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Agüera EI, Requena L, García-Moreno MB, Pérez-Priego MA, Requena F. Promotion of Pregnant Merino Ewes' Welfare with the Introduction of a Drought- and High-Temperature-Resistant Cereal into Their Diet: Analysis of Tritordeum Meadow. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3155. [PMID: 37835760 PMCID: PMC10571576 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tritordeum is a new cereal resistant to drought and high temperatures, and it is a very healthy crop. The aim of this study was to compare two different diets (tritordeum meadow vs. oat meadow) for grazing pregnant ewes to determine if there was any effect on the objective physiological indicators of animal welfare. A total of 150 pregnant Merino ewes (3-5 years) were randomly divided into two groups (n = 75 each) to be fed with two different meadows, being evaluated during the spring season. Red blood cells count, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, white blood cell count, neutrophiles/lymphocytes ratio, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine phosphokinase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, cortisol, total plasma proteins, albumin, globulins, albumin/globulins ratio, alkaline phosphatase, glutamate dehydrogenase, IgA, and IgG were determined. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the welfare of pregnant ewes fed with tritordeum meadow was better than that of pregnant ewes fed with oat meadow. Tritordeum meadow had a positive influence on the physiological parameters of animal welfare studied in pregnant Merino ewes. Therefore, tritordeum meadow can be considered a functional feed, as it has a beneficial effect on health beyond its basic nutritional value. Farmers are recommended to feed a cereal such as tritordeum grassland to their sheep, as it not only ensures that the animals benefit from all the nutrients, but also prevents diseases and improves their quality of life. In addition, the cereal's resistance to fungal diseases makes it suitable for use in sustainable production systems with a reduced environmental footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estrella I. Agüera
- Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Cordoba, Campus of Rabanales, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; (E.I.A.); (L.R.); (F.R.)
| | - Lucía Requena
- Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Cordoba, Campus of Rabanales, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; (E.I.A.); (L.R.); (F.R.)
| | - María B. García-Moreno
- Statistics and Econometrics Department, University of Cordoba, Agri-Food Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Pérez-Priego
- Statistics and Econometrics Department, University of Cordoba, Agri-Food Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Requena
- Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Cordoba, Campus of Rabanales, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; (E.I.A.); (L.R.); (F.R.)
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Zhu Q, Xie P, Li H, Blachier F, Yin Y, Kong X. Dynamic Changes of Metabolite Profiles in Maternal Biofluids During Gestation Period in Huanjiang Mini-Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:636943. [PMID: 34295931 PMCID: PMC8290061 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.636943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The biochemical parameters related to nitrogenous metabolism in maternal biofluids may be linked and even reflect the fetal metabolism and growth. The present study have measured the concentrations of various parameters related to amino acid (AA) and lipid metabolism, as well as different metabolites including the free AAs in maternal plasma and amniotic and allantoic fluid corresponding to fetuses with different body weight (BW) during different gestation periods, in order to identify the possible relationships between biochemical parameters and fetal growth. A total of 24 primiparous Huanjiang mini-pigs were fed with a standard diet. Data showed that, from day 45 to day 110 of gestation, the maternal plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin (ALB), Ile, Orn, Car, α-ABA, and β-AiBA increased (P < 0.05); while the levels of ammonia (AMM), choline esterase (CHE), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), Leu, Glu, Cys, Asp, and Hypro decreased (P < 0.05). From day 45 to 110 of gestation, the amniotic fluid levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), CHE, total protein (TP), and urea nitrogen (UN) increased (P < 0.05), as well as the level of CHE and TP and concentration of Pro in allantoic fluid; while the amniotic fluid concentrations of Arg, Glu, Orn, Pro, and Tau decreased (P < 0.05), as well as allantoic fluid concentrations of Arg and Glu. At day 45 of gestation, the amniotic fluid concentrations of Arg, Orn, and Tau corresponding to the highest BW (HBW) fetuses were higher (P < 0.05), whereas the allantoic fluid concentrations of His and Pro were lower (P < 0.05) when compared with the lowest BW (LBW) fetuses. At day 110 of gestation, the amniotic fluid concentration of Tau corresponding to the HBW fetuses was higher (P < 0.05) than the LBW fetuses. These findings show that the sows display increased protein utilization and decreased lipid metabolism and deposition from day 75 to 110 of gestation. In addition, our data are indicative of a likely stronger ability of HBW fetuses to metabolize protein; and finally of a possible key role of Arg, Gln, Glu, Pro, Tau, and His for the fetal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peifeng Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Francois Blachier
