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Ali S, Freire LGD, Rezende VT, Noman M, Ullah S, Abdullah, Badshah G, Afridi MS, Tonin FG, de Oliveira CAF. Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Foods: Unraveling the Knowledge Gaps on Their Persistence in Food Production Systems. Foods 2023; 12:4314. [PMID: 38231751 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, the intricate issue about the occurrence levels of mycotoxins in foods is discussed aiming to underline the main knowledge gaps on the persistence of these toxicants in the food production system. Mycotoxins have been a key challenge to the food industry, economic growth, and consumers' health. Despite a breadth of studies over the past decades, the persistence of mycotoxins in foods remain an overlooked concern that urges exploration. Therefore, we aimed to concisely underline the matter and provide possible biochemical and metabolic details that can be relevant to the food sector and overall public health. We also stress the application of computational modeling, high-throughput omics, and high-resolution imaging approaches, which can provide insights into the structural and physicochemical characteristics and the metabolic activities which occur in a stored cereal grain's embryo and endosperm and their relationship with storage fungi and mycotoxins on a cellular level. In addition, there is a need for extensive collaborative network and funding, which will play a key role in finding effective solutions against the persistence of mycotoxins at the genetic and molecular to metabolic levels in the food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sher Ali
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gabriel Dionisio Freire
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Theodoro Rezende
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Noman
- Plant Molecular Physiology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Sana Ullah
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Abdullah
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar (AUP), Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Gul Badshah
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81530-000, PR, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Siddique Afridi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando Gustavo Tonin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
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Beccaccioli M, Pucci N, Salustri M, Scortichini M, Zaccaria M, Momeni B, Loreti S, Reverberi M, Scala V. Fungal and bacterial oxylipins are signals for intra- and inter-cellular communication within plant disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:823233. [PMID: 36186042 PMCID: PMC9524268 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.823233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are central at various stages of host-pathogen interactions in determining virulence and modulating plant defense. Free fatty acids may act as substrates for oxidizing enzymes [e.g., lipoxygenases (LOXs) and dioxygenases (DOXs)] that synthesize oxylipins. Fatty acids and oxylipins function as modulators of several pathways in cell-to-cell communication; their structural similarity among plant, fungal, and bacterial taxa suggests potential in cross-kingdom communication. We provide a prospect of the known role of fatty acids and oxylipins in fungi and bacteria during plant-pathogen interactions. In the pathogens, oxylipin-mediated signaling pathways are crucial both in development and host infection. Here, we report on case studies suggesting that oxylipins derived from oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids are crucial in modulating the pathogenic lifestyle in the host plant. Intriguingly, overlapping (fungi-plant/bacteria-plant) results suggest that different inter-kingdom pathosystems use similar lipid signals to reshape the lifestyle of the contenders and occasionally determine the outcome of the challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Beccaccioli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Pucci
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and the Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Salustri
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Scortichini
- Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and the Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Zaccaria
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Newton, MA, United States
| | - Babak Momeni
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Newton, MA, United States
| | - Stefania Loreti
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and the Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Reverberi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Scala
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and the Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
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Guo C, Qin L, Ma Y, Qin J. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of the parasitic plant Cuscuta japonica Choisy on host and non-host plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:393. [PMID: 35934696 PMCID: PMC9358843 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03773-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cuscuta japonica Choisy (Japanese dodder) is a parasitic weed that damages many plants and affects agricultural production. The haustorium of C. japonica plays a key role during parasitism in host plants; in contrast, some non-host plants effectively inhibit its formation. However, the metabolic differences between normal dodder in host plants and dodder inhibition in non-host plants are largely unknown. Here, we utilized an integrative analysis of transcriptomes and metabolomes to compare the differential regulatory mechanisms between C. japonica interacting with the host plant Ficus microcarpa and the non-host plant Mangifera indica. RESULTS After parasitization for 24 h and 72 h, the differentially abundant metabolites between these two treatments were enriched in pathways associated with α-linolenic acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and pyrimidine metabolism. At the transcriptome level, the flavor biosynthesis pathway was significantly enriched at 24 h, whereas the plant-pathogen interaction, arginine and proline metabolism, and MARK signaling-plant pathways were significantly enriched at 72 h, based on the differentially expressed genes between these two treatments. Subsequent temporal analyses identified multiple genes and metabolites that showed different trends in dodder interactions between the host and non-host plants. In particular, the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway showed significant differential regulation between C. japonica in host and non-host plants. CONCLUSIONS These results provide insights into the metabolic mechanisms of dodder-host interactions, which will facilitate future plant protection from C. japonica parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Guo
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science/ Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, 530007, China.
