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Walker C. Differences in Test Anxiety Scores Among Baccalaureate Nursing Students and Nonnursing Students. Nurse Educ 2024; 49:200-205. [PMID: 37994474 DOI: 10.1097/nne.0000000000001578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Test-taking is a prominent cause of anxiety for nursing students. Test anxiety may interfere with academic performance, program completion, and successful transition to practice. Prior research suggests that nursing students are more test-anxious than other students, yet this concept is not well studied. PURPOSE This study examined differences between test anxiety in nursing and nonnursing students while comparing current trends related to academic level and gender. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, participants completed the Test Anxiety Inventory as a measure of perceived test anxiety. RESULTS Minimal differences in scores based on major and academic level were found. Differences based on gender were noted with females reporting higher levels of test anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Findings may help nurse educators better understand test anxiety and guide the implementation of supportive strategies to improve learning outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristen Walker
- Author Affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, The University of Scranton, Scranton, Pennsylvania
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Tan WY, Chen JN, Lu SH, Liu CQ, Zhou Y, Luo Q, Song LQ, Miao CY, Smith GD. Latent profiles of academic resilience in undergraduate nursing students and their association with resilience and self-efficacy. Nurse Educ Pract 2024; 77:103949. [PMID: 38593563 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2024.103949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the heterogeneity of academic resilience among nursing students using latent profile analysis and its associated influencing factors. BACKGROUND Nursing students experience higher levels of stress compared to their peers in other professions, and the cultivation of academic resilience plays a pivotal role in their ability to effectively cope with this stress. Academic resilience not only facilitates success in the face of academic adversity but also contributes to the promotion of mental well-being among nursing students. However, the current research on the academic resilience of nursing students has predominantly focused on a scale-centered total score approach, disregarding individual variability, and hindering the development to inform personalized interventions for enhancing academic resilience. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS A convenience sampling method was used to collect a total of 644 nursing students from two medical schools in Guangzhou City. The participants were recruited through an online survey conducted from January to March 2023. The questionnaires consisted of a general information form, the Chinese version of the Academic Resilience Scale-30 (C-ARS-30), the 10-item Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). Latent profile analysis was used to identify distinct categories of academic resilience among nursing students, and influencing factors were examined through ordinal logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The academic resilience levels of nursing students can be divided into three potential categories: 'low academic resilience' (13.0%), 'moderate academic resilience' (70.0%), and 'high academic resilience' (17.0%). Level of grade, GPA, self-reported physical health level, resilience and self-efficacy were significantly influenced the different categories of academic resilience of nursing students (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The majority of undergraduate nursing students were placed in the moderate academic resilience group, however, educational institutions should pay special attention to nursing students demonstrating low levels. Regular assessments of academic resilience are recommended, and personalized interventions should be tailored to address specific academic resilience characteristics across different grades of nursing students. Strategies aimed at enhancing academic resilience among nursing students may include improvements in GPA performance, attention to physical health, and the reinforcement of resilience and self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Tan
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Jia-Ni Chen
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Sui-Hua Lu
- School of Guangzhou Health Science College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510450, China
| | - Chun-Qin Liu
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China.
| | - Qing Luo
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Li-Qin Song
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Chu-Yuan Miao
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Graeme D Smith
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
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Williamson C, Wright ST, Beck Dallaghan GL. Test Anxiety Among US Medical Students: A Review of the Current Literature. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2024; 34:491-499. [PMID: 38686157 PMCID: PMC11055846 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-024-01999-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Medical students experience anxiety at higher rates than the general public and many are uniquely affected by additional test anxiety throughout their medical education. Although test anxiety has been studied for decades, little evidence has been published suggesting interventions improve examination performance in medical education. Therefore, we set out to review the current literature to elucidate efforts so far and establish trends in research. Methods Databases searched included PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO, ERIC, SCOPUS, and CINAHL. English language articles published between 2010 and 2021 were loaded into a reference manager to screen out duplicate articles. During the full-text screen and data extraction phase, reference lists were also inspected to identify additional articles for inclusion in the study. Results Of 883 studies identified, 860 were excluded resulting in 22 studies for extraction and analysis. First-year (n = 15) and second-year (n = 12) students were primarily tested. Less than 10 included third- or fourth-year students. Self-help and wellness interventions were employed, though interventions ranged from dog therapy to deep breathing techniques to fish oil supplementation. Test anxiety was evaluated using self-report questionnaires, such as the Westside Test Anxiety Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. None of the studies reported improved examination scores. Conclusion This review identifies a variety of measurement tools and interventions attempting to mitigate test anxiety. As far as improving examination performance, none of the interventions reported was successful. Further research addressing test anxiety that results in improved medical student academic performance should be conducted and also use established assessment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gary L Beck Dallaghan
- Department of Medical Education, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, 11937 US Hwy 271, Tyler, TX 75708 USA
