1
|
Neshat SY, Quiroz VM, Wang Y, Tamayo S, Doloff JC. Liver Disease: Induction, Progression, Immunological Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136777. [PMID: 34202537 PMCID: PMC8267746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is an organ with impressive regenerative potential and has been shown to heal sizable portions after their removal. However, certain diseases can overstimulate its potential to self-heal and cause excessive cellular matrix and collagen buildup. Decompensation of liver fibrosis leads to cirrhosis, a buildup of fibrotic ECM that impedes the liver’s ability to efficiently exchange fluid. This review summarizes the complex immunological activities in different liver diseases, and how failure to maintain liver homeostasis leads to progressive fibrotic tissue development. We also discuss a variety of pathologies that lead to liver cirrhosis, such as alcoholic liver disease and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV). Mesenchymal stem cells are widely studied for their potential in tissue replacement and engineering. Herein, we discuss the potential of MSCs to regulate immune response and alter the disease state. Substantial efforts have been performed in preclinical animal testing, showing promising results following inhibition of host immunity. Finally, we outline the current state of clinical trials with mesenchymal stem cells and other cellular and non-cellular therapies as they relate to the detection and treatment of liver cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Y. Neshat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.Y.N.); (V.M.Q.); (Y.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Victor M. Quiroz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.Y.N.); (V.M.Q.); (Y.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Yuanjia Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.Y.N.); (V.M.Q.); (Y.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Sebastian Tamayo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.Y.N.); (V.M.Q.); (Y.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Joshua C. Doloff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (S.Y.N.); (V.M.Q.); (Y.W.); (S.T.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Oncology-Cancer Immunology Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang R, Ma C, Wei Y, Wang X, Jia J, Li J, Li K, Cao G, Yang P. Isolation, purification, structural characteristics, pharmacological activities, and combined action of Hedyotis diffusa polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:119-131. [PMID: 33905802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hedyotis diffusa polysaccharides, as the main component and an important bioactive substance of Hedyotis diffusa, are effective immunomodulators with various pharmacological activities, including antitumour, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-fatigue and immunity-enhancing activities. The total polysaccharides extracted from Hedyotis diffusa and Scutellaria barbata have great effects in treating liver cancer, gastric cancer, rectal cancer, glioma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Moreover, different materials and extraction methods result in differences in the structure and bioactivity of Hedyotis diffusa polysaccharides. Therefore, this paper summarizes the isolation, purification, structural characteristics, pharmacological activities, and combined action of Hedyotis diffusa polysaccharides to provide a reference for further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Chuanjiang Ma
- Grade Three Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yongli Wei
- Grade Three Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Grade Three Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Grade Three Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ji Li
- Grade Three Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Kunlun Li
- Jinan Hangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Guangshang Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Peimin Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
A polysaccharide from Hedyotis diffusa interrupts metastatic potential of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells by inhibiting EMT via EGFR/Akt/ERK signaling pathways. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:706-714. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
4
|
Daniele A, Abbate I, Oakley C, Casamassima P, Savino E, Casamassima A, Sciortino G, Fazio V, Gadaleta-Caldarola G, Catino A, Giotta F, De Luca R, Divella R. Clinical and prognostic role of matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9 and their inhibitors in breast cancer and liver diseases: A review. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 77:91-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
5
|
Zhou Q, Bennett LL, Zhou S. Multifaceted ability of naturally occurring polyphenols against metastatic cancer. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 43:394-409. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Pharmacy; University of South Florida; Tampa Florida
| | | | - Shufeng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Pharmacy; University of South Florida; Tampa Florida
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhong L, Zheng J, Sun Q, Wei K, Hu Y. Radix Tetrastigma hemsleyani flavone inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of human lung carcinoma A549 cells. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:635-41. [PMID: 26893573 PMCID: PMC4745953 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s92707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix Tetrastigma hemsleyani flavone (RTHF) is widely used as a traditional herb and has detoxification and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of RTHF on the growth and metastasis of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and evaluated its mechanisms. A549 cells were treated with RTHF at various concentrations for different periods. In vitro Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and colony formation methods showed that RTHF had dose- and time-dependent antiproliferation effects on A549 cells. A cell adhesion assay showed that RTHF decreased A549 cell adhesion in a dose-dependent manner. Cell invasion and migration were investigated using the Transwell assay and observed using an inverted microscope; the results showed that cell metastasis was significantly lower in the treatment group than that in the control group (P<0.01). Expression of metastasis-related matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The results showed that the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 decreased, while that of TIMP-2 increased significantly in the RTHF group when compared with the results of the control group. These results show that RTHF exhibits antigrowth and antimetastasis activity in lung cancer A549 cells by decreasing the expression of MMP-2/-9 and TIMP-1 and increasing that of TIMP-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangrui Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxian Zheng
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kemin Wei
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijuan Hu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tsai CM, Sun FM, Chen YL, Hsu CL, Yen GC, Weng CJ. Molecular mechanism depressing PMA-induced invasive behaviors in human lung adenocarcinoma cells by cis- and trans-cinnamic acid. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 48:494-501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
8
|
Kim EJ, Hong JE, Lim SS, Kwon GT, Kim J, Kim JS, Lee KW, Park JHY. The Hexane Extract of Saussurea lappa and Its Active Principle, Dehydrocostus Lactone, Inhibit Prostate Cancer Cell Migration. J Med Food 2012; 15:24-32. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Kim
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Hong
