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Wang Y, Chen W, Ding S, Wang W, Wang C. Pentraxins in invertebrates and vertebrates: From structure, function and evolution to clinical applications. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 149:105064. [PMID: 37734429 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is divided into two broad categories, consisting of innate and adaptive immunity. As recognition and effector factors of innate immunity and regulators of adaptive immune responses, lectins are considered to be important defense chemicals against microbial pathogens, cell trafficking, immune regulation, and prevention of autoimmunity. Pentraxins, important members of animal lectins, play a significant role in protecting the body from pathogen infection and regulating inflammatory reactions. They can recognize and bind to a variety of ligands, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and their complexes, and protect the host from pathogen invasion by activating the complement cascade and Fcγ receptor pathways. Based on the primary structure of the subunit, pentraxins are divided into short and long pentraxins. The short pentraxins are comprised of C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P (SAP), and the most important member of the long pentraxins is pentraxin 3 (PTX3). The CRP and SAP exist in both vertebrates and invertebrates, while the PTX3 may be present only in vertebrates. The major ligands and functions of CRP, SAP and PTX3 and three activation pathways involved in the complement system are summarized in this review. Their different characteristics in various animals including humans, and their evolutionary trees are analyzed. The clinical applications of CRP, SAP and PTX3 in human are reviewed. Some questions that remain to be understood are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China; Yantai Productivity Promotion Center, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - Changliu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China.
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Capra AP, Crupi L, Pantò G, Repici A, Calapai F, Squeri R, Ardizzone A, Esposito E. Serum Pentraxin 3 as Promising Biomarker for the Long-Lasting Inflammatory Response of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14195. [PMID: 37762499 PMCID: PMC10531731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, biological markers for COVID-19 disease severity still constitute the main goal of enhancing an efficient treatment to reduce critical consequences such as an abnormal systemic inflammatory response. In this regard, the latest research has shown that Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a highly conserved innate immunity protein, may serve as a valuable biochemical marker. Based on this evidence, we conducted a case-control study to compare the PTX3 serum levels and several immune-inflammatory mediators of 80 healthcare workers who were subdivided into subjects who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 (n = 40) and individuals who were never infected (n = 40). Using a commercially available Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), PTX3 and various immune-inflammatory protein levels were assessed in serum samples, while also considering possible variables (e.g., gender-related differences). We have shown elevated levels of PTX3 and other inflammatory proteins in previously infected COVID-19-positive subjects (p < 0.001). Moreover, the obtained data also indicate a degree of severity influenced by gender, as shown by the subgroup analysis, in which PTX3 expression was more pronounced in previously COVID-19-positive males (p < 0.001) than in females (p < 0.05) compared to the respective controls. In addition, our data further validate, through a direct comparison of previously COVID-19-positive subjects, greater pro-inflammatory levels in males than in females. Overall, our results may support the validity of PTX3 as a systemic biomarker in prolonged systemic inflammatory responses in the context of COVID-19. Thus, PTX3 modulation could constitute an effective therapeutic strategy for improving the recovery from COVID-19 and its systemic long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Paola Capra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.P.C.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Lelio Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.P.C.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Giuseppe Pantò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Alberto Repici
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.P.C.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Fabrizio Calapai
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.P.C.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (E.E.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Raffaele Squeri
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Alessio Ardizzone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.P.C.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.P.C.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (E.E.)
