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Hoheneder F, Steidele CE, Messerer M, Mayer KFX, Köhler N, Wurmser C, Heß M, Gigl M, Dawid C, Stam R, Hückelhoven R. Barley shows reduced Fusarium head blight under drought and modular expression of differentially expressed genes under combined stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6820-6835. [PMID: 37668551 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants often face simultaneous abiotic and biotic stress conditions; however, physiological and transcriptional responses under such combined stress conditions are still not fully understood. Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) is susceptible to Fusarium head blight (FHB), which is strongly affected by weather conditions. We therefore studied the potential influence of drought on FHB severity and plant responses in three varieties of different susceptibility. We found strongly reduced FHB severity in susceptible varieties under drought. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and strength of transcriptomic regulation reflected the concentrations of physiological stress markers such as abscisic acid or fungal DNA contents. Infection-related gene expression was associated with susceptibility rather than resistance. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed 18 modules of co-expressed genes that reflected the pathogen- or drought-response in the three varieties. A generally infection-related module contained co-expressed genes for defence, programmed cell death, and mycotoxin detoxification, indicating that the diverse genotypes used a similar defence strategy towards FHB, albeit with different degrees of success. Further, DEGs showed co-expression in drought- or genotype-associated modules that correlated with measured phytohormones or the osmolyte proline. The combination of drought stress with infection led to the highest numbers of DEGs and resulted in a modular composition of the single-stress responses rather than a specific transcriptional output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hoheneder
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann Str. 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Christina E Steidele
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann Str. 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Maxim Messerer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus F X Mayer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Köhler
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann Str. 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof Forum 3, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Christine Wurmser
- Chair of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3/I, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Michael Heß
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann Str. 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Michael Gigl
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Remco Stam
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann Str. 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Institute of Phytopathology, Christian Albrecht University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralph Hückelhoven
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, HEF World Agricultural Systems Center, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann Str. 2, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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2
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Haile JK, Sertse D, N’Diaye A, Klymiuk V, Wiebe K, Ruan Y, Chawla HS, Henriquez MA, Wang L, Kutcher HR, Steiner B, Buerstmayr H, Pozniak CJ. Multi-locus genome-wide association studies reveal the genetic architecture of Fusarium head blight resistance in durum wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1182548. [PMID: 37900749 PMCID: PMC10601657 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1182548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Durum wheat is more susceptible to Fusarium head blight (FHB) than other types or classes of wheat. The disease is one of the most devastating in wheat; it reduces yield and end-use quality and contaminates the grain with fungal mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON). A panel of 265 Canadian and European durum wheat cultivars, as well as breeding and experimental lines, were tested in artificially inoculated field environments (2019-2022, inclusive) and two greenhouse trials (2019 and 2020). The trials were assessed for FHB severity and incidence, visual rating index, Fusarium-damaged kernels, DON accumulation, anthesis or heading date, maturity date, and plant height. In addition, yellow pigment and protein content were analyzed for the 2020 field season. To capture loci underlying FHB resistance and related traits, GWAS was performed using single-locus and several multi-locus models, employing 13,504 SNPs. Thirty-one QTL significantly associated with one or more FHB-related traits were identified, of which nine were consistent across environments and associated with multiple FHB-related traits. Although many of the QTL were identified in regions previously reported to affect FHB, the QTL QFhb-3B.2, associated with FHB severity, incidence, and DON accumulation, appears to be novel. We developed KASP markers for six FHB-associated QTL that were consistently detected across multiple environments and validated them on the Global Durum Panel (GDP). Analysis of allelic diversity and the frequencies of these revealed that the lines in the GDP harbor between zero and six resistance alleles. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the genetic basis of FHB resistance and DON accumulation in durum wheat. Accessions with multiple favorable alleles were identified and will be useful genetic resources to improve FHB resistance in durum breeding programs through marker-assisted recurrent selection and gene stacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemanesh K. Haile
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Demissew Sertse
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Amidou N’Diaye
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Valentyna Klymiuk
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Krystalee Wiebe
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Yuefeng Ruan
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Harmeet S. Chawla
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Maria-Antonia Henriquez
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Lipu Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Hadley R. Kutcher
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Barbara Steiner
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Tulln, Austria