| | - Liuyan Qin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Yongling Ma
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science/ Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Jianlin Qin
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science/ Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, 530007, China
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Righetti L, Gottwald S, Tortorella S, Spengler B, Bhandari DR. Mass Spectrometry Imaging Disclosed Spatial Distribution of Defense-Related Metabolites in Triticum spp. Metabolites 2022; 12:48. [PMID: 35050170 PMCID: PMC8780301 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium Head Blight is the most common fungal disease that strongly affects Triticum spp., reducing crop yield and leading to the accumulation of toxic metabolites. Several studies have investigated the plant metabolic response to counteract mycotoxins accumulation. However, information on the precise location where the defense mechanism is taking place is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the specific tissue distribution of defense metabolites in two Triticum species and use this information to postulate on the metabolites' functional role, unlocking the "location-to-function" paradigm. To address this challenge, transversal cross-sections were obtained from the middle of the grains. They were analyzed using an atmospheric-pressure (AP) SMALDI MSI source (AP-SMALDI5 AF, TransMIT GmbH, Giessen, Germany) coupled to a Q Exactive HF (Thermo Fisher Scientific GmbH, Bremen, Germany) orbital trapping mass spectrometer. Our result revealed the capability of (AP)-SMALDI MSI instrumentation to finely investigate the spatial distribution of wheat defense metabolites, such as hydroxycinnamic acid amides, oxylipins, linoleic and α-linoleic acids, galactolipids, and glycerolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Righetti
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.G.); (B.S.)
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Sven Gottwald
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Sara Tortorella
- Molecular Horizon srl, Via Montelino 30, Bettona, 06084 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Dhaka Ram Bhandari
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.G.); (B.S.)
- Gandaki Prvince Academy of Science and Technology, Pokhara 33700, Nepal
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Righetti L, Dall’Asta C, Lucini L, Battilani P. Lipid Signaling Modulates the Response to Fumonisin Contamination and Its Source, Fusarium verticillioides, in Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:701680. [PMID: 34819936 PMCID: PMC8606633 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.701680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fumonisin-contaminated maize (Zea mays L.) products are a major health concern because of their toxic effects in humans and animals. Breeding maize for increased mycotoxin resistance is one of the key sustainable strategies for mitigating the effects of fumonisin contamination. Recent studies suggest a link between fumonisin accumulation and plant lipid and oxylipin profiles. However, the data collected so far do not reveal a cause-and-effect relationship. In this study, to decipher the multifactorial nature of mycotoxin resistance and plant-pathogen interaction mechanisms, we examined the oxylipin and complex lipid profiles of two maize hybrids (H21 and H22, the latter showing significantly lower FBs content) grown in the open field in two locations over 3years. Untargeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight (UHPLC-Q-TOF), together with chemometrics analysis, successfully distinguished between the two hybrids as having low- and high-level fumonisin contamination. Considering that H21 and H22 were exposed to the same environmental factors, the higher activation of lipid signaling systems in H22 suggests that other routes are enabled in the less susceptible hybrids to limit fumonisin B (FB) accumulation. Our results highlighted the crucial role played by oxylipin and sphingolipid signaling in modulating the complex maize response to F. verticillioides infection. Overall, our results returned a global view on the changes in lipid metabolites related to fumonisin accumulation under open field conditions, and revealed a strong activation of the lipid signaling cascade in maize in the presence of FB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Righetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Paola Battilani
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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The Effect of Fusarium verticillioides Fumonisins on Fatty Acids, Sphingolipids, and Oxylipins in Maize Germlings. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052435. [PMID: 33670954 PMCID: PMC7957515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides causes multiple diseases of Zea mays (maize) including ear and seedling rots, contaminates seeds and seed products worldwide with toxic chemicals called fumonisins. The role of fumonisins in disease is unclear because, although they are not required for ear rot, they are required for seedling diseases. Disease symptoms may be due to the ability of fumonisins to inhibit ceramide synthase activity, the expected cause of lipids (fatty acids, oxylipins, and sphingolipids) alteration in infected plants. In this study, we explored the impact of fumonisins on fatty acid, oxylipin, and sphingolipid levels in planta and how these changes affect F. verticillioides growth in maize. The identity and levels of principal fatty acids, oxylipins, and over 50 sphingolipids were evaluated by chromatography followed by mass spectrometry in maize infected with an F. verticillioides fumonisin-producing wild-type strain and a fumonisin-deficient mutant, after different periods of growth. Plant hormones associated with defense responses, i.e., salicylic and jasmonic acid, were also evaluated. We suggest that fumonisins produced by F. verticillioides alter maize lipid metabolism, which help switch fungal growth from a relatively harmless endophyte to a destructive necrotroph.