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Barbalho SM, Minniti G, Miola VFB, Haber JFDS, Bueno PCDS, de Argollo Haber LS, Girio RSJ, Detregiachi CRP, Dall'Antonia CT, Rodrigues VD, Nicolau CCT, Catharin VMCS, Araújo AC, Laurindo LF. Organokines in COVID-19: A Systematic Review. Cells 2023; 12:1349. [PMID: 37408184 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 that induces a generalized inflammatory state. Organokines (adipokines, osteokines, myokines, hepatokines, and cardiokines) can produce beneficial or harmful effects in this condition. This study aimed to systematically review the role of organokines on COVID-19. PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases were searched, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and 37 studies were selected, comprising more than 2700 individuals infected with the virus. Among COVID-19 patients, organokines have been associated with endothelial dysfunction and multiple organ failure due to augmented cytokines and increased SARS-CoV-2 viremia. Changes in the pattern of organokines secretion can directly or indirectly contribute to aggravating the infection, promoting immune response alterations, and predicting the disease progression. These molecules have the potential to be used as adjuvant biomarkers to predict the severity of the illness and severe outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Giulia Minniti
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Fernando Bordin Miola
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Jesselina Francisco Dos Santos Haber
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Centro Interdisciplinar em Diabetes (CENID), School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cincotto Dos Santos Bueno
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiza Santos de Argollo Haber
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Raul S J Girio
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), School of Medicine, Avenida Monte Carmelo, 800, Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Tiveron Dall'Antonia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Victória Dogani Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), School of Medicine, Avenida Monte Carmelo, 800, Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia C T Nicolau
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Virginia Maria Cavallari Strozze Catharin
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), School of Medicine, Avenida Monte Carmelo, 800, Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil
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The Prognostic Value of Pentraxin-3 in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mortality Incidence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043537. [PMID: 36834949 PMCID: PMC9958638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last three years, humanity has been facing one of the most serious health emergencies due to the global spread of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In this scenario, the research of reliable biomarkers of mortality from COVID-19 represents a primary objective. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a highly conserved protein of innate immunity, seems to be associated with a worse outcome of the disease. Based on the above, this systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the prognostic potential of PTX3 in COVID-19 disease. We included 12 clinical studies evaluating PTX3 in COVID-19 patients. From our research, we found increased PTX3 levels compared to healthy subjects, and notably, PTX3 was even more augmented in severe COVID-19 rather than non-severe cases. Moreover, we performed a meta-analysis to establish if there were differences between ICU and non-ICU COVID-19 patients in PTX3-related death. We combined 5 studies for a total of 543 ICU vs. 515 non-ICU patients. We found high significative PTX3-related death in ICU COVID-19 hospitalized individuals (184 out of 543) compared to non-ICU (37 out of 515), with an overall effect OR: 11.30 [2.00, 63.73]; p = 0.006. In conclusion, we probed PTX3 as a reliable marker of poor outcomes after COVID-19 infection as well as a predictor of hospitalized patients' stratification.
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Kanaeva TV, Karoli NA. Prognostic biomarkers for cardiovascular injury in patients with COVID-19: a review. SECHENOV MEDICAL JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.47093/2218-7332.2022.13.3.14-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Investigations into the causes of adverse outcomes of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) have been ongoing since the beginning of the pandemic. There is evidence that coronavirus-induced cardiovascular injury is as important to a risk of adverse outcome as respiratory injury. Many studies have shown that concomitant cardiovascular disease aggravates the course of COVID-19. However, in some patients who did not have cardiovascular diseases before COVID-19, they are detected during hospitalization or after discharge from the hospital. The review examines data on the effect of serum biomarkers of cardiovascular disease determined during COVID-19 on the risk of adverse outcomes in the near and long-term follow-up periods. Among such biomarkers are considered: troponins, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, creatine phosphokinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, myoglobin, growth stimulation expressed gene 2, pentraxin 3, angiotensin II, as well as D-dimer and homocysteine. Threshold values have been set for some of these biomarkers, which allow predicting the risk of an unfavorable outcome. At the same time, in most prognostic models, these markers are considered in association with cytokine storm indicators and other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. V. Kanaeva
- Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky
| | - N. A. Karoli
- Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky
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Ke Y, Wu K, Shen C, Zhu Y, Xu C, Li Q, Hu J, Liu S. Clinical Utility of Circulating Pentraxin 3 as a Prognostic Biomarker in Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Infect Dis Ther 2023; 12:67-80. [PMID: 36443545 PMCID: PMC9707160 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-022-00730-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is involved in inflammation regulation and has a certain association with infectious diseases. However, its specific correlation with infectious diseases remains controversial. This study aimed to analyze the association between them and explore the possible role of PTX3 in the prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS Five databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Clinicaltrials.gov, and gray literature) were searched. Outcomes were expressed as a standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of included articles. Stata 12 and Meta-DiSc were applied to analyze the pooled data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were conducted to determine the prognostic value of PTX3 for mortality. RESULTS Six articles met the inclusion criteria. Circulating PTX3 levels had a nonsignificant difference between intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU patients with COVID-19 [SMD 1.37 (-0.08, 2.81); I2 = 93.9%, P < 0.01], while the PTX3 levels in nonsurvival COVID-19 patients was significantly lower than those in survival patients [SMD -1.41 (-1.92, -0.91); I2 = 66.4%, P = 0.051]. Circulating PTX3 had good mortality prediction ability (area under ROC curve, AUC = 0.829) in COVID-19. Funnel plots and Egger's tests showed low probabilities of publication bias. Through sensitivity analysis, the results of this study were robust. CONCLUSION This study found that PTX3 was differentially expressed between survival and nonsurvival patients with COVID-19, while there was no significant difference between ICU and non-ICU patients. Meanwhile, circulating PTX3 may be a good biomarker for monitoring the prognosis of COVID-19, which may provide new ideas and directions for clinical and scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Ke