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Jarso MH, Tariku M, Mamo A, Tsegaye T, Gezimu W. Test anxiety and its determinants among health sciences students at Mattu University: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1241940. [PMID: 38293594 PMCID: PMC10825858 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1241940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Test anxiety is a particular type of anxiety that is marked by physical, cognitive, and behavioural symptoms when taking and performing tests. It is defined as "severe stress" before, during, and after exams and other assessments. Test anxiety could cause poor academic performance and increase dropout rates. This study aimed to determine the levels of test anxiety and its determinants among health sciences students at Mattu University. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 421 selected students from June 1 to June 30, 2021. The study utilized the Westside Test Anxiety, the Oslo Social Support Scale, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and the Kessler Scale to assess test anxiety, social support, self-esteem, and psychological distress, respectively. The collected data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and then exported to STATA version 14.0 for analysis. A linear regression model was used to determine factors associated with test anxiety. The multiple regression assumptions were checked for each variable. Statistically significant effects were assumed for a p-value of less than 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval in the multiple linear regression analysis. Results A total of 416 (99%) participants were completed out of the 420 questionnaires administered. The mean score of test anxiety among participants was 25.3 (SD: ±5.51). Tobacco use (β: 1.028; 95% CI: 0.709-1.347), khat chewing (β: 0.115; 95% CI: 0.038-0.192), self-esteem (β: -0.049; 95% CI: -0.062-(-0.036)), psychological distress (β: 0.022; 95% CI: 0.017-0.027), and physical activity (β: -0.162; 95% CI: -0.224-(-0.099)) were shown to have a significant association with test anxiety. Conclusion Test anxiety was common in the study area. Current substance use (tobacco use and khat chewing) and psychological distress were discovered to be factors that exacerbated test anxiety, whereas self-esteem and physical activity were discovered to be factors that alleviated test anxiety. Therefore, students and stakeholders need to work to discourage those factors that increase test anxiety while promoting factors that alleviate it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mandaras Tariku
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Hararmaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Aman Mamo
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, Shashemene, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Tsegaye
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia
| | - Wubishet Gezimu
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia
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Gaffney MK. Reducing Medication Math Anxiety of Prelicensure Nursing Students Using Social Media Tutorials: A Feasibility Study. Nurse Educ 2024; 49:E17-E19. [PMID: 37348141 DOI: 10.1097/nne.0000000000001471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND First-semester prelicensure nursing students commonly report experiencing math anxiety that negatively affects academic performance and triggers fear of causing patient harm. Students often turn to social media platforms to supplement their learning experience. PURPOSE To explore the feasibility of using Instagram tutorials to reduce math anxiety of first-semester prelicensure nursing students. METHODS A quasi-experimental descriptive survey design was used to evaluate the utility of posting supplemental math tutorials on Instagram and examined the effect of tutorials on math anxiety levels. A convenience sample of 20 students used the tutorials. Math anxiety levels were evaluated using the Single-Item Math Anxiety Scale. RESULTS A statistically significant inverse relationship was observed between math anxiety levels and tutorial use. The Instagram platform was familiar to students and simple to access. Brief tutorials appealed to audio-visual learners. CONCLUSIONS Using Instagram-based tutorials is feasible and appears effective in reducing medication math anxiety.
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Huun KM, Slaven JE. Medication administration competency for clinical preparedness: Comparing testing modalities and test anxiety in undergraduate nursing students. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2023; 131:105960. [PMID: 37688944 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse drug events, which occur at various stages of the medication preparation and administration process, cause over half a million injuries or deaths yearly. Upon graduation, prelicensure nursing students lack the skill and competency required for safe medication administration. Therefore, it is essential to ascertain their medication administration proficiency throughout their curriculum prior to participation in clinical experiences. Historically, this has been a deeply embedded process of high-stakes testing. Aligned is cognitive test anxiety which can severely limit a student's performance. Thus, nursing student competency and control appraisal in medication administration can be linked to the Control Value Theory framework. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the research was to determine whether an e-simulated high-stakes medication administration test was associated with less anxiety than a standard high-stakes medication math assessment within and between two nursing tracks over three semesters to capture sequencing of medical-surgical clinical courses. DESIGN The prospective, quantitative, longitudinal study received Institutional Review Board approval. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Students were recruited from a traditional BSN track and an online LPN-to-BSN track per course level over three semesters. METHODS Participants completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory prior to their course level high-stakes assessment modality. RESULTS For both tracks, testing anxiety remained a factor with no significant difference in the anxiety level between assessment modalities. There was a trend for anxiety scores to slightly decrease over time with each testing modality, but results were non-significant. There was a trend for traditional BSN students (n = 435) to have slightly lower anxiety scores than the LPN-to-BSN (n = 246) students. CONCLUSIONS Researchers must continue investigating teaching, learning, and testing modalities in medication calculation/administration that maintain rigor, enhance student self-efficacy, and provide accurate assessment. These can be aligned with research regarding study skills training and cognitive-behavioral interventions to help mitigate the challenge of cognitive test anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Huun
- School of Nursing, Indiana State University, United States of America.
| | - James E Slaven
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University, United States of America
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Mingo S. Cultivating Student Success After Repeated Failure. J Christ Nurs 2023; 40:178-183. [PMID: 37271911 DOI: 10.1097/cnj.0000000000001075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Everyone experiences failure. This reality contrasts with human desire and societal culture to succeed. Students experiencing academic failure can struggle to learn from failure, find hope, build resilience, and create self-efficacy. Insights and strategies of learning and applying Scripture and practicing positive affirmations in a mentoring atmosphere with Christian faculty can lead students to understand and accept God's orchestration of failure for good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Mingo
- Sharon Mingo, MSN, RN , is the coordinator, instructor, and remediation specialist in the School of Nursing and Health Sciences at LaSalle University in Philadelphia, PA. She has been an educator and clinical faculty member for 18 years
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Hammoudi Halat D, Soltani A, Dalli R, Alsarraj L, Malki A. Understanding and Fostering Mental Health and Well-Being among University Faculty: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4425. [PMID: 37445459 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing recognition of mental health concerns in academia, with stress, burnout, anxiety, and depression being reported among faculty members. The demanding work environment, the need to balance personal and professional duties, and the constant pressure of productivity while navigating multiple tasks of teaching, research, mentorship, professional development, and service all impact the mental health and overall well-being of faculty. Higher education institutions have structurally changed as has the research landscape. These changes as well as faculty-specific and student-specific factors coupled to the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic have led to profound effects on the mental health of academics. This paper is a narrative review of the pertinent literature describing faculty mental health and well-being. It summarizes the available evidence on factors influencing faculty mental health and shows the prevalence of anxiety, depression, stress, and burnout among faculty from various academic fields and along the whole academic ladder. Using a suggested framework that collates the efforts of leaders and faculty, the paper concludes by exploring strategies that promote work-life balance among academics and suggesting effective interventions to improve their mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Hammoudi Halat