| | - Hermann Buerstmayr
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Tulln, Austria
| | - Curtis J. Pozniak
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Garcia-Abadillo J, Morales L, Buerstmayr H, Michel S, Lillemo M, Holzapfel J, Hartl L, Akdemir D, Carvalho HF, Isidro-Sánchez J. Alternative scoring methods of fusarium head blight resistance for genomic assisted breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1057914. [PMID: 36714712 PMCID: PMC9876611 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1057914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a fungal disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum.L) that causes yield losses and produces mycotoxins which could easily exceed the limits of the EU regulations. Resistance to FHB has a complex genetic architecture and accurate evaluation in breeding programs is key to selecting resistant varieties. The Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) is one of the commonly metric used as a standard methodology to score FHB. Although efficient, AUDPC requires significant costs in phenotyping to cover the entire disease development pattern. Here, we show that there are more efficient alternatives to AUDPC (angle, growing degree days to reach 50% FHB severity, and FHB maximum variance) that reduce the number of field assessments required and allow for fair comparisons between unbalanced evaluations across trials. Furthermore, we found that the evaluation method that captures the maximum variance in FHB severity across plots is the most optimal approach for scoring FHB. In addition, results obtained on experimental data were validated on a simulated experiment where the disease progress curve was modeled as a sigmoid curve with known parameters and assessment protocols were fully controlled. Results show that alternative metrics tested in this study captured key components of quantitative plant resistance. Moreover, the new metrics could be a starting point for more accurate methods for measuring FHB in the field. For example, the optimal interval for FHB evaluation could be predicted using prior knowledge from historical weather data and FHB scores from previous trials. Finally, the evaluation methods presented in this study can reduce the FHB phenotyping burden in plant breeding with minimal losses on signal detection, resulting in a response variable available to use in data-driven analysis such as genome-wide association studies or genomic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Garcia-Abadillo
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Biology - Centre for Biotechnology and Plant Genomics (CBGP) - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - L. Morales
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - H. Buerstmayr
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - S. Michel
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - M. Lillemo
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | | | - L. Hartl
- Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Freising, Germany
| | - D. Akdemir
- CIBMTR (Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research), National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - H. F. Carvalho
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Biology - Centre for Biotechnology and Plant Genomics (CBGP) - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Isidro-Sánchez
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Biology - Centre for Biotechnology and Plant Genomics (CBGP) - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
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Nannuru VKR, Windju SS, Belova T, Dieseth JA, Alsheikh M, Dong Y, McCartney CA, Henriques MA, Buerstmayr H, Michel S, Meuwissen THE, Lillemo M. Genetic architecture of fusarium head blight disease resistance and associated traits in Nordic spring wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:2247-2263. [PMID: 35597885 PMCID: PMC9271104 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study identified a significant number of QTL that are associated with FHB disease resistance in NMBU spring wheat panel by conducting genome-wide association study. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a widely known devastating disease of wheat caused by Fusarium graminearum and other Fusarium species. FHB resistance is quantitative, highly complex and divided into several resistance types. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) that are effective against several of the resistance types give valuable contributions to resistance breeding. A spring wheat panel of 300 cultivars and breeding lines of Nordic and exotic origins was tested in artificially inoculated field trials and subjected to visual FHB assessment in the years 2013-2015, 2019 and 2020. Deoxynivalenol (DON) content was measured on harvested grain samples, and anther extrusion (AE) was assessed in separate trials. Principal component analysis based on 35 and 25 K SNP arrays revealed the existence of two subgroups, dividing the panel into European and exotic lines. We employed a genome-wide association study to detect QTL associated with FHB traits and identify marker-trait associations that consistently influenced FHB resistance. A total of thirteen QTL were identified showing consistent effects across FHB resistance traits and environments. Haplotype analysis revealed a highly significant QTL on 7A, Qfhb.nmbu.7A.2, which was further validated on an independent set of breeding lines. Breeder-friendly KASP markers were developed for this QTL that can be used in marker-assisted selection. The lines in the wheat panel harbored from zero to five resistance alleles, and allele stacking showed that resistance can be significantly increased by combining several of these resistance alleles. This information enhances breeders´ possibilities for genomic prediction and to breed cultivars with improved FHB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tatiana Belova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318, Blindern, Norway
| | | | | | - Yanhong Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Curt A McCartney
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Maria Antonia Henriques
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Hermann Buerstmayr
- Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, Department of Agrobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Sebastian Michel
- Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, Department of Agrobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Theodorus H E Meuwissen
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Morten Lillemo
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway.
