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Shabani M, Shobeiri P, Nouri S, Moradi Z, Amenu RA, Mehrabi Nejad MM, Rezaei N. Risk of flare or relapse in patients with immune-mediated diseases following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:55. [PMID: 38229141 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01639-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases (AI-IMD) are at greater risk of COVID-19 infection; therefore, they should be prioritized in vaccination programs. However, there are concerns regarding the safety of COVID-19 vaccines in terms of disease relapse, flare, or exacerbation. In this study, we aimed to provide a more precise and reliable vision using systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed-MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for original articles reporting the relapse/flare in adult patients with AI-IMD between June 1, 2020 and September 25, 2022. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted to investigate the sources of heterogeneity. Statistical analysis was performed using R software. RESULTS A total of 134 observations of various AI-IMDs across 74 studies assessed the rate of relapse, flare, or exacerbation in AI-IMD patients. Accordingly, the crude overall prevalence of relapse, flare, or exacerbation was 6.28% (95% CI [4.78%; 7.95%], I2 = 97.6%), changing from 6.28% (I2 = 97.6%) to 6.24% (I2 = 65.1%) after removing the outliers. AI-IMD patients administering mRNA, vector-based, and inactive vaccines showed 8.13% ([5.6%; 11.03%], I2 = 98.1%), 0.32% ([0.0%; 4.03%], I2 = 93.5%), and 3.07% ([1.09%; 5.9%], I2 = 96.2%) relapse, flare, or exacerbation, respectively (p-value = 0.0086). In terms of disease category, nephrologic (26.66%) and hematologic (14.12%) disorders had the highest and dermatologic (4.81%) and neurologic (2.62%) disorders exhibited to have the lowest crude prevalence of relapse, flare, or exacerbation (p-value < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The risk of flare/relapse/exacerbation in AI-IMD patients is found to be minimal, especially with vector-based vaccines. Vaccination against COVID-19 is recommended in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Shabani
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Shobeiri
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, 14194, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Nouri
- Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Zahra Moradi
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Robel Assefa Amenu
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mohammad-Mehdi Mehrabi Nejad
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR), Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, 14194, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran.
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, 14194, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran.
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Pappa M, Panagiotopoulos A, Thomas K, Fanouriakis A. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and COVID-19. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2023; 25:192-203. [PMID: 37477841 PMCID: PMC10504107 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-023-01110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe the current state of knowledge regarding COVID-19 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We focus on (i) SARS-CoV-2 vaccination uptake, immunogenicity and safety, and (ii) outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with SLE and pertinent risk factors for adverse sequelae. RECENT FINDINGS Notwithstanding the potential concern of patients about possible post-vaccination side-effects, the safety of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with SLE has been undisputedly confirmed in numerous studies. Humoral immunogenicity is generally attained in SLE, although affected by the use of background immunosuppressive drugs, especially rituximab. The latter has also clearly been implicated with adverse COVID-19 outcomes in SLE, including need for hospitalization, mechanical ventilation and death. Although the wide adoption of vaccination has significantly improved COVID-19 outcomes, patients with SLE continue to pose challenges during the pandemic, mainly owing to administered immunosuppressive medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pappa
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Panagiotopoulos
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Thomas
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Fanouriakis
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, "Attikon" University Hospital of Athens, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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3
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Striani G, Hoxha A, Lorenzin M, Cozzi G, Scagnellato L, Vangelista T, Frizzera F, De Sandre P, Simioni P, Doria A, Ramonda R. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination on inflammatory arthritis: a cohort study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1207015. [PMID: 37564642 PMCID: PMC10410443 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1207015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as short- (within 48 hours) and long-term (within 30 days) adverse events (AEs) of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, including arthritis flares in a large cohort of patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA). Methods A retrospective cohort study comprising 362 patients: 94 (26%) rheumatoid arthritis, 158 (43.6%) psoriatic arthritis and 110 (30.4%) ankylosing spondylitis; and 165 healthy controls (HC) to ascertain the prevalence and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with IA, the rate of AEs associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and disease flares within a month of the vaccination. All patients provided informed consent and data about SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination status. Results One-hundred-seventeen (32.3%) patients and 39 (23.6%) HC were affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Forty (34.2%) patients experienced an IA flare within one month of infection, of whom 3 (7.5%) needed to switch therapy. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, disease severity, and hospitalization rate were not significantly different. At least one shot of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was administered in 331 (91.4%) patients and 147 (89.1%) HC. Within 48 hours, 102 (30.8%) patients developed vaccine-related AEs; 52 (15.7%) patients with >1 vaccine dose experienced an IA flare-up, of whom 12 (23.1%) needed to switch therapy. Conclusions A significantly higher rate of IA flare was observed among patients who contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection vs. those without infection. Patients with IA experienced flares after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, though it was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Striani