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Research Center of Mini-Pig, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangxi, China
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Okoye CN, Ugwu IA, Agina OA, Udeani IJ, Udoumoh AF, Ihedioha JI. Changes in the morphometry of the uterus, ovary, and foetus, and biochemistry of allantoic and amniotic membrane fluids of Yankasa ewes across the gestation period. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:375. [PMID: 34181121 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02838-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the uterine and fetal morphometric changes and fetal membrane fluids biochemistry across the gestation of Yankasa sheep. The amniotic and allantoic fluids are actively involved in the constant physiologic exchange between the fetus and maternal circulation. Hence, the knowledge regarding changes in the composition of fetal membrane fluids is important for understanding fetal metabolism, and the diagnosis of pathophysiological conditions during gestation. Gravid uteri from 37 ewes and their corresponding ovaries were sampled. The number and size of the placentomes in the second and third terms of gestation were significantly higher relative to the first term. The total protein, albumin, glucose, urea, creatinine, and calcium levels as well as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were higher in the allantoic fluid. In the allantoic fluid, the levels of total protein, globulin, and the activity levels of ALT and AST increased progressively with the advancement of gestation; contrarily, the levels of calcium, chloride, and the activity level of ALT decreased. For the amniotic fluid, the levels of total protein, globulin, urea, calcium, and the enzyme activities in the second and third terms did not differ but were higher than the level in the first term of gestation. In addition, the most significant increases in creatinine level and white blood cell count were observed in the third term of gestation. Therefore, notable differences in the levels of ALT, AST, total proteins, glucose, urea, creatinine, and WBC counts were observed in the two fetal membrane fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie N Okoye
- Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Reproductive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Izuchukwu A Ugwu
- Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Reproductive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Onyinyechukwu A Agina
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Ikechukwu J Udeani
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Anietie F Udoumoh
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - John I Ihedioha
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Makhlouf A, Titaouine M, Mohamdi H, Yakoub F. Effect of different altitude on reproductive performances and mineral assessment in Ouled Djellal ewes during the mating period. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:3275-3283. [PMID: 32712807 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate reproductive performances and to reveal the influence of mineral profile on Ouled Djellal ewes reared in different sites during their mating period. Two hundred twenty-six clinically healthy and nonpregnant Ouled Djellal ewes have been used and assigned to four groups according to altitude factor (two plain regions, one tableland region, and one mountain region). In all groups, oestrus was synchronized with ram affect method, and the ewes were naturally inseminated; it was conducted during the month of May for all herds. After 5 months of gestation, reproductive parameters were calculated. Concerning the determination of plasma mineral parameters and its influence on reproduction parameters, blood samples were taken from all ewes on the day of introduction of entire rams into all herds. The analyzed variables were fertility, prolificacy, and fecundity, and their overall averages were 78%, 117%, and 92%, respectively, which are well below the averages in flocks reared in intensive mode. However, the lowest rates are recorded at mountain region (Aïn Zaatout) with 65%, 109%, and 71%, respectively. Plasma sodium and potassium were significantly lower in fecundable ewes than in non-fecundable ewes, whereas plasma calcium levels were significantly increased. The region showed in this study a significant influence on all plasma levels of major minerals during mating period. This study made it possible to describe the evolution of some mineral elements in ewes according to whether they are fecundable or not and according to the region (mountain, tableland, plain) during the mating period. This gave us useful information on the impact of plasma minerals levels on reproductive parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Makhlouf
- Genetics, Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bioressources Laboratory(GBVB), University of Biskra, PO Box 145 PR, 07000, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Titaouine
- Genetics, Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bioressources Laboratory(GBVB), University of Biskra, PO Box 145 PR, 07000, Biskra, Algeria.
| | - Hanane Mohamdi
- Directorate of Agricultural Services in Biskra Governorate, Amir Abdelkader Street, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Fadjria Yakoub
- Genetics, Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bioressources Laboratory(GBVB), University of Biskra, PO Box 145 PR, 07000, Biskra, Algeria
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Santarosa BP, Dantas GN, Ferreira DO, Carvalho MG, Rodrigues M, Pereira PF, Silva AA, Gonçalves RC. Comparison of electrolyte and acid-base balances of Dorper breed ewes between single and twin pregnancies. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: During pregnancy there are modifications in the metabolic profile of sheep that may predispose to the occurrence of metabolic disorders, of which pregnancy toxaemia (PT) is highlighted. Blood gas analysis is detects changes in acid-base and electrolyte balance effectively. The objectives of this study were to study the acid-base and electrolyte balance of sheep during gestation and in the immediate peripartum (up to 48 hours postpartum), comparing single gestation with twins. Sixty healthy sheep of Dorper breed, two to five years old were raised in a semi-intensive system and were divided in two experimental groups: Group 1: 30 ewes, with ultrasonographic diagnosis of single fetus gestation; Group 2: 30 ewes, with ultrasonographic diagnosis of twin pregnancy. The experimental moments were defined as: MI-immediately after artificial insemination (control); MG30 - 30 days of gestation; MG90 - 90 days of gestation; MG120 - 120 days of gestation; MG130 - 130 days of gestation; MG140 - 140 days of gestation; MP - lambing; MPP1 - 24h postpartum; MPP2 - 48h postpartum. At all times 1mL of blood was collected per jugular vein puncture for blood gas evaluation in a portable equipament (I-Stat®). The pH, carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3-), base excess (BE), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), ionized calcium (Ca+2), lactate, anion gap (AG) were mensured and strong ion difference (SID) were calculed. This work showed that there were changes in acid-base and electrolyte balance in pregnant ewes, due to the decrease in BE, HCO3-, TCO2 and increase of lactate and AG during gestation, but the pH remained normal and did not present any difference among moments in both groups. Comparing the groups, single-gestation ewes presented higher alkaline expenditure at delivery than twin-gestation, evidenced by lower levels of BE and HCO3-. Lower Na+ levels were observed in prepartum; drop in K+ values with advancing gestation; hyperchloremia and hypocalcemia during gestation according to the reference standards for species; decreased iCa+2 levels in the final third of gestation in both groups. It was concluded that the ewes of this study were healthy until the last moment analyzed (48h postpartum), although have shown greater consumption of the alkaline reserve in the peripartum, being more explicit in the single gestation animals. In addition, this situation can be physiological and result in increased energy demand during gestation, more exacerbated by peripartum.
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Erdoğan S, Karaca S, Güney M, Kor A, Çakmakçı C, Sarıbey M. Effect of dried corn distillers' grains with solubles and soybean meal supplements on physiological indicators and reproductive performance of ewes. Arch Anim Nutr 2018; 72:351-367. [PMID: 30183394 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2018.1507976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS) to the nutritional regimens of ewes at different time periods on reproductive traits, serum hormones and serum metabolites. In Experiment 1, 100 ewes were divided into 4 groups (n = 25) according to diet. The four diets were grass hay (H) alone (group H), H with barley (group H + B), H with DDGS for the whole feeding period (27 d) (group H + DDGS) or H and DDGS for 5 d (d 8-12 of oestrus cycle) (group H + DDGS5). Serum progesterone concentrations were affected by oestrus cycle (p < 0.001), but not by dietary treatments. However, feeding H + DDGS caused significant increases in serum insulin, leptin and growth hormone concentrations (p < 0.05). In Experiment 2, 30 ewes were divided into 2 groups (n = 15), receiving DDGS or soybean meal (SBM) during the prepartum period. Diets had no significant effect on weights of dams or lambs at birth; however, the weaning weights of lambs born from ewes of group DDGS were significantly higher (p < 0.05). Moreover, serum glucose, blood urea nitrogen, triglyceride and beta hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentrations during the prepartum period were affected by dietary treatments and by time (p < 0.001). During the prepartum period, BHBA concentrations of ewes fed SBM were higher, while BHBA levels decreased during the last weeks of pregnancy regardless of diet. Lamb serum immunoglobulin G concentrations increased from 1 h to 24 h after birth (p < 0.001). Colostrum of ewes fed SBM had higher fat-free dry matter (DM) and protein contents in comparison to colostrum of ewes fed DDGS (p < 0.05). In conclusion, DDGS can be included as protein source in pregnancy rations up to 15% of DM to obtain reproductive performance outcomes equal to or exceeding those obtained with SBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Erdoğan
- a Department of Animal Science , Faculty of Agriculture, Yüzüncü Yıl University , Van , Turkey
| | - Serhat Karaca
- a Department of Animal Science , Faculty of Agriculture, Yüzüncü Yıl University , Van , Turkey
| | - Mehtap Güney
- b Department of Animal Nutrition , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yüzüncü Yıl University , Van , Turkey
| | - Aşkın Kor
- a Department of Animal Science , Faculty of Agriculture, Yüzüncü Yıl University , Van , Turkey
| | - Cihan Çakmakçı
- a Department of Animal Science , Faculty of Agriculture, Yüzüncü Yıl University , Van , Turkey
| | - Muammer Sarıbey
- a Department of Animal Science , Faculty of Agriculture, Yüzüncü Yıl University , Van , Turkey
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Zywicki ME, Blohowiak SE, Magness RR, Segar JL, Kling PJ. Impact of the ovarian cycle and pregnancy on plasma chemistry values in ewes. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 30:238-244. [PMID: 29291683 DOI: 10.1177/1040638717752217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Normative data for plasma chemistry values in pregnant and non-pregnant reproductive age ewes are scant. Availability of data would aid monitoring of ewe health for both research and veterinary medicine. We determined specific plasma chemistry 95% confidence reference intervals (RIs) in non-pregnant and pregnant ewes. Mixed Western-breed ewes were grouped based on phase of ovarian cycle: luteal ( n = 15), follicular ( n = 17), or late-gestation pregnant ( n = 102). Plasma samples were collected for analysis on a commercial biochemical analyzer. For RIs, chemistry panels for the 3 groups of ewes included nutrients and metabolites (glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, and bilirubin), enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]), and micronutrients (calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, and chloride). Sample chemistry values for glucose and total protein in pregnant ewes were lower than in follicular ewes; cholesterol was lower in pregnant and luteal ewes than in follicular ewes. In addition, total bilirubin in pregnant ewes differed from that in luteal ewes, and that in follicular ewes also differed from luteal ewes. ALP in pregnant ewes was higher than other groups; phosphorus in pregnant ewes was lower than in luteal ewes. Iron was higher in pregnant ewes than in luteal ewes, with iron in luteal ewes lower than in follicular ewes. These data provide clinical RIs comparing pregnant and non-pregnant ewes for use in monitoring ewe health in both human research and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela E Zywicki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI (Zywicki, Blohowiak, Kling).,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Perinatal Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (Magness).,Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, and Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA (Segar)
| | - Sharon E Blohowiak
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI (Zywicki, Blohowiak, Kling).,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Perinatal Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (Magness).,Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, and Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA (Segar)
| | - Ronald R Magness
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI (Zywicki, Blohowiak, Kling).,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Perinatal Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (Magness).,Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, and Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA (Segar)
| | - Jeffrey L Segar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI (Zywicki, Blohowiak, Kling).,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Perinatal Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (Magness).,Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, and Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA (Segar)
| | - Pamela J Kling
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI (Zywicki, Blohowiak, Kling).,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Perinatal Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (Magness).,Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, and Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA (Segar)
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Shokry E, Pereira J, Marques Júnior JG, da Cunha PHJ, Noronha Filho ADF, da Silva JA, Fioravanti MCS, de Oliveira AE, Antoniosi Filho NR. Earwax metabolomics: An innovative pilot metabolic profiling study for assessing metabolic changes in ewes during periparturition period. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183538. [PMID: 28841695 PMCID: PMC5571955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Important metabolic changes occur during transition period of late pregnancy and early lactation to meet increasing energy demands of the growing fetus and for milk production. The aim of this investigation is to present an innovative and non-invasive tool using ewe earwax sample analysis to assess the metabolic profile in ewes during late pregnancy and early lactation. In this work, earwax samples were collected from 28 healthy Brazilian Santa Inês ewes divided into 3 sub-groups: 9 non-pregnant ewes, 6 pregnant ewes in the last 30 days of gestation, and 13 lactating ewes ≤ 30 days postpartum. Then, a range of metabolites including volatile organic compounds (VOC), amino acids (AA), and minerals were profiled and quantified in the samples by applying headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, respectively. As evident in our results, significant changes were observed in the metabolite profile of earwax between the studied groups where a remarkable elevation was detected in the levels of non-esterified fatty acids, alcohols, ketones, and hydroxy urea in the VOC profile of samples obtained from pregnant and lactating ewes. Meanwhile, a significant decrease was detected in the levels of 9 minerals and 14 AA including essential AA (leucine, phenyl alanine, lysine, isoleucine, threonine, valine), conditionally essential AA (arginine, glycine, tyrosine, proline, serine), and a non-essential AA (alanine). Multivariate analysis using robust principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis was successfully applied to discriminate the three study groups using the variations of metabolites in the two stress states (pregnancy and lactation) from the healthy non-stress condition. The innovative developed method was successful in evaluating pre- and post-parturient metabolic changes using earwax and can in the future be applied to recognize markers for diagnosis, prevention, and intervention of pregnancy complications in ewes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy Shokry
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Julião Pereira
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Jair Gonzalez Marques Júnior
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jessica Alves da Silva
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Anselmo Elcana de Oliveira
- Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Nelson Roberto Antoniosi Filho
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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9
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Camassa JA, Diogo CC, Bordelo JPA, Bonelli MDA, Viegas CA, Azevedo JT, Dourado N, Dias IR. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphate as biomarker of bone turnover over the lifespan and different physiologic stages in sheep. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:239. [PMID: 28810860 PMCID: PMC5558774 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, the best resources for assessment of bone tissue using imaging techniques are expensive and available in few medical facilities, thus serum or urinary bone turnover biomarkers could be useful as early indicators of prognosis. However, there is a wide range of variability in bone turnover markers due to several factors, such as different ages and metabolic stages, thus it is important to have as much data published on the subject as possible. The aim of this study was therefore to generate a reference range for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and validate the already published data. Results Serum alkaline phosphatase decreased with age, with statistical difference between the 1 month old and the other groups and between the over 8 years and the 6 months old groups. There was also a statistical difference in the ALP levels between the 3 to 5 years old gestation and lactation groups. For serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, there was a statistical difference mainly between the 1 month old and the 6 months old, 6–8 years old, and above 8 years old groups. Conclusions The results obtained could represent a useful tool for future studies using sheep as an animal model for orthopedic research. The different groups presented a wide variation of serum ALP and TRAP levels, however, these variations are entirely explained by known physiology. Therefore, this detailed study confirms the prediction that unexplained changes in these bone turnover markers do not occur during the lifespan of sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Camassa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences School (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Camila C Diogo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences School (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João P A Bordelo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences School (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Marília de A Bonelli
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), R. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Viegas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences School (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal.,CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Jorge T Azevedo
- Department of Animal Sciences, ECAV, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.,CECAV - Centre for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nuno Dourado
- CMEMS-UMinho, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4804-533, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Isabel R Dias
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences School (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal. .,CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.
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Changes in some hematobiochemical and hormonal profile in Barki sheep with various reproductive statuses. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Haffaf S, Benallou B. Changes in energetic profile of pregnant ewes in relation with the composition of the fetal fluids. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Olfati A, Moghaddam G, Kor NM, Bakhtiari M. The relationship between progesterone and biochemical constituents of amniotic fluid with placenta traits in Iranian crossbred ewes (Arkhar-Merino×Ghezel). ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 7S1:S162-6. [PMID: 25312113 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the values of amniotic fluid (AF) progesterone and biochemical constituents and its associated placenta traits in Iranian crossbred ewes (Arkhar-Merino×Ghezel). METHODS Sixty ewes (2-5 years old, weighing 40-50 kg) were treated with controlled internal drug release induced 30 mg progesterone for 14 d and were injected with 400 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin at the time of CIDR withdrawal. After the detection of estrus, ewes were hand-mated. After expelling of each fetus accompanied by fetal membranes, 10 mL AF was taken from fetal sac for spectrophotometer methods (glucose, urea, creatinine, total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium and phosphorus) and radioimmunoassay (progesterone) analysis. RESULTS Results indicated that there were highly positive correlations between placental efficiency and cotyledon density (r=0.764, P<0.01), and negative correlation between placental weight (PW) with the total volume amniotic fluid (TVAF) (r=-0.872, P<0.01). A positive relationship was calculated between TVAF with total protein and creatinine (r=0.418, P<0.01 and r=0.639, P<0.05, respectively). However, the correlation between the glucose and PW, cotyledon length and calcium were significantly positive (r=0.704 and r=0.712; P<0.01, respectively). The findings of this study demonstrated that there were no relationships between progesterone concentrations and placental traits (P>0.01), except for PW (r=0.665). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the significant correlation between the AF biochemical and progesterone with placental traits for the above-mentioned metabolites suggests that metabolic changes in AF levels will reflect the condition in the AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Olfati
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamali Moghaddam
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasroallah Moradi Kor
- Department of Reproduction Physiologies, Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mitra Bakhtiari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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