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Martin-Rivilla H, Gutierrez-Mañero FJ, Gradillas A, P. Navarro MO, Andrade G, Lucas JA. Identifying the Compounds of the Metabolic Elicitors of Pseudomonas fluorescens N 21.4 Responsible for Their Ability to Induce Plant Resistance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1020. [PMID: 32806693 PMCID: PMC7463883 DOI: 10.3390/plants9081020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the metabolic elicitors extracted from the beneficial rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens N 21.4 were sequentially fragmented by vacuum liquid chromatography to isolate, purify and identify the compounds responsible for the extraordinary capacities of this strain to induce systemic resistance and to elicit secondary defensive metabolism in diverse plant species. To check if the fractions sequentially obtained were able to increase the synthesis of isoflavones and if, therefore, they still maintained the eliciting capacity of the live strain, rapid and controlled experiments were done with soybean seeds. The optimal action concentration of the fractions was established and all of them elicited isoflavone secondary metabolism-the fractions that had been extracted with n-hexane being more effective. The purest fraction was the one with the highest eliciting capacity and was also tested in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings to induce systemic resistance against the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC 3000. This fraction was then analyzed by UHPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS, and an alkaloid, two amino lipids, three arylalkylamines and a terpenoid were tentatively identified. These identified compounds could be part of commercial plant inoculants of biological and sustainable origin to be applied in crops, due to their potential to enhance the plant immune response and since many of them have putative antibiotic and/or antifungal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Martin-Rivilla
- Plant Physiology Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, 28668 Madrid, Spain; (F.J.G.-M.); (J.A.L.)
| | - F. Javier Gutierrez-Mañero
- Plant Physiology Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, 28668 Madrid, Spain; (F.J.G.-M.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Ana Gradillas
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, 28668 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Miguel O. P. Navarro
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology, Londrina State University, Londrina 86051-990, Brazil; (M.O.P.N.); (G.A.)
| | - Galdino Andrade
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology, Londrina State University, Londrina 86051-990, Brazil; (M.O.P.N.); (G.A.)
| | - José A. Lucas
- Plant Physiology Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU Universities, 28668 Madrid, Spain; (F.J.G.-M.); (J.A.L.)
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Monitoring Phenolic Compounds in Rice during the Growing Season in Relation to Fungal and Mycotoxin Contamination. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12050341. [PMID: 32455855 PMCID: PMC7291125 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12050341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Total phenolic content (TPC) and several phenolic acids present in rice grains were compared with fungal infection and mycotoxin presence throughout the growing season. Samples of 4 rice varieties were collected in 2018 and 2019 at 3 different plant phenological stages. Total fungal and main mycotoxigenic fungi incidence were checked and mycotoxin content was analysed. On the same samples, TPC and the concentration of 8 main phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, protocatecuic acid and gallic acid) were measured. The results showed significant differences between years for both fungal incidence and mycotoxin presence. In 2018 there was a lower fungal presence (42%) than in 2019 (57%) while, regarding mycotoxins, sterigmatocystin (STC) was found in almost all the samples and at all growing stages while deoxynivalenol (DON) was found particularly during ripening. An interesting relationship was found between fungal incidence and TPC, and some phenolic acids seemed to be more involved than others in the plant defense system. Ferulic acid and protocatecuic acid showed a different trend during the growing season depending on fungal incidence and resulted to be positively correlated with p-coumaric acid and 4-HBA that seem involved in mycotoxin containment in field.
