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Hastreiter AA, Dos Santos GG, Makiyama EN, Santos EWC, Borelli P, Fock RA. Effects of protein malnutrition on hematopoietic regulatory activity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 93:108626. [PMID: 33705953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein malnutrition causes anemia and leukopenia as it reduces hematopoietic precursors and impairs the production of mediators that regulate hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis occurs in distinct bone marrow niches that modulate the processes of differentiation, proliferation and self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) contribute to the biochemical composition of bone marrow niches by the secretion of several growth factors and cytokines, and they play an important role in the regulation of HSCs and hematopoietic progenitors. In this study, we investigated the effect of protein malnutrition on the hematopoietic regulatory function of MSCs. C57BL/6NTaq mice were divided into control and protein malnutrition groups, which received, respectively, a normal protein diet (12% casein) and a low protein diet (2% casein). The results showed that protein malnutrition altered the synthesis of SCF, TFG-β, Angpt-1, CXCL-12, and G-CSF by MSCs. Additionally, MSCs from the protein malnutrition group were not able to maintain the lymphoid, granulocytic and megakaryocytic-erythroid differentiation capacity compared to the MSCs of the control group. In this way, the comprehension of the role of MSCs on the regulation of the hematopoietic cells, in protein malnutrition states, is for the first time showed. Therefore, we infer that hematopoietic alterations caused by protein malnutrition are due to multifactorial alterations and, at least in part, the MSCs' contribution to hematological impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Aparecida Hastreiter
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme G Dos Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Naoto Makiyama
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ed Wilson Cavalcante Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Chandrasiri UP, Fowkes FJI, Richards JS, Langer C, Fan YM, Taylor SM, Beeson JG, Dewey KG, Maleta K, Ashorn P, Rogerson SJ. The impact of lipid-based nutrient supplementation on anti-malarial antibodies in pregnant women in a randomized controlled trial. Malar J 2015; 14:193. [PMID: 25957793 PMCID: PMC4438573 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria and undernutrition frequently coexist, especially in pregnant women and young children. Nutrient supplementation of these vulnerable groups might reduce their susceptibility to malaria by improving immunity. Methods Antibody immunity to antigens expressed by a placental-binding parasite isolate, a non-placental binding parasite isolate, merozoites and schizonts at enrolment (before 20 gestation weeks) and at 36 gestation weeks were measured in 1,009 Malawian pregnant women receiving a daily lipid-based nutrient supplement, multiple micronutrients or iron and folic acid, who were participants in a randomized clinical trial assessing the effects of nutrient supplementation on pregnancy outcomes and child development(registration ID: NCT01239693). Results Antibodies to placental-binding isolates significantly increased while antibodies to most merozoite antigens declined over pregnancy. Overall, after adjustment for covariates, the type of supplementation did not influence antibody levels at 36 gestation weeks or the rate of change in antibody levels from enrolment to 36 weeks. A negative association between maternal body mass index and opsonizing antibodies to placental-binding antigens (coefficient (95% CI) -1.04 (−1.84, −0.24), was observed. Similarly, women with higher socioeconomic status had significantly lower IgG and opsonizing antibodies to placental-binding antigens. Neither of these associations was significantly influenced by the supplementation type. Conclusions In the current cohort nutrient supplementation did not affect anti-malarial antibody responses, but poor and undernourished mothers should be a priority group in future trials. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0707-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upeksha P Chandrasiri
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Building, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Freya J I Fowkes
- Macfarlane Burnet Institute of Medical Research, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia. .,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. .,Preventive Medicine and Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jack S Richards
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Building, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Macfarlane Burnet Institute of Medical Research, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Christine Langer
- Macfarlane Burnet Institute of Medical Research, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Department for International Health, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland. .,Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Steve M Taylor
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA. .,Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - James G Beeson
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Building, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Macfarlane Burnet Institute of Medical Research, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
| | - Kenneth Maleta
- College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.
