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Viggiano P, Gaudiomonte M, Procoli U, Micelli Ferrari L, Borrelli E, Boscia G, Ferrara A, De Vitis F, Scalise G, Albano V, Alessio G, Boscia F. Short-Term Morpho-Functional Changes before and after Strabismus Surgery in Children Using Structural Optical Coherence Tomography: A Pilot Study. Vision (Basel) 2024; 8:21. [PMID: 38651442 PMCID: PMC11036279 DOI: 10.3390/vision8020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the immediate alterations in the thickness of the macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), inner retinal layer (IRL), and outer retinal layer (ORL) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) subsequent to strabismus surgery in pediatric patients diagnosed with horizontal esotropia. METHODS Twenty-eight eyes from twenty-one child patients who had undergone uncomplicated horizontal rectus muscle surgery due to strabismus were included. Measurements of RNFL, mGCL-IPL, IRL, and ORL using structural OCT were conducted both before the surgery and one month after the surgical procedure. Importantly, a control group comprising 14 healthy eyes, matched for age and significant refractive error (<3.00 diopters), was included in the current analysis. RESULTS Our analysis indicated no significant disparity before and after surgery in terms of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), RNFL, IRL, and ORL. Conversely, concerning the macular ganglion cell layer-inner plexiform layer analysis, a substantial increase in mGCL-IPL was observed following the surgical intervention. The mean mGCL-IPL measured 60.8 ± 9.2 μm at baseline and 66.1 ± 13.2 μm one month after the surgery (p = 0.026). Notably, comparison between the strabismus group at baseline and the healthy group revealed a significant reduction in mGCL-IPL in the strabismus group (60.8 ± 9.2) compared to the healthy control group (68.3 ± 7.2; p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Following strabismus surgery, our observations pointed towards a thickening of the mGCL-IPL layer, which is likely attributable to transient local inflammation. Additionally, we identified a significant differentiation in the mGCL-IPL complex between the pediatric patient group with strabismus and the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Viggiano
- Department of Translational Biomedicine Neuroscience, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.G.); (L.M.F.); (G.B.); (A.F.); (F.D.V.); (G.S.); (V.A.); (G.A.); (F.B.)
| | - Marida Gaudiomonte
- Department of Translational Biomedicine Neuroscience, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.G.); (L.M.F.); (G.B.); (A.F.); (F.D.V.); (G.S.); (V.A.); (G.A.); (F.B.)
| | - Ugo Procoli
- Department of Translational Biomedicine Neuroscience, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.G.); (L.M.F.); (G.B.); (A.F.); (F.D.V.); (G.S.); (V.A.); (G.A.); (F.B.)
| | - Luisa Micelli Ferrari
- Department of Translational Biomedicine Neuroscience, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.G.); (L.M.F.); (G.B.); (A.F.); (F.D.V.); (G.S.); (V.A.); (G.A.); (F.B.)
| | - Enrico Borrelli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Ophthalmology, “City of Health and Science” Hospital, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Boscia
- Department of Translational Biomedicine Neuroscience, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.G.); (L.M.F.); (G.B.); (A.F.); (F.D.V.); (G.S.); (V.A.); (G.A.); (F.B.)
| | - Andrea Ferrara
- Department of Translational Biomedicine Neuroscience, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.G.); (L.M.F.); (G.B.); (A.F.); (F.D.V.); (G.S.); (V.A.); (G.A.); (F.B.)
| | - Fabio De Vitis
- Department of Translational Biomedicine Neuroscience, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.G.); (L.M.F.); (G.B.); (A.F.); (F.D.V.); (G.S.); (V.A.); (G.A.); (F.B.)
| | - Gemma Scalise
- Department of Translational Biomedicine Neuroscience, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.G.); (L.M.F.); (G.B.); (A.F.); (F.D.V.); (G.S.); (V.A.); (G.A.); (F.B.)
| | - Valeria Albano
- Department of Translational Biomedicine Neuroscience, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.G.); (L.M.F.); (G.B.); (A.F.); (F.D.V.); (G.S.); (V.A.); (G.A.); (F.B.)
| | - Giovanni Alessio
- Department of Translational Biomedicine Neuroscience, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.G.); (L.M.F.); (G.B.); (A.F.); (F.D.V.); (G.S.); (V.A.); (G.A.); (F.B.)
| | - Francesco Boscia
- Department of Translational Biomedicine Neuroscience, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.G.); (L.M.F.); (G.B.); (A.F.); (F.D.V.); (G.S.); (V.A.); (G.A.); (F.B.)