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Samayoa LF, Cao A, Santiago R, Malvar RA, Butrón A. Genome-wide association analysis for fumonisin content in maize kernels. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:166. [PMID: 31029090 PMCID: PMC6486958 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant breeding has been proposed as one of the most effective and environmentally safe methods to control fungal infection and to reduce fumonisin accumulation. However, conventional breeding can be hampered by the complex genetic architecture of resistance to fumonisin accumulation and marker-assisted selection is proposed as an efficient alternative. In the current study, GWAS has been performed for the first time for detecting high-resolution QTL for resistance to fumonisin accumulation in maize kernels complementing published GWAS results for Fusarium ear rot. RESULTS Thirty-nine SNPs significantly associated with resistance to fumonisin accumulation in maize kernels were found and clustered into 17 QTL. Novel QTLs for fumonisin content would be at bins 3.02, 5.02, 7.05 and 8.07. Genes with annotated functions probably implicated in resistance to pathogens based on previous studies have been highlighted. CONCLUSIONS Breeding approaches to fix favorable functional variants for genes implicated in maize immune response signaling may be especially useful to reduce kernel contamination with fumonisins without significantly interfering in mycelia development and growth and, consequently, in the beneficial endophytic behavior of Fusarium verticillioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. F. Samayoa
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG - CSIC), Box 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
- Present address at department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - A. Cao
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG - CSIC), Box 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
- Facultad de Biología, Department Biología Vegetal y Ciencias del Suelo, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (BVE1-UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la MBG – CSIC, 36143 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - R. Santiago
- Facultad de Biología, Department Biología Vegetal y Ciencias del Suelo, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (BVE1-UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la MBG – CSIC, 36143 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - R. A. Malvar
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG - CSIC), Box 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
- Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (BVE1-UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la MBG – CSIC, 36143 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - A. Butrón
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG - CSIC), Box 28, 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
- Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (BVE1-UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la MBG – CSIC, 36143 Pontevedra, Spain
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Righetti L, Lucini L, Giorni P, Locatelli S, Dall'Asta C, Battilani P. Lipids as Key Markers in Maize Response to Fumonisin Accumulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4064-4070. [PMID: 30888165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present field study offers new insights into the role played by plant lipid pathways in the modulation of fumonisin accumulation in maize. Untargeted metabolomics was applied to better understand the multifactorial plant-pathogen-interaction mechanisms, including host resistance. Our results showed a significant influence from the hybrid genotype and the environmental growing conditions on fumonisin accumulation. A total of 25 significant metabolites have been identified, with glycerophospholipid and linoleic acid metabolism as the main pathways affected by the plant-pathogen interactions. This evidence highlighted the crucial role played by lipid signaling as an integrated part of the complex regulatory network in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Righetti
- Department of Food and Drug , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 95/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Via Emilia Parmense 84 , 29122 Piacenza , Italy
| | - Paola Giorni
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Via Emilia Parmense 84 , 29122 Piacenza , Italy
| | - Sabrina Locatelli
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops , Council for Agricultural Research and Economics , Via Stezzano 24 , 24126 Bergamo , Italy
| | - Chiara Dall'Asta
- Department of Food and Drug , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 95/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Paola Battilani
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Via Emilia Parmense 84 , 29122 Piacenza , Italy
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Morales L, Zila CT, Moreta Mejía DE, Montoya Arbelaez M, Balint-Kurti PJ, Holland JB, Nelson RJ. Diverse Components of Resistance to Fusarium verticillioides Infection and Fumonisin Contamination in Four Maize Recombinant Inbred Families. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E86. [PMID: 30717228 PMCID: PMC6410224 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus Fusarium verticillioides can infect maize ears, causing Fusarium ear rot (FER) and contaminating the grain with fumonisins (FUM), which are harmful to humans and animals. Breeding for resistance to FER and FUM and post-harvest sorting of grain are two strategies for reducing FUM in the food system. Kernel and cob tissues have been previously associated with differential FER and FUM. Four recombinant inbred line families from the maize nested associated mapping population were grown and inoculated with F. verticillioides across four environments, and we evaluated the kernels for external and internal infection severity as well as FUM contamination. We also employed publicly available phenotypes on innate ear morphology to explore genetic relationships between ear architecture and resistance to FER and FUM. The four families revealed wide variation in external symptomatology at the phenotypic level. Kernel bulk density under inoculation was an accurate indicator of FUM levels. Genotypes with lower kernel density-under both inoculated and uninoculated conditions-and larger cobs were more susceptible to infection and FUM contamination. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) intervals could be classified as putatively resistance-specific and putatively shared for ear and resistance traits. Both types of QTL mapped in this study had substantial overlap with previously reported loci for resistance to FER and FUM. Ear morphology may be a component of resistance to F. verticillioides infection and FUM accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Morales
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Charles T Zila
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
| | | | | | - Peter J Balint-Kurti
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
- Plant Science Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture⁻Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - James B Holland
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
- Plant Science Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture⁻Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Rebecca J Nelson
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Battilani P, Lanubile A, Scala V, Reverberi M, Gregori R, Falavigna C, Dall'asta C, Park Y, Bennett J, Borrego EJ, Kolomiets MV. Oxylipins from both pathogen and host antagonize jasmonic acid-mediated defence via the 9-lipoxygenase pathway in Fusarium verticillioides infection of maize. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:2162-2176. [PMID: 29660236 PMCID: PMC6638020 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins are a newly emerging group of signals that serve defence roles or promote virulence. To identify specific host and fungal genes and oxylipins governing the interactions between maize and Fusarium verticillioides, maize wild-type and lipoxygenase3 (lox3) mutant were inoculated with either F. verticillioides wild-type or linoleate-diol-synthase 1-deleted mutant (ΔFvlds1D). The results showed that lox3 mutants were more resistant to F. verticillioides. The reduced colonization on lox3 was associated with reduced fumonisin production and with a stronger and earlier induction of ZmLOX4, ZmLOX5 and ZmLOX12. In addition to the reported defence function of ZmLOX12, we showed that lox4 and lox5 mutants were more susceptible to F. verticillioides and possessed decreased jasmonate levels during infection, suggesting that these genes are essential for jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated defence. Oxylipin profiling revealed a dramatic reduction in fungal linoleate diol synthase 1 (LDS1)-derived oxylipins, especially 8-HpODE (8-hydroperoxyoctadecenoic acid), in infected lox3 kernels, indicating the importance of this molecule in virulence. Collectively, we make the following conclusions: (1) LOX3 is a major susceptibility factor induced by fungal LDS1-derived oxylipins to suppress JA-stimulating 9-LOXs; (2) LOX3-mediated signalling promotes the biosynthesis of virulence-promoting oxylipins in the fungus; and (3) both fungal LDS1- and host LOX3-produced oxylipins are essential for the normal infection and colonization processes of maize seed by F. verticillioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Battilani
- Department of Sustainable Crop ProductionUniversità Cattolica del Sacro Cuore29122 PiacenzaItaly
| | - Alessandra Lanubile
- Department of Sustainable Crop ProductionUniversità Cattolica del Sacro Cuore29122 PiacenzaItaly
| | - Valeria Scala
- CREA‐DC, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Research Center for Plant Protection and Certification00156 RomeItaly
| | - Massimo Reverberi
- Department of Environmental BiologyUniversity of Rome “Sapienza”00165 RomeItaly
| | - Rossella Gregori
- Department of Sustainable Crop ProductionUniversità Cattolica del Sacro Cuore29122 PiacenzaItaly
| | - Claudia Falavigna
- Department of Organic and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of Parma43124 ParmaItaly
| | - Chiara Dall'asta
- Department of Organic and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of Parma43124 ParmaItaly
| | - Yong‐Soon Park
- BK21 plus program, College of Biological Sciences and BiotechnologyChungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134South Korea
| | - John Bennett
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyTexas A&M University, College StationTX 77843‐2132USA
| | - Eli J. Borrego
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyTexas A&M University, College StationTX 77843‐2132USA
| | - Michael V. Kolomiets
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyTexas A&M University, College StationTX 77843‐2132USA
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13