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No 548, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kaihan Wu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, No 548, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chenglu Shen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, No 548, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuqing Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, No 548, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chuchu Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, No 548, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiushuang Li
- Department of Clinical Evaluation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), No. 54, Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), No. 54, Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Clinical Evaluation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), No. 54, Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Zhan K, Wang L, Lin H, Fang X, Jia H, Ma X. Novel inflammatory biomarkers in the prognosis of COVID-19. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2023; 17:17534666231199679. [PMID: 37727063 PMCID: PMC10515606 DOI: 10.1177/17534666231199679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The central role of inflammatory progression in the development of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially in severe cases, is indisputable. However, the role of some novel inflammatory biomarkers in the prognosis of COVID-19 remains controversial. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of some novel inflammatory biomarkers in the occurrence and prognosis of COVID-19. METHODS We systematically retrieved the studies related to COVID-19 and the inflammatory biomarkers of interest. The data of each biomarker in different groups were extracted, then were categorized and pooled. The standardized mean difference was chosen as an effect size measure to compare the difference between groups. RESULTS A total of 90 studies with 12,059 participants were included in this study. We found higher levels of endocan, PTX3, suPAR, sRAGE, galectin-3, and monocyte distribution width (MDW) in the COVID-19 positive groups compared to the COVID-19 negative groups. No significant differences for suPAR and galectin-3 were detected between the severe group and mild/moderate group of COVID-19. In addition, the deaths usually had higher levels of PTX3, sCD14-ST, suPAR, and MDW at admission compared to the survivors. Furthermore, patients with higher levels of endocan, galectin-3, sCD14-ST, suPAR, and MDW usually developed poorer comprehensive clinical prognoses. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this meta-analysis provides the most up-to-date and comprehensive evidence for the role of the mentioned novel inflammatory biomarkers in the prognosis of COVID-19, especially in evaluating death and other poor prognoses, with most biomarkers showing a better discriminatory ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kegang Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- College of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Luhan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Lin
- West China School of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Jia
- College of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xiangyu Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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Lapadula G, Leone R, Bernasconi DP, Biondi A, Rossi E, D’Angiò M, Bottazzi B, Bettini LR, Beretta I, Garlanda C, Valsecchi MG, Mantovani A, Bonfanti P. Long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) levels predict death, intubation and thrombotic events among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:933960. [PMID: 36389697 PMCID: PMC9651085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.933960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PTX3 is an important mediator of inflammation and innate immunity. We aimed at assessing its prognostic value in a large cohort of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. METHODS Levels of PTX3 were measured in 152 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at San Gerardo Hospital (Monza, Italy) since March 2020. Cox regression was used to identify predictors of time from admission to in-hospital death or mechanical ventilation. Crude incidences of death were compared between patients with PTX3 levels higher or lower than the best cut-off estimated with the Maximally Selected Rank Statistics Method. RESULTS Upon admission, 22% of the patients required no oxygen, 46% low-flow oxygen, 30% high-flow nasal cannula or CPAP-helmet and 3% MV. Median level of PTX3 was 21.7 (IQR: 13.5-58.23) ng/ml. In-hospital mortality was 25% (38 deaths); 13 patients (8.6%) underwent MV. PTX3 was associated with risk of death (per 10 ng/ml, HR 1.08; 95%CI 1.04-1.11; P<0.001) and death/MV (HR 1.04; 95%CI 1.01-1.07; P=0.011), independently of other predictors of in-hospital mortality, including age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, D-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP). Patients with PTX3 levels above the optimal cut-off of 39.32 ng/ml had significantly higher mortality than the others (55% vs 8%, P<0.001). Higher PTX3 plasma levels were found in 14 patients with subsequent thrombotic complications (median [IQR]: 51.4 [24.6-94.4] versus 21 [13.4-55.2]; P=0.049). CONCLUSIONS High PTX3 levels in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 are associated with a worse outcome. The evaluation of this marker could be useful in prognostic stratification and identification of patients who could benefit from immunomodulant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lapadula
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Davide Paolo Bernasconi
- Bicocca Bioinformatics Biostatistics and Bioimaging Center - B4, University of Milano–Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, European Reference Network (ERN) PaedCan, EuroBloodNet, MetabERN Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM)/Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Emanuela Rossi
- Bicocca Bioinformatics Biostatistics and Bioimaging Center - B4, University of Milano–Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariella D’Angiò
- Department of Pediatrics, European Reference Network (ERN) PaedCan, EuroBloodNet, MetabERN Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM)/Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Laura Rachele Bettini
- Department of Pediatrics, European Reference Network (ERN) PaedCan, EuroBloodNet, MetabERN Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM)/Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Ilaria Beretta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Valsecchi
- Bicocca Bioinformatics Biostatistics and Bioimaging Center - B4, University of Milano–Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Bonfanti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
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Margiana R, Sharma SK, Khan BI, Alameri AA, Opulencia MJC, Hammid AT, Hamza TA, Babakulov SK, Abdelbasset WK, Jawhar ZH. RETRACTED: The pathogenicity of COVID-19 and the role of pentraxin-3: An updated review study. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 238:154128. [PMID: 36137396 PMCID: PMC9476367 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. In investigating concerns regarding the contributions of the authors to this article, the editors reached out to the authors for an explanation. In addition to the concerns regarding the contribution of each author, the editors discovered suspicious changes in authorship between the original submission and the revised version of this paper. The names of the authors Ameer A Alameri and Zanko Hassan Jawhar were added to the revised version of the article without explanation and without the exceptional approval by the handling Editor, which is contrary to the journal policy on changes to authorship. The authors were unable to provide a reasonable explanation for either of the issues raised. The editor therefore feels that the findings of the manuscript cannot be relied upon and that the article needs to be retracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Andrology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Satish Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Glocal School of Pharmacy, The Glocal University, Saharanpur, India.