- Academic Quality Department, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Abderrezzaq Soltani
- Academic Quality Department, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Roua Dalli
- Academic Quality Department, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Lama Alsarraj
- Academic Quality Department, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Malki
- Academic Quality Department, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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Association between COVID-19-related Stress and Self-Directed Learning Ability among Korean Nursing Students. Nurse Educ Pract 2023; 69:103613. [PMID: 36996551 PMCID: PMC10030097 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Traditional face-to-face classes for nursing students due to the COVID (Coronavirus Disease)-19 pandemic around the world made it inevitable to operate education delivery method using remote/hybrid fashion. This study was aimed to validate the Korean version of the Student Stress Inventory-Stress Manifestations (SSI-SM) and assess the association between COVID-19 pandemic related stress level and self-directed learning ability competence in nursing students. Design This research was a cross-sectional study design. Methods The study was conducted from December 2020 to January 2021, with a convenience sample of 172 nursing students in the 3rd and 4th grades in South Korea. The Korean version of SSI-SM(K-SSI-SM) was translated and adapted according to standard guideline, and tested construct validity and reliability. In addition, a multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the associations between the COVID-19 related stress level and the self-directed learning ability. Results An exploratory analysis showed that K-SSI-SM composed of 13-item in three factors (uncertainty, non-sociability, and somatization) accounted for 68.73% of the total variance after it was modified. The internal consistency was good with 0.91. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that higher self-directed learning ability was associated with lower stress levels (β=-0.19, p=0.008), positive toward online learning (β=0.41, p=0.003) and scored higher in theory (β=0.30, p<0.001) in nursing students. Conclusion The K-SSI-SM is an acceptable instrument for assessing stress levels in Korean-nursing students. And nursing faculties need to pay attention to related factors of self-directed learning ability, in order to achieve the course's self-directed learning goal in students attending online classes.
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Kells M, Jennings Mathis K. Influence of COVID-19 on the next generation of nurses in the United States. J Clin Nurs 2023; 32:359-367. [PMID: 35043488 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/OBJECTIVES Examine the affective state (anxiety, depression), life satisfaction, stress and worry, media consumption and perceptions of pursuing a career in nursing amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. BACKGROUND Nursing students worldwide have reported increased stress, fear and anxiety amidst challenges and risks associated with COVID-19. It remains unclear what impact COVID-19 will have on nursing students in the United States (US) as they prepare to enter the workforce. DESIGN Cross-sectional study of undergraduate nursing students at one university in the Northeastern United States. METHODS Students (N = 161) completed an online survey (July 2020) about health and life satisfaction, affective state (depression, anxiety), stress and interest in pursuing nursing. Descriptive statistical analysis described sample and quantitative data. Linear regression was used to examine whether media consumption, stress, affective states predicted interest in pursuing a nursing career. Qualitative thematic analysis was applied to the open-ended question, 'How has COVID-19 influenced your interest in pursuing a nursing career?'. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) checklist was used to evaluate methodological quality. RESULTS Mean stress score was 56.6 (range 0-100), 55.6% of respondents felt unsettled about the future, and 68.2% reported feeling overwhelmed. 18.7% of students reported moderate to severe anxiety, 19.8% reported moderate to severe depression and 54.4% reported that COVID-19 influenced their interest in nursing. Six themes emerged from qualitative analysis: no change, reaffirming/confirmatory, importance of nursing, reality check, positive influence and negative influence. CONCLUSIONS Universities/colleges and nursing faculty should prioritise universal mental health assessment for nursing students and enhance mental health services to support and monitor this population. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Mental health services to support nursing students are warranted in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Reduction in nursing workforce may have significant impacts on staffing ratios, patient outcomes, nurse burn-out and other aspects of clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Kells
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Kaur Khaira M, Raja Gopal RL, Mohamed Saini S, Md Isa Z. Interventional Strategies to Reduce Test Anxiety among Nursing Students: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1233. [PMID: 36673999 PMCID: PMC9858718 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nursing students are reported to have moderate to high test anxiety, leading to reduced academic performance, poor self-esteem, and failure to complete the program and practice nursing. This review aims to examine the interventions for test anxiety reduction in nursing students. Following the PRISMA guidelines, peer-reviewed experimental studies published in English between 2016 and 2021 from four databases, EBSCOhost, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus, were systematically searched. The findings were presented in tabular and narrative form. Among the 722 studies retrieved, 14 selected studies were critically appraised, guided by the Joanna Briggs checklist for Randomized Controlled Trials and the checklist for Quasi-Experimental Studies, resulting in 11 studies for inclusion in the systematic review. Test anxiety was assessed by different scales. Aromatherapy hand massage, aromatherapy using a diffuser in combination with music therapy, confidence training for test relaxation, coping program, music therapy, emotional freedom technique, animal-assisted intervention, and guided imagery were all found to be effective in reducing test anxiety. In conclusion, while numerous interventions to reduce test anxiety in nursing students were found to be effective, the quality of the studies investigating these interventions was varied with generally small sample sizes and limited follow-up. Future research should be conducted, and the same interventions should be carried out using a larger sample size to strengthen the body of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjit Kaur Khaira
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya 63000, Malaysia
| | | | - Suriati Mohamed Saini
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Zaleha Md Isa