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Dall’Asta C, Battilani P. Fumonisins and their modified forms, a matter of concern in future scenario? WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2016.2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Masked mycotoxins are found in grains and derived foods as a result of plant phase II metabolism. Recently, masked mycotoxins senso strictu, together with other covalently or non-covalently conjugated forms, even formed upon processing, have been classified as modified mycotoxins. In this context, the issue of modified fumonisins is of great interest, on account of the wide range of factors affecting their formation and accumulation in maize pre- and postharvest. Fumonisins, indeed, may undergo modification in plants, along the growing season, but also during storage and drying of maize kernels, and upon processing. All these modifications strongly affect the analytical outcome, thus making more difficult the assessment of maize compliance. Since the ratio between free and modified fumonisins is affected by maize composition and environmental factors, a deeper knowledge on the phenomena driving the production and accumulation of free and modified forms in plants may support the selection of resistant hybrids. This review provides a critical picture of the state of the art on this topic, mainly focusing on those events occurring in field, identified as crucial in determining amount and partitioning of contamination. Nevertheless, knowledge on modified fumonisins is still in its dawn, on account of the wide range of factors involved. Anyway, reported results, taking altogether, clearly indicate that modified fumonisins should be included in the monitoring plans to have an overview of the possible contribution to human exposure. Furthermore, next efforts should focus on the events occurring in field and on the cross-talk between the plant and the fungus, to support the identification of resistant hybrids and to provide data for predictive models, the most suitable tool to forecast what is going to happens in the future changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Dall’Asta
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - P. Battilani
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
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Giorni P, Bertuzzi T, Battilani P. Aflatoxin in maize, a multifaceted answer of Aspergillus flavus governed by weather, host-plant and competitor fungi. J Cereal Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Kettle AJ, Carere J, Batley J, Manners JM, Kazan K, Gardiner DM. The Fdb3 transcription factor of the Fusarium Detoxification of Benzoxazolinone gene cluster is required for MBOA but not BOA degradation in Fusarium pseudograminearum. Fungal Genet Biol 2016; 88:44-53. [PMID: 26828593 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A number of cereals produce the benzoxazolinone class of phytoalexins. Fusarium species pathogenic towards these hosts can typically degrade these compounds via an aminophenol intermediate, and the ability to do so is encoded by a group of genes found in the Fusarium Detoxification of Benzoxazolinone (FDB) cluster. A zinc finger transcription factor encoded by one of the FDB cluster genes (FDB3) has been proposed to regulate the expression of other genes in the cluster and hence is potentially involved in benzoxazolinone degradation. Herein we show that Fdb3 is essential for the ability of Fusarium pseudograminearum to efficiently detoxify the predominant wheat benzoxazolinone, 6-methoxy-benzoxazolin-2-one (MBOA), but not benzoxazoline-2-one (BOA). Furthermore, additional genes thought to be part of the FDB gene cluster, based upon transcriptional response to benzoxazolinones, are regulated by Fdb3. However, deletion mutants for these latter genes remain capable of benzoxazolinone degradation, suggesting that they are not essential for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Kettle
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Agriculture, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia; University of Queensland (UQ), School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Jason Carere
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Agriculture, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- University of Queensland (UQ), School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia; University of Western Australia, School of Plant Biology, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - John M Manners
- CSIRO Agriculture, Black Mountain, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Kemal Kazan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Agriculture, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia; UQ, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Donald M Gardiner
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Agriculture, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia.
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Giorni P, Dall'Asta C, Reverberi M, Scala V, Ludovici M, Cirlini M, Galaverna G, Fanelli C, Battilani P. Open Field Study of Some Zea mays Hybrids, Lipid Compounds and Fumonisins Accumulation. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:3657-70. [PMID: 26378580 PMCID: PMC4591652 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7093657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid molecules are increasingly recognized as signals exchanged by organisms interacting in pathogenic and/or symbiotic ways. Some classes of lipids actively determine the fate of the interactions. Host cuticle/cell wall/membrane components such as sphingolipids and oxylipins may contribute to determining the fate of host-pathogen interactions. In the present field study, we considered the relationship between specific sphingolipids and oxylipins of different hybrids of Zea mays and fumonisin by F. verticillioides, sampling ears at different growth stages from early dough to fully ripe. The amount of total and free fumonisin differed significantly between hybrids and increased significantly with maize ripening. Oxylipins and phytoceramides changed significantly within the hybrids and decreased with kernel maturation, starting from physiological maturity. Although the correlation between fumonisin accumulation and plant lipid profile is certain, the data collected so far cannot define a cause-effect relationship but open up new perspectives. Therefore, the question-"Does fumonisin alter plant lipidome or does plant lipidome modulate fumonisin accumulation?"-is still open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Giorni
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza 29100, Italy.