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ariela Hoxha
- General Internal Medicine and Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Lorenzin
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cozzi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Scagnellato
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Frizzera
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Pierino De Sandre
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Paolo Simioni
- General Internal Medicine and Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Ramonda
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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4
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Raptis CE, Berger CT, Ciurea A, Andrey DO, Polysopoulos C, Lescuyer P, Maletic T, Riek M, Scherer A, von Loga I, Safford J, Lauper K, Möller B, Vuilleumier N, Finckh A, Rubbert-Roth A. Type of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and immunomodulatory treatment influence humoral immunogenicity in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1016927. [PMID: 36311791 PMCID: PMC9606233 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1016927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) are at increased risk for worse COVID-19 outcomes. Identifying whether mRNA vaccines differ in immunogenicity and examining the effects of immunomodulatory treatments may support COVID-19 vaccination strategies. We aimed to conduct a long-term, model-based comparison of the humoral immunogenicity following BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccination in a cohort of IRD patients. Patients from the Swiss IRD cohort (SCQM), who assented to mRNA COVID-19 vaccination were recruited between 3/2021-9/2021. Blood samples at baseline, 4, 12, and 24 weeks post second vaccine dose were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG (anti-S1). We examined differences in antibody levels depending on the vaccine and treatment at baseline while adjusting for age, disease, and past SARS-CoV-2 infection. 565 IRD patients provided eligible samples. Among monotherapies, rituximab, abatacept, JAKi, and TNFi had the highest odds of reduced anti-S1 responses compared to no medication. Patients on specific combination therapies showed significantly lower antibody responses than those on monotherapy. Irrespective of the disease, treatment, and past SARS-CoV-2 infection, the odds of higher antibody levels at 4, 12, and 24 weeks post second vaccine dose were, respectively, 3.4, 3.8, and 3.8 times higher with mRNA-1273 versus BNT162b2 (p < 0.0001). With every year of age, the odds ratio of higher peak humoral immunogenicity following mRNA-1273 versus BNT162b2 increased by 5% (p < 0.001), indicating a particular benefit for elderly patients. Our results suggest that in IRD patients, two-dose vaccination with mRNA-1273 versus BNT162b2 results in higher anti-S1 levels, even more so in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Raptis
- SCQM Foundation (Swiss Clinical Quality Management in Rheumatic Diseases), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph T. Berger
- University Center for Immunology and Immunization Clinic, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Translational Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Ciurea
- Department of Rheumatology, Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diego O. Andrey
- Laboratory Medicine Division, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christos Polysopoulos
- SCQM Foundation (Swiss Clinical Quality Management in Rheumatic Diseases), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Lescuyer
- Laboratory Medicine Division, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Maletic
- SCQM Foundation (Swiss Clinical Quality Management in Rheumatic Diseases), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Riek
- SCQM Foundation (Swiss Clinical Quality Management in Rheumatic Diseases), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Almut Scherer
- SCQM Foundation (Swiss Clinical Quality Management in Rheumatic Diseases), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabell von Loga
- SCQM Foundation (Swiss Clinical Quality Management in Rheumatic Diseases), Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Kim Lauper
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Rheumatology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Möller
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Vuilleumier
- Laboratory Medicine Division, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Axel Finckh
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Rheumatology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Rubbert-Roth
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Andrea Rubbert-Roth,
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Conticini E, d'Alessandro M, Grazzini S, Fornaro M, Sabella D, Lopalco G, Giardina F, Colafrancesco S, Rizzo C, Guggino G, Priori R, Conti F, Iannone F, Bargagli E, Cantarini L, Frediani B. Relapses of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies after vaccination against COVID-19: a real-life multicenter Italian study. Intern Emerg Med 2022; 17:1921-1928. [PMID: 35754076 PMCID: PMC9244457 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-022-03028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination plays a crucial role as pivotal strategy to curb the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The present study described the clinical status of patients affected by idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) after COVID-19 vaccination to assess the number of relapses. We included all patients affected by IIM and followed by Myositis Clinic, Rheumatology and Respiratory Diseases Units, Siena University Hospital, Bari University Hospital, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, Rome, and Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo. They underwent a telephone survey. A total of 119 IIM patients (median, IQR 58 (47-66) years; 32males; 50 dermatomyositis, 39 polymyositis and 30 anti-synthetase syndrome) were consecutively enrolled. Except four patients who refused the vaccination, 94 (81.7%) received Comirnaty, 16 (13.9%) Spikevax, 5 (4.4%) Vaxzevria. Seven (6.1%) patients had flare after vaccination. One of them had life-threatening systemic involvement and died two months after second dose of COVID-19 vaccination. From logistic regression analysis, Chi2-log ratio = 0.045,the variable that most influences the development of flare was the number of organs involved (p = 0.047). Sixty-eight patients received the third dose of COVID-19 vaccination: 51(75%) Comirnaty and 17 (25%) Moderna. No patients had flares after third dose. Our study represents the largest cohort of IIM patients in which the incidence of recurrence after anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was assessed. In line with real-life data from other diseases, we found a clinical non-statistically significant risk of relapse in our patients, which occurred seldom, usually mild and in patients with a more severe and aggressive course of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Conticini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Miriana d'Alessandro
