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Ogawa N, Yun S, Izutsu M, Yuki M. Sarcopenia and risk factors among Japanese community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Health Sci 2024; 26:e13094. [PMID: 38356044 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed older adults to high risk of sarcopenia. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and its risk factors among Japanese community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected data through questionnaires and physical measurements among 242 older adults. Sarcopenia was assessed using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. The results revealed that 14.5% had sarcopenia, which was significantly associated with age, nutritional status, number of prescription medications, body mass index, and self-rated health. On multivariate analysis, the risk of malnutrition was independently significantly associated with sarcopenia. Approximately 70% of participants reported decreased social interaction and going outside, but with no significant association with sarcopenia. In addition, approximately 65% of the participants had an exercise habit and went outside at least once a week, thus maintaining a good level of activity. These findings suggest that prevention of sarcopenia during the pandemic required provision of opportunities for older adults to remain active and positive assessment of nutritional status and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuka Ogawa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shan Yun
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Miku Izutsu
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Michiko Yuki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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2
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Pedrinolla A, Isanejad M, Antognelli C, Bartolini D, Borras C, Cavedon V, Di Sante G, Migni A, Mas-Bargues C, Milanese C, Baschirotto C, Modena R, Pistilli A, Rende M, Schena F, Stabile AM, Telesa NV, Tortorella S, Hemmings K, Vina J, Wang E, McArdle A, Jackson MJ, Venturelli M, Galli F. Randomised controlled trial combining vitamin E-functionalised chocolate with physical exercise to reduce the risk of protein-energy malnutrition in predementia aged people: study protocol for Choko-Age. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072291. [PMID: 38135320 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Protein-energy malnutrition and the subsequent muscle wasting (sarcopenia) are common ageing complications. It is knowing to be also associated with dementia. Our programme will test the cytoprotective functions of vitamin E combined with the cortisol-lowering effect of chocolate polyphenols (PP), in combination with muscle anabolic effect of adequate dietary protein intake and physical exercise to prevent the age-dependent decline of muscle mass and its key underpinning mechanisms including mitochondrial function, and nutrient metabolism in muscle in the elderly. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In 2020, a 6-month double-blind randomised controlled trial in 75 predementia older people was launched to prevent muscle mass loss, in respond to the 'Joint Programming Initiative A healthy diet for a healthy life'. In the run-in phase, participants will be stabilised on a protein-rich diet (0.9-1.0 g protein/kg ideal body weight/day) and physical exercise programme (high-intensity interval training specifically developed for these subjects). Subsequently, they will be randomised into three groups (1:1:1). The study arms will have a similar isocaloric diet and follow a similar physical exercise programme. Control group (n=25) will maintain the baseline diet; intervention groups will consume either 30 g/day of dark chocolate containing 500 mg total PP (corresponding to 60 mg epicatechin) and 100 mg vitamin E (as RRR-alpha-tocopherol) (n=25); or the high polyphenol chocolate without additional vitamin E (n=25). Muscle mass will be the primary endpoint. Other outcomes are neurocognitive status and previously identified biomolecular indices of frailty in predementia patients. Muscle biopsies will be collected to assess myocyte contraction and mitochondrial metabolism. Blood and plasma samples will be analysed for laboratory endpoints including nutrition metabolism and omics. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION All the ethical and regulatory approvals have been obtained by the ethical committees of the Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona with respect to scientific content and compliance with applicable research and human subjects' regulation. Given the broader interest of the society toward undernutrition in the elderly, we identify four main target audiences for our research activity: national and local health systems, both internal and external to the project; targeted population (the elderly); general public; and academia. These activities include scientific workshops, public health awareness campaigns, project dedicated website and publication is scientific peer-review journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05343611.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pedrinolla
- Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Masoud Isanejad
- Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Desirée Bartolini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Bioscience and Medical Embryology Division, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Consuelo Borras
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Valentina Cavedon
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement (DNBM), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Di Sante
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement (DNBM), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Migni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipidomics and Micronutrient, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina Mas-Bargues
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Chiara Milanese
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement (DNBM), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudia Baschirotto