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Luan J, Yang M, Zhao Y, Zang Y, Zhang Z, Chen H. Aromatherapy with inhalation effectively alleviates the test anxiety of college students: A meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1042553. [PMID: 36687893 PMCID: PMC9853416 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1042553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Test anxiety is one of the common psychological and behavioral problems of college students, which can result in poor academic performance and even academic failure. Aromatherapy has been proposed as a promising method to reduce test anxiety in college students, but its precise efficacy has not been fully confirmed. This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of aromatherapy on the symptoms of test anxiety in college students to serve as a reference for future research and provide more scientific and exact evidence. Methods PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Science Direct, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Journal Full-Text Database (VIP), and Wanfang Data were electronically searched from inception to June 2022 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on aromatherapy for treating students' test anxiety. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for RCTs was used by two reviewers to critically and independently assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Review Manager 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis. Stata 17.0 was used for sensitivity analysis and Egger's test. Results Seven RCTs included 425 patients, with a moderate risk of bias in the included studies. The meta-analysis found that aromatherapy effectively reduced test anxiety in college students (SMD = -0.67, p < 0.01), with high heterogeneity of results (I 2 = 72%). The different types of essential oil devices used in the study are the source of inter-study heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis suggested that most effective methods were aromatherapy with compound essential oils (SMD = -0.91, p < 0.01), and using cloths or pads as the essential oil devices (SMD = -1.03, p < 0.01). There was no difference between aromatherapy and placebo control groups (SMD = -0.65, p = 0.25). Conclusion Aromatherapy with inhalation can help relieve test anxiety in college students, but more and higher-quality studies are needed. This study provides a reference for future research designs in terms of the selection of essential oil types and devices and the design of research groups. Systematic review registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42022345767].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiage Luan
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengshu Yang
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Zang
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haiying Chen
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Factors to predict the knowledge, attitude and practice of nursing interruptions among nurses: A nationwide cross-sectional survey. Nurse Educ Pract 2022; 64:103428. [PMID: 35970094 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2022.103428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify the knowledge, attitude and practice of nursing interruptions and related factors among nurses in China. BACKGROUND Nursing interruptions are extremely common and have introduced major security risks and harm to hospitalized patients. However, nursing interruptions' factors are not well known. DESIGN A nationwide cross-sectional descriptive survey. METHODS A multistratified random sampling method was used to obtain nurses from five provinces in China. We collected data by online questionnaires (the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Questionnaire of Nursing Interruptions, the Chinese Revised Safety Attitude Questionnaire and the Coping Adaptation Processing Scale). We used the Mann-Whitney test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman's linear correlation analysis and multiple linear stepwise regression to analyze the data. A STROBE checklist was used to report the results. RESULTS Of the 14500 questionnaires distributed, 14302 (98.6 %) were returned. The mean score was 79.69 (SD 17.73) and the level was medium. Having attended nursing interruptions training and attended nursing safety training, safety attitude, coping ability and position were positive factors, while age and marital status were negative factors (F=1068.226, p < 0.001, R2 =0.374, adjusted R2 =0.373). CONCLUSIONS Chinese nurses expressed a moderate level of knowledge, attitude and practice of nursing interruptions. Safety attitude, having attended nursing interruptions training, coping ability, having attended nursing safety training, position, age and marital status were predictors. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Nursing managers should pay attention to the influencing factors of clinical nurses' knowledge, attitude and practice of nursing interruptions and take effective individualized training for clinical nurses with different ages, positions and marital status to improve their coping ability, so as to ensure nursing safety and improve nursing quality.
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Yi QF, Yan J, Zhang CJ, Yang GL, Huang H, Yang Y. The experience of anxiety among Chinese undergraduate nursing students in the later period of their internships: findings from a qualitative study. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:70. [PMID: 35351129 PMCID: PMC8961083 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-00847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Clinical internships are a critical transition period for nursing students to develop into nursing professionals and are essential for the solidification of their professional attitudes. Undergraduate nursing students face multiple sources of severe anxiety that affect their nursing career development during this period. This study aimed to understand the anxiety experienced by undergraduate nursing students in the later period of their internship periods in a Chinese educational context.
Methods
A descriptive qualitative study was conducted. A purposive sample of 17 undergraduate nursing interns with experiences of anxiety was selected from three teaching hospitals in Hunan Province, China. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the Colaizzi seven-step method for data analysis.
Results
Three themes emerged: the sources of perceived anxiety, the psychological journey of coping with anxiety, and suggestions for nursing management and education. The sub-themes for the first theme included career decision dilemmas, competitive pressures for employment, worries about progress of the graduation projects, challenges of the nursing licensure examination, and low self-confidence in clinical competence. The second theme consisted of two sub-themes: negative avoidance and retreat, and positive preparation and response. The third theme consisted of policy support to create more employment opportunities, comprehensive guidance from nursing schools and hospitals, and psychological assistance and counseling.
Conclusions
This study revealed that undergraduate nursing students were prone to anxiety during the later period of their clinical internships. Specific sources of anxiety encompassed career decision-making, job pursuit, graduation, and licensure examination. Undergraduate nursing students adopted both positive and negative approaches in coping with anxiety during the later period of their clinical internships. Nursing educators and administrators should develop appropriate instructions and support systems to reduce anxiety among undergraduate nursing students.
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Kim MS, Choi BK, Uhm JY, Ryu JM, Kang MK, Park J. Relationships between Nursing Students’ Skill Mastery, Test Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, and Facial Expressions: A Preliminary Observational Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020311. [PMID: 35206925 PMCID: PMC8872008 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Test anxiety and self-efficacy significantly influence the mastery of nursing skills. Facial expression recognition tools are central components to recognising these elements. This study investigated the frequent facial expressions conveyed by nursing students and examined the relationships between nursing skill mastery, test anxiety, self-efficacy, and facial expressions in a test-taking situation. Thirty-three second-year nursing students who were attending a university in a Korean metropolitan city participated. Test anxiety, self-efficacy, and facial expressions were collected while the students inserted indwelling catheters. Using Microsoft Azure software, the researchers examined the students’ facial expressions. Negative facial expressions, such as anger, disgust, sadness, and surprise, were more common during the test-taking situation than the practice trial. Fear was positively correlated with anxiety. None of the facial expressions had significant relationships with self-efficacy; however, disgust was positively associated with nursing skill mastery. The facial expressions during the practice and test-taking situations were similar; however, fear and disgust may have been indicators of test anxiety and skill mastery. To create a screening tool for detecting and caring for students’ emotions, further studies should explore students’ facial expressions that were not evaluated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Soo Kim
- Department of Nursing, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (M.S.K.); (J.-Y.U.); (M.K.K.)