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Laurent B, Moinard M, Spataro C, Chéreau S, Zehraoui E, Blanc R, Lasserre P, Ponts N, Foulongne-Oriol M. QTL mapping in Fusarium graminearum identified an allele of FgVe1 involved in reduced aggressiveness. Fungal Genet Biol 2021; 153:103566. [PMID: 33991664 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2021.103566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is one of the most frequent causal agents of the Fusarium Head Blight, a cereal disease spread throughout the world, reducing grain production and quality. F. graminearum isolates are genetically and phenotypically highly diverse. Notably, remarkable variations of aggressiveness between isolates have been observed, which could reflect an adaptive potential of this pathogen. In this study, we aimed to characterize the genetic basis of aggressiveness variation observed in an F1 population (n = 94), for which genome sequences of both parental strains are available. Aggressiveness was assessed by a panel of in planta and in vitro proxies during two phenotyping trials including, among others, disease severity and mycotoxin accumulation in wheat spike. One major and single QTL was mapped for all the traits measured, on chromosome I, that explained up to 90% of the variance for disease severity. The confidence interval at the QTL spanned 1.2 Mb and contained 428 genes on the reference genome. Of these, four candidates were selected based on the postulate that a non-synonymous mutation affecting protein function may be responsible for phenotypic differences. Finally, a new mutation was identified and functionally validated in the gene FgVe1, coding for a velvet protein known to be involved in pathogenicity and secondary metabolism production in several fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Enric Zehraoui
- INRAE, MycSA, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France; Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, EGFV, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Richard Blanc
- INRAE, UCA, UMR 1095 GDEC, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Nadia Ponts
- INRAE, MycSA, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Carmack WJ, Clark A, Dong Y, Brown-Guedira G, Van Sanford D. Optical Sorter-Based Selection Effectively Identifies Soft Red Winter Wheat Breeding Lines With Fhb1 and Enhances FHB Resistance in Lines With and Without Fhb1. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1318. [PMID: 32983207 PMCID: PMC7479218 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous results from our lab have shown that using an optical sorter to identify Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistant breeding lines was effective at reducing the toxin deoxynivalenol (DON) and FHB-associated kernel damage. In this paper we quantified the proportion of desirable genotypes at FHB resistance QTL in lines from three selection cycles of optical sorting. Breeding lines were genotyped at loci on chromosomes 3BS, 2DL, and 5A using the following DNA markers: TaHRC, CFD233, and GWM304. TaHRC is a KASP marker for Fhb1, a major FHB resistance QTL on chromosome 3BS. CFD233 is an SSR marker for Qfhs.nau-2DL on chromosome 2DL. GWM304 is an SSR marker for Qfhs.ifa-5A on chromosome 5A. Sorter selection was effective at identifying lines that had the resistant genotype at TaHRC; in other words, the sorter was able to identify lines with resistance alleles at Fhb1. The sorter was less effective at selecting for the resistant genotype at CFD233 and GWM304. However, the proportion of lines with resistant genotypes at GWM304 did increase with additional sorter selection, just not to the degree that was observed for the Fhb1-associated marker. The proportion of lines with resistant alleles at CFD233 did not show a consistent trend. In addition to increasing the proportion of lines with Fhb1 and Qfhs.ifa-5A each selection cycle, optical sorter-based mass selection enhanced FHB resistance in different marker genotype combinations evaluated in this study. For example, there were net reductions in DON and kernel damage after two cycles of sorter selection in 15X110601S07002, a line with Fhb1, with Qfhs.nau-2DL, and with Qfhs.ifa-5A; final C3 DON levels were 63% of the resistant check (KY02C-3005-25). Kernel damage was also reduced in 15X110601A08221 a line without Fhb1, without Qfhs.nau-2DL, and without Qfhs.ifa-5A. Our findings suggest the increased resistance observed in different marker genotype combinations was conferred by QTL other than Fhb1, QFhs.nau-2DL, and Qfhs.ifa-5, and validate our previous results that the optical sorter is effective at selecting FHB-resistant breeding material.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Jesse Carmack
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Anthony Clark
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yanhong Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Gina Brown-Guedira
- Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - David Van Sanford