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement (DNBM), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Modena
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
| | - Alessandra Pistilli
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement (DNBM), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mario Rende
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement (DNBM), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement (DNBM), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Stabile
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement (DNBM), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Kay Hemmings
- Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jose Vina
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eivind Wang
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
- St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne McArdle
- Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Malcolm J Jackson
- Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement (DNBM), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Salaffi F, Di Matteo A, Farah S, Di Carlo M. Inflammaging and Frailty in Immune-Mediated Rheumatic Diseases: How to Address and Score the Issue. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2023; 64:206-221. [PMID: 35596881 PMCID: PMC10017626 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-022-08943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a new concept in rheumatology that can help identify people more likely to have less favorable outcomes. Sarcopenia and inflammaging can be regarded as the biological foundations of physical frailty. Frailty is becoming more widely accepted as an indicator of ageing and is linked to an increased risk of negative outcomes such as falls, injuries, and mortality. Frailty identifies a group of older adults that seem poorer and more fragile than their age-matched counterparts, despite sharing similar comorbidities, demography, sex, and age. Several studies suggest that inflammation affects immune-mediated pathways, multimorbidity, and frailty by inhibiting growth factors, increasing catabolism, and by disrupting homeostatic signaling. Frailty is more common in the community-dwelling population as people get older, ranging from 7 to 10% in those over 65 years up to 40% in those who are octogenarians. Different parameters have been validated to identify frailty. These primarily relate to two conceptual models: Fried's physical frailty phenotype and Rockwood's cumulative deficit method. Immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRDs), such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and vasculitis, are leading causes of frailty in developing countries. The aim of this review was to quantitatively synthesize published literature on the prevalence of frailty in IMRDs and to summarize current evidence on the relevance and applicability of the most widely used frailty screening tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Salaffi
- Rheumatology Clinic, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Carlo Urbani" Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 25, 60035, Jesi, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Andrea Di Matteo
- Rheumatology Clinic, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Carlo Urbani" Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 25, 60035, Jesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Farah
- Rheumatology Clinic, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Carlo Urbani" Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 25, 60035, Jesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Di Carlo
- Rheumatology Clinic, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Carlo Urbani" Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 25, 60035, Jesi, Ancona, Italy
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Kramer CS, Groenendijk I, Beers S, Wijnen HH, van de Rest O, de Groot LCPGM. The Association between Malnutrition and Physical Performance in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac007. [PMID: 35415390 PMCID: PMC8989279 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years the focus of healthcare and nutritional science in older adults has shifted from mortality towards physical performance and quality of life. The aim of this review was to summarize observational studies on physical performance in malnourished (MN) or at risk of malnutrition (RMN) older adults compared with well-nourished (WN) older adults. Eligible studies had to report on nutritional status and objectively measured physical performance in older adults (≥60 y). MN or RMN groups had to be compared with a WN group, measured with a validated nutrition screener. Ovid Medline and Web of Science were searched until 13 November, 2020. Study quality was scored using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results were analyzed by meta-analysis when possible, or narratively reviewed otherwise. Forty-five studies (16,911 participants in total) were included from studies in outpatient clinics (n = 6), nursing homes (n = 3), community-dwelling older adults (n = 20), hospitalized patients (n = 15), or a combination (n = 1). Studies used 11 different screeners of malnutrition, and 8 types of physical performance measures. Meta-analysis showed that compared with MN, WN groups had better hand grip strength (mean difference [MD] = 4.92 kg; 95% CI: 3.43, 6.41; P < 0.001; n = 23), faster gait speed (MD = 0.16 m/s; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.27; P = 0.0033; n = 7), performed faster on timed-up-and-go (MD = -5.94 s; 95% CI: -8.98, -2.89; P < 0.001; n = 8), and scored 1.2 more short physical performance battery points (95% CI: 1.32, 2.73; P < 0.001; n = 6). Results were less pronounced when compared with RMN. Narratively, all studies showed an association for knee extension strength, 6-min walking test, and multicomponent tests, except for the chair stand test. Study limitations include no studies scoring "good" on NOS, lack of confounder adjustment, and high heterogeneity. Overall, evidence from cross-sectional studies indicate an association between malnutrition and worse physical performance in older adults. This study is registered in PROSPERO as CRD42020192893.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte S Kramer