| | - Per Ashorn
- Department for International Health, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland. .,Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Building, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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Kelly MS, Wirth KE, Madrigano J, Feemster KA, Cunningham CK, Arscott-Mills T, Boiditswe S, Shah SS, Finalle R, Steenhoff AP. The effect of exposure to wood smoke on outcomes of childhood pneumonia in Botswana. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2015; 19:349-55. [PMID: 25686146 PMCID: PMC4352146 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.14.0557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Tertiary hospital in Gaborone, Botswana. OBJECTIVE To examine whether exposure to wood smoke worsens outcomes of childhood pneumonia. DESIGN Prospective cohort study of children aged 1-23 months meeting clinical criteria for pneumonia. Household use of wood as a cooking fuel was assessed during a face-to-face questionnaire with care givers. We estimated crude and adjusted risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for treatment failure at 48 h by household use of wood as a cooking fuel. We assessed for effect modification by age (1-5 vs. 6-23 months) and malnutrition (none vs. moderate vs. severe). RESULTS The median age of the 284 enrolled children was 5.9 months; 17% had moderate or severe malnutrition. Ninety-nine (35%) children failed treatment at 48 h and 17 (6%) died. In multivariable analyses, household use of wood as a cooking fuel increased the risk of treatment failure at 48 h (RR 1.44, 95%CI 1.09-1.92, P = 0.01). This association differed by child nutritional status (P = 0.02), with a detrimental effect observed only among children with no or moderate malnutrition. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to wood smoke worsens outcomes for childhood pneumonia. Efforts to prevent exposure to smoke from unprocessed fuels may improve pneumonia outcomes among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Kelly
- Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Global Health Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kathleen E. Wirth
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jaime Madrigano
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kristen A. Feemster
- Global Health Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Coleen K. Cunningham
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tonya Arscott-Mills
- Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Samir S. Shah
- Divisions of Hospital Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rodney Finalle
- Global Health Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew P. Steenhoff
- Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Global Health Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Hess JR, Greenberg NA. The role of nucleotides in the immune and gastrointestinal systems: potential clinical applications. Nutr Clin Pract 2012; 27:281-94. [PMID: 22392907 DOI: 10.1177/0884533611434933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotides are low molecular weight biological molecules key to biochemical processes. Sources include de novo synthesis, recovery via salvage mechanisms, and dietary intakes. Although endogenous production serves as the main nucleotide source, evidence suggests that exogenous sources are essential to immune competence, intestinal development, and recovery. Dietary nucleotides serve a marked role in rapidly proliferating cells where they are necessary for optimal function. Accordingly, dietary nucleotides are deemed conditionally essential in the presence of various physiological stresses, including growth and development, recovery from injury, infection, and certain disease states. Clinical studies that evaluated nutrition formulations of nucleotides in combination with other specific nutrient substances demonstrated improved clinical outcomes in patients characterized as critically ill, injured, immune suppressed, or with chronic gastrointestinal conditions. However, conclusions regarding specific benefits of nucleotides are limited. Scientific substantiation of nucleotide supplementation in infant formula has been reported to improve the maturation and development of the intestinal tract as well as immune function. All medical nutrition products except for one immune-modulating formulation are devoid of nucleotides. In an effort to build on this, the current review presents the data to support potential clinical applications for nucleotides in enteral nutrition that may contribute to improved outcomes in physiologically stressed patients.
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Kurpad AV, Regan MM, Nazareth D, Nagaraj S, Gnanou J, Young VR. Intestinal parasites increase the dietary lysine requirement in chronically undernourished Indian men. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 78:1145-51. [PMID: 14668277 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/78.6.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously used the 24-h indicator amino acid balance method to show that the lysine requirement in undernourished Indian men from low socioeconomic and unsanitary environments is approximately 50% higher than the mean requirement of 30 mg lysine. kg(-1). d(-1) in well-nourished men. OBJECTIVE It is possible that this higher lysine requirement in persons with chronic undernutrition is due to environmental influences, including the presence of intestinal parasites. We assessed this possibility by using 24-h indicator amino acid balance (with leucine) at both the "normal" requirement for lysine intake and the higher requirement, before and after successful treatment to eradicate intestinal parasites in affected, undernourished men. DESIGN Fourteen chronically undernourished men were studied before and after treatment for intestinal parasites, during each of two 7-d (6-d dietary adaptation plus 1-d tracer experiment) diet periods supplying either 30 (n = 7) or 45 (n = 7) mg lysine. kg(-1). d(-1) from an L-amino acid diet. Twenty-four-hour indicator amino acid balance was estimated on day 6 by [(13)C]leucine tracer infusion. RESULTS Before the parasite treatment, subjects were in neutral 24-h leucine balance at both lysine intakes. After the eradication of intestinal parasites, there was a significant (P < 0.001) improvement in 24-h leucine balances, which were positive at both lysine intakes. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the 24-h indicator amino acid balance approach, it appears that intestinal infestation with parasites increases the requirement for lysine and that this may be one factor responsible for the higher lysine requirement observed in persons with chronic undernutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anura V Kurpad
- Department of Physiology and the Division of Nutrition, St John's Medical College, Bangalore, India