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Verges VL, Lyerly J, Dong Y, Van Sanford DA. Training Population Design With the Use of Regional Fusarium Head Blight Nurseries to Predict Independent Breeding Lines for FHB Traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1083. [PMID: 32765564 PMCID: PMC7381120 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease in cereals around the world. Because it is quantitatively inherited and technically difficult to reproduce, breeding to increase resistance in wheat germplasm is difficult and slow. Genomic selection (GS) is a form of marker-assisted selection (MAS) that simultaneously estimates all locus, haplotype, or marker effects across the entire genome to calculate genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs). Since its inception, there have been many studies that demonstrate the utility of GS approaches to breeding for disease resistance in crops. In this study, the Uniform Northern (NUS) and Uniform Southern (SUS) soft red winter wheat scab nurseries (a total 452 lines) were evaluated as possible training populations (TP) to predict FHB traits in breeding lines of the UK (University of Kentucky) wheat breeding program. DON was best predicted by the SUS; Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK), FHB rating, and two indices, DSK index and DK index were best predicted by NUS. The highest prediction accuracies were obtained when the NUS and SUS were combined, reaching up to 0.5 for almost all traits except FHB rating. Highest prediction accuracies were obtained with bigger TP sizes (300-400) and there were not significant effects of TP optimization method for all traits, although at small TP size, the PEVmean algorithm worked better than other methods. To select for lines with tolerance to DON accumulation, a primary breeding target for many breeders, we compared selection based on DON BLUES with selection based on DON GEBVs, DSK GEBVs, and DK GEBVs. At selection intensities (SI) of 30-40%, DSK index showed the best performance with a 4-6% increase over direct selection for DON. Our results confirm the usefulness of regional nurseries as a source of lines to predict GEBVs for local breeding programs, and shows that an index that includes DON, together with FDK and FHB rating could be an excellent choice to identify lines with low DON content and an overall improved FHB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia L. Verges
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jeanette Lyerly
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Yanhong Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - David A. Van Sanford
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Ollier M, Talle V, Brisset AL, Le Bihan Z, Duerr S, Lemmens M, Goudemand E, Robert O, Hilbert JL, Buerstmayr H. QTL mapping and successful introgression of the spring wheat-derived QTL Fhb1 for Fusarium head blight resistance in three European triticale populations. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:457-477. [PMID: 31960090 PMCID: PMC6985197 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The spring wheat-derived QTL Fhb1 was successfully introgressed into triticale and resulted in significantly improved FHB resistance in the three triticale mapping populations. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major problem in cereal production particularly because of mycotoxin contaminations. Here we characterized the resistance to FHB in triticale breeding material harboring resistance factors from bread wheat. A highly FHB-resistant experimental line which derives from a triticale × wheat cross was crossed to several modern triticale cultivars. Three populations of recombinant inbred lines were generated and evaluated in field experiments for FHB resistance using spray inoculations during four seasons and were genotyped with genotyping-by-sequencing and SSR markers. FHB severity was assessed in the field by visual scorings and on the harvested grain samples using digital picture analysis for quantifying the whitened kernel surface (WKS). Four QTLs with major effects on FHB resistance were identified, mapping to chromosomes 2B, 3B, 5R, and 7A. Those QTLs were detectable with both Fusarium severity traits. Measuring of WKS allows easy and fast grain symptom quantification and appears as an effective scoring tool for FHB resistance. The QTL on 3B collocated with Fhb1, and the QTL on 5R with the dwarfing gene Ddw1. This is the first report demonstrating the successful introgression of Fhb1 into triticale. It comprises a significant step forward for enhancing FHB resistance in this crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Ollier
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
- EA 7394, USC INRA 1411, Institut Charles Viollette (ICV), Agro-Food and Biotechnology Research Institute, Université de Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, Cité Scientifique, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
- Florimond-Desprez Veuve & Fils SAS, 3 rue Florimond-Desprez, BP 41, 59242, Cappelle-en-Pévèle, France.