| | - Byung Kwan Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea;
| | - Ju-Yeon Uhm
- Department of Nursing, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (M.S.K.); (J.-Y.U.); (M.K.K.)
| | - Jung Mi Ryu
- Department of Nursing, Busan Institute of Science and Technology, Busan 46639, Korea;
| | - Min Kyeong Kang
- Department of Nursing, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (M.S.K.); (J.-Y.U.); (M.K.K.)
| | - Jiwon Park
- Department of Nursing, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (M.S.K.); (J.-Y.U.); (M.K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-629-5782
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Özer Z, Teke N, Turan GB, Bahçecik AN. Effectiveness of Lemon Essential Oil in Reducing Test Anxiety in Nursing Students. Explore (NY) 2022; 18:526-532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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17
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Parbery-Clark C, Lubamba M, Tanner L, McColl E. Animal-Assisted Interventions for the Improvement of Mental Health Outcomes in Higher Education Students: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10768. [PMID: 34682513 PMCID: PMC8535789 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAIs), particularly Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) and Animal-Assisted Activity (AAA), in improving mental health outcomes for students in higher education. The number of students in higher education reporting mental health problems and seeking support from universities' student support services has risen over recent years. Therefore, providing engaging interventions, such as AAIs, that are accessible to large groups of students are attractive. METHODS MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched from relative inception to end of April 2020. Additionally, a grey literature search was undertaken. Independent screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were completed, with varying percentages, by two reviewers. RESULTS After de-duplication, 6248 articles were identified of which 11 studies were included in the narrative synthesis. The evidence from randomised controlled trials suggests that AAIs could provide short-term beneficial results for anxiety in students attending higher education but with limited evidence for stress, and inconclusive evidence for depression, well-being and mood. For the non-statistically significant results, the studies either did not include a power calculation or were under-powered. CONCLUSIONS Potential emerging evidence for the short-term benefits of AAI for anxiety, and possibly stress, for students in higher education was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Parbery-Clark
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (M.L.); (L.T.); (E.M.)
- Newcastle City Council, Civic Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8QH, UK
| | - Marvellas Lubamba
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (M.L.); (L.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Louise Tanner
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (M.L.); (L.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Elaine McColl
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (M.L.); (L.T.); (E.M.)
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18
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Cygan H, Bejster M, Tribbia C, Vondracek H. Impact of COVID-19 on public health nursing student learning outcomes. Public Health Nurs 2021; 39:481-487. [PMID: 34614222 PMCID: PMC8662227 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of a strong, effective public health nursing workforce while also requiring public health nursing faculty to adapt teaching strategies as courses transitioned online. It is essential to understand how the pandemic-enforced transition from face-to-face to remote learning impacts student outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to compare student learning outcomes in a pre-licensure public health nursing course before, during, and after the transition to remote learning. METHODS Descriptive statistics were computed for assignments, exams, and final course grades for three terms (Fall 2019, Spring 2020 and Fall 2020). RESULTS Analysis showed statistically significant differences between terms for assignments and exams but not the final course grade. However, these differences were driven by small standard deviations rather than differences between mean scores demonstrating that there was actual little difference in student learning outcomes across terms. CONCLUSIONS Authors suggest strategies to support consistent academic outcomes and future research needed understand student learning outcomes during the pandemic; ultimately building the public health nursing workforce necessary to address the current and future public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide Cygan
- Community Systems and Mental Health, College of Nursing, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mallory Bejster
- Community Systems and Mental Health, College of Nursing, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Carly Tribbia
- Community Health Nursing, Faculty Practice, College of Nursing, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hugh Vondracek
- Office of Research and Scholarship, College of Nursing, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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19
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Takhdat K, El Adib AR, Lamtali S. Stress and anxiety in nursing simulation. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2021; 28:748-749. [PMID: 33048451 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Takhdat
- Faculty of sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco.,Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Rhassane El Adib
- Marrakesh Simulation and Innovation in Health Sciences Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Saloua Lamtali
- Faculty of sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco.,Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Marrakesh, Morocco
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20
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Owegi R, Burdick K, Cannon E, McQuiston L, Arvin S. Medication math dosage assessment anxiety in undergraduate nursing students: A systematic review. J Prof Nurs 2021; 37:735-740. [PMID: 34187672 DOI: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medication calculation assessment is commonplace in undergraduate nursing programs. A test is routinely used to assist in the determination of safe medication administration practice in a clinical setting. Multiple factors negatively impact student performance. AIM The aim of this article is to analyze current literature related to medication calculation assessment and undergraduate nursing student anxiety. METHOD A systematic review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles included were peer-reviewed publications focused on undergraduate nursing student anxiety related to medication dosage calculation. FINDINGS Anxiety related to medication calculation assessments can stem from students' personal lives and previous math experiences. Interventions related to increasing self-efficacy can impact student performance on assessments. CONCLUSION A variety of interventions to assist undergraduate nursing students increase performance on assessments were indicated in the literature. Advances in educational technologies allow for more assessment options to facilitate safe medication practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Owegi
- Indiana State University, IN, United States of America.