| | - Chiara Dall'Asta
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma 43124, Italy.
| | - Massimo Reverberi
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università Sapienza, P. le Aldo Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy.
| | - Valeria Scala
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università Sapienza, P. le Aldo Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy.
| | - Matteo Ludovici
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università Sapienza, P. le Aldo Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy.
| | - Martina Cirlini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma 43124, Italy.
| | - Gianni Galaverna
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma 43124, Italy.
| | - Corrado Fanelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università Sapienza, P. le Aldo Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy.
| | - Paola Battilani
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza 29100, Italy.
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17
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Maschietto V, Marocco A, Malachova A, Lanubile A. Resistance to Fusarium verticillioides and fumonisin accumulation in maize inbred lines involves an earlier and enhanced expression of lipoxygenase (LOX) genes. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 188:9-18. [PMID: 26398628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides causes ear rot in maize and contaminates the kernels with the fumonisin mycotoxins. It is known that plant lipoxygenase (LOX)-derived oxylipins regulate defence against pathogens and that the host-pathogen lipid cross-talk influences the pathogenesis. The expression profiles of fifteen genes of the LOX pathway were studied in kernels of resistant and susceptible maize lines, grown in field condition, at 3, 7 and 14 days post inoculation (dpi) with F. verticillioides. Plant defence responses were correlated with the pathogen growth, the expression profiles of fungal FUM genes for fumonisin biosynthesis and fumonisin content in the kernels. The resistant genotype limited fungal growth and fumonisin accumulation between 7 and 14 dpi. Pathogen growth became exponential in the susceptible line after 7 dpi, in correspondence with massive transcription of FUM genes and fumonisins augmented exponentially at 14 dpi. LOX pathway genes resulted strongly induced after pathogen inoculation in the resistant line at 3 and 7 dpi, whilst in the susceptible line the induction was reduced or delayed at 14 dpi. In addition, all genes resulted overexpressed before infection in kernels of the resistant genotype already at 3 dpi. The results suggest that resistance in maize may depend on an earlier activation of LOX genes and genes for jasmonic acid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Maschietto
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Adriano Marocco
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Alexandra Malachova
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Alessandra Lanubile
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
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Santiago R, Cao A, Butrón A. Genetic Factors Involved in Fumonisin Accumulation in Maize Kernels and Their Implications in Maize Agronomic Management and Breeding. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:3267-96. [PMID: 26308050 PMCID: PMC4549750 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7083267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination of maize with fumonisins depends on the environmental conditions; the maize resistance to contamination and the interaction between both factors. Although the effect of environmental factors is a determinant for establishing the risk of kernel contamination in a region, there is sufficient genetic variability among maize to develop resistance to fumonisin contamination and to breed varieties with contamination at safe levels. In addition, ascertaining which environmental factors are the most important in a region will allow the implementation of risk monitoring programs and suitable cultural practices to reduce the impact of such environmental variables. The current paper reviews all works done to address the influence of environmental variables on fumonisin accumulation, the genetics of maize resistance to fumonisin accumulation, and the search for the biochemical and/or structural mechanisms of the maize plant that could be involved in resistance to fumonisin contamination. We also explore the outcomes of breeding programs and risk monitoring of undertaken projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio Santiago
- Facultad de Biología, Dpt Biología Vegetal y Ciencias del Suelo, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo 36310, Spain.
- Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pontevedra 36143, Spain.
| | - Ana Cao
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Box 28, Pontevedra 36080, Spain.
| | - Ana Butrón
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Box 28, Pontevedra 36080, Spain.