- Bayer Crop Science, Le petit Boissay, Toury, France.
| | - Vincent Talle
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Anne-Laure Brisset
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Zoé Le Bihan
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Simon Duerr
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- Saatzucht Donau GmbH & Co KG, Breeding Station, Reichersberg, Austria
| | - Marc Lemmens
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Ellen Goudemand
- Florimond-Desprez Veuve & Fils SAS, 3 rue Florimond-Desprez, BP 41, 59242, Cappelle-en-Pévèle, France
| | - Olivier Robert
- Florimond-Desprez Veuve & Fils SAS, 3 rue Florimond-Desprez, BP 41, 59242, Cappelle-en-Pévèle, France
| | - Jean-Louis Hilbert
- EA 7394, USC INRA 1411, Institut Charles Viollette (ICV), Agro-Food and Biotechnology Research Institute, Université de Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, Cité Scientifique, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Hermann Buerstmayr
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria
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Torres A, Palacios S, Yerkovich N, Palazzini J, Battilani P, Leslie J, Logrieco A, Chulze S. Fusarium head blight and mycotoxins in wheat: prevention and control strategies across the food chain. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2019.2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
With 744 million metric tons produced in 2017/2018, bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and durum wheat (Triticum durum) are the second most widely produced cereal on a global basis. Prevention or control of wheat diseases may have an enormous impact on global food security and safety. Fusarium head blight is an economically debilitating disease of wheat that reduces the quantity and quality of grain harvested, and may lead to contamination with the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol, which affects the health of humans and domesticated animals. Current climate change scenarios predict an increase in the number of epidemics caused by this disease. Multiple strategies are available for managing the disease including cultural practices, planting less-susceptible cultivars, crop rotation, and chemical and biological controls. None of these strategies, however, is completely effective by itself, and an integrated approach incorporating multiple controls simultaneously is the only effective strategy to limit the disease and reduce deoxynivalenol contamination in human food and animal feed chains. This review identifies the available tools and strategies for mitigating the damage that can result from Fusarium head blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.M. Torres
- Research Institute on Mycology and Mycotoxicology (IMICO), UNRC-CONICET, Ruta 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S.A. Palacios
- Research Institute on Mycology and Mycotoxicology (IMICO), UNRC-CONICET, Ruta 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - N. Yerkovich
- Research Institute on Mycology and Mycotoxicology (IMICO), UNRC-CONICET, Ruta 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J.M. Palazzini
- Research Institute on Mycology and Mycotoxicology (IMICO), UNRC-CONICET, Ruta 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - P. Battilani
- Institute of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - J.F. Leslie
- Department of Plant Pathology, 4024 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5502, USA
| | - A.F. Logrieco
- National Council of Research (CNR), Institute of the Science of Food Production (ISPA), via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - S.N. Chulze
- Research Institute on Mycology and Mycotoxicology (IMICO), UNRC-CONICET, Ruta 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
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10
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Foroud NA, Baines D, Gagkaeva TY, Thakor N, Badea A, Steiner B, Bürstmayr M, Bürstmayr H. Trichothecenes in Cereal Grains - An Update. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E634. [PMID: 31683661 PMCID: PMC6891312 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichothecenes are sesquiterpenoid mycotoxins produced by fungi from the order Hypocreales, including members of the Fusarium genus that infect cereal grain crops. Different trichothecene-producing Fusarium species and strains have different trichothecene chemotypes belonging to the Type A and B class. These fungi cause a disease of small grain cereals, called Fusarium head blight, and their toxins contaminate host tissues. As potent inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis, trichothecenes pose a health risk to human and animal consumers of infected cereal grains. In 2009, Foroud and Eudes published a review of trichothecenes in cereal grains for human consumption. As an update to this review, the work herein provides a comprehensive and multi-disciplinary review of the Fusarium trichothecenes covering topics in chemistry and biochemistry, pathogen biology, trichothecene toxicity, molecular mechanisms of resistance or detoxification, genetics of resistance and breeding strategies to reduce their contamination of wheat and barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A Foroud
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada.
| | - Danica Baines
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada.
| | - Tatiana Y Gagkaeva
- Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection (VIZR), St. Petersburg, Pushkin 196608, Russia.
| | - Nehal Thakor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
| | - Ana Badea
- Brandon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, MB R7A 5Y3, Canada.
| | - Barbara Steiner
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln 3430, Austria.
| | - Maria Bürstmayr
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln 3430, Austria.
| | - Hermann Bürstmayr
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln 3430, Austria.