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Gyoo Taik Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jongdai Kim
- Medical & Bio-Materials Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jong-Sang Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
- Medical & Bio-Materials Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chien MH, Ying TH, Hsieh YS, Chang YC, Yeh CM, Ko JL, Lee WS, Chang JH, Yang SF. Dioscorea nipponica Makino inhibits migration and invasion of human oral cancer HSC-3 cells by transcriptional inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 through modulation of CREB and AP-1 activity. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 50:558-66. [PMID: 22210353 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer mortality has increased during the last decade due to the difficulties in treating related metastasis. Dioscorea nipponica Makino, a popular folk medicine, exerts anti-obesity and anti-inflammation properties. However, the effect of this folk medicine on metastasis of oral cancer has yet to be fully elucidated. The present study demonstrates that D. nipponica extracts (DNE), at a range of concentrations (0-50 μg/mL), concentration-dependently inhibited migration/invasion capacities of human oral cancer cells, HSC-3, without cytotoxic effects. The anti-migration effect of DNE was also observed in two other OSCC cell lines, Ca9-22 and Cal-27. Zymography, real time PCR, and Western blotting analyses revealed that DNE inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) enzyme activity, and RNA and protein expression. The inhibitory effects of DNE on MMP-2 proceeded by up-regulating tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), as well as suppressing nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of cAMP response element-binding (CREB) and activating protein-1 (AP-1) on the MMP-2 promoter in HSC-3 cells. In conclusion, DNE inhibited the invasion of oral cancer cells and may have potential use as a chemopreventive agent against oral cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsien Chien
- Wan Fang Hospital, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Weng CJ, Wu CF, Huang HW, Ho CT, Yen GC. Anti-invasion effects of 6-shogaol and 6-gingerol, two active components in ginger, on human hepatocarcinoma cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54:1618-27. [PMID: 20521273 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common type of liver cancer and is highly metastatic. Metastasis is considered to be the major cause of death in cancer patients. Ginger is a natural dietary rhizome with anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic activities. The aims of this study were to evaluate the anti-invasion activity of 6-shogaol and 6-gingerol, two compounds found in ginger, on hepatoma cells. METHODS AND RESULTS The migratory and invasive abilities of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-treated HepG2 and PMA-untreated Hep3B cells were both reduced in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with 6-shogaol and 6-gingerol. Upon incubation of PMA-treated HepG2 cells and PMA-untreated Hep3B cells with 6-shogaol and 6-gingerol, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity decreased, whereas the expression of tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase protein (TIMP)-1 increased in both cell types. Additionally, urokinase-type plasminogen activator activity was dose-dependently decreased in Hep3B cells after incubation with 6-shogaol for 24 h. Analysis with semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR showed that the regulation of MMP-9 by 6-shogaol and 6-gingerol and the regulation of TIMP-1 by 6-shogaol in Hep3B cells may on the transcriptional level. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that 6-shogaol and 6-gingerol might both exert anti-invasive activity against hepatoma cells through regulation of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and that 6-shogaol could further regulate urokinase-type plasminogen activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jui Weng
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Weng CJ, Wu CF, Huang HW, Wu CH, Ho CT, Yen GC. Evaluation of anti-invasion effect of resveratrol and related methoxy analogues on human hepatocarcinoma cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:2886-2894. [PMID: 20131808 DOI: 10.1021/jf904182y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer and is also highly metastatic. Metastasis is considered to be the major cause of death in cancer patients. Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) and related analogues have been reported as candidates to prevent cancer growth and invasion. The bioactivity of resveratrol-related analogues could be altered due to the presence and positioning of methoxy groups on the basic resveratrol chemical structure. This study investigated the effects and mechanism of action of resveratrol and its methoxy analogues on invasion of human hepatocarcinoma cells. The migratory and invasive abilities of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-treated HepG2 and PMA-untreated Hep3B cells were both reduced in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with resveratrol and 3,5,4'-trimethoxy-trans-stilbene (MR-3). Upon incubation of PMA-treated HepG2 cells with resveratrol (0-50 microM) or MR-3 (0-50 microM), the MMP-9 activity decreased but TIMP-1 protein increased in a dose-dependent manner. With resveratrol (0-50 microM) or MR-3 (0-1 microM) treatment on PMA-untreated Hep3B cells, both of the MMP-9 and MMP-2 activities decreased but TIMP-2 protein increased in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that resveratrol and its related methoxy analogue MR-3 might exert anti-invasive activity against hepatoma cells through regulation of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2. Further analysis with semiquantitative RT-PCR showed that the regulation of MMP-9 and TIMP-2 expressions by resveratrol and MR-3 in hepatoma cells may be on the transcriptional level but on the translational or post-translational level for TIMP-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jui Weng
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Seo YS, Park JJ, Kim JH, Kim JY, Yeon JE, Kim JS, Byun KS, Bak YT. Usefulness of MMP-9/TIMP-1 in predicting tumor recurrence in patients undergoing curative surgical resection for gastric carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2007; 52:753-9. [PMID: 17237995 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-006-9535-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2006] [Accepted: 07/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Degradation of the extracellular matrix is an essential step in tumor invasion and metastasis. It involves the actions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). We evaluated the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in gastric carcinomas and the relationship between this expression and tumor recurrence. Eighty patients who had undergone curative surgical resection for gastric carcinoma were included. Resected gastric tissue samples were stained immunohistochemically to evaluate the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1. TIMP-1 expression was related to the depth of tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis. The proportion of tumors larger than 5 cm, or displaying muscle layer invasion, and the cumulative incidence of tumor recurrence were significantly elevated in patients with tumors expressing TIMP-1. Furthermore, these measures were lowest in patients with no TIMP-1 expression and highest in patients who only expressed TIMP-1. In conclusion, TIMP-1 expression and the balance between expression of MMP-9 and expression of TIMP-1 may be important indicators of tumor progression and predictors of tumor recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Seok Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|