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Scala V, Giorni P, Cirlini M, Ludovici M, Visentin I, Cardinale F, Fabbri AA, Fanelli C, Reverberi M, Battilani P, Galaverna G, Dall'Asta C. LDS1-produced oxylipins are negative regulators of growth, conidiation and fumonisin synthesis in the fungal maize pathogen Fusarium verticillioides. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:669. [PMID: 25566199 PMCID: PMC4263177 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are fatty acid-derived signaling compounds produced by all eukaryotes so far investigated; in mycotoxigenic fungi, they modulate toxin production and interactions with the host plants. Among the many enzymes responsible for oxylipin generation, Linoleate Diol Synthase 1 (LDS1) produces mainly 8-hydroperoxyoctadecenoic acid and subsequently different di-hydroxyoctadecenoic acids. In this study, we inactivated a copy of the putative LDS1 ortholog (acc. N. FVEG_09294.3) of Fusarium verticillioides, with the aim to investigate its influence on the oxylipin profile of the fungus, on its development, secondary metabolism and virulence. LC-MS/MS oxylipin profiling carried out on the selected mutant strain revealed significant quali-quantitative differences for several oxylipins when compared to the WT strain. The Fvlds1-deleted mutant grew better, produced more conidia, synthesized more fumonisins and infected maize cobs faster than the WT strain. We hypothesize that oxylipins may act as regulators of gene expression in the toxigenic plant pathogen F. verticillioides, in turn causing notable changes in its phenotype. These changes could relate to the ability of oxylipins to re-shape the transcriptional profile of F. verticillioides by inducing chromatin modifications and exerting a direct control on the transcription of secondary metabolism in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Scala
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome "Sapienza" Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Giorni
- Istituto di Entomologia e Patologia Vegetale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Piacenza, Italy
| | - Martina Cirlini
- Food Chemistry and Natural Substances Unit, Department of Organic and Industrial Chemistry, University of Parma Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Ludovici
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome "Sapienza" Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Visentin
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Science, University of Turin Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Cardinale
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Science, University of Turin Torino, Italy
| | - Anna A Fabbri
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome "Sapienza" Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Fanelli
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome "Sapienza" Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Reverberi
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome "Sapienza" Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Battilani
- Istituto di Entomologia e Patologia Vegetale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gianni Galaverna
- Food Chemistry and Natural Substances Unit, Department of Organic and Industrial Chemistry, University of Parma Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Dall'Asta
- Food Chemistry and Natural Substances Unit, Department of Organic and Industrial Chemistry, University of Parma Parma, Italy
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20
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Scientific Opinion on the risks for human and animal health related to the presence of modified forms of certain mycotoxins in food and feed. EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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21
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Ludovici M, Ialongo C, Reverberi M, Beccaccioli M, Scarpari M, Scala V. Quantitative profiling of oxylipins through comprehensive LC-MS/MS analysis of Fusarium verticillioides and maize kernels. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:2026-33. [PMID: 25255035 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.968810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides is one of the most important fungal pathogens causing ear and stalk rot in maize, even if frequently asymptomatic, producing a harmful series of compounds named fumonisins. Plant and fungal oxylipins play a crucial role in determining the outcome of the interaction between the pathogen and its host. Moreover, oxylipins result as signals able to modulate the secondary metabolism in fungi. In keeping with this, a novel, quantitative LC-MS/MS method was designed to quantify up to 17 different oxylipins produced by F. verticillioides and maize kernels. By applying this method, we were able to quantify oxylipin production in vitro - F. verticillioides grown into Czapek-Dox/yeast extract medium amended with 0.2% w/v of cracked maize - and in vivo, i.e. during its growth on detached mature maize ears. This study pinpoints the role of oxylipins in a plant pathogen such as F. verticillioides and sets up a novel tool aimed at understanding the role oxylipins play in mycotoxigenic pathogens during their interactions with respective hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ludovici
- a Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale , Università Sapienza , Rome , Italy
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Dall’Asta C, Mangia M, Berthiller F, Molinelli A, Sulyok M, Schuhmacher R, Krska R, Galaverna G, Dossena A, Marchelli R. Difficulties in fumonisin determination: the issue of hidden fumonisins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:1335-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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