| | | | - Emily Cannon
- Indiana State University, IN, United States of America
| | | | - Shelley Arvin
- Indiana State University, IN, United States of America
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21
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Moore LC, Goldsberry J, Fowler C, Handwerker S. Academic and Nonacademic Predictors of BSN Student Success on the HESI Exit Exam. Comput Inform Nurs 2021; 39:570-577. [PMID: 33935207 DOI: 10.1097/cin.0000000000000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
First-time success rate on the NCLEX-RN examination has significant implications for BSN students, faculty, and schools of nursing. Many nursing programs utilize standardized examinations such as the HESI Exit Exam to quantify student success on knowledge of nursing concepts and to prepare students for success on the NCLEX-RN. Nursing faculty must be able to identify predictors of student success early in the nursing program in order to offer appropriate support and remediation. The purpose of this retrospective, correlational study was to determine predictive variables of BSN student success on the HESI Exit Exam in a southeastern university. Students who reported higher test anxiety scored significantly lower on the HESI Exit Exam. Higher medical-surgical I HESI examination scores, higher medical-surgical II HESI examination scores, higher obstetrics HESI examination scores, and higher final grade point average were significant predictors of students' HESI Exit Exam scores and accounted for 39% of the variance in the scores. Results from this study suggest implementing remediation based on HESI Specialty Exam scores and interventions aimed at reducing test anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie C Moore
- Author Affiliation: Georgia College & State University, Milledgeville
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22
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Anderson D, Brown S. The effect of animal-assisted therapy on nursing student anxiety: A randomized control study. Nurse Educ Pract 2021; 52:103042. [PMID: 33839594 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Nursing student stress has a major impact on academic performance and testing anxiety is one prominent source. This study evaluated the influence of dogs in decreasing student anxiety at a nursing program prior to a medication dosage calculation exam. METHOD This study uses a convenience sample randomly assigned to a control and intervention group with a pre-pre, pre, post and post-post-test using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The intervention group experienced a therapy dog intervention prior to the medication dosage calculation exam. RESULTS Using a repeated measures one-way MANOVA, there was a statistically significance difference between intervention and control groups Wilk's ∧ = 0.761, F(8, 79) = 3.103, p < 0.01. CONCLUSION A brief interaction with therapy dogs prior to a medication calculation exam decreased anxiety in a convenience sample of nursing students. This study adds empirical knowledge to the field of animal-assisted therapy and nursing student anxiety-coping methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Della Anderson
- University of Kansas, 1450 Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Stephanie Brown
- University of Kansas, 1450 Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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23
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Sun FK, Phil ALD, Chiang CY, Yang CJ, Lu CY. Nursing graduates' lived experiences of anxiety during their final year at University: a phenomenological study. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2021; 96:104614. [PMID: 33130446 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing students voiced that they were stressed or anxious during their final year at university. Further, they articulated that their anxiety affected their academic performance as well as their motivation to work on their clinical placement. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to describe nursing graduates' perceptions of their lived experiences of anxiety during their final year. DESIGN Phenomenology was chosen. SETTINGS Three universities in Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS A purposive sample of 18 nursing graduates with experiences of anxiety. METHODS Data were collected using a semi-structured interview and analyzed utilizing Colaizzi's seven-step method. RESULTS Four themes emerged from the findings. The first was: uncertainty about future employment. This included negative clinical practicum experiences impacted on future career choices and uncertainty about future workplace choices. The second theme was: emotional relationships and life experiences becoming chaotic. This included anxiety about the loss of established relationships and financial insecurities. The third theme was: three phases of anxiety experienced in preparation for the national examination. They comprised: feeling anxiety but not taking action to study; increasing anxiety and beginning to study and, exacerbated anxiety and cramming for the national examination. The fourth theme was: adjustment strategies. They involved; looking for support to release emotional stress; changing the situation and fine-tuning the stress; positive thinking and self-affirmations and also, self-reflecting and consolidating learning. CONCLUSIONS Finding could inform nursing teachers on nurses' lived experiences of anxiety during their final year, especially that related to the national examination before registration. Further, findings could be used as a map to facilitate nursing teachers in the provision of suitable teaching and counselling for final year students to alleviate their anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Ko Sun
- Department of Nursing, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Ann Long D Phil
- Honorary Fellow of Ulster University, School of Nursing, Ulster University, 41. North Parade, Ormeau Road, Belfast BT 72GH, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Chun-Ying Chiang
- Department of Nursing, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Ching-Ju Yang
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, No.138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chu-Yun Lu
- Department of Nursing, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan, ROC.
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24
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Baluwa MA, Lazaro M, Mhango L, Msiska G. Stress and Coping Strategies Among Malawian Undergraduate Nursing Students. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2021; 12:547-556. [PMID: 34093050 PMCID: PMC8169817 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s300457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stress among nursing students has been widely investigated across the globe, and evidence suggests that nursing programs are stressful. Students from resource constrained contexts, such as Malawi, often find it difficult and over stressing to be socialized into the nursing profession. However, this area has not been adequately investigated in Malawi. The aim of the study was to investigate stress and its coping strategies among nursing students in Malawi. METHODS This was a quantitative study which used a descriptive cross-sectional design that included 102 students in years 2, 3 and 4. Data were collected using the adapted standard tools (Perceived Stress Scale and Adaptive Version of the Nurse Stress Scale) to comprehensively measure levels of stress categorised as clinical, academic and external. The brief Cope was used to measure common coping strategies. Independent samples t test and ANOVA were run at 5% level of significance to analyze the data. RESULTS Moderate levels of stress were perceived by this sample. Academic category contributed to more stress than clinical and external sources. Lecturers, clinical teachers and nursing staff were the major contributors of stress among students. Similarly, high levels of stress were found among year 2 and self-sponsored students. In terms of coping strategies, active coping and planning were the common coping strategies. However, substance use was also recorded as a coping strategy. CONCLUSION The study revealed that although nursing students face various challenges in under-resourced environments, teachers and clinical staff highly contribute towards stress. It was then established that stress among nursing students' can be contained by initiating stress reduction interventions. There is also need to further investigate the extent of substance use as it suggests that some students have not been able to cope with current stress levels hence resorting to use of substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumbuko Albert Baluwa
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi
- Correspondence: Masumbuko Albert Baluwa Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Mzuzu University, Private Bag 201 Luwinga, Mzuzu 2, MalawiTel +265999229714 Email
| | - Matthews Lazaro
- University of Malawi, Kamuzu College of Nursing, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Lucky Mhango
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi
| | - Gladys Msiska
- University of Malawi, Kamuzu College of Nursing, Lilongwe, Malawi
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25
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Moore MF, Montgomery L, Cobbs T. Increasing student success through in-class resilience education. Nurse Educ Pract 2020; 50:102948. [PMID: 33316617 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Student performance can be affected by internal and external stressors, so we explored the effects of an experiential psychiatric/mental health nursing class designed to present methods of stress reduction. Mixed methods to assess the effects of experiential learning about self-care in a baccalaureate psychiatric nursing class were used with 113 nursing students. Students were exposed in class each week to one of 6 techniques: deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, mindfulness & exercise, aromatherapy, guided imagery, and yoga. Students used the method at home and journaled about the experience weekly. Journals and free-text responses from a post-intervention assessment were examined with qualitative content analysis. The Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Ten-Item Personality Inventory, and the Skovholt Practitioner Professional Resiliency and Self-Care inventory were used. Moderate to strong negative correlations between emotional stability (Ten-Item) and anxiety scores (Beck) was seen. Themes included physical/emotional effects of stress, lack of control during nursing school, and fears about communicating with psychiatric patients. Preferred coping methods were easy to perform, portable, and low cost; students used them to alleviate anxiety and promote relaxation before sleep. Family/friend support and self-care promoted professional vitality. Lack of time for self-care, sleep problems, and financial problems were negatives for students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tonia Cobbs
- School of Nursing, Sam Houston State University, USA
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26
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Gallego-Gómez JI, Campillo-Cano M, Carrión-Martínez A, Balanza S, Rodríguez-González-Moro MT, Simonelli-Muñoz AJ, Rivera-Caravaca JM. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Homebound Nursing Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207383. [PMID: 33050435 PMCID: PMC7600682 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
University students are predisposed to stress, which could be even higher in Nursing students since they are directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic given their health training and area of knowledge. Our purpose was to assess the stress levels of Nursing students before and during lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Murcia (Spain), its influence on taking an online exam and how it was affected by physical exercise. This was an observational and prospective study including Nursing students from the second year of the Nursing Degree from 3 February to 23 April 2020. Three measurements were performed: one before lockdown and two during lockdown. Stress increased substantially during lockdown. Financial, family or emotional problems, as well as physical exercise, also increased. Indeed, at 40 days of lockdown, those students with financial, family or emotional problems, and less physical exercise reported significantly higher stress levels. In addition, those who passed the online exam had lower stress levels compared to those who failed. In conclusion, during lockdown, stress in Nursing students increased. This could be triggered by students' personal problems, and physical exercise may be used as a way to reduce stress. Academic performance was better in those students reporting less stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Inés Gallego-Gómez
- Faculty of Nursing, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe de Maciascoque, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (J.I.G.-G.); (M.C.-C.); (S.B.); (M.T.R.-G.-M.)
| | - María Campillo-Cano
- Faculty of Nursing, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe de Maciascoque, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (J.I.G.-G.); (M.C.-C.); (S.B.); (M.T.R.-G.-M.)
| | - Aurora Carrión-Martínez
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, CIBERCV, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.C.-M.); (J.M.R.-C.)
| | - Serafín Balanza
- Faculty of Nursing, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe de Maciascoque, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (J.I.G.-G.); (M.C.-C.); (S.B.); (M.T.R.-G.-M.)
| | - María Teresa Rodríguez-González-Moro
- Faculty of Nursing, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe de Maciascoque, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (J.I.G.-G.); (M.C.-C.); (S.B.); (M.T.R.-G.-M.)
| | - Agustín Javier Simonelli-Muñoz
- Faculty of Nursing, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe de Maciascoque, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (J.I.G.-G.); (M.C.-C.); (S.B.); (M.T.R.-G.-M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - José Miguel Rivera-Caravaca
- Department of Cardiology, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, CIBERCV, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.C.-M.); (J.M.R.-C.)
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
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27
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Brodersen L, Lorenz R. Perceived stress, physiological stress reactivity, and exit exam performance in a prelicensure Bachelor of Science nursing program. Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh 2020; 17:/j/ijnes.2020.17.issue-1/ijnes-2019-0121/ijnes-2019-0121.xml. [PMID: 32573471 DOI: 10.1515/ijnes-2019-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives High-stakes exams are a source of chronic stress that may adversely affect nursing students' thinking, behavior, and overall health. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships of perceived stress, physiological stress reactivity, and exit exam performance. Methods A within-subjects design allowed measurement of perceived stress, salivary cortisol, and salivary alpha amylase in pre-licensure nursing students under two different conditions: a high-stakes exit exam and a low-stakes homework assignment. Results Perceived stress and salivary alpha amylase were significantly higher after the high-stakes exam compared to the homework condition. Perceived stress after the exam was correlated with lower exam score. Conclusion Study findings suggest that in response to a high-stakes exam, prelicensure nursing students experience high levels of perceived stress coupled with sympathetic activation but not activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Lorenz
- University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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28
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Gallego-Gómez JI, Balanza S, Leal-Llopis J, García-Méndez JA, Oliva-Pérez J, Doménech-Tortosa J, Gómez-Gallego M, Simonelli-Muñoz AJ, Rivera-Caravaca JM. Effectiveness of music therapy and progressive muscle relaxation in reducing stress before exams and improving academic performance in Nursing students: A randomized trial. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2020; 84:104217. [PMID: 31683132 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2019.104217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing students experiencing high stress levels before exams could suffer worse academic performance. OBJECTIVE We evaluated an intervention combining Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) and music therapy on the decrease of before exams stress and the improvement of academic results. DESIGN AND METHODS Randomized controlled trial including students from the Nursing Degree during the first semester of the 2017-2018 academic year. All participants were randomized to the control (CG) or the experimental group (EG). The CG took the exam as usual whereas in the EG, PMR and music therapy were performed before exams. Blood samples were drawn to investigate variations in biochemical parameters. The academic performance was assessed by the score obtained in the "Clinical Nursing" exam. RESULTS We included 112 students (75% females, mean age 24.3 ± 6.2 years, 56 students in every group). There were no differences in any parameter during the first measurement. Regarding the second measurement, we observed a reduction in heart rate for the EG and an increase in blood pressure, heart rate, and cortisol for the CG. Indeed, these parameters were significantly higher compared to the EG. The EG had a mean score of 5.07 ± 1.59 in the Clinical Nursing exam, which was significantly higher compared to the CG (4.42 ± 1.58, p = 0.033). The proportion of fails in the CG was also higher (62.5% vs. 42.9%, p = 0.037). CONCLUSION In this study including students from the Nursing degree, the combination of PMR and music therapy was effective for the control and decrease of stress before exams, and also demonstrated improvements in academic results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serafín Balanza
- Faculty of Nursing, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Jesús Leal-Llopis
- Faculty of Nursing, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | | | - José Oliva-Pérez
- Faculty of Nursing, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - José Miguel Rivera-Caravaca
- Faculty of Nursing, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain; Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), CIBERCV, Murcia, Spain
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Gebhart V, Buchberger W, Klotz I, Neururer S, Rungg C, Tucek G, Zenzmaier C, Perkhofer S. Distraction-focused interventions on examination stress in nursing students: Effects on psychological stress and biomarker levels. A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Pract 2019; 26:e12788. [PMID: 31724291 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing students all over the world experience high levels of stress with negative impacts on their health, emotional state and performance. AIM This study aimed to investigate the effects of distraction-focused interventions on examination stress and anxiety in nursing students. METHODS A randomized controlled, parallel trial design was conducted from January to June 2016. After baseline measurement, 72 participants were randomized to one of the following groups (n = 18 each): (i) animal-assisted therapy; (ii) music therapy; (iii) mandala painting; (iv) control group. Outcomes of all groups in terms of stress-reduction were compared by measuring self-reported perceived stress (STAI-State and visual analogue stress scale) and salivary biomarker levels (Cortisol and Immunoglobulin A). RESULTS Fifty-seven complete data sets (n = 12-16 for each group) were analysed. All distraction-focused interventions showed stress and anxiety reduction in everyday school situations. By contrast, on days with examinations, stress reductions did not reach statistical significance in regard to self-reported psychological stress. At the same time, interventions resulted in significantly decreased levels of stress biomarkers (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary findings suggest positive but situation-dependent effects of distraction-focused interventions in academic settings. Further research should investigate the complex relationship between physiological and psychological stress parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Gebhart
- FHG - Zentrum für Gesundheitsberufe Tirol GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Waltraud Buchberger
- FHG - Zentrum für Gesundheitsberufe Tirol GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria.,Ausbildungszentrum West für Gesundheitsberufe der Tirol Kliniken GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Isabella Klotz
- Ausbildungszentrum West für Gesundheitsberufe der Tirol Kliniken GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Christine Rungg
- FHG - Zentrum für Gesundheitsberufe Tirol GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
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Bhurtun HD, Azimirad M, Saaranen T, Turunen H. Stress and Coping Among Nursing Students During Clinical Training: An Integrative Review. J Nurs Educ 2019; 58:266-272. [PMID: 31039260 DOI: 10.3928/01484834-20190422-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing students perceive stress during clinical trainings and use various coping strategies to manage it. This integrative review critically appraises previous literature on stress and coping strategies among undergraduate nursing students during clinical training. METHOD An integrative review procedure was followed. Five electronic databases were searched with various search terms. A total of 1,170 publications were screened, 13 of which were included in the review. RESULTS Most studies applied a cross-sectional, descriptive approach. Students perceived moderate to high levels of stress during their clinical trainings, with problem solving and transference the most common coping techniques. Teachers and nursing staff were a strong stressor because students felt they were constantly being observed and evaluated. CONCLUSION The findings may provide guidance for how nursing staff can mentor students during clinical practice and establish a more supportive clinical environment. [J Nurs Educ. 2019;58(5):266-272.].
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Poorman SG, Mastorovich ML, Gerwick M. Interventions for Test Anxiety: How Faculty Can Help. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN NURSING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.teln.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Goldsberry JW, Handwerker SM, Moore LC. BSN Exam Scheduling across Same Semester Courses-Improving Student Success: A Retrospective, Comparative, Descriptive Research Study. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN NURSING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.teln.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Positive Prompts: A Quick Exercise to Reduce Test Anxiety. Nurse Educ 2018; 44:249. [PMID: 30585887 DOI: 10.1097/nne.0000000000000641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
A pre-exam guided imagery intervention was implemented with 49 senior baccalaureate nursing students to address test anxiety. The intervention consisted of listening to a 10-minute recorded audio guided imagery exercise. Self-reported anxiety levels were measured using a Likert scale pre- and post-guided imagery. Most students demonstrated a reduction in test anxiety postintervention.
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Li C, Yin H, Zhao J, Shang B, Hu M, Zhang P, Chen L. Interventions to promote mental health in nursing students: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Adv Nurs 2018; 74:2727-2741. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- School of Nursing Jinlin University Changchun China
| | - Huiru Yin
- Department of Pediatrics School of Nursing Jinlin University Changchun China
| | - Jinping Zhao
- School of Nursing Jinlin University Changchun China
| | | | - Mingyue Hu
- School of Nursing Jinlin University Changchun China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing Jinlin University Changchun China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Nursing Jinlin University Changchun China
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Quinn BL, Smolinski M, Peters AB. Strategies to Improve NCLEX-RN Success: A Review. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN NURSING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.teln.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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