| | | | | | | | - Ali Thaeer Hammid
- Computer Engineering Techniques Department, Faculty of Information Technology, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Thulfeqar Ahmed Hamza
- Medical laboratory techniques department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Sharaf Khamrakulovich Babakulov
- Tashkent State Dental Institute, Makhtumkuli Street 103, Tashkent, 100047, Uzbekistan; Research scholar, Department of Scientific affairs, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Amir Temur Street 18, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Zanko Hassan Jawhar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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10
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Assandri R, Accordino S, Canetta C, Buscarini E, Scartabellati A, Tolassi C, Serana F. Long pentraxin 3 as a marker of COVID-19 severity: evidences and perspectives. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2022; 32:020901. [PMID: 35464745 PMCID: PMC8996318 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2022.020901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Materials and methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Assandri
- Clinical Investigation Laboratory, Ospedale Maggiore di Crema, Crema, Italy
- Corresponding author:
| | - Silvia Accordino
- High Care Internal Medicine Unit, fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Ciro Canetta
- High Care Internal Medicine Unit, fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Chiara Tolassi
- Clinical Investigation Laboratory, Ospedale Maggiore di Crema, Crema, Italy
| | - Federico Serana
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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11
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Biomarkers Associated with Cardiovascular Disease in COVID-19. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060922. [PMID: 35326373 PMCID: PMC8946710 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) emerged late December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China and has since spread rapidly all over the world causing a global pandemic. While the respiratory system is the primary target of disease manifestation, COVID-19 has been shown to also affect several other organs, making it a rather complex, multi-system disease. As such, cardiovascular involvement has been a topic of discussion since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, primarily due to early reports of excessive myocardial injury in these patients. Treating physicians are faced with multiple challenges in the management and early triage of patients with COVID-19, as disease severity is highly variable ranging from an asymptomatic infection to critical cases rapidly deteriorating to intensive care treatment or even fatality. Laboratory biomarkers provide important prognostic information which can guide decision making in the emergency department, especially in patients with atypical presentations. Several cardiac biomarkers, most notably high-sensitive cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), have emerged as valuable predictors of prognosis in patients with COVID-19. The purpose of this review was to offer a concise summary on prognostic cardiac biomarkers in COVID-19 and discuss whether routine measurements of these biomarkers are warranted upon hospital admission.
