DEGs was then implemented. Subsequently, we established a discriminating score (DS) for each pathway pair according to the distribution of gene expression levels. After that, we utilized random forest (RF) classification model to screen out the top 10 paired pathways with the highest area under the curve (AUCs), which was computed using 10-fold cross-validation approach. After 50 bootstrap, the best pairs of pathways were identified. According to their AUC values, the pair of pathways, antigen presentation pathway and fMLP signaling in neutrophils, achieved the best AUC value of 1.000, which indicated that this pathway cross-talk could distinguish AS patients from normal subjects. Moreover, the paired pathways of SAPK/JNK signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction were involved in 5 bootstraps. Two paired pathways (antigen presentation pathway and fMLP signaling in neutrophil, as well as SAPK/JNK signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction) can accurately distinguish AS and control samples. These paired pathways may be helpful to identify patients with AS for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Ri Zhao, Ri Zhao, Shandong, China
| | - Cong-Jian Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Ri Zhao, Ri Zhao, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Jie Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Weihaiwei People's Hospital, Weihai, Shandong, China
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Wu C, Xu J, Wang H, Zhang J, Zhong J, Zou X, Chen Y, Yang G, Zhong Y, Lai D, Li X, Tang A. TMEM106a is a Novel Tumor Suppressor in Human Renal Cancer. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:853-864. [DOI: 10.1159/000484495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Aquaporin-1 expression as an indicator in evaluating the efficacy of meloxicam in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis: A comparative study. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1549-1555. [PMID: 28950654 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The key objective of the study was to investigate the correlation between the expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and the efficacy of meloxicam and expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS 40 AS patients whom had received meloxicam were recruited and subsequently placed into the experiment, while 40 healthy individuals were recruited as control group. Clinical indicators were detected before treatment (0 week), and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 week intervals after treatment, which included various assessments including Ankylosing Spondylitis 20% (ASAS20) response, Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI), visual analog scale (VAS) for back pain, duration of morning stiffness, Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index (BASFI), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Healthy volunteers were examined for ESR and CRP levels. The mRNA and protein expressions of AQP1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were detected 6 and 12 weeks after treatment using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting. Correlation of expressions of AQP1, efficacy of meloxicam and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined via Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS Following 12 weeks of meloxicam treatment, the ASAS20 response reached 93.7±3.61%. 6 weeks after treatment, BASDAI, VAS for back pain, duration of morning stiffness, BASFI, ESR, and CRP levels all exhibited considerably reduced levels compared to the initial levels observed prior to the commencement of treatment. Compared with before treatment, the expressions of TNF-α, IL-2 and AQP1 mRNA and protein all displayed decreases in the experiment group after both 6 and 12-week periods of treatment. Pre and post treatment levels of TNF-α, IL-2 and AQP1 mRNA and protein expressions were higher than those in the control group. The expressions of AQP1 mRNA and protein in the experiment group were positively correlated with clinical indicators and expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that AQP1 was both highly expressed and positively correlated with the efficacy of meloxicam and expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in AS patients, thereby highlighting the promise of meloxicam as a potential indicator in predicting the efficacy in the treatment of AS.