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Çiçek N, Demirayak B, Yigit FU. Evaluation of the macular sensitivity and retinal ganglion cell layer in unilateral amblyopia. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72:232-235. [PMID: 38273685 PMCID: PMC10941918 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_3382_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess macular sensitivity and fixation pattern obtained by microperimetry and ganglion cell complex (GCC) obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in cases with unilateral amblyopia and to compare with control. METHODS The study was conducted with 30 patients with amblyopia, aged 5-18 years, and 30 control eyes of healthy children in the same age group. Participants underwent full ophthalmological examination. Macular sensitivity, stabilization, and location of fixation values were measured using microperimetry. The GCC values were obtained by OCT. Measurements were compared between amblyopic eyes, fellow eyes, and controls. Any correlation between GCC, macular sensitivity, and fixation was investigated. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The mean age was 10.13 ± 3.49 years in the amblyopia group and 11.53 ± 2.7 years in the control group. Three groups were formed: amblyopic eyes (Group 1, n = 30), fellow eyes (Group 2, n = 30), and control eyes (Group 3, n = 30). The macular sensitivity values were found highest in the control group (P = 0.007). Bivariate contour ellipse area 1, which is the numerical value of fixation stabilization, was measured to be the lowest in the control group (P < 0.0001). In the analysis among the three groups, no significant difference was observed in terms of the GCC (P = 0.229). In the correlation analyses, a significant correlation was detected between macular sensitivity and GCC values in amblyopic eyes. CONCLUSION In amblyopic eyes, the macular sensitivity was significantly lower and the GCC thickness was found to be in a positive correlation with macular sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Çiçek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Corlu State Hospital, Tekirdağ
| | - Bengi Demirayak
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul
| | - Fadime U Yigit
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haliç University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Mompart-Martínez R, Argilés M, Cardona G, Cavero-Roig L, González-Sanchís L, Pighin MS. The Relationship between Fixation Stability and Retinal Structural Parameters in Children with Anisometropic, Strabismic and Mixed Amblyopia. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1517. [PMID: 37511892 PMCID: PMC10381323 DOI: 10.3390/life13071517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Amblyopia is an ocular condition leading to structural and functional changes. The relationship between these changes is complex and remains poorly understood. (2) Methods: Participants included 31 children aged 5 to 9 years with strabismic (n = 9), anisometropic (n = 16) and mixed (n = 6) unilateral amblyopia, and 14 age-matched non-amblyopic children. The 95% and 63% Bivariate Contour Ellipse Area (BCEA), axial length, Foveal Avascular Zone (FAZ) area, center macular thickness and volume were assessed. The relationship between these parameters was explored. (3) Results: Statistically significant differences were found among the four groups in best corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA) (p < 0.001), BCEA 95% (p = 0.002) and BCEA 63% (p = 0.002), but not in the FAZ area, central macular thickness, central macular volume and axial length. Eyes with amblyopia had poorer BCVA and larger fixation instability than controls. Inter-ocular differences were more significant in patients with strabismic amblyopia, particularly in BCVA (p = 0.003), central macular thickness (p < 0.001) and central macular volume (p = 0.002). In amblyopic eyes, BCEA 95% and 63% were correlated with BCVA, but not with the FAZ area. (4) Conclusion: Amblyopia is associated with a reduction in fixation stability and BCVA, although there is a general lack of correlation with structural changes, suggesting a complex interaction between anatomy and function in amblyopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Mompart-Martínez
- Institut Català de la Retina (ICR), 08022 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Optics and Optometry, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Marc Argilés
- Department of Optics and Optometry, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08222 Terrassa, Spain
- Center for Sensors, Instruments, and Systems Development (CD6), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Genis Cardona
- Department of Optics and Optometry, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08222 Terrassa, Spain
- Applied Optics and Image Processing Group (GOAPI), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08222 Terrassa, Spain
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Magli A, Esposito Veneruso P, Rinaldi M, Caputo R, Tranfa F, Costagliola C. Long-term effects of early/late-onset visual deprivation on macular and retinal nerve fibers layer structure: A pilot study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283423. [PMID: 36952524 PMCID: PMC10035877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Tomographic analysis of macular and peripapillary retinal nerve fibers layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with history of congenital (CC) and developmental cataract (DC). METHODS Analysis of macular and RNFL thickness using a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography was performed. Retinal layers thickness was measured using the internal segmentation software. Measurements of affected (unilateral and bilateral), contralateral eyes and control eyes were compared. RESULTS Patients with history of CC or DC (n = 13 and 11 respectively) and 35 healthy control subjects were enrolled. Thicker inner and outer