1
|
Velho P, Marques L, Macedo EA. Extraction of Polyphenols and Vitamins Using Biodegradable ATPS Based on Ethyl Lactate. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227838. [PMID: 36431939 PMCID: PMC9698203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing human population, together with the inefficient use of natural resources, has been dramatically increasing the production of food waste, which poses serious economic, environmental, and social problems. Being so, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of food consumption so as to reduce its waste and to convert the remaining residues into societal benefits. Since this biowaste is rich in polyphenols and vitamins, it could become the feedstock for the production of important value-added compounds for the pharmaceutical (e.g., food supplements) and cosmetic (e.g., creams and shampoos) industries. In this work, partition studies of one polyphenol (epicatechin) and two B-complex vitamins (cyanocobalamin and nicotinic acid) were performed in biodegradable Aqueous Two-Phase Systems (ATPS) based on ethyl lactate and on organic salts (disodium tartrate, tripotassium citrate, and trisodium citrate) at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa. The largest partition coefficient (K) and extraction efficiency (E) were obtained for vitamin B12 (K=78.56, E=97.5%) for the longest tie line TLL=77.66% in the ATPS {ethyl lactate (1) + tripotassium citrate (2) + water (3)}. All the extractions were obtained with low biomolecule mass losses in quantification (<5%) and after a thorough study of pH influence in the UV−Vis absorbance spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Velho
- LSRE-LCM—Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering—Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Marques
- LSRE-LCM—Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering—Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eugénia A. Macedo
- LSRE-LCM—Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering—Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220-411-653
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Çatak J, Çaman R, Yaman M, Ceylan Z. Effect of Baking and Grilling on B Vitamins of Selected Fishes and Chicken Parts. JOURNAL OF CULINARY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15428052.2022.2060161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jale Çatak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Çaman
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yaman
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zafer Ceylan
- Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Faculty of Tourism, van Yuzuncu Yil University, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Biological Properties of Vitamins of the B-Complex, Part 1: Vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030484. [PMID: 35276844 PMCID: PMC8839250 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the current knowledge on essential vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. These B-complex vitamins must be taken from diet, with the exception of vitamin B3, that can also be synthetized from amino acid tryptophan. All of these vitamins are water soluble, which determines their main properties, namely: they are partly lost when food is washed or boiled since they migrate to the water; the requirement of membrane transporters for their permeation into the cells; and their safety since any excess is rapidly eliminated via the kidney. The therapeutic use of B-complex vitamins is mostly limited to hypovitaminoses or similar conditions, but, as they are generally very safe, they have also been examined in other pathological conditions. Nicotinic acid, a form of vitamin B3, is the only exception because it is a known hypolipidemic agent in gram doses. The article also sums up: (i) the current methods for detection of the vitamins of the B-complex in biological fluids; (ii) the food and other sources of these vitamins including the effect of common processing and storage methods on their content; and (iii) their physiological function.
Collapse
|
4
|
Sadok I, Jędruchniewicz K, Rawicz-Pruszyński K, Staniszewska M. UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS Quantification of Relevant Substrates and Metabolites of the Kynurenine Pathway Present in Serum and Peritoneal Fluid from Gastric Cancer Patients-Method Development and Validation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6972. [PMID: 34203517 PMCID: PMC8269001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolites and enzymes involved in the kynurenine pathway (KP) are highly promising targets for cancer treatment, including gastrointestinal tract diseases. Thus, accurate quantification of these compounds in body fluids becomes increasingly important. The aim of this study was the development and validation of the UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS methods for targeted quantification of biologically important KP substrates (tryptophan and nicotinamide) and metabolites(kynurenines) in samples of serum and peritoneal fluid from gastric cancer patients. The serum samples were simply pretreated with trichloroacetic acid to precipitate proteins. The peritoneal fluid was purified by solid-phase extraction before analysis. Validation was carried out for both matrices independently. Analysis of the samples from gastric cancer patients showed different accumulations of tryptophan and its metabolites in different biofluids of the same patient. The protocols will be used for the evaluation of tryptophan and kynurenines in blood and peritoneal fluid to determine correlation with the clinicopathological status of gastric cancer or the disease's prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Sadok
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (I.S.); (K.J.)
| | - Katarzyna Jędruchniewicz
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (I.S.); (K.J.)
| | - Karol Rawicz-Pruszyński
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Staniszewska
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (I.S.); (K.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Porter K, Lodge JK. Determination of selected water-soluble vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinamide and pyridoxine) from a food matrix using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1171:122541. [PMID: 33773258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble vitamins are essential dietary components with a multitude of important functions that require quantification from food sources to characterise the nutritional status of food. In this study, we have developed a hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) based method coupled to single-quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS) for the analysis of selected water-soluble vitamins. Due to their involvement in energy release from macronutrients, the quantification of thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), nicotinamide (B3) and pyridoxine (B6) offers significant value in food analysis. A commercially available vegetable soup was selected as the food matrix for this study and utilised to develop an efficient extraction procedure for the vitamins of interest. Vitamins were extracted using meta-phosphoric acid coupled with a reducing agent, DL-dithiothreitol (DTT) to produce the parent compound. The extracted vitamins were then analysed using an LC-MS system with electrospray - atmospheric pressure ionization (ES-API) source, operated in positive single ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The MS provided good linearity within the investigated range from 5 to 400 ng/mL with coefficient of determination (r2) ranging from 0.98 to 0.99. Retention times (0.65-9.04 min) were reproducible and no coelution between vitamins was observed. Limit of detection (LOD) varied from 2.4 to 9.0 ng/mL and limit of quantification (LOQ) was from 8 to 30 ng/mL, comparable to previously published studies. The extraction method provided good intra-day (%CV 1.56-6.56) and inter-day precision (%CV 8.07-10.97). Standard injections were used as part of quality control measures and provided excellent reproducibility (%CV 0.9-3.4). The overall runtime of this method was 19 min, including column reconditioning. Using this method, the quantity of thiamine (67 ± 7 ng/g), riboflavin (423 ± 39 ng/g), nicotinamide (856 ± 77 ng/g) and pyridoxine (133 ± 11 ng/g) was determined from a complex food matrix. In conclusion, we have developed a rapid and reliable, HILIC-single quad MS method utilising SIM for the low-level quantification of four B vitamins in a vegetable soup matrix in under 20 min. This method has shown excellent linearity, intra- and inter-day reproducibility and is directly applicable to other plant-based food matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Porter
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Ellison Building, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - John K Lodge
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Ellison Building, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Çatak J, Çaman R, Ceylan Z. Critical Vitamin Assessment: Pyridoxal, Pyridoxamine, and Pyridoxine Levels for Three Species of Raw and Cooked Fish Samples. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2020.1827113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jale Çatak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Çaman
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zafer Ceylan
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Çatak J, Çaman R. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, and pyridoxine cooking loss: Characterizing vitamin B
6
profiles of chicken meats before and after cooking. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jale Çatak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Faculty of Health Sciences İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Reyhan Çaman
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Faculty of Health Sciences İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim University Istanbul Turkey
| |
Collapse
|