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Roozbehkia M, Mahmoudi M, Aletaha S, Rezaei N, Fattahi MJ, Jafarnezhad-Ansariha F, Barati A, Mirshafiey A. The potent suppressive effect of β-d-mannuronic acid (M2000) on molecular expression of the TLR/NF-kB Signaling Pathway in ankylosing spondylitis patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 52:191-196. [PMID: 28938189 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease characterized by the inflammation of sacroiliac joints and axial skeleton. A combination of genetic, environmental and immunological factors are involved in AS's pathogenesis. TLRs are type I transmembrane glycoproteins that play a crucial role in the innate immune responses against invading pathogens. Observational studies have demonstrated a possible association between TLR dysregulation and AS. The β-d-mannuronic acid (M2000), as a novel NSAID with immunosuppressive property, has shown an inhibitory effect on Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, 4 signaling in HEK293 cells. In the present study, we investigated the gene expression of Myd88, IKB-alpha, NF-kB and MAPK14 (genes of the TLR/NF-kB Signaling Pathway) in AS patients in comparison to healthy subjects and also the effect of β-d-mannuronic acid on disease activity and mRNA expression of these molecules in affected patients. We showed for the first time that the gene expression level of Myd88, IKB-alpha, NF-kB and MAPK14 was higher in AS patients in comparison to healthy subjects. Moreover we confirmed that the β-d-mannuronic acid not just reduced significantly the disease activity of AS individuals compared to placebo, but also it could significantly decrease the expression level of genes associated with TLR/NF-kB Signaling Pathway in treated patients with M2000. These results may provide a new therapeutic approach to attenuate inflammatory responses in AS patients, (Identified; IRCT 2013062213739N1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Roozbehkia
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Somaye Aletaha
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Sheffield, UK
| | - Mohammad Javad Fattahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Anis Barati
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Transcriptome analysis of ankylosing spondylitis patients before and after TNF-α inhibitor therapy reveals the pathways affected. Genes Immun 2017; 18:184-190. [PMID: 28835680 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2017.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors are highly effective in suppressing inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients, and operate by suppression of TFN-α and downstream immunological pathways. To determine the mechanisms of action of TNF-α inhibitors in AS patients, we used transcriptomic and bioinformatic approaches on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from AS patients pre and post treatment. We found 656 differentially expressed genes, including the genome-wide significant AS-associated genes, IL6R, NOTCH1, IL10, CXCR2 and TNFRSF1A. A distinctive gene expression profile was found between male and female patients, mainly because of sex chromosome-linked genes and interleukin 17 receptor C, potentially accounting for the differences in clinical manifestation and treatment response between the genders. In addition to immune and inflammation regulatory pathways, like intestinal immune network for IgA production, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Ras signaling pathway, allograft rejection and hematopoietic cell lineage, KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analyses revealed that infection-associated pathways (influenza A and toxoplasmosis) and metabolism-associated pathways were involved in response to TNF-α inhibitor treatment, providing insight into the mechanism of TNF-α inhibitors.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article discusses genomic investigations in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) beyond genome-wide association (GWA) studies, but prior to this, genetic variants achieving genome-wide significance will be summarized highlighting key pathways contributing to disease pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence suggests that disease pathogenesis is attributed to a complex interplay of genetic, environmental and immunological factors. GWA studies have greatly enhanced our understanding of AS pathogenesis by illuminating distinct immunomodulatory pathways affecting innate and acquired immunity, most notably the interleukin-23/interleukin-17 pathway. However, despite the wealth of new information gleaned from such studies, a fraction of the heritability (24.4%) has been explained. This review will focus on investigations beyond GWA studies including copy number variants, gene expression profiling, including microRNA (miRNA), epigenetics, rare variants and gene-gene interactions. SUMMARY To address the 'missing heritability' and advance beyond GWA studies, a concerted effort involving rethinking of study design and implementation of newer technologies will be required. The coming of age of next-generation sequencing and advancements in epigenetic and miRNA technologies, combined with familial-focused investigations using well-characterized cohorts, is likely to reveal some of the hidden genomic mysteries associated with AS.
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Kragstrup TW, Andersen MN, Schiøttz-Christensen B, Jurik AG, Hvid M, Deleuran B. Increased interleukin (IL)-20 and IL-24 target osteoblasts and synovial monocytes in spondyloarthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 189:342-351. [PMID: 28369789 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis (SpA) involves activation of the innate immune system, inflammation and new bone formation. The two cytokines interleukin (IL)-20 and IL-24 have been shown to link innate immune activation and tissue homeostasis. We hypothesized that these two cytokines are secreted as part of activation of the innate immune system and affect bone homeostasis in SpA. IL-20 and IL-24 were measured in plasma from axial SpA patients (n = 83). Peripheral SpA patients (n = 16) were included for in-vitro cell culture studies. The plasma IL-20 and IL-24 levels were increased in SpA patients compared with healthy controls (HCs) by 57 and 83%, respectively (both P < 0·0001). The Toll-like receptor 4-induced secretion of the two cytokines was greater in SpA peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) compared with HC PBMCs. IL-20 and IL-24 increased the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by activated SpA synovial fluid monocytes, decreased the production of Dickkopf-1 by SpA fibroblast-like synovial cells and induced mineralization in human osteoblasts. Taken together, our findings indicate disease-aggravating functions of IL-20 and IL-24 in SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Kragstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M N Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - B Schiøttz-Christensen
- Spine Centre of Southern Denmark, Hospital Lillebaelt, Middelfart, Denmark.,Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - A G Jurik
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Hvid
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - B Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Dolcino M, Tinazzi E, Pelosi A, Patuzzo G, Moretta F, Lunardi C, Puccetti A. Gene Expression Analysis before and after Treatment with Adalimumab in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis Identifies Molecular Pathways Associated with Response to Therapy. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8040127. [PMID: 28441778 PMCID: PMC5406874 DOI: 10.3390/genes8040127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is still unknown and the identification of the involved molecular pathogenetic pathways is a current challenge in the study of the disease. Adalimumab (ADA), an anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha agent, is used in the treatment of AS. We aimed at identifying pathogenetic pathways modified by ADA in patients with a good response to the treatment. Gene expression analysis of Peripheral Blood Cells (PBC) from six responders and four not responder patients was performed before and after treatment. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were submitted to functional enrichment analysis and network analysis, followed by modules selection. Most of the DEGs were involved in signaling pathways and in immune response. We identified three modules that were mostly impacted by ADA therapy and included genes involved in mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase, wingless related integration site (Wnt), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor, and Toll-like receptor (TCR) signaling. A separate analysis showed that a higher percentage of DEGs was modified by ADA in responders (44%) compared to non-responders (12%). Moreover, only in the responder group, TNF, Wnt, TLRs and type I interferon signaling were corrected by the treatment. We hypothesize that these pathways are strongly associated to AS pathogenesis and that they might be considered as possible targets of new drugs in the treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Dolcino
- Immunology Area, Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elisa Tinazzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Andrea Pelosi
- Immunology Area, Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Patuzzo
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | | | - Claudio Lunardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Antonio Puccetti
- Immunology Area, Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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The Development of Translational Biomarkers as a Tool for Improving the Understanding, Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2420-2430. [PMID: 28361271 PMCID: PMC5840239 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) is one of the most significant unmet clinical needs in modern medicine. Alongside the lack of effective treatments, there is a great deficit in the availability of objective diagnostic methods to reliably facilitate an accurate diagnosis. We therefore aimed to determine the feasibility of a simple diagnostic test by analysing differentially expressed genes in the blood of patients diagnosed with CNP of the lower back and compared to healthy human controls. Refinement of microarray expression data was performed using correlation analysis with 3900 human 2-colour microarray experiments. Selected genes were analysed in the dorsal horn of Sprague-Dawley rats after L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL), using qRT-PCR and ddPCR, to determine possible associations with pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning CNP and whether they represent translational biomarkers of CNP. We found that of the 15 potential biomarkers identified, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1) gene expression was upregulated in chronic neuropathic lower back pain (CNBP) (p = 0.0049) which positively correlated (R = 0.68, p = ≤0.05) with increased plasma TIMP1 levels in this group (p = 0.0433). Moreover, plasma TIMP1 was also significantly upregulated in CNBP than chronic inflammatory lower back pain (p = 0.0272). In the SNL model, upregulation of the Timp1 gene was also observed (p = 0.0058) alongside a strong trend for the upregulation of melanocortin 1 receptor (p = 0.0847). Our data therefore highlights several genes that warrant further investigation, and of these, TIMP1 shows the greatest potential as an accessible and translational CNP biomarker.
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Características clínicas e frequência de polimorfismos em TLR4 em pacientes brasileiros com espondilite anquilosante. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbr.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Machado NP, Nogueira E, Oseki K, Ebbing PCC, Origassa CST, Mohovic T, Câmara NOS, Pinheiro MDM. Clinical characteristics and frequency of TLR4 polymorphisms in Brazilian patients with ankylosing spondylitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 56:432-440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbre.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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O'Neill L, Molloy ES. The role of toll like receptors in giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016; 55:1921-1931. [PMID: 26893518 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
GCA is a common primary systemic vasculitis that results in granulomatous inflammation of medium to large arteries. Both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms combine to drive intimal hyperplasia, luminal stenosis and ultimately occlusion. While the pathogenesis of GCA is incompletely understood, the activation of resident adventitial dendritic cells via toll like receptors (TLRs) appears to be a crucial inciting event. Here we explore the role of TLRs in the pathogenesis of GCA, including their effects on dendritic cell and T cell activation and recruitment, putative infectious triggers for GCA and the potential of TLR inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy in GCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine O'Neill
- Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin Academic Medical Centre, Elm Park, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Eamonn S Molloy
- Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin Academic Medical Centre, Elm Park, Dublin, 4, Ireland
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Park R, Kim TH, Ji JD. Gene Expression Profile in Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis: Meta-analysis of Publicly Accessible Microarray Datasets. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2016.23.6.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Dae Ji
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Sode J, Vogel U, Bank S, Andersen PS, Hetland ML, Locht H, Heegaard NHH, Andersen V. Genetic Variations in Pattern Recognition Receptor Loci Are Associated with Anti-TNF Response in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139781. [PMID: 26440629 PMCID: PMC4595012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether genetic variation within genes related to the Toll-like receptor, inflammasome and interferon-γ pathways contributes to the differences in treatment response to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (anti-TNF) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS In a retrospective case-case study, we assessed 23 functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 15 genes. We included 538 anti-TNF naïve Danish RA patients from the nationwide DANBIO database. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to detect associations (p-value<0.05) between genotypes and European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) treatment responses. False Discovery Rate corrections for multiple testing (q-value) and stratified analyses were performed to investigate association with individual therapies and IgM-rheumatoid factor (RF) status. RESULTS Six of twenty successfully genotyped polymorphisms were nominally associated with EULAR treatment response. Three of these were in weak to moderate linkage disequilibrium with polymorphisms previously reported associated with anti-TNF treatment response. TLR5(rs5744174) variant allele carriers (odds ratio(OR) = 1.7(1.1-2.5),p = 0.010,q = 0.46) and TLR1(rs4833095) homozygous variant carriers (OR = 2.8(1.1-7.4),p = 0.037,q = 0.46) had higher odds for a positive treatment response. NLRP3(rs10754558) variant allele carriers (odds ratio(OR) = 0.6(0.4-1.0),p = 0.045,q = 0.46) were more likely to have a negative treatment response. The association in TLR5(rs5744174) remained significant after correction for multiple comparisons among patients negative for RF (OR = 6.2(2.4-16.3),p = 0.0002,q = 0.024). No other association withstood correction for multiple testing. Post hoc analyses showed that change in Patient Global score on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and change in pain VAS were the main factors responsible for the association. CONCLUSIONS We reproduced previously reported associations between genetic variation in the TLR10/1/6 gene cluster, TLR5, and NLRP3 loci and response to anti-TNF treatment in RA. Changes in VAS pain and patient global scores were the main contributors to the association found for TLR5. Furthermore, we identified other candidate genes that require replication in independent cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Sode
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research-Center Sønderjylland, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- OPEN (Odense Patient data Explorative Network), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Bank
- Department of Medicine, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
- Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Paal Skytt Andersen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Lund Hetland
- The DANBIO Registry, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Locht
- Department of Rheumatology, Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Niels H. H. Heegaard
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Institute of Regional Health Research-Center Sønderjylland, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
- Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research Unit, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark
- OPEN (Odense Patient data Explorative Network), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Wang L, Wu LF, Lu X, Mo XB, Tang ZX, Lei SF, Deng FY. Integrated Analyses of Gene Expression Profiles Digs out Common Markers for Rheumatic Diseases. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137522. [PMID: 26352601 PMCID: PMC4564267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatic diseases have some common symptoms. Extensive gene expression studies, accumulated thus far, have successfully identified signature molecules for each rheumatic disease, individually. However, whether there exist shared factors across rheumatic diseases has yet to be tested. METHODS We collected and utilized 6 public microarray datasets covering 4 types of representative rheumatic diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, and osteoarthritis. Then we detected overlaps of differentially expressed genes across datasets and performed a meta-analysis aiming at identifying common differentially expressed genes that discriminate between pathological cases and normal controls. To further gain insights into the functions of the identified common differentially expressed genes, we conducted gene ontology enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction analysis. RESULTS We identified a total of eight differentially expressed genes (TNFSF10, CX3CR1, LY96, TLR5, TXN, TIA1, PRKCH, PRF1), each associated with at least 3 of the 4 studied rheumatic diseases. Meta-analysis warranted the significance of the eight genes and highlighted the general significance of four genes (CX3CR1, LY96, TLR5, and PRF1). Protein-protein interaction and gene ontology enrichment analyses indicated that the eight genes interact with each other to exert functions related to immune response and immune regulation. CONCLUSION The findings support that there exist common factors underlying rheumatic diseases. For rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis and osteoarthritis diseases, those common factors include TNFSF10, CX3CR1, LY96, TLR5, TXN, TIA1, PRKCH, and PRF1. In-depth studies on these common factors may provide keys to understanding the pathogenesis and developing intervention strategies for rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xin Lu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Bo Mo
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zai-Xiang Tang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Feng Lei
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Fei-Yan Deng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Dai H, Xu D, Su J, Jang J, Chen Y. Transmembrane protein 106a activates mouse peritoneal macrophages via the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26215746 PMCID: PMC4516968 DOI: 10.1038/srep12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The M1 and M2 states of macrophage are the two extremes of a physiologic/phenotypic continuum that is dynamically influenced by environmental signals. Molecular mechanism analysis indicated that they gain M1 and M2-related functions after encountering specific ligands in the tissue environment. Here, we first characterized the previously unknown immunobiological functions of mouse Tmem106a. This protein is abundantly expressed on the surface of mouse macrophages. Activation of Tmem106a by stimulation with anti-Tmem106a upregulated the expression of CD80, CD86, CD69 and MHC II on macrophage, and induced the release of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CCL2 and NO, but not IL-10. These effects were largely abrogated by pretreatment with siRNA against Tmem106a. Notably, anti-Tmem106a significantly increased iNOS production and phosphorylation of STAT1, and had no effect on the ARGINASE-1 or p-STAT6 level, indicating that anti-Tmem106a activated macrophages and polarized them into M1-like macrophages. Further analysis found that anti-Tmem106a stimulation increased phosphorylation of ERK-1/2, JNK, p38 MAPK, NF-κB p65 and IKKα/β, and promoted nuclear translocation of the cytosolic NF-κB p65 subunit. Collectively, these data suggest that mouse Tmem106a might be a new trigger of macrophage activation and have some influence toward the M1 state through the activation of the MAPKs and NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dai
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Xu
- 1] Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Jang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- 1] Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Zhang L, Ma D, Li X, Deng C, Shi Q, You X, Leng X, Li M, Tang F, Zhang F, Li Y. Gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Exp Med 2015; 14:409-16. [PMID: 23958878 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-013-0253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on gene expression profiles in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) have exclusively focused on liver tissue or intrahepatic cells. Since the pathological process is systemic, other complementary studies in blood cells seemed to be reasonable. In this research, we try to explore differentially expressed genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of PBC patients. Nine PBC patients and 9 healthy controls were recruited as Cohort 1 for a microarray study of screening. Total RNA of PBMCs from each individual was isolated and screened by oligonucleotide microarray (22 K). Then, differentially expressed genes were categorized into signaling pathways. Expression levels of three important genes, tyrosine kinase binding protein (TYROBP), C–C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5) and cathepsin L (CTSL) were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in a second Cohort 2 (30 PBC patients and 20 healthy controls). Results show that sixty-five genes differentially expressed in PBC were identified, 20 of which were up-regulated and 45 of which were down-regulated. Twenty-seven signaling pathways were identified. TYROBP and CCL5 were proved to be down-regulated in PBC, and CTSL was proved to be up-regulated (p < 0.05) in PBC, which were all consistent with the screening study. In conclusions, the analysis of gene expression in PBMCs of PBC and the comparison of gene profiles between PBMCs and the liver may provide new clues to the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Gene Expression Profiling Analysis of Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 28:E244-50. [DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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