nuclear layers (INL, ONL) and thicker ONL were found when CC and DC group when compared to controls respectively. Bilateral CC showed the most relevant differences. Slight thickening of CC inner retinal layers were found when compared to DC. Increased superonasal RNFL thickness was found in CC group when compared to DC and controls. Thickening of RNFL of contralateral unaffected eyes of unilateral CC were found when compared to controls. CONCLUSION Significant macular and RNFL thickness changes between CC, DC patients and controls that partially involve also contralateral unaffected eyes of unilateral congenital cataract were found. CC and DC groups show significant differences only in inner retinal layers thickness. Our data suggest that early visual deprivation may influence retinal arrangements occurring during development involving predominantly the outer nuclear layer and para/perifoveal inner retinal layers, and confirm that early treatment of CC allow to achieve better long-term visual outcome. Moreover functional and structural data support the hypothesis that unilateral amblyopia is not exclusively an unilateral issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Magli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Orthoptic and Pediatric Ophthalmology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Michele Rinaldi
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Caputo
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Fausto Tranfa
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Costagliola
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Wang C, Yu J, Pan M, Ye X, Song E. Macular pigment optical density of hyperopic anisometropic amblyopic patients measured by fundus reflectometry. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:991423. [PMID: 36304187 PMCID: PMC9592689 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.991423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hyperopic anisometropia is a major cause of amblyopia and may be associated with macular pigment optical density (MPOD) reduction. To explore whether the MPOD changes in hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia, we measured the MPOD using fundus reflectometry in eyes with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia and normal vision. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2017 to June 2017. Forty subjects (25 males and 15 females) between the ages of 6 and 10 years were recruited. The subjects' eyes were divided into two groups: amblyopic eyes (best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) not more than 20/25 or BCVA of two eyes differing by two or more lines) and fellow eyes. All enrolled subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including extraocular motility assessment, cover-uncover testing, and refractive error (noncycloplegic), BCVA, axial length (AL), macular foveal thickness (MFT) and MPOD (Visucam® 200, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Germany). Results The MPOD of amblyopic and fellow eyes was 0.12 ± 0.03 log units and 0.13 ± 0.04 log units, respectively, with a significant difference (P = 0.026). The MFT of amblyopic and fellow eyes was 241.28 ± 13.95 and 237.13 ± 16.02 μm, respectively, revealing that the MFT was significantly higher in amblyopic eyes than in fellow eyes (P = 0.028). Conversely, there was no correlation between the MPOD and MFT in the two groups. Conclusions This study is the first to report that the MPOD is decreased in hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia. In this study, no correlation between the MPOD and MFT was found. In the future, factors that induce a decrease in the MPOD in eyes with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia should be explored in a large-sample study with follow-up observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Pan
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiuhong Ye
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - E. Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: E. Song
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Parikh R, Sachdeva V, Kekunnaya R, Rao BV, Parikh S, Thomas R. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in amblyopia. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:3065-3072. [PMID: 35918974 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2875_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) in eyes with amblyopia compared with contralateral healthy eyes. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we included patients with anisometropic amblyopia, strabismic amblyopia, and mixed amblyopia. All subjects underwent complete ophthalmic examination, including RNFLT measurement with time-domain OCT (Stratus OCT) and scanning laser polarimeter (GDX VCC). A paired "t" test was used to compare average and quadrant-wise RNFL thickness between the amblyopic and contralateral normal eyes. In addition, an analysis of variance test was used to compare various RNFL thickness parameters between the three groups. Results A total of 33 eyes of 33 subjects with anisometropic amblyopia, 20 eyes of 20 subjects with strabismic amblyopia, and 38 eyes of 38 subjects with mixed amblyopia were included. In the anisometropic amblyopia group, the average RNFLT in the amblyopic eye was 98.2 μm and 99.8 μm in the fellow normal eye (P = 0.5), the total foveal thickness was 152.82 μm (26.78) in the anisometropic eye and 150.42 μm (23.84) in the fellow eye (P = 0.38). The difference between amblyopic and contralateral normal eye for RNFL and macular parameters was statistically insignificant in all three groups. The RNFL thickness in four quadrants was similar in the amblyopic and non-amblyopic eye between all three groups and statistically non-significant. Conclusion Our study showed that RNFL thickness was similar in amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes between all three amblyopia groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajul Parikh
