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Tang Y, Nie H, Zhang Y, Wei Y, Huang Y, Zhuang Y, Yang W, Zhu Y. Effects of Sjogren's syndrome and high sugar diet on oral microbiome in patients with rampant caries: a clinical study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:361. [PMID: 38515087 PMCID: PMC10956276 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the composition of the oral microbial flora of adults with rampant caries in China to provide guidance for treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty human salivary and supragingival plaque samples were collected. They were characterized into four groups: patients with rampant caries with Sjogren's syndrome (RC-SS) or high-sugar diet (RC-HD), common dental caries (DC), and healthy individuals (HP). The 16S rRNA V3-V4 region of the bacterial DNA was detected by Illumina sequencing. PCoA based on OTU with Bray-Curtis algorithm, the abundance of each level, LEfSe analysis, network analysis, and PICRUSt analysis were carried out between the four groups and two sample types. Clinical and demographic data were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) or the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test, depending on the normality of the data, using GraphPad Prism 8 (P < 0.05). RESULTS OTU principal component analysis revealed a significant difference between healthy individuals and those with RC-SS. In the saliva of patients with rampant caries, the relative abundance of Firmicutes increased significantly at the phylum level. Further, Streptocpccus, Veillonella, Prevotella, and Dialister increased, while Neisseria and Haemophilus decreased at the genus level. Veillonella increased in the plaque samples of patients with rampant caries. CONCLUSION Both salivary and dental plaque composition were significantly different between healthy individuals and patients with rampant caries. This study provides a microbiological basis for exploring the etiology of rampant caries. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provides basic information on the flora of the oral cavity in adults with rampant caries in China. These findings could serve as a reference for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Tang
- Department of Endodontic, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Nie
- Department of Endodontic, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Endodontic, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Department of Endodontic, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yequan Huang
- Department of Endodontic, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Endodontic, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Endodontic, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yanan Zhu
- Department of Endodontic, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Otsugu M, Mikasa Y, Kadono M, Matsuoka T, Matsunami K, Nakamura M, Ohno Y, Kato T, Nakano K. The number of erupted teeth as a risk factor for dental caries in eighteen-month-old children: a cross‑sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:671. [PMID: 37716972 PMCID: PMC10505305 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide, affecting lifelong as well as children. Therefore, it is important to clarify factors related to early childhood caries (ECC) in a younger population in terms of caries prevention. However, the prevalence of ECC is low in developed countries in the twenty-first century and a large-scale survey is needed to clarify the risk factors. Furthermore, earlier tooth eruption is not taken into consideration in most studies of ECC, even though it may be a factor of ECC. The present study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of dental caries in children aged 18 months in a core city of Japan. METHODS Findings from a total of 7351 children aged 18 months were analyzed. Anthropometric measurements of height and weight, as well as an oral examination and a microbiological caries-risk test, were performed. Additionally, a structured interview sheet was provided to the parents or guardians. Findings of dental caries at 18 months of age were evaluated using a logistic regression model. RESULTS Of the enrolled children, 1.2% had experienced dental caries. Multivariable logistic regression analysis results indicated a significant association with dental caries at 18 months of age for the following factors: second child (OR = 1.78; 95% CI:1.08-2.93, P < 0.05), third and later child (OR = 2.08; 95% CI:1.12-3.89, P < 0.05), 12 or fewer erupted teeth (OR = 0.47; 95% CI:0.24-0.96, P < 0.05), 17 or more erupted teeth (OR = 4.37; 95% CI:1.63-11.7, P < 0.01), Cariostat score (+ + +) (OR = 3.99; 95% CI:1.29-12.31, P < 0.05), daily eating before bed (OR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.55-4.45, P < 0.001), three or more snacks per day (OR = 2.03; 95% CI:1.15-3.58, P < 0.05), and breastfeeding (OR = 3.30; 95% CI:2.00-5.44, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the number of erupted teeth, as well as birth order, eating habits, and breastfeeding, are significant factors in dental caries occurrence at 18 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Otsugu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mikasa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Maika Kadono
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yuko Ohno
- Department of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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Checchi V, Pascolo G. Microbiological Response to Periodontal Therapy: A Retrospective Study. Open Dent J 2018; 12:837-845. [PMID: 30505364 PMCID: PMC6210502 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601812010837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a multifactorial infection caused by a complex of pathogenic bacterial species that induce the destruction of periodontal structures. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence and bacterial load of six periodontal pathogens bacteria, measured at initial visit and after osseous surgery in patients affected by chronic periodontitis and treated between 2005 and 2007. METHODS This cohort study was carried out on a sample of 38 consecutive patients affected by severe chronic periodontitis, diagnosed at baseline on the basis of probing depths equal to 6.68 ± 1.47 mm. On each subject, a microbiological test was performed before periodontal initial therapy and after osseous surgery (one year later). Five compromised teeth were chosen for each patient (the same teeth, before and after surgery), for a total of 190 teeth. Real-time PCR based analysis computed total bacterial load of the samples and quantified six periodontal pathogens: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia. Data collection was made consulting medical charts. RESULTS Pocket probing depth reduction after surgery was 4.50 ± 1.54 mm (p=0.0001). The mean number of sites with bleeding at baseline was 2.08 ± 1.17 and 0.58 ± 1.00 after surgery (p=0.001). The mean number of sites with suppuration at baseline was 0.26 ± 0.86 and 0 after surgery (p=0.02). Cell count of each pathogen and total cell count were significantly higher at baseline than after surgery. Almost all bacteria presented a mean percentage reduction equal to that of the total count, except for Aa and Pi, which seemed to show a greater resistance. The difference of bacterial load, both before and after surgery, between smokers and non-smokers was not statistically significant (p<0.05). A statistically significant correlation was detected between pocket probing depth variation and bleeding on probing variation before and after the surgery, controlling for age (r=0.6, p=0.001). No significant correlations were observed between pocket probing depth and bacterial loads, except for Pg (r=0.5, p=0.001), Tf (r=0.6, p=0.001) and Td (r=0.4, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Reduction of presence and bacterial load of the examined periodontal pathogens bacteria after osseous surgery, along with periodontal pocket reduction, appeared to be essential to achieve and maintain periodontal stability over years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Checchi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Bologna, DIBINEM, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gaia Pascolo
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, University of Bologna, DIBINEM, Bologna, Italy
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Chaw PS, Schlinkmann KM, Raupach-Rosin H, Karch A, Pletz MW, Huebner J, Mikolajczyk R. Knowledge, attitude and practice of Gambian health practitioners towards antibiotic prescribing and microbiological testing: a cross-sectional survey. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2018. [PMID: 28633334 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trx027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inappropriate antibiotic use is the leading cause of antibiotic resistance worldwide. At the same time, the practice of antibiotic prescribing in Africa is less well documented when compared to developed countries. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of health practitioners towards antibiotic prescribing and microbiological testing in The Gambia. Methods A KAP survey was conducted in The Gambia from March to May 2016. Self-administered paper-based questionnaires were distributed to health practitioners working in 12 health facilities. Results Out of 241 questionnaires distributed, 216 (89.6%) were returned. One third of respondents reported making a request for microbiological tests or using results as a guide in less than 25% of patients with possible infectious disease. Thirty-two percent of the participants reported that '25-50%' of antibiotic prescriptions in their departments were inappropriate. Only 16.1% of the participants had some training on antibiotic prescribing in the last 12 months. Respondents agreed with the options 'inadequate supervision' (82.6%) and 'insufficient laboratory support' (82.5%) as the main causes of inappropriate antibiotic use in their settings. Conclusions There are deficits related to antibiotic prescriptions in The Gambia. Availability and use of microbiological services and training should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pa Saidou Chaw
- ESME - Epidemiological and Statistical Methods Research Group, Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,PhD Programme, "Epidemiology" Braunschweig-Hannover, Germany
| | - Kristin Maria Schlinkmann
- ESME - Epidemiological and Statistical Methods Research Group, Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,PhD Programme, "Epidemiology" Braunschweig-Hannover, Germany
| | - Heike Raupach-Rosin
- ESME - Epidemiological and Statistical Methods Research Group, Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - André Karch
- ESME - Epidemiological and Statistical Methods Research Group, Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,PhD Programme, "Epidemiology" Braunschweig-Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig site, 30625 Hannover Germany
| | - Mathias W Pletz
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes Huebner
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- ESME - Epidemiological and Statistical Methods Research Group, Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig site, 30625 Hannover Germany.,Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometry, and Informatics (IMEBI), Medical Faculty of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06110 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Anderson M, Hinds P, Hurditt S, Miller P, McGrowder D, Alexander-Lindo R. The microbial content of unexpired pasteurized milk from selected supermarkets in a developing country. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 1:205-11. [PMID: 23569760 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the presence and levels of microbes in unexpired pasteurized milk from randomly selected supermarkets in Kingston, Jamaica. METHODS The quantitative study used a stratified random sampling technique in the selection of the 20 representative milk samples from six (6) supermarkets. Microbiological tests such as methylene blue reduction, standard plate count (SPC), coliform plate count (CPC), purity plate culture, gram staining and biochemical tests were performed to examine the microbes in purchased unexpired pasteurized milk. RESULTS One sample (BCr016) had a pH of 4.0, a rancid odour and curdled appearance. It decolourized within one hour during the methylene blue reduction test and was classified as class 4 milk. Seven of the samples were sterile with no microbe growth on the plate count agar and violet red bile salt agar (VRBA). The milk samples that appeared to be safe for consumption were all 10, 11, 12 and 13 days before expiration. The VRBA sample BCr016, had a colony count of 13 400 CFU/ mL. There was the presence of Escherichia coli in sample LCr021 which had a standard plate count of 1 580 SPC/mL and a coliform count of 500 CFU/mL. Enterobacter sp. was present in colonies from BCr016 and all the other milk samples. CONCLUSIONS Unacceptable levels of Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli were found in most of the samples. Effective measures to ensure safe milk for human consumption such as the phosphatase test and methylene blue reduction test should be routinely performed on each batch of milk processed by dairy plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Anderson
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica
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