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11
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Tucker JR, Badea A, Blagden R, Pleskach K, Tittlemier SA, Fernando WGD. Deoxynivalenol-3-Glucoside Content Is Highly Associated with Deoxynivalenol Levels in Two-Row Barley Genotypes of Importance to Canadian Barley Breeding Programs. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E319. [PMID: 31195591 PMCID: PMC6628427 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11060319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a multipurpose crop that can be harvested as grain or cut prior to maturity for use as forage. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of barley that reduces quality of grain. FHB can also result in the accumulation of mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON). Breeding FHB resistant varieties has been a long-term goal of many barley-producing countries, including Canada. While the genetic basis of DON detoxification via production of less-phytotoxic conjugates such as DON-3-glucoside (DON3G) is well documented in barley, little information exists in reference to varietal response. Over two years, 16 spring, two-row barley genotypes, of importance to western Canadian barley breeding programs, were grown as short-rows and inoculated following spike emergence with a Fusarium graminearum conidia suspension. Half of the plots were harvested at soft dough stage and then dissected into rachis and grain components, whereas the remainder was harvested at maturity. Multiple Fusarium-mycotoxins were assayed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mycotoxin content was elevated at the earlier harvest point, especially in the rachis tissue. DON3G constituted a significant percentage (26%) of total trichothecene content and thus its co-occurrence with DON should be considered by barley industries. DON3G was highly correlated with DON and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3ADON). The ratio of D3G/DON exhibited consistency across genotypes, however more-resistant genotypes were characterized by a higher ratio at the soft-dough stage followed by a decrease at maturity. Plant breeding practices that use DON content as a biomarker for resistance would likely result in the development of barley cultivars with lower total DON-like compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Tucker
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon Research and Development Centre, 2701 Grand Valley Road, P.O. Box 1000A, R.R. 3, Brandon, MB R7A 5Y3, Canada.
- Department of Plant Science, 66 Dafoe Road, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Ana Badea
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon Research and Development Centre, 2701 Grand Valley Road, P.O. Box 1000A, R.R. 3, Brandon, MB R7A 5Y3, Canada.
| | - Richard Blagden
- Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, 303 Main St., Winnipeg, MB R3C 3G8, Canada.
| | - Kerri Pleskach
- Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, 303 Main St., Winnipeg, MB R3C 3G8, Canada.
| | - Sheryl A Tittlemier
- Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, 303 Main St., Winnipeg, MB R3C 3G8, Canada.
| | - W G Dilantha Fernando
- Department of Plant Science, 66 Dafoe Road, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Spaggiari M, Righetti L, Galaverna G, Giordano D, Scarpino V, Blandino M, Dall’Asta C. HR-MS profiling and distribution of native and modified Fusarium mycotoxins in tritordeum, wheat and barley whole grains and corresponding pearled fractions. J Cereal Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Zhu B, Chen LB, Lu M, Zhang J, Han J, Deng WW, Zhang ZZ. Caffeine Content and Related Gene Expression: Novel Insight into Caffeine Metabolism in Camellia Plants Containing Low, Normal, and High Caffeine Concentrations. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3400-3411. [PMID: 30830771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine is a crucial secondary metabolic product in tea plants. Although the presence of caffeine in tea plants has been identified, the molecular mechanisms regulating relevant caffeine metabolism remain unclear. For the elucidation of the caffeine biosynthesis and catabolism in Camellia plants, fresh, germinated leaves from four Camellia plants with low (2), normal (1), and high (1) caffeine concentrations, namely, low-caffeine tea 1 (LCT1, Camellia crassicolumna), low-caffeine tea 2 (LCT2, C. crassicolumna), Shuchazao (SCZ, C. sinensis), and Yunkang 43 (YK43, C. sinensis) were used in this research. Transcriptome and purine alkaloids analyses of these Camellia leaves were performed using RNA-Seq and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Moreover, 15N-caffeine tracing was performed to determine the metabolic fate of caffeine in leaves of these plants. Caffeine content was correlated with related gene expression levels, and a quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR analysis of specific genes showed a consistent tendency with the obtained transcriptomic analysis. On the basis of the results of stable isotope-labeled tracer experiments, we discovered a degradation pathway of caffeine to theobromine. These findings could assist researchers in understanding the caffeine-related mechanisms in Camellia plants containing low, normal, and high caffeine content and be applied to caffeine regulation and breeding improvement in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , China
| | - Lin-Bo Chen
- Tea Research Institute , Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Menghai , Yunnan 666201 , China
| | - Mengqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , China
| | - Jieyun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , China
| | - Wei-Wei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , China
| | - Zheng-Zhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , China
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14