- Department of Glaucoma, Shreeji Eye Clinic and Palak's Glaucoma Care Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Virender Sachdeva
- Child Sight Institute, Nimmagadda Prasad Children's Eye Care Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ramesh Kekunnaya
- Child Sight Institute, Jasti V Ramanamma Children's Eye Care Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - B Venkateshwar Rao
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Shreya Eye Care Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shefali Parikh
- Department of Glaucoma, Shreeji Eye Clinic and Palak's Glaucoma Care Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ravi Thomas
- Department of Glaucoma, Queensland Eye Institute, Queensland; Department of Glaucoma, University of Queensland, Australia
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Ortueta‐Olartecoechea A, Torres‐Peña JL, Muñoz‐Gallego A, Torres‐Valdivieso MJ, Vázquez‐Román S, De la Cruz J, Tejada‐Palacios P. Retinal ganglion cell complex thickness at school-age, prematurity and neonatal stressors. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 100:e1253-e1263. [PMID: 34873863 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between the ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness at early school-age and prematurity and other neonatal factors. METHODS Cross-sectional study. The sample included very preterm children with gestational age (GA) below 32 weeks or birthweight below 1500 g enrolled in a follow-up program (n = 101) and a comparison group of term-born children (n = 49). Ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness was measured at 4-8 years using high-quality optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. Data on neonatal and postnatal features were extracted from clinical records; analyses included mixed linear models. RESULTS Ganglion cell layer (GCL) and retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL) were thicker in term than in preterm born children (2.9 μm and 2.4 μm respectively, p < 0.001). Within the preterm group, lower GA was associated with a decrease in total GCL (0.7 μm per week, p < 0.001). Being small for GA was associated with further thinning in both layers (1.4 and 2.8 µm). Postnatal corticosteroids therapy and severe brain lesion were associated with thinning in the total GCL of 6 µm (p < 0.001) and 4.1 µm (p = 0.002), respectively, and shock was associated with thinning in total mRNFL of 6 µm (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Lower GA or birthweight are associated with thinning of GCC layers. When performing an OCT examination at school-age and a decrease in GCC thickness is observed, it may be relevant to ask about a history of prematurity, and further enquire about neonatal shock, postnatal corticosteroids therapy or severe brain lesion that are related to additional decrease in GCC thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose L. Torres‐Peña
- Madrid University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Department of Ophthalmology Madrid Spain
| | - Alicia Muñoz‐Gallego
- Madrid University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Department of Ophthalmology Madrid Spain
| | | | - Sara Vázquez‐Román
- Madrid University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Department of Neonatology Madrid Spain
| | - Javier De la Cruz
- Madrid University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Research Institute (imas12) Madrid Spain
- Mother and Child Health, and Development Research Network SAMIDISCIII Madrid Spain
| | - Pilar Tejada‐Palacios
- Madrid University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Department of Ophthalmology Madrid Spain
- Madrid University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Research Institute (imas12) Madrid Spain
- Madrid University Complutense Madrid Spain
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The features of diagnosis and treatmentof unilateral concomitant strabismus with visual fixation defect in preschool children. OPHTHALMOLOGY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.17816/ov63501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Particular difficulties in treatment of children with monolateral strabismus are associated with the presence of severe amblyopia in the squinting eye in combination with a visual fixation defect (acentral or intermittent).
AIM:To assess the anatomical and functional status of children with visual fixation defects, to find out the causes of failures in treatment of this group of patients, to determine the tactics of their management.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:The study included 92 children of preschool age (from 3 to 7 years) with monolateral concomitant strabismus. The follow-up period for the children ranged from 12 to 72 months. The average age of the examined children was 4.6 1.1 years. Three variants of visual fixation were identified in the squinting eye: central visual fixation (CVF) 68 eyes; intermittent visual fixation (IVF ) 7 eyes; and acentral visual fixation (AVF) 17 eyes. All patients underwent a comprehensive examination: visometry; strabometry; autorefractometry; determination of the critical frequency of light flashes; assessment of visual fixation; optical coherence tomography of the retina. All children underwent passive and active pleoptics.
RESULTS:The visual acuity of children with CVF significantly increased due to pleoptics. At the same time in cases of IVF and even more in those of AVF, visual acuity remained significantly lower than that of the fixating eye, pleoptics were ineffective in this group of patients. In patients with CVF, the critical frequency of light flashes of the squinting eye increased in statistically significant figures, while in IVF and AVF, the difference between squinting and fixing eye remained. According to OCT data, changes in the macular area were detected in 18 (75%) eyes in patients with IVF and AVF, which allows us to distinguish organic pathology from amblyopia.
CONCLUSIONS:In children with monolateral strabismus, it is necessary to determine visual fixation of the squinting eye. At IVF and AVF, it is mandatory to conduct optical coherence tomography of the macular area to exclude organic pathology. In patients with monolateral concomitant strabismus with IVF and AVF, surgery on oculomotor muscles is indicated.
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Abstract
We investigate the effects of differences between one or two horizontal rectus muscle surgeries (recession ± resection) on the central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Measurements of the CMT, SFCT, and RNFL in patients who underwent horizontal rectus muscle surgery were obtained using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Patients were grouped as those who had undergone rectus muscle recession surgery (Group 1) and those who had undergone rectus muscle recession + resection surgery (Group 2). The CMT, SFCT, and RNFL in patients were measured preoperatively and 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. A total of 65 eyes of 50 patients were analyzed retrospectively. The average age of the 25 patients in Group 1 was 8.96 ± 7.966 years (min 3, max 38). The average age of the 25 patients in Group 2 was 15.17 ± 6.806 years (min 2, max 34). The comparison of the preoperative and the 1-day and 1-week postoperative values revealed an increase in CMT and SFCT in Group 1 and Group 2. There were no significant differences between the two groups. It was observed that this increase reached the preoperative values after 1-3 months and 6 months in both groups. There was no statistically significant change in the RNFL. Rectus muscle surgery (recession±resection) caused an increase in CMT and SFCT in the early stage, which was possibly caused by the altered choroidal microcirculation resulting from mechanical traction during surgery and by postoperative inflammation. There was no difference between one or two muscle surgeries.
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Bayraktar Z, Pehlivanoglu S, Bayraktar S, Albayrak S, Karakaya M. Inter-Ocular Symmetry of Vascular Density and Retinal Thickness in Unilateral Anisometropic Amblyopia. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:1261-1267. [PMID: 32440093 PMCID: PMC7213893 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s234294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inter-ocular symmetry of macular vascular anatomy in healthy subjects has been well documented in previous optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) studies. In our present study, we have demonstrated that the presence of anisometropic amblyopia in one eye does not alter this unique feature significantly. We investigated whether the presence of unilateral anisometropic amblyopia due to moderate amounts of hyperopia and/or astigmatism would have any significant influence on measurements of retinal thickness (RT) and superficial vessel density (SVD) in adult subjects. Subjects and methods In the study group, both eyes of 21 adult subjects with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia were enrolled. Only one eye of an age-matched control group including 33 subjects was randomly selected. RT and SVD were measured in foveal and parafoveal retinal areas and compared in amblyopic eyes, their fellow eyes and in the control group. Inter-ocular symmetry of RT and SVD in amblyopic and fellow eyes were investigated by using correlation analysis. Results There were statistically significant inter-ocular correlations of foveal and parafoveal RT in amblyopic and fellow eyes (P < 0.0001, for both). Foveal and parafoveal RT of the control group were not statistically different from amblyopic eyes (P = 0.072 and P = 0.46, respectively). There was no difference between foveal SVD of amblyopic eyes and control group (P = 0.10) and a significant inter-ocular correlation was found between amblyopic and fellow eyes (P = 0.029). Conclusion For our adult subjects, none of the investigated OCTA parameters of the amblyopic eyes were found to be statistically different from those of age-matched controls. The preservation of inter-ocular symmetry in the amblyopic and fellow eyes implies that the influence of anisometropic amblyopia in one eye would be relatively small and negligible on routine OCTA examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerrin Bayraktar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ozel Gaziosmanpasa Hospital, Yeni Yuzyil University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seren Pehlivanoglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ozel Gaziosmanpasa Hospital, Yeni Yuzyil University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sukru Bayraktar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ozel Gaziosmanpasa Hospital, Yeni Yuzyil University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinan Albayrak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ozel Gaziosmanpasa Hospital, Yeni Yuzyil University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muharrem Karakaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ozel Gaziosmanpasa Hospital, Yeni Yuzyil University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Demirayak B, Vural A, Sonbahar O, Ergun O, Onur IU, Akarsu Acar OP, Yigit FU. Analysis of Macular Vessel Density and Foveal Avascular Zone in Adults with Amblyopia. Curr Eye Res 2019; 44:1381-1385. [PMID: 31283893 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1639766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To quantify and compare the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and the whole, parafoveal and foveal vessel density of superficial (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) in amblyopic eyes of adults and age-matched controls.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 52 eyes from 34 subjects aged 18 to 45 years. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed to all participants and SCP, DCP and FAZ were evaluated. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 23 was used for data analysis.Results: Eighteen of 34 subjects (52,9%) were amblyopic and 16 (47,1%) of them controlled. Mean subject age was 31.2 years in the amblyopia group and 28.3 years in the control group. The mean FAZ measurements were 0.28 ± 0.08 in amblyopic eyes, 0.29 ± 0.08 in fellow eyes and 0.3 ± 0.11 in control eyes. The whole, foveal and parafoveal vessel density of SCP in both 3x3-mm and 6x6-mm scans were not statistically different in amblyopic eyes, fellow eyes and control eyes. In 6x6-mm scans, the whole, and parafoveal vessel density of DCP were significantly lower in amblyopic eyes than controls. There was no statistically significant difference in 3x3-mm scans about DCP.Conclusion: OCTA revealed lower vessel density in DCP of amblyopic eyes than fellow eyes and controls in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengi Demirayak