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Groenendijk
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Beers
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo H Wijnen
- Department of Geriatrics, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Ondine van de Rest
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette C P G M de Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Choi KA, Heu E, Nam HC, Park Y, Kim D, Ha YC. Relationship between Low Muscle Strength, and Protein Intake: A Preliminary Study of Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture. J Bone Metab 2022; 29:17-21. [PMID: 35325979 PMCID: PMC8948493 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2022.29.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of the present study was to assess the daily protein uptake and its relationship with sarcopenia, as defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS), among elderly patients with hip fractures.Methods: Forty-seven elderly patients with hip fractures were enrolled in this retrospective observational study. The main outcome measures included protein uptake, muscle mass, and grip strength for sarcopenia in elderly patients. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to AWGS. Wholebody densitometry was used to measure skeletal muscle mass, and muscle strength was evaluated using handgrip testing.Results: Of 47 patients with hip fractures (12 men and 35 women), 37 (79%) patients exhibited insufficient protein intake (range, 0.01-0.588 g/kg/day), and 10 (21%) patients exhibited excessive protein intake (range, 1.215-2.121 g/kg/day). The mean daily protein intake was 56.5 g (range, 7.2–136.0 g). Prevalence of low muscle strength (handgrip strength <18 kg in women and <26 kg in men) was detected in 13 (37%) women and 8 (67%) men (P=0.076). Sarcopenia (lower muscle mass and lower muscle strength) was detected in 9 (26%) women and 6 (50%) men (P=0.119). Although lower protein intake was marginally associated with sarcopenia (P=0.189), it was significantly associated with lower grip strength (P=0.042).Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that insufficient protein intake in elderly patients with hip fractures was common, and lower protein intake was significantly associated with lower muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Choi
- National Institute of Medical Welfare, Kangnam University, Yongin,
Korea
| | - Eunseo Heu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Hyun-Cheul Nam
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Yongsoon Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Yong-Chan Ha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
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Nutritional status mediates the relationship between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment: findings from the WCHAT study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:3215-3222. [PMID: 34028708 PMCID: PMC8141547 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-01883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia is associated with cognitive impairment in older adults. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Aim To explore the mediating role of nutritional status in the relationship between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment. Methods Three thousand eight hundred and ten participants (mean age 61.94 ± 8.01 years) from the West China Health and Aging Trend (WCHAT) study were included. We defined sarcopenia using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 criteria. Cognitive status and nutritional status were measured using the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) and the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF). Relationships between sarcopenia, nutritional status, and cognitive function were explored using multiple linear regression. Two mediation models were generated to examine whether nutritional status mediates the association between sarcopenia and cognitive function using PROCESS macro version 3.5. Results The study involved 3147 (82.6%) non-sarcopenic, 387 (10.2%) sarcopenic, and 276 (7.2%) severely sarcopenic individuals. In mediation model 1, sarcopenia (β = 0.208, 95% CI 0.072 to 0.344, P = 0.0028) was significantly associated with cognitive impairment, and nutritional status mediated this association (indirect effect = 0.162, bootstrap 95% CI 0.116 to 0.212). Mediation model 2 indicated that nutritional status exhibited a full mediating effect regarding the association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment (indirect effect = 0.131, bootstrap 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.188; direct effect = 0.046, bootstrap 95% CI − 0.115 to 0.21) and a partial mediating effect regarding the association between severe sarcopenia and cognitive impairment (indirect effect = 0.21, bootstrap 95% CI: 0.143 to 0.283; direct effect = 0.476, bootstrap 95% CI: 0.234–0.724). Conclusions The relationship between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment was significantly mediated by nutritional status. Early nutritional interventions may prevent cognitive decline in sarcopenic older adults.
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Meller FO, Schäfer AA, Santos LP, Quadra MR, Miranda VIA. Double Burden of Malnutrition and Inequalities in the Nutritional Status of Adults: A Population-Based Study in Brazil, 2019. Int J Public Health 2021; 66:609179. [PMID: 34744575 PMCID: PMC8565287 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2021.609179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To describe the inequalities in the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in the adult population. Methods: Study carried out with data from the VIGITEL study, conducted in 2019 in all Brazilian capitals. Underweight and excess weight were evaluated on the basis of years of schooling and age. Multi-level analysis was performed including Human Development Index of each capital and individual-level variables. The inequality slope index was used to assess the magnitude of the inequalities found. All analyses considered the svy command owing to the complexity of the sampling process. Results: 47.119 individuals were studied. Men with no education had 6 percentage points more underweight compared to those with higher education. Higher prevalence of excess weight was found among men with higher education and women with no education. In women, the difference was 18 percentage points between extreme categories. Elderly people with no education had 10 percentage points more excess weight than those with higher education. Conclusions: The findings suggest the need for intersectoral actions that can cope with the social inequalities and help confronting with the DBM in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antônio Augusto Schäfer
