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Gallo A, Vella S, Tuzzolino F, Cuscino N, Cecchettini A, Ferro F, Mosca M, Alevizos I, Bombardieri S, Conaldi PG, Baldini C. MicroRNA-mediated Regulation of Mucin-type O-glycosylation Pathway: A Putative Mechanism of Salivary Gland Dysfunction in Sjögren Syndrome. J Rheumatol 2019; 46:1485-1494. [PMID: 30824638 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.180549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate microRNA (miRNA) that is potentially implicated in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS)-related salivary hypofunction in labial salivary glands and to study miRNA-mediated mechanisms underlying oral dryness and altered rheology, focusing on the mucin O-glycosylation pathway. METHODS We performed miRNA expression profiling in minor salivary gland samples of patients with pSS presenting a different impairment in their unstimulated salivary flow rate. A computational in silico analysis was performed to identify genes and pathways that might be modulated by the deregulated miRNA that we had identified. To confirm in silico analysis, expression levels of genes encoding for glycosyltransferases and glycan-processing enzymes were investigated using Human Glycosylation-RT2 Profiler PCR Array. RESULTS Among 754 miRNA analyzed, we identified 126 miRNA that were significantly deregulated in pSS compared to controls, with a trend that was inversely proportional with the impairment of salivary flow rates. An in silico approach pinpointed that several upregulated miRNA in patients with pSS target important genes in the mucin O-glycosylation. We confirmed this prediction by quantitative real-time PCR, highlighting the downregulation of some glycosyltransferase and glycosidase genes in pSS samples compared to controls, such as GALNT1, responsible for mucin-7 glycosylation. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data suggest that the expression of different predicted miRNA-target genes in the mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis pathway is altered in pSS patients with low salivary flow and that the miRNA expression profile could influence the glycosidase expression levels and consequently the rheology in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Gallo
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione); Research Office, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,A. Gallo, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; S. Vella, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; F. Tuzzolino, PhD, Statistician, Research Office, IRCCS-ISMETT; N. Cuscino, Bioinformatician, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; A. Cecchettini, PhD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; F. Ferro, MD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; M. Mosca, MD, PhD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; I. Alevizos, PhD, Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health; S. Bombardieri, MD, PhD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; P.G. Conaldi, MD, PhD, Professor of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; C. Baldini, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa
| | - Serena Vella
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione); Research Office, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,A. Gallo, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; S. Vella, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; F. Tuzzolino, PhD, Statistician, Research Office, IRCCS-ISMETT; N. Cuscino, Bioinformatician, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; A. Cecchettini, PhD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; F. Ferro, MD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; M. Mosca, MD, PhD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; I. Alevizos, PhD, Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health; S. Bombardieri, MD, PhD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; P.G. Conaldi, MD, PhD, Professor of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; C. Baldini, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa
| | - Fabio Tuzzolino
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione); Research Office, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,A. Gallo, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; S. Vella, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; F. Tuzzolino, PhD, Statistician, Research Office, IRCCS-ISMETT; N. Cuscino, Bioinformatician, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; A. Cecchettini, PhD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; F. Ferro, MD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; M. Mosca, MD, PhD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; I. Alevizos, PhD, Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health; S. Bombardieri, MD, PhD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; P.G. Conaldi, MD, PhD, Professor of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; C. Baldini, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa
| | - Nicola Cuscino
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione); Research Office, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,A. Gallo, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; S. Vella, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; F. Tuzzolino, PhD, Statistician, Research Office, IRCCS-ISMETT; N. Cuscino, Bioinformatician, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; A. Cecchettini, PhD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; F. Ferro, MD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; M. Mosca, MD, PhD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; I. Alevizos, PhD, Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health; S. Bombardieri, MD, PhD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; P.G. Conaldi, MD, PhD, Professor of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; C. Baldini, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa
| | - Antonella Cecchettini
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione); Research Office, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,A. Gallo, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; S. Vella, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; F. Tuzzolino, PhD, Statistician, Research Office, IRCCS-ISMETT; N. Cuscino, Bioinformatician, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; A. Cecchettini, PhD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; F. Ferro, MD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; M. Mosca, MD, PhD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; I. Alevizos, PhD, Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health; S. Bombardieri, MD, PhD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; P.G. Conaldi, MD, PhD, Professor of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; C. Baldini, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa
| | - Francesco Ferro
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione); Research Office, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,A. Gallo, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; S. Vella, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; F. Tuzzolino, PhD, Statistician, Research Office, IRCCS-ISMETT; N. Cuscino, Bioinformatician, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; A. Cecchettini, PhD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; F. Ferro, MD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; M. Mosca, MD, PhD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; I. Alevizos, PhD, Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health; S. Bombardieri, MD, PhD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; P.G. Conaldi, MD, PhD, Professor of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; C. Baldini, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa
| | - Marta Mosca
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione); Research Office, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,A. Gallo, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; S. Vella, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; F. Tuzzolino, PhD, Statistician, Research Office, IRCCS-ISMETT; N. Cuscino, Bioinformatician, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; A. Cecchettini, PhD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; F. Ferro, MD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; M. Mosca, MD, PhD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; I. Alevizos, PhD, Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health; S. Bombardieri, MD, PhD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; P.G. Conaldi, MD, PhD, Professor of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; C. Baldini, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa
| | - Ilias Alevizos
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione); Research Office, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,A. Gallo, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; S. Vella, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; F. Tuzzolino, PhD, Statistician, Research Office, IRCCS-ISMETT; N. Cuscino, Bioinformatician, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; A. Cecchettini, PhD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; F. Ferro, MD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; M. Mosca, MD, PhD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; I. Alevizos, PhD, Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health; S. Bombardieri, MD, PhD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; P.G. Conaldi, MD, PhD, Professor of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; C. Baldini, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa
| | - Stefano Bombardieri
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione); Research Office, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,A. Gallo, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; S. Vella, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; F. Tuzzolino, PhD, Statistician, Research Office, IRCCS-ISMETT; N. Cuscino, Bioinformatician, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; A. Cecchettini, PhD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; F. Ferro, MD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; M. Mosca, MD, PhD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; I. Alevizos, PhD, Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health; S. Bombardieri, MD, PhD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; P.G. Conaldi, MD, PhD, Professor of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; C. Baldini, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione); Research Office, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,A. Gallo, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; S. Vella, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; F. Tuzzolino, PhD, Statistician, Research Office, IRCCS-ISMETT; N. Cuscino, Bioinformatician, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; A. Cecchettini, PhD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; F. Ferro, MD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; M. Mosca, MD, PhD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; I. Alevizos, PhD, Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health; S. Bombardieri, MD, PhD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; P.G. Conaldi, MD, PhD, Professor of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; C. Baldini, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa
| | - Chiara Baldini
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione); Research Office, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. .,A. Gallo, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; S. Vella, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; F. Tuzzolino, PhD, Statistician, Research Office, IRCCS-ISMETT; N. Cuscino, Bioinformatician, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; A. Cecchettini, PhD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; F. Ferro, MD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; M. Mosca, MD, PhD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; I. Alevizos, PhD, Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health; S. Bombardieri, MD, PhD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa; P.G. Conaldi, MD, PhD, Professor of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT; C. Baldini, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa.
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