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslı Vural
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozan Sonbahar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ergun
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Umut Onur
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Pınar Akarsu Acar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fadime Ulviye Yigit
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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Analysis of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in anisometropic amblyopia via optic coherence tomography. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 257:2103-2110. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-019-04402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Rajavi Z, Sabbaghi H, Behradfar N, Yaseri M, Aghazadeh Amiri M, Faghihi M. Macular Thickness in Moderate to Severe Amblyopia. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2018; 32:312-318. [PMID: 30091310 PMCID: PMC6085182 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2017.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the macular retinal thickness of moderately to severely amblyopic eyes with non-amblyopic eyes as controls. METHODS This case control study was conducted on 56 children aged 4 to 10 years old (64.3% female subjects). Twenty-eight children had unilateral amblyopia (28 amblyopic eyes as cases and 28 normal fellow eyes as internal controls) and 28 children had normal visual acuity in both eyes and were considered as external controls (n = 56 eyes). Among our cases, 14 had strabismic amblyopia and 14 had anisometropic amblyopia. Macular retinal thickness was measured using optical coherence tomography at the center and in 1-, 3-, and 6-mm rings. RESULTS Best-corrected visual acuity of the amblyopic eyes was less than that of the internal and external controls, and the best-corrected visual acuity of their fellow eyes was also less than that of the external controls. Thickness of the central macula and a 1-mm ring area in the amblyopic eyes was higher than that of both internal and external controls. Difference of central macular thickness ≥20 μm between two eyes of the amblyopic children was significantly more than non-amblyopic subjects. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of this study, the macular retinal thickness was significantly higher in moderate to severe amblyopic eyes compared to their fellow eyes and external controls. This might be due to macular developmental disorders in amblyopic eyes. Therefore, optical coherence tomography imaging is recommended if subtle macular abnormalities are suspected in moderate to severe amblyopic eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhale Rajavi
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Sabbaghi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Narges Behradfar
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Aghazadeh Amiri
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Faghihi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Torfeh Eye Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Storey PP, Aziz HA, O'Keefe GAD, Borchert M, Lam LA, Puliafito CA, Olmos de Koo LC. Decreased severity of age-related macular degeneration in amblyopic eyes. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 102:1575-1578. [PMID: 29437581 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate whether people with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and a history of amblyopia have equal severity of AMD in both eyes. METHODS Billing records were used to locate all people with a history of amblyopia and AMD evaluated between 1 January 2003 and 1 June 2015 at a single ophthalmology institute. Two ophthalmic graders blinded to amblyopia status determined the severity of AMD in each eye using fundus photos and a validated grading scale. RESULTS A total of 14 people were found to have AMD and a documented history of amblyopia. Average patient age was 77.0 years and average best corrected visual acuity was 20/160 in eyes with a history of amblyopia and 20/40 in fellow eyes without amblyopia. Eyes with a history of amblyopia were found to have a lower AMD severity score (mean lower score: -1.38; paired t-test P=0.019). Of the 11 people with asymmetric disease severity, 10 individuals had worse AMD in the non-amblyopic eye while one person had worse AMD in the amblyopic eye (P=0.0067). CONCLUSIONS Our pilot study suggests that eyes with a history of amblyopia may manifest decreased severity of AMD compared with non-ambylopic eyes in the same patient. Further research is warranted to investigate this clinical observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip P Storey
- Retina Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hassan A Aziz
- USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Mark Borchert
- USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Linda A Lam
- USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carmen A Puliafito
- USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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15
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Cankurtaran V, Tekin K, Şimşek M, Elgin U, Yilmazbaş P. Interocular Comparison of Anterior and Posterior Segment Findings and Laterality in Hyperopic Anisometropia. Eye Contact Lens 2018; 44:29-34. [PMID: 27541970 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the laterality and the differences in anterior and posterior segment findings in hyperopic patients with anisometropia between their eyes using spectral domain optical coherence tomography and LenStar LS-900 device. METHODS This prospective institutional study included hyperopic anisometropic patients with and without amblyopia, aged between 6 and 40 years. The refractive error and the values of keratometry, axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and central macular thickness (CMT) obtained using the RK-F1 autorefractor, LenStar LS-900, and Spectralis optical coherence tomography were compared between the higher hyperopic and fellow eyes. RESULTS Eighty of the patients had hyperopic anisometropia with amblyopia and 30 of them had hyperopic anisometropia without amblyopia. The left eyes of the patients in this series were significantly more commonly affected. Axial length and CCT were significantly different between the higher hyperopic and the fellow eyes of all patients. In addition, the mean CMT and RNFL thickness of the higher hyperopic eyes were significantly higher than that of the fellow eyes. CONCLUSIONS During the process of emmetropization and development of the retina, higher hyperopic eyes in hyperopic patients with anisometropia and amblyopic eyes may have blurred and abnormal vision, leading to under-development of vision, significantly higher CCT, CMT, and RNFL thickness, more hyperopic refraction, and shorter AL in the affected eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veysel Cankurtaran
- Ophthalmology Department, Ankara Ulucanlar Eye Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Kasem MA, Badawi AE. Changes in macular parameters in different types of amblyopia: optical coherence tomography study. Clin Ophthalmol 2017; 11:1407-1416. [PMID: 28831240 PMCID: PMC5552145 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s143223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purposes of this study were to investigate the changes in macular parameters (thickness, volume) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness (RNFLT) in different cases of amblyopia versus the normal fellow eyes using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to estimate the relationship of OCT changes with various defined patients' parameters. DESIGN This is a prospective, observational, cross-sectional case series. METHODS The method involved measuring the peripapillary RNFLT, macular thickness, and macular volume via spectral domain (OCT) in different types of amblyopia and comparing with the other fellow eyes. This study was conducted at the Mansoura Ophthalmic Center. RESULTS A total of 64 patients with different types of amblyopia were included. The mean central macular thickness (CMT) was 196.2±50.03 µm in the amblyopic eyes versus 167±12.76 µm in the fellow eyes (P=0.000), the mean average macular thickness was 265.80±12.77 µm in the amblyopic eyes versus 259.10±3.09 µm in the fellow eyes (P=0.000), the mean macular volume was 7.59±0.32 mm3 in the amblyopic eyes versus 7.34±0.071 mm3 in the fellow eyes (P=0.002), and the mean global RNFLT was 97.00±11.60 µm in the amblyopic eyes versus 78.50±13.05 µm in the fellow eyes (P=0.029). There was a discrepancy between the different amblyopic types. Age and the axial length were the only independent variables that statistically significantly correlated with the CMT. CONCLUSION The unilateral amblyopic eyes were prone to have a higher CMT and thicker global RNFL compared to those of the sound fellow eyes. Retinal variations between different types of the amblyopia differ from one type to another. The age could be considered as a predictor of the disease worsening and treatment prognosis. Further studies are required to emphasize these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Ali Kasem
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura Ophthalmic Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amani E Badawi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura Ophthalmic Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Niyaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ondokuz Mayis University Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Eski Yücel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ondokuz Mayis University Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Nurşen Arıtürk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ondokuz Mayis University Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Terzi
- Department of Public Health, Ondokuz Mayis University Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
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Tekin K, Cankurtaran V, Inanc M, Sekeroglu MA, Yilmazbas P. Effect of myopic anisometropia on anterior and posterior ocular segment parameters. Int Ophthalmol 2017; 37:377-384. [PMID: 27262559 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-016-0272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in anterior and posterior segment parameters of more myopic eyes compared to fellow eyes using spectral domain optical coherence tomography and optical biometer device in patients with myopic anisometropia. This prospective cross-sectional study included 42 myopic anisometropic patients with and without amblyopia, aged between 7 and 40 years old. The refractive error and keratometry values, axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), and central macular thickness (CMT) were evaluated. Eighteen of the patients had myopic anisometropia with amblyopia, and the remaining 24 had myopic anisometropia without amblyopia. There were 23 female and 19 male patients with a mean age as 23.67 ± 10.12 years (range 7-40). The right eyes of the subjects significantly had a higher degree of myopia. There was a significant difference in mean best-corrected visual acuity (0.195 ± 0.234 vs. 0.011 ± 0.025 logMAR, p < 0.001), spherical equivalent refraction (-3.95 ± 1.38 vs. -1.04 ± 0.99 D, p < 0.001), AL (25.06 ± 1.27 vs. 23.99 ± 0.98 mm, p < 0.001), and RNFLT (89.24 ± 12.84 vs. 94.57 ± 10.81 μm, p < 0.001) between the more myopic and fellow eyes in all patients. On the contrary, there was no significant difference in CMT and anterior segment parameters including mean keratometry and CCT in all patients and either group. During the development of the myopic anisometropia, more myopic eyes have significantly more myopic refraction, longer AL and thinner RNFLT compared to the fellow eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Tekin
- Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, 06240, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Merve Inanc
- Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, 06240, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Pelin Yilmazbas
- Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, 06240, Ankara, Turkey
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Park JM, Choi YJ, Kim DH. The Analysis of Peripapillary RNFL, Macula and Macular Ganglion Cell Layer Thickness in Patients with Monocular Amblyopia Using SD-OCT. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2016.57.1.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Man Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young Je Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
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20
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Park CK, Kim SJ. The Analysis of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer in Amblyopia Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2016.57.10.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Keum Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maryknoll Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
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Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer and Macular Thicknesses in Adults with Hyperopic Anisometropic Amblyopia. J Ophthalmol 2015; 2015:946467. [PMID: 26064676 PMCID: PMC4439507 DOI: 10.1155/2015/946467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. This study compared the macular and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thicknesses and optic nerves of eyes with reduced vision due to anisometropia with the contralateral healthy eyes in adults using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Atatürk State Hospital, Sinop, Turkey. Macular and RNFL thicknesses, optic nerve disc area, cup area, and horizontal and vertical cup-to-disc ratios obtained using a NIDEK RS-3000 SLO spectral domain OCT device were compared between the amblyopic and fellow eyes in 30 adults with anisometropic amblyopia 18–55 years old who were seen in our clinic with unilateral poor vision. Results. The mean macular thickness was 266.90 ± 23.22 µm in the amblyopic eyes and 263.90 ± 22.84 µm in the fellow eyes, and the mean RNFL thickness was 111.90 ± 12.9 and 109.70 ± 9.42 µm, respectively. The two thicknesses did not differ significantly between the amblyopic and fellow eyes. There were also no significant differences between the eyes in disc area, cup area, and horizontal-vertical cup/disc ratios. Conclusion. There does not seem to be a difference in macular thickness, peripapillary RNFL, or optic disc structures between the amblyopic and fellow eyes in adults.
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Demircan S, Gokce G, Yuvaci I, Ataş M, Başkan B, Zararsiz G. The assessment of anterior and posterior ocular structures in hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:1181-8. [PMID: 25910432 PMCID: PMC4422113 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to examine the relationship or differences in ocular structures of amblyopic eyes compared to fellow eyes in children and young adults with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia. Material/Methods Hyperopic participants with anisometropic amblyopia, defined as the presence of best-corrected visual acuity differences of at least 2 Snellen lines and 1.5 diopters between amblyopic and fellow eyes, were studied. Using the IOL Master, Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging and Spectralis optical coherence tomography, the axial length, corneal curvature, and anterior chamber depth (ACD), as well as the thickness of the cornea, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and macula, were compared between children and young adults and between their amblyopic and fellow eyes. Results In 53 participants with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia, there were significant differences in the anterior corneal curvature, ACD and axial length between the amblyopic and fellow eyes of all the patients. The mean central macular thickness in the amblyopic eyes was significantly thicker (P=.001) in the group aged 5 to 12 years; however, this was not the case in the group aged 13 to 42 years. There was no significant difference in average RNFL thickness in either group. Conclusions We found significantly greater mean central macular thickness in anisometropic amblyopic eyes among participants aged 5 to 12 years, but not among those who were older. Similarly, the interocular differences in axial length parameters seemed to be related to the central macular thickness differences between the amblyopic and fellow eyes in the younger group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Demircan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital Eye Clinic, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gokcen Gokce
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kayseri Military Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Isa Yuvaci
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital Eye Clinic, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ataş
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital Eye Clinic, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Burhan Başkan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital Eye Clinic, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gökmen Zararsiz
- Department of Biostatistