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Nery Loiola SH, Stéfano VC, Rosa SL, Proença LR, Dos Santos BM, Soares FA, Saraiva Bresciani KD, Falcão AX, Gomes JF. Staining blindly: an update on coloring techniques for fecal smears in parasitology: a scoping review. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:607-619. [PMID: 38530362 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Dye application for parasite highlighting in the Ova and Parasite exam is a common practice in parasitology diagnosis. Methods: A scoping review investigated how staining solutions interact with parasite structures. After screening 1334 papers, 35 met eligibility criteria. Results: Differentiating background from foreground in the fecal smear under light microscopy is the core of the research on this topic. Refractivity, unevenness of staining, size and temperature were explored to enhance staining protocols. Cryptosporidium spp. and Microsporidia were the main studied species. Conclusion: Studies on diagnostic efficacy outperform those that elucidate the physical-chemical interaction between dyes and parasites. An alternative approach involves technicians using computational tools to reduce subjectivity in fecal smear interpretation, deviating from conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Hudson Nery Loiola
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas - São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Vitória Castilho Stéfano
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas - São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Stefany Laryssa Rosa
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas - São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Letícia Rodrigues Proença
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas - São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Bianca Martins Dos Santos
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas - São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Felipe Augusto Soares
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas - São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani
- School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, 793, Clóvis Pestana St., Araçatuba - São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Xavier Falcão
- Laboratory of Image Data Science, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, 573, IC-3,5, Saturnino de Brito St., Room 364, Campinas - São Paulo 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Jancarlo Ferreira Gomes
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas - São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Image Data Science, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, 573, IC-3,5, Saturnino de Brito St., Room 364, Campinas - São Paulo 13083-852, Brazil
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Gastrointestinal parasites in immunocompromised patients; A comparative cross-sectional study. Acta Trop 2022; 231:106464. [PMID: 35421383 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal parasites (GIPs), including helminths and protozoa species, are a major health problem in many parts of the world. About 3.5 billion people are affected by the parasites worldwide. GIPs are one of the leading causes of death among immunocompromised individuals and can cause serious clinical complications, especially in people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/AIDS, hemodialysis patients, and transplant recipients. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of GIPs among immunocompromised patients and immunocompetent individuals in Lorestan province, West Iran. In the current study, with a sampling of 232 participants (114 hemodialysis, AIDS, and organ transplantation immunocompromised patients and 118 immunocompetent individuals as the control group), demographic characteristics and risk factors for GIPs were collected through a pre-designed questionnaire. Stool samples of patients and the control group were examined for GIPs using different diagnostic methods including direct smear (saline and Lugol's iodine), Ziehl-Neelsen staining, agar-plate culture, and concentration method (formalin ether sedimentation). To evaluate the relative status of the immune system, TCD4+ cells were counted in the blood samples of the subjects by flow cytometry. The results were analyzed using SPSS 21 software, Fisher exact, and chi-square statistical tests. Multivariate modeling of the data was performed using logistic regression. The prevalence of GIPs in immunocompromised patients was more than twice that of immunocompetent individuals in the control group (42.06% vs. 17.79%). The most prevalent parasites identified among immunocompromised patients were Cryptosporidium sp. (27.1%), Blastocystis sp. (16.7%), and Entamoeba coli (14.6%) respectively. Cryptosporidium sp. had the highest frequency among hemodialysis patients (6.49%), AIDS patients (26.92%), and transplant recipients (18.18%) respectively. Patients with AIDS had the highest positive results for Cryptosporidium sp. followed by Microsporidia sp. (23.7%). In immunocompetent individuals, the highest prevalence of GIPs was related to Blastocystis sp and Trichomonas hominis (28.57%). Statistical analysis of the data showed that there was a statistically significant difference between various age groups regarding infection with GIPs so the highest rate of GIPs infection was observed in the age group lower than 50 years (P = 0.035). The statistical difference between the variable of location and infection with GIPs was insignificant but remarkable (P = 0.070). According to the results, it can be concluded that GIP is more common in immunocompromised patients than in immunocompetent individuals with cryptosporidium sp. predominance. Due to the favorable conditions of immunocompromised patients for GIPs and considering them as one of the important sources of parasitic infections and parasite transmission in society, control, prevention, and monitoring of their social behaviors along with health issues are inevitable.
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Azimian H, Shokrani H, Fallahi S. Molecular evaluation of Toxocara species in stray cats using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) technique as a rapid, sensitive and simple screening assay. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:647-653. [PMID: 33491880 PMCID: PMC8136963 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxocara species are parasitic nematodes of dogs and cats with a worldwide distribution. The adult worm lives in the intestine, and horizontal transmission of the infection occurs through eating paratenic host or embryonated eggs. This study aimed to estimate the molecular prevalence of Toxocara species in stray cats using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique. A total of 95 stool samples were randomly collected from stray cats in Khorramabad city in western Iran. Microscopic examination was performed after the separation and extraction of supernatants. The LAMP reaction was performed using the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) gene primers of Toxocara species and the appropriate master mix. The overall prevalence of Toxocara spp. in stray cats was 20% (19/95, CI 95%: 0.2 ± 0.08) by parasitological and molecular assessments. The microscopic examination of stool samples revealed that 19 samples were positive for Toxocara. The same 19 positive samples were also positive by the LAMP technique. Interestingly, based on the results of the LAMP assay, out of 95 studied samples, 18 (18.94%; CI 95%: 0.19 ± 0.08) specimens were Toxocara canis, while only 1 (1.05%; CI 95%: 0.005 ± 0.01) sample was diagnosed as Toxocara cati. The relatively high prevalence of Toxocara species in the studied cats shows the role of this species in spreading the parasite and the role of the cats in transmitting this zoonotic parasite. Preventive measures including the control of stray cat's population by castration and protection of public gardens where children play are recommended. The easy, highly sensitive and specific LAMP method is proposed for the differential detection of Toxocara species in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Azimian
- Department of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineLorestan UniversityKhorramabadIran
| | - Hamidreza Shokrani
- Department of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineLorestan UniversityKhorramabadIran
| | - Shirzad Fallahi
- Hepatitis Research CenterLorestan University of Medical ScienceKhorramabadIran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and MycologyFaculty of MedicineLorestan University of Medical SciencesKhorramabadIran
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4
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Amiri S, Shemshadi B, Shirali S, Kheirandish F, Fallahi S. Accurate and rapid detection of Fasciola hepatica copro-DNA in sheep using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:1316-1324. [PMID: 33624950 PMCID: PMC8294381 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fascioliasis is a parasitic infection caused by Fasciola spp. in humans and animals. Despite significant advances in vaccination and new therapeutic agents, little attention has been paid to validate methods for the diagnosis of fascioliasis in animals. This study aimed to compare the loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique with PCR assay for the diagnosis of F. hepatica in sheep. In this cross‐sectional study, 195 stool samples were collected from sheep for 3 months in Lorestan province, West of Iran. Specimens’ parasitological examination was performed by using the direct wet mount and formalin‐ether concentration method. After DNA extraction from the samples, molecular analysis was done using PCR and LAMP techniques based on the Fasciola ribosomal intergenic spacer (IGS) sequence. Of 195 specimens of sheep, 11 specimens were identified as F. hepatica‐positive infection by using microscopic, PCR and LAMP assays. Kappa agreement test results showed that there was a significant agreement between the results of microscopic examination diagnostic tests, PCR and LAMP (Kappa = 0.51–0.72 and p < .001). According to the results of chi‐square comparisons between parasite prevalence applying different techniques and variables of age, sex breed, and type of drinking water, there was no significant relationship (p ≥ .05). However, most of the infected sheep with Fasciola were 3‐ to 4‐year‐old females, of the Lori breed and consumed tap water. In many endemic areas, successful prevention and treatment of fascioliasis in animals depend on rapid and accurate diagnosis. Based on the results of the Kappa agreement, the significant agreement among the results of the microscopic examination, PCR and LAMP indicates the accuracy and reliability of these tests in the diagnosis of F. hepatica in sheep. However, molecular methods, especially the LAMP technique, are suggested because of their higher sensitivity and reliability for the diagnosis of F. hepatica even under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Amiri
- Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Shemshadi
- Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saloomeh Shirali
- Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Kheirandish
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Shirzad Fallahi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.,Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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5