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 1, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Silvia Grazzini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Fornaro
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniele Sabella
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lopalco
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Federico Giardina
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthetic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Colafrancesco
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthetic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Rizzo
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90110, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Guggino
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90110, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Priori
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthetic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Conti
- Rheumatology Section, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthetic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Florenzo Iannone
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Bargagli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Cantarini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Bruno Frediani
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
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Xie Y, Liu Y, Liu Y. The Flare of Rheumatic Disease After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: A Review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:919979. [PMID: 35860285 PMCID: PMC9289284 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.919979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues worldwide, vaccination has been considered an effective measure to protect people from the COVID-19 and end the pandemic. However, for patients with rheumatic diseases (RD), concern for the induction of RD flare may combat the enthusiasm for vaccination. In general, current evidence doesn’t support the increased risk of disease flare after COVID-19 vaccination. However, the disease flare of RDs may be triggered by COVID-19 vaccinations, especially for patients with high disease activity. Most of these flares after vaccination are mild and need no treatment escalation. Considering the benefits and risks, RD patients are recommended to receive the COVID-19 vaccination but should be vaccinated when the RDs are in stable states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tsinghua Clinical Research Institute (TCRI), School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Liu,
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7
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Roman I, Andreica I, Baraliakos X, Redeker I, Kiltz U, Braun J. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination willingness and predictors in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (CIRD) and without CIRD. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2022; 14:1759720X221093760. [PMID: 35707223 PMCID: PMC9189521 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x221093760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent surveys in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (CIRD) showed a high degree of vaccine hesitancy. Current knowledge about patients’ attitudes toward vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is limited. Objectives: To assess the willingness of CIRD patients to be vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 and to identify the influencing factors compared with non-CIRD patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, two cohorts of consecutive patients with and without CIRD were recruited in parallel when presenting to our tertiary hospital and asked to answer questions of a structured interview to assess vaccination willingness to SARS-CoV-2 their experience with SARS-CoV-2 and their personal history of infections and vaccinations. Vaccination willingness was assessed using a numerical rating scale (0: fully disagree; 10: fully agree). Arbitrarily defined cut-offs were used to define definite (score ⩾7) and probable willingness (score of 5 or 6) to be vaccinated. Factors associated with willingness were assessed using Kendall’s tau-b correlation measure and linear regression analysis. Results: A total of 514 CIRD and 100 non-CIRD patients, mean age of 54.7 ± 12.8 and 55.6 ± 9.8 years, respectively, were included. Definite and probable willingness to be vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 was declared by 79.6% and 90.7% versus 76.0% and 85.0% of CIRD and non-CIRD patients, respectively. Only 60% of CIRD patients believed that the vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 were safe, and 42% indicated to be afraid of side effects. Vaccination willingness was significantly correlated with being in a risk group for COVID-19 (tau-b = −0.149), hypertension (tau-b = 0.14), and information about disease prevention (tau-b = 0.19), while a history of infections or immunosuppressive therapy was not. Vaccination willingness was significantly associated with higher education (b = 0.65) and age (b = 0.06). Conclusion: This survey highlights several predictors of relevance for the vaccination willingness of patients with CIRD and controls including appropriate information about its relevance. The good news, however, is that the vast majority of CIRD patients indicated their willingness to be vaccinated. However, there was some uncertainty regarding the safety and efficacy of the vaccines. Since the major influencing factors were education and information about SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine and COVID-19 Disease, patient education should be improved soon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xenofon Baraliakos
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Herne, Germany
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Imke Redeker
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Herne, Germany
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Uta Kiltz
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Herne, Germany
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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