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Venske E, dos Santos RS, Farias DDR, Rother V, da Maia LC, Pegoraro C, Costa de Oliveira A. Meta-Analysis of the QTLome of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Bread Wheat: Refining the Current Puzzle. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:727. [PMID: 31263469 PMCID: PMC6585393 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is a worldwide devastating disease of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Genetic resistance is the most effective way to control FHB and many QTL related to this trait have been mapped on the wheat genetic map. This information, however, must be refined to be more efficiently used in breeding programs and for the advance of the basic research. The objective of the present study was to in-depth analyze the QTLome of FHB resistance in bread wheat, further integrating genetic, genomic, and transcriptomic data, aiming to find candidate genes. Methods: An exhaustive bibliographic review on 76 scientific papers was carried out collecting information about QTL related to FHB resistance mapped on bread wheat. A dense genetic consensus map with 572,862 loci was generated for QTL projection. Meta-analysis could be performed on 323 QTL. Candidate gene mining was carried out within the most refined loci, containing genes that were cross-validated with publicly available transcriptional expression data of wheat under Fusarium infection. Most highlighted genes were investigated for protein evidence. Results: A total of 556 QTL were found in the literature, distributed on all sub-genomes and chromosomes of wheat. Meta-analysis generated 65 meta-QTL, and this refinement allows one to find markers more tightly linked to these regions. Candidate gene mining within the most refined meta-QTL, meta-QTL 1/chr. 3B, harvested 324 genes and transcriptional data cross-validated 10 of these genes, as responsive to FHB. One is of these genes encodes a Glycosiltransferase and the other encodes for a Cytochrome P450, and these such proteins have already been verified as being responsible for FHB resistance, but the remaining eight genes still have to be further studied, as promising loci for breeding. Conclusions: The QTLome of FHB resistance in wheat was successfully assembled and a refinement in terms of number and length of loci was obtained. The integration of the QTLome with genomic and transcriptomic data has allowed for the discovery of promising candidate genes for use in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Venske
- Crop Science Department, Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Eliseu Maciel School of Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel da Rosa Farias
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Catarinense (IFC), Araquari, Brazil
| | - Vianei Rother
- Crop Science Department, Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Eliseu Maciel School of Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Luciano Carlos da Maia
- Crop Science Department, Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Eliseu Maciel School of Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Camila Pegoraro
- Crop Science Department, Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Eliseu Maciel School of Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Antonio Costa de Oliveira
- Crop Science Department, Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Eliseu Maciel School of Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Antonio Costa de Oliveira
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15
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Lemmens M, Steiner B, Sulyok M, Nicholson P, Mesterhazy A, Buerstmayr H. Masked mycotoxins: does breeding for enhanced Fusarium head blight resistance result in more deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in new wheat varieties? WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2015.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
From economic and environmental points of view, enhancing resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat is regarded as the best option to reduce fungal colonisation and the concomitant mycotoxin contamination. This review focuses on the effect of FHB resistance on deoxynivalenol (DON) and the masked metabolite deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON-3-glucoside) in wheat. Based on published information complemented with our own results we draw the following conclusions: (1) All investigated wheat cultivars can convert DON to DON-3-glucoside. Hence, detoxification of DON to DON-3-glucoside is not a new trait introduced by recent resistance breeding against FHB. (2) The amount of DON-3-glucoside relative to DON contamination can be substantial (up to 35%) and is among other things dependent on genetic and environmental factors. (3) Correlation analyses showed a highly significant relationship between the amount of FHB symptoms and DON contamination: breeding for FHB resistance reduces DON contamination. (4) DON contamination data are highly correlated with DON-3-glucoside concentration data: in other words, reduction of DON content through resistance breeding results in a concomitant reduction in DON-3-glucoside content. (5) The DON-3-glucoside/DON ratio increases with decreasing DON contamination: the most resistant lines with the lowest DON contamination show the highest relative level of DON-3-glucoside to DON. In summary, introgressing FHB resistance reduces both DON and DON-3-glucoside levels in the grain, but the reduction is lower for the masked toxin. DON-3-glucoside can represent a possible hazard to human and animal health, especially in wheat samples contaminated with DON close to permitted limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lemmens
- Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Department IFA-Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - B. Steiner
- Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Department IFA-Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - M. Sulyok
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Department IFA-Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - P. Nicholson
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - A. Mesterhazy
- Cereal Research non-profit Ltd., 6701 Szeged, P.O. Box 391, Hungary
| | - H. Buerstmayr
- Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Department IFA-Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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16
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Foreword. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2015.x004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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