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12
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Jia L, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Ma L, Wang L, Hu X, Liu H, Chen J, Liu D, Guan W. Suppression and Activation of Intracellular Immune Response in Initial Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:768740. [PMID: 34899651 PMCID: PMC8661415 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.768740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently the most important emerging pathogen worldwide, but its early transcriptional dynamics and host immune response remain unclear. Herein, the expression profiles of viral interactions with different types of hosts were comprehensively dissected to shed light on the early infection strategy of SARS-CoV-2 and the host immune response against infection. SARS-CoV-2 was found to exhibit a two-stage transcriptional strategy within the first 24 h of infection, comprising a lag phase that ends with the virus being paused and a log phase that starts when the viral load increases rapidly. Interestingly, the host innate immune response was found not to be activated (latent period) until the virus entered the log stage. Noteworthy, when intracellular immunity is suppressed, SARS-CoV-2 shows a correlation with dysregulation of metal ion homeostasis. Herein, the inhibitory activity of copper ions against SARS-CoV-2 was further validated in in vitro experiments. Coronavirus disease 2019-related genes (including CD38, PTX3, and TCN1) were also identified, which may serve as candidate host-restricted factors for interventional therapy. Collectively, these results confirm that the two-stage strategy of SARS-CoV-2 effectively aids its survival in early infection by regulating the host intracellular immunity, highlighting the key role of interferon in viral infection and potential therapeutic candidates for further investigations on antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Jia
- Center for Bacteria and Viruses Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yecheng Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Ma
- Center for Bacteria and Viruses Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Center for Bacteria and Viruses Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Haizhou Liu
- Center for Bacteria and Viruses Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Center for Bacteria and Viruses Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Liu
- Center for Bacteria and Viruses Resources and Bioinformation, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wuxiang Guan
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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13
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Kukla M, Menżyk T, Dembiński M, Winiarski M, Garlicki A, Bociąga-Jasik M, Skonieczna M, Hudy D, Maziarz B, Kuśnierz-Cabala B, Kapusta M, Skladany L, Grgurevic I, Mikolasevic I, Filipec-Kanizaj T, Wójcik-Bugajska M, Grodzicki T, Rogula T, Stygar D. Fetuin-A Deficiency but Not Pentraxin 3, FGF-21, or Irisin, Predisposes to More Serious COVID-19 Course. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101422. [PMID: 34680053 PMCID: PMC8533535 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of liver biopsy specimens showed that SARS-CoV-2 might have led to liver damage. This study aimed to evaluate the role of selected hepatokines and myokines in the development and progression of COVID-19. Seventy patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Irisin, pentraxin 3, fetuin-A, and FGF-21 serum concentrations and biochemical parameters were assessed using an immunoenzymatic method with commercially available enzyme immunoassay (EIA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Serum fetuin-A concentrations were significantly decreased in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy volunteers. The serum concentration of FGF-21 was significantly increased in obese COVID-19 patients compared to overweight ones. Moreover, the FGF-21 level was higher in COVID-19 patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome than in patients without metabolic syndrome. PTX3 concentration was higher in COVID-19 patients with higher HOMA-IR values than those with lower HOMA-IR values. COVID-19 patients with HOMA-IR ≤ 3 and >3 had significantly lower fetuin-A levels than the control group. Irisin concentration was significantly decreased in the HOMA-IR ≤ 3 COVID-19 subgroup when comparing with the control group. Lower levels of fetuin-A observed in COVID-19 patients despite higher HOMA-IR, CRP, and ferritin levels, pneumonia, patients requiring ICU care suggests that fetuin-A deficiency predisposes to more severe COVID-19 course. Upregulated pentraxin 3 may be used as a potential predictor of COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kukla
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.); (M.W.-B.); (T.G.)
- Department of Endoscopy, University Hospital in Kraków, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Tomasz Menżyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Acute Intoxication, Regional Hospital, Lwowska 178A, 33-100 Tarnów, Poland;
| | - Marcin Dembiński
- Department of Endoscopy, University Hospital in Kraków, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (M.W.)
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Winiarski
- Department of Endoscopy, University Hospital in Kraków, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (M.W.)
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksander Garlicki
- Chair of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.G.); (M.B.-J.)
| | - Monika Bociąga-Jasik
- Chair of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.G.); (M.B.-J.)
| | - Magdalena Skonieczna
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.S.); (D.H.)
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Dorota Hudy
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.S.); (D.H.)
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Barbara Maziarz
- Department of Diagnostics, Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (B.M.); (B.K.-C.); (M.K.)
| | - Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala
- Department of Diagnostics, Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (B.M.); (B.K.-C.); (M.K.)
| | - Maria Kapusta
- Department of Diagnostics, Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (B.M.); (B.K.-C.); (M.K.)
| | - Lubomir Skladany
- Department of Internal Medicine and HEGITO (Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation), F.D. Roosevelt University Hospital, Nam. l. Svobodu 1, 975 17 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia;
| | - Ivica Grgurevic
- School of Medicine, Zagreb University, Šalata ul. 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.G.); (T.F.-K.)
- Division for Liver Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Dubrava University Hospital, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Mikolasevic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova ul. 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Tajana Filipec-Kanizaj
- School of Medicine, Zagreb University, Šalata ul. 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.G.); (T.F.-K.)
| | - Małgorzata Wójcik-Bugajska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.); (M.W.-B.); (T.G.)
| | - Tomasz Grodzicki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.); (M.W.-B.); (T.G.)
| | - Tomasz Rogula
- 1st Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
- Health Education Campus, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 9501 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Dominika Stygar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Poniatowskiego 15, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +48-32-272-2362
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