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | | | - Micaela Rabelo Quadra
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
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Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Romero-Yuste S, Chamizo Carmona E, Nolla JM. Sarcopenia, immune-mediated rheumatic diseases, and nutritional interventions. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:2929-2939. [PMID: 33566325 PMCID: PMC8595168 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-01800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Sarcopenia is defined by a loss of muscle mass and function associated with mortality, decreased physical performance, falls, and disability. Since chronic inflammation and decreased physical activity are risk factors for developing sarcopenia, it is critical to assess the role of sarcopenia in immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRDs). Moreover, nutritional interventions are emerging as key modifiable and affordable options to improve physical performance in sarcopenia. Objective The aim of this review is to critically summarize current information on the evidence linking nutritional interventions and sarcopenia in IMRDs. Methods The search and selection of articles was performed in Medline, Dimensions.ai, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos, and Trip Database. The results were clustered into three areas: sarcopenia and IMRDs, sarcopenia and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), and nutritional interventions for sarcopenia. Findings Several cross-sectional studies have shown a higher prevalence of sarcopenia in IMRDs, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Although not fully established, evidence linking sarcopenia and other IMRDs (ankylosing spondylitis and systemic sclerosis) has been also described. For secondary sarcopenia prevention and treatment, bDMARDs’ administration proved efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, there is growing evidence linking nutrition to the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Evidence linking unfavourable results in nutritional risk assessment, insufficient intake of protein, vitamin D, antioxidant nutrients, and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and sarcopenia have been reported. Conclusion Given that sarcopenia and IMRDs have strong links, further research is needed to improve patient care.
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Haigis D, Matting L, Wagner S, Sudeck G, Frahsa A, Thiel A, Eschweiler G, Nieß AM. Identification of Sarcopenic Obesity in German Nursing Home Residents-The Role of Body Composition and Malnutrition in the BaSAlt Cohort-Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113791. [PMID: 34836048 PMCID: PMC8625583 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a phenotype, which is defined by reduced muscle strength, muscle mass, and obesity. Limited mobility leads to increased sedentary behavior and decreased physical activity. Both sarcopenia and obesity are aggravated by these factors. In combination, SO is an additional challenge for the setting nursing home (NH). Previous studies have shown a low prevalence of residents with SO in comparable settings, such as community-dwelling. We hypothesize that the BaSAlt cohort also has a small proportion of residents with SO. Methods: For the analysis, 66 residents (women: 74.2%) aged ≥ 65 years from NH, were screened for SO based on EWGSOP2 specifications and cut-off values to classify obesity. Results: Severe sarcopenia was quantified in eleven residents (16.7%). The majority of sarcopenic residents were women (n = 10) compared to men (n = 1). However, no SO could be identified by assessment of body mass index, fat mass in percentage, and fat mass index. Conclusion: As expected, the setting-specific cohort showed a low number of SO. Furthermore, no case of SO was identified in our study. Sarcopenia was associated with an increased fat-free mass in NH residents. Nevertheless, sarcopenia and obesity play important roles in the preservation of residents’ health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Haigis
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.W.); (A.M.N.)
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (L.M.); (G.S.); (A.F.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Leon Matting
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (L.M.); (G.S.); (A.F.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Sport Science, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Silas Wagner
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.W.); (A.M.N.)
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (L.M.); (G.S.); (A.F.); (A.T.)
| | - Gorden Sudeck
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (L.M.); (G.S.); (A.F.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Sport Science, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika Frahsa
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (L.M.); (G.S.); (A.F.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Sport Science, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ansgar Thiel
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (L.M.); (G.S.); (A.F.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Sport Science, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Eschweiler
- Centre for Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Andreas Michael Nieß
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.W.); (A.M.N.)
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; (L.M.); (G.S.); (A.F.); (A.T.)
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Shin WY, Kim JH. Poor diet quality is associated with self-reported knee pain in community-dwelling women aged 50 years and older. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245630. [PMID: 33591989 PMCID: PMC7886155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we aimed to examine the association between knee pain and diet quality in women aged ≥ 50 years using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This was a population-based, cross-sectional study. Diet quality was assessed using the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), and knee pain and osteoarthritis were self-reported. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to adjust for age, body mass index, household income, marital status, education, occupation, smoking status, hazardous alcohol use, regular physical activity, menopause, and chronic diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, osteoarthritis, and depression. A total of 3,881 women were included in this study, and the prevalence of knee pain was 25.4%. The intakes of total energy, protein, and fat were lower in women with knee pain than in those without (all P < 0.01), while the carbohydrate intake was higher (P = 0.01). No significant differences were noted in the scores for variety, overall balance, and moderation components, except for the item of total fat intake, between the DQI-I scores for women with and without knee pain, after adjusting for age. Women without knee pain showed higher scores in several items of the adequacy component (P < 0.05) than did women with knee pain. The total DQI-I scores were lower in women with knee pain than in women without knee pain, after adjusting for covariates, including osteoarthritis (OR = 0.985, 95% CI = 0.973–0.997, P = 0.01). Knee pain independent of osteoarthritis was associated with poor diet quality in community-dwelling women aged ≥ 50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-young Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Chung-Ang University Medical Center, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-ha Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Chung-Ang University Medical Center, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Giani A, Famularo S, Riva L, Tamini N, Ippolito D, Nespoli L, Conconi P, Sironi S, Braga M, Gianotti L. Association between specific presurgical anthropometric indexes and morbidity in patients undergoing rectal cancer resection. Nutrition 2020; 75-76:110779. [PMID: 32268263 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Baseline body composition has been associated with dismal outcomes in patients undergoing a variety of major abdominal operations. Whether specific anthropometric indexes can predict morbidity after rectal resection has been poorly investigated. The aims of this study were to assess whether there is a relationship between body mass index and the different computed tomography-assessed body composition indexes, and whether the analysis of different body compartments could be predictive of short-term outcomes in patients undergoing curative surgery for rectal cancer. METHODS Computed tomography-derived measures of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue areas of patients undergoing surgery for rectal cancer between January 2009 and December 2016 were used to calculate population-specific thresholds of sarcopenia, subcutaneous adiposity, visceral adiposity, visceral obesity, sarcopenic obesity, and myosteatosis. Association between the aforementioned body composition features were related with overall complication, infection, and anastomotic leak. RESULTS During the study period, 311 patients received surgery and 173 were eligible for an accessible preoperative computed tomography imaging. After surgery, 59 (34.1%) patients experienced a complication, 29 an infection, and 10 an anastomotic failure. The overall morbidity rate was observed more frequently in patients with sarcopenia than in those without sarcopenia (39% versus 17.5%; P = 0.002) and infections (41.4% versus 21.5% respectively; P = 0.024). The presence of myosteatosis also was associated with a higher incidence of overall morbidity (33.9% versus 20.2% in patients without myoteatosis; P = 0.048). Anastomotic failure occurred in 6 of 10 patients with visceral obesity and in 24 of 112 (21.4%) patients without this condition (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Some anthropometric indexes are accurate predictors of specific types of morbidity. These findings may allow a more accurate preoperative risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Giani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Simone Famularo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Luca Riva
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Radiology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Nicolò Tamini
- Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Luca Nespoli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Paola Conconi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Sandro Sironi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Marco Braga
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Luca Gianotti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.
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Tao J, Ke YY, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Wang YY, Ren CX, Xu J, Zhu YX, Zhang XL, Zhang XY. Comparison of the value of malnutrition and sarcopenia for predicting mortality in hospitalized old adults over 80 years. Exp Gerontol 2020; 138:111007. [PMID: 32590128 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the prognostic value of malnutrition and sarcopenia for mortality in old adults over 80 years. METHODS A prospective analysis was performed in 427 hospitalized old adults. Anthropometric measures and biochemical parameters were carried out for each patient. Sarcopenia was defined according to the revised consensus definition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2). Malnutrition was defined according to the European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) criteria. Mortality data were available for up to 32 months of follow-up. RESULTS The overall prevalence of sarcopenia and malnutrition was 35.1% and 19.4%, respectively. The percentage of coexistence of sarcopenia and malnutrition was 12.2%. Of the 427 participants, 83 deaths were reported during the mean follow-up periods of 24.9 months. Compared with non-sarcopenic subjects with well-nutrition, sarcopenic subjects with well-nutrition and non-sarcopenic subjects with well-nutrition had higher mortality risk (Hazard Ratio (HR), 2.36; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.31-4.24, P < 0.001; HR, 4.33; 95% CI, 2.12-8.85, P = 0.004; respectively). The patients who coexisted with sarcopenia and malnutrition had the highest risk of mortality (HR, 7.31; 95% CI, 4.21-12.69, P < 0.001). Both sarcopenia and malnutrition could predict mortality separately. Still, from the components of the Cox regression multivariate models, the malnutrition was one of the independent factors influencing the death, sarcopenia was not. CONCLUSION When malnutrition and sarcopenia were compared together in a longitude cohort, malnutrition was an independent risk factor for mortality, while sarcopenia was not. The coexistence of malnutrition and sarcopenia showed a synergistically accumulated risk for death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tao
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yi Shan road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ying-Ying Ke
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yi Shan road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yi Shan road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yi Shan road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yan-Yan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yi Shan road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chen-Xi Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yi Shan road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yi Shan road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yun-Xia Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yi Shan road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xing-Liang Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yi Shan road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yi Shan road, Shanghai 200233, China.
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Abdalla PP, Carvalho ADS, Dos Santos AP, Venturini ACR, Alves TC, Mota J, Machado DRL. One-repetition submaximal protocol to measure knee extensor muscle strength among older adults with and without sarcopenia: a validation study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2020; 12:29. [PMID: 32391159 PMCID: PMC7201705 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-020-00178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Dynamic knee extensor muscle strength is a valid measure among healthy older adults but has not been tested in the sarcopenia condition. This study’s objective was to test the validity of a one-repetition submaximal strength protocol to measure dynamic knee extension strength in older adults with and without sarcopenia. Methods Ninety-four physically independent older adults (female: n = 64, 60 to 85 years; male: n = 29, 60 to 85 years) participated in this study in Brazil during 2016–2017. Sarcopenia was classified and isokinetic unilateral knee extension strength was measured at 60°/s. Bilateral dynamic knee extension strength was estimated with an extensor chair using one-repetition submaximal protocol. Validity was determined using Spearman’s correlation with isokinetic muscle strength. Results The frequency of sarcopenia was 11.7%. Sarcopenic individuals presented lower body mass, body mass index and skeletal muscle index. Only chronological age was higher among the sarcopenic individuals. A high correlation was found between isokinetic unilateral knee extension strength and bilateral estimated one-repetition with submaximal protocol (r = 0.74; p < 0.001), when the presence (r = 0.71; p = 0.014) and absence of sarcopenia (r = 0.74; p < 0.001) were considered. The validity of the one-repetition submaximal protocol for bilateral knee extension was confirmed. Conclusions The estimated measure of bilateral knee extension muscle strength can be used to monitor adaptations promoted by physical exercise for older adults with and without sarcopenia. The validation enable studies that will propose cutoff points to identify sarcopenia with this submaximal protocol. This will enable early diagnosis and better management of sarcopenia, a disease with adverse impacts for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Pugliesi Abdalla
- 1College of Nursing of the University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto (EERP/USP), Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-902 Brazil
| | - Andesron Dos Santos Carvalho
- 2Paulista University, Physical Education, Avenida Presidente Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira, w/ no, São José do Rio Preto, 15092-415 SP Brazil
| | - André Pereira Dos Santos
- 1College of Nursing of the University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto (EERP/USP), Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-902 Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Rossini Venturini
- 1College of Nursing of the University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto (EERP/USP), Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-902 Brazil
| | - Thiago Cândido Alves
- 1College of Nursing of the University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto (EERP/USP), Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-902 Brazil
| | - Jorge Mota
- 3Center for Research in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa, 91, Porto, 4200-450 Portugal
| | - Dalmo Roberto Lopes Machado
- 1College of Nursing of the University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto (EERP/USP), Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-902 Brazil.,4School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto at the University of Sao Paulo (EEFERP/USP), Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-900 SP Brazil
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Akın S, Özer FF, Şahin GG, Özer NT. Effects of Ramadan fasting on lean body mass in the older people. Eur Geriatr Med 2020; 11:163-168. [PMID: 32297235 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-019-00272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In Islam, Ramadan fasting is a unique model that is associated with the restriction of food and fluid intake. We aimed to estimate the physiological effects of Ramadan fasting on muscle function and muscle mass in the older people. METHODS A random sample was recruited from healthy older Muslims people aged 60 years and older, who expressed an intention to fast for 30 days during the month of Ramadan. Walking speed was expressed in meters per second (m/s). Muscle strength was assessed by hand grip strength (HGS) with a dynamometer. A Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) device (BodystatQuadScan 1500, UK) was used for the evaluation of body composition. Dietary data of the patients during Ramadan were obtained by a 43-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). RESULTS The mean age [Standard Deviation(SD)] of the older people was 66.7(4.7) years of age and 50% were females. There were no significant changes in body weight, muscle function and muscle mass before and after Ramadan fasting in both genders. The mean SMI, mean (SD) kg/m2, values of females and males with adequate milk and yogurt consumption before and after Ramadan fasting were 8.03 (0.75) kg/m2 and 8.43(1.03) kg/m2 for females (p = 0.133) and 10.11(0.79) kg/m2 and 10.35 (0.93) kg/m2 for males (p = 0.59), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Ramadan fasting supplied no risk for muscle function and muscle mass in the older people. If the older people consume enough milk and yogurt in Ramadan, they may not loss muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Akın
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Erciyes School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, 38090, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Firuzan Fırat Özer
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Erciyes School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, 38090, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gülşah Güneş Şahin
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Erciyes School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, 38090, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nurhayat Tuğra Özer
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Erciyes School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, 38090, Kayseri, Turkey
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15
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Zhang XL, Zhang Z, Zhu YX, Tao J, Zhang Y, Wang YY, Ke YY, Ren CX, Xu J, Zhang XY. Comparison of the efficacy of Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 and Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form in recognizing sarcopenia and predicting its mortality. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74:1029-1037. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0621-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Eglseer D, Hoedl M, Schoberer D. Malnutrition risk and hospital-acquired falls in older adults: A cross-sectional, multicenter study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20:348-353. [PMID: 32036627 PMCID: PMC7187286 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim To assess the relationship of malnutrition risk and in‐hospital falls in a patient group of older hospitalized patients (65–79 and ≥80 years). Methods A cross‐sectional, multicenter, point‐prevalence study was conducted in 68 Austrian hospitals with 3702 hospitalized older patients. The relationship between malnutrition risk and falls was analyzed using univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses. Data were analyzed separately for two age groups, patients were aged 65–79 years (n = 2320) and ≥80 years (n = 1382). Results Prevalence of hospital‐acquired falls was 5.2%, and prevalence of risk of malnutrition was 24.3% (Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool) and 16.2% (definition using body mass index and weight loss). The univariate analysis showed significant associations of malnutrition risk and in‐hospital falls for patients aged ≥80 years (odds ratio 2.1; 95% confidence interval 1.2–3.6) but not for patients aged 65–79 years. The multivariate logistic regression analysis did not show significant associations between malnutrition risk and hospital‐acquired falls. Conclusions The results of this study show that malnutrition risk is a predictor for in‐hospital falls in very old patients (≥80 years). In this patient group, the screening and assessment of nutritional status as well as nutritional interventions for the prevention/treatment of malnutrition risk should be considered as one important factor for successful fall prevention. Studies are necessary to assess the effect of nutritional interventions as part of a multifaceted fall‐prevention program. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 348–353.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Eglseer
- Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Manuela Hoedl
- Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniela Schoberer
- Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Robinson S, Granic A, Sayer AA. Nutrition and Muscle Strength, As the Key Component of Sarcopenia: An Overview of Current Evidence. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122942. [PMID: 31817048 PMCID: PMC6950468 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Much has been achieved by recent research to increase understanding of the links between nutrition and muscle health. Focusing on muscle strength as the key component of sarcopenia, the aim of this overview was to evaluate its links to nutrition, both to variation in habitual diets in older populations, as well as considering supplementation effects in trials. A main message from the reviewed studies is that while many provide suggestive evidence of benefits of higher nutrient intakes and diets of higher quality, findings are inconsistent, and data on muscle strength are often lacking. To assess the potential of optimising diets as a strategy to promote and maintain muscle strength, gaps in current evidence need to be addressed. These include the need for (i) better understanding of individual differences in responsiveness to dietary change, and the need for targeted nutritional support; (ii) clearer distinction between protective and therapeutic actions of diet; and (iii) definition of the role of dietary patterns and their influence on muscle strength, to allow effects of changes in food consumption to be evaluated—particularly when combined with physical activity. Development of this evidence is needed to enable translation into appropriate dietary recommendations for older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Robinson
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK; (A.G.); (A.A.S.)
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-0-191-208-6000
| | - Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK; (A.G.); (A.A.S.)
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Avan Aihie Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK; (A.G.); (A.A.S.)
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
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18
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Juby AG, Mager DR. A review of nutrition screening tools used to assess the malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome (MSS) in the older adult. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019; 32:8-15. [PMID: 31221295 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition and sarcopenia are common in older adults. A new clinical syndrome has been suggested - the Malnutrition Sarcopenia Syndrome (MSS) - that may provide improved management, by highlighting two older adult conditions that can interact in a cumulative way to affect functional independence and health outcomes. This paper evaluates the published literature reporting data on both nutrition and sarcopenia evaluation simultaneously in the population studied, and creates a diagnostic algorithm. METHODS An inclusive, systematic literature search was done for articles including a simultaneous standardised evaluation of sarcopenia and nutritional status, from 1990-date. Sarcopenic status needed to be evaluated using accepted guidelines published by international guideline committees which include a functional muscle evaluation and a quantitative evaluation using bioimpedence assay or dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Nutritional status needed to evaluated with a standardised, validated nutritional screening tool that was not disease specific. RESULTS 11 studies met these criteria. They differed in their methodology for screening both sarcopenia and nutritional issues. They differed as to the population studied (community versus institutionalised versus hospitalised). CONCLUSIONS No one methodology was consistent for evaluation of sarcopenia or malnutrition. The concept of the Malnutrition Sarcopenia Syndrome intuitively makes sense to clinicians. This opinion paper suggests a possible clinical approach. The management and interventions for both conditions are likely to have considerable overlap. There needs to be some consensus on how to evaluate it, in order to be able to accurately interpret the impact of interventions that may be undertaken for one or both conditions simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela G Juby
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Facuty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Diana R Mager
- Agriculture Food and Nutrition Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Sousa‐Santos AR, Afonso C, Borges N, Santos A, Padrão P, Moreira P, Amaral TF. Factors associated with sarcopenia and undernutrition in older adults. Nutr Diet 2019; 76:604-612. [DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cláudia Afonso
- FCNAUP—Faculty of Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Nuno Borges
- FCNAUP—Faculty of Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of Porto Porto Portugal
- CINTESIS—Centre for Health Technology and Services Research Porto Portugal
| | - Alejandro Santos
- FCNAUP—Faculty of Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of Porto Porto Portugal
- I3S—Institute for Research and Innovation in HealthUniversity of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- FCNAUP—Faculty of Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of Porto Porto Portugal
- EPIUnit—Institute of Public HealthUniversity of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- FCNAUP—Faculty of Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of Porto Porto Portugal
- EPIUnit—Institute of Public HealthUniversity of Porto Porto Portugal
- CIAFEL—Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and LeisureUniversity of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Teresa F. Amaral
- FCNAUP—Faculty of Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of Porto Porto Portugal
- UISPA, LAETA‐INEGI—Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Porto Porto Portugal
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Abstract
The term malnutrition refers to both undernutrition and overnutrition. In healthcare, it most often refers to undernutrition, in particular disease-related malnutrition, which can be a result or a cause of an illness. The reasons for malnutrition are multifactorial, and its consequences may include an increased risk of pressure ulcers, reduced mobility and psychological effects such as depression. It is essential that nurses prioritise the nutritional care of all patients and identify those at risk of malnutrition using accurate and reliable nutrition screening tools. If there is a risk of malnutrition, further assessment and nutrition action planning can reduce the risk to the patient and improve their nutritional status. This article discusses the effects of disease-related malnutrition and outlines the role of screening tools and assessment in identifying patients who are malnourished or at risk of becoming malnourished. It also describes the nursing care that should be provided to patients with disease-related malnutrition, and emphasises the importance of using a multidisciplinary team approach involving speech and language therapists, dieticians, occupational therapists and physiotherapists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardip Malhi
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, England
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21
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Silva LD, Bering T, Rocha GA. The impact of nutrition on quality of life of patients with hepatitis C. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2017; 20:420-425. [PMID: 28617708 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this study was to review the most recent aspects of nutrition and its impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). RECENT FINDINGS Low HRQOL scores have been found in all stages of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Of the factors linked to HRQOL, three aspects should be emphasized, nutritional status, physical activity and mental health status. Regarding the nutrition and metabolic conditions, a broad spectrum of nutritional disorders may impact on HRQOL of patients with CHC. SUMMARY Malnutrition, which is a significant comorbidity in end-stage of all chronic liver diseases, has been recognized as a significant factor related to poor HRQOL. Of note, in individuals chronically infected with HCV, low muscle skeletal mass, an early indicator of undernourishment, precedes the development of cirrhosis. Because of the strict linkage between HRQOL, nutrition and physical activity, the assessment of the musculoskeletal system abnormalities in every patient with CHC, independently of the stage of the liver disease, is of utmost relevance. Maintenance of healthy skeletal muscle is essential to reduce the negative effects of sarcopenia on HRQOL. Otherwise, overweight/obesity and chronic HCV infection can cause insulin resistance, which has been associated with HRQOL impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana D Silva
- aDepartment of Internal Medicine, Medical School bAmbulatory of Viral Hepatitis, Alfa Institute of Gastroenterology, Medical School cLaboratory of Research in Bacteriology, Medical School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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