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Kheirandish F, Fallahi S, Mahmoudvand H, Araban A, Anbari K, Rouzbahani AK, Akbari S. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in women with spontaneous abortion. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:763-769. [PMID: 33044624 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02081-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to use the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique in comparison with serological tests to determine the rate of T. gondii infection in women suffering from spontaneous abortion (SA). A total of 140 women suffering from their first SA were included in this study. The collected aborted fetal remains and blood samples from each patient were examined in sterilized conditions using the LAMP technique and ELISA. Of the 140 women, 80 (57.1%) tested seropositive for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies by ELISA, 72 (51.4%) women tested seropositive for the IgG antibody, 8 (5.7%) tested seropositive for the IgM antibody. Among the eight women who'd had their first SA who tested seropositive for IgM antibody by ELISA, only five cases (62.5%) reported positively to the LAMP test. The difference in the frequency distribution of the LAMP results for measuring the Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women under study was statistically significant (P < 0.001) from the results of the serological test (ELISA). Although there was a significant difference between age and positivity in the LAMP test (P = 0.017), no significant difference was observed between positivity in the LAMP test and other variables. The findings of the present investigation suggest that LAMP is a preferred method for determining Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women suffering from SA compared with other routine serological tests. Even in a field with limited facilities and equipment, this technique can be effective and efficient in accurately and specifically diagnosing Toxoplasma infections in women at high risk of SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Kheirandish
- Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran. .,Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Shirzad Fallahi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.,Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hossein Mahmoudvand
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ali Araban
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Khatereh Anbari
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Soheila Akbari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Soltani Tehrani B, Mirzajani E, Fallahi S, Manouchehri Naeini K, Mahmoudi MR, Safari Kavishahi M, Eskandari V, Zebardast N. Challenging TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): the two sensitive molecular techniques for the detection of toxoplasmosis, a potentially dangerous opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:1881-1888. [PMID: 32448961 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01903-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to defects and drawbacks of most conventional diagnostic methods including serology for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis as a dangerous opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals, the accurate, rapid, and sensitive detection of infection in such patients is essential. In this study, the TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR and, a relatively new nucleic acid amplification method, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique was compared based on the repetitive elements (RE) sequence to detect Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) DNA in blood samples of immunocompromised individuals. During this study, 119 blood samples from immunocompromised cancer patients with renal failure, undergoing dialysis were studied. After DNA extraction from blood samples using the salt extraction method, the molecular techniques of TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR and LAMP were used to investigate the contamination of the samples with T. gondii, based on the 529 bp (RE) sequence of T. gondii. The analytical sensitivity of LAMP and real-time PCR was evaluated by duplicating the five-step serial dilutions of T. gondii tachyzoites from 0.25 to 5×105 spiked tachyzoites per milliliter of the Toxoplasma seronegative blood sample. The extracted DNA from other parasites and human chromosomal DNA were used to determine the specificity of the molecular methods. The obtained results were analyzed using Kappa statistical test and SPSS22 software. Out of 119 studied samples, 7 (5.8%) and 5 (4.2%) samples were positive for Toxoplasma by TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR and LAMP, respectively. The limits of detection of TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR and RE-LAMP in negative serum samples were one and five tachyzoites (CT 38), respectively. Both real-time PCR and LAMP methods were 100% specific for Toxoplasma detection. Positive results were obtained only with T. gondii DNA, while other DNA samples were negative. The TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR based on the RE sequence showed higher sensitivity to T. gondii DNA detection in blood samples of cancer patients and serial dilutions of parasitic tachyzoites. The results show that TaqMan probe-based real-time PRC is a sensitive and specific method for the detection of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised individuals, as well as the LAMP assay, which can be used as a suitable alternative diagnostic method for the detection of toxoplasmosis in such patients, without need the for any expensive equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Soltani Tehrani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mirzajani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Shirzad Fallahi
- Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Kourosh Manouchehri Naeini
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi
- Research Center for Fascioliasis and Parasitic Diseases, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Vajiheh Eskandari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nozhat Zebardast
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasite infections in Mazandaran province, North of Iran. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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8