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Davis NJ, Stevenson JR. Role of neutrophils in decreased resistance of protein-malnourished mice to Candida albicans. Nutr Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0271-5317(03)00072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kurpad AV, Jahoor F, Borgonha S, Poulo S, Rekha S, Fjeld CR, Reeds PJ. A minimally invasive tracer protocol is effective for assessing the response of leucine kinetics and oxidation to vaccination in chronically energy-deficient adult males and children. J Nutr 1999; 129:1537-44. [PMID: 10419987 DOI: 10.1093/jn/129.8.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In disadvantaged populations, recurrent infections lead to a loss of body nitrogen and worsen nutritional status. The resulting malnutrition, in its turn, produces a greater susceptibility to infection. This study aimed to examine the ability of a new minimally invasive tracer protocol to measure leucine oxidation, and then to use it to quantify the effect of vaccination on leucine kinetics and oxidation. Undernourished men (n = 5; body mass index 16.3 +/- 0.9 kg/m(2)) and children (n = 9; age 4.1 +/- 0.6 y; weight-for-age Z-score -2.3 +/- 0.7) underwent metabolic studies 6 d before and 1 d after vaccination with diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT). The tracer protocol was performed in the fed state and involved two 3-h sequential periods of frequent (20 min) oral doses of NaH(13)CO(3) or [1-(13)C] leucine. Frequent breath samples and urine collections were made. Blood samples were obtained from the men and used for the determination of the isotopic enrichment of alpha-ketoisocaproic acid. The prevaccination oxidation of leucine (percentage of dose +/- SD) was 18.1 +/- 2.3 (men) and 16.7 +/- 3.8 (children). One day after vaccination, these values had risen to 19. 9 +/- 1.9 (P < 0.05) in the men and to 19.5 +/- 4.6 (P < 0.01) in the children. In the adults, vaccination was associated with a rise in whole-body protein breakdown [mg protein/(kg.h)] from 200 +/- 40 to 240 +/- 10 (P < 0.05). A minor simulated infection increases leucine catabolism in undernourished humans and this new, minimally invasive protocol is sufficiently sensitive to measure these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Kurpad
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Physiology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore 560034, India
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Solomons NW, Mazariegos M, Brown KH, Klasing K. The underprivileged, developing country child: environmental contamination and growth failure revisited. Nutr Rev 1993; 51:327-32. [PMID: 8108032 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1993.tb03758.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A major public health challenge to human populations in developing countries is poor linear growth and failure to maximize genetic potential in final adult stature. It is now clear that this process occurs in early life, and neither genetics nor dietary intake, or both, is the complete determinant. We suggest that a situation similar to the phenomenon of impaired growth of poultry and livestock reared under unsanitary conditions occurs in children from underprivileged countries. Recent advances in cell biology and immunology suggest that the intermittent or continuous activation of the acute-phase response with the consequent mediation of catabolic and antitrophic metabolic processes is responsible for the antibiotic-responsive growth impairment of chicks raised in unhygienic environments. Ongoing epidemiological studies in poor Third World children provide evidence for a prevalence of acute-phase response activation in the absence of overt clinical signs. The consequences of this immunostimulation of the growing infant or toddler could represent an important additional factor in the failure of children in developing countries to manifest adequate growth and to achieve their genetic potential for adult stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Solomons
- Section on Gerontology and Metabolism, Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging and Metabolism (CeSSIAM), Guatemala City
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Siber GR, Santosham M, Reid GR, Thompson C, Almeido-Hill J, Morell A, deLange G, Ketcham JK, Callahan EH. Impaired antibody response to Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide and low IgG2 and IgG4 concentrations in Apache children. N Engl J Med 1990; 323:1387-92. [PMID: 2233905 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199011153232005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS Because Native American children are at much higher risk for invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infection than white children, we compared the antibody responses to H. influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine in healthy Apache and white children. RESULTS The concentrations of H. influenzae type b antibody after immunization with polysaccharide vaccine were approximately 10-fold lower in 24-month-old Apache children than in whites of a similar age (P less than 0.01). The decreased response involved H. influenzae type b antibodies of the IgG, IgM, and IgA classes. Concentrations of IgG antibody to tetanus toxoid did not differ significantly, and IgG antibodies to diphtheria toxoid were only twofold lower (P = 0.028). Although total IgG, IgM, and IgA levels were higher in two-year-old Apaches than in whites (all P less than 0.001), IgG2 and IgG4 subclasses were lower (both P less than 0.001). Among the Apaches, individual immunoglobulin levels and allotypes were not significantly correlated with their antibody responses to H. influenzae type b polysaccharide. CONCLUSIONS Apache children have significant impairment of their antibody response to H. influenzae type b polysaccharide and little or no impairment of their antibody responses to protein toxoids. This immunodeficiency may explain the high incidence of H. influenzae type b infection in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Siber
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
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Watanabe S, Takizawa K, Hashimoto N, Ishibashi Y. Pustular dermatosis of the scalp associated with autoimmune diseases. J Dermatol 1989; 16:383-7. [PMID: 2574730 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.1989.tb01285.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A 36-year-old woman visited our hospital with a five month history of persistent pustulation, crusting, and alopecia on the vertex of the scalp. No pathological organisms were isolated from the lesions. Histological examination revealed non-specific changes of chronic inflammation with destroyed follicles. Antibiotic therapy produced no response, but steroid therapy was effective. From these observations, a diagnosis of erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp (EPDS), as described by Pye et al., was made. The patient also had Hashimoto's thyroiditis, autoimmune hepatitis, and Takayasu's aortitis. The laboratory studies revealed an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein 3+, hypergammaglobulinemia, and various auto-antibodies, suggesting the possibility of a pathogenesis common to both this dermatosis and the autoimmune diseases.
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