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Fallahi S, Babaei M, Rostami A, Mirahmadi H, Arab-Mazar Z, Sepahvand A. Diagnosis of Candida albicans: conventional diagnostic methods compared to the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. Arch Microbiol 2019; 202:275-282. [PMID: 31641798 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01736-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Candida species cause a wide range of opportunistic infections in humans and animals. The detection of Candida species by conventional diagnosis methods is costly and time consuming. This study was conducted for the first time to evaluate and compare a relatively new molecular assay and the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique with conventional methods for detection of Candida albicans. In this study, 70 different species of Candida identified by conventional methods were cultured on Sabouraud chloramphenicol agar medium and then the genomic DNA was extracted. The LAMP technique was performed using specific primers targeting the ITS2 gene of C. albicans. The analytical sensitivity and specificity of LAMP were measured using a tenfold serial dilution prepared from extracted DNA from standard C. albicans strain from 1 ng to 1 fg and the DNA samples of other clinical Candida species and three non-Candida yeast. Out of 70 yeast samples analyzed by LAMP technique, 24 samples (34.3%) were positive for C. albicans. Comparison of the results showed that the CHROMagar Candida and germ tube production methods are quite consistent with the LAMP technique, while the agreement amount between the results of carbohydrate assimilation and chlamydoconidia generation assays and LAMP technique was 98.5% and 72.8%, respectively. The detection limits of the LAMP assay were 10 fg of the DNA from the standard C. albicans strain. No amplification was observed in the DNA samples of other yeast species and only the DNA sample of standard C. albicans strain was amplified. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the LAMP method is as specific and precise as common diagnostic methods, but is faster, easier deployable or more sensitive. Therefore, this method can be used as a suitable complementary assay for Candida diagnosis in medical diagnostic laboratories and field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirzad Fallahi
- Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran.,Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Milad Babaei
- Department of Biotechnology, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran
| | - Ali Rostami
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hadi Mirahmadi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Zahra Arab-Mazar
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Sepahvand
- Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran. .,Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
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Fallahi S, Moosavi SF, Karimi A, Chegeni AS, Saki M, Namdari P, Rashno MM, Varzi AM, Tarrahi MJ, Almasian M. An advanced uracil DNA glycosylase-supplemented loop-mediated isothermal amplification (UDG-LAMP) technique used in the sensitive and specific detection of Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium hominis, and Cryptosporidium meleagridis in AIDS patients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 91:6-12. [PMID: 29366630 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The rapid and accurate detection of Cryptosporidium spp. is critically important for the prevention and timely treatment of cryptosporidiosis in AIDS patients (APs). This study was conducted to examine a UDG-LAMP technique for the first time to diagnose cryptosporidiosis in APs. After collecting demographic and clinical data, three stool samples were collected from the participants (120 volunteering APs). The microscopic examination of stained smears using the acid-fast method and the UDG-LAMP assay were performed for each sample. 10% of APs were infected with Cryptosporidium spp. The number of detected cryptosporidiosis cases using the acid-fast staining and UDG-LAMP methods were significantly different (P < 0.001). Diarrhea and weight loss were found to be significantly associated with cryptosporidiosis in patients (P < 0.05). The pretreatment of LAMP reagents with UDG successfully eliminated the likelihood of product re-amplification remaining from previous reactions. The UDG-LAMP technique could detect cryptosporidiosis in APs with high sensitivity and rapidity without carryover contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirzad Fallahi
- Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Moosavi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Azadeh Karimi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ali Sharafi Chegeni
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Deputy of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saki
- Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Deputy of Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Parsa Namdari
- Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Ali Mohamad Varzi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Tarrahi
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Almasian
- School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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10
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Rashno MM, Fallahi S, Bahrami P. Alzheimer's disease and Toxoplasma gondii infection; seromolecular assess the possible link among patients. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 32:232-234. [PMID: 28093864 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Menati Rashno
- Department of Biotechnology, Collage of Sciences, Islamic Azad University Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran
| | - Shirzad Fallahi
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.,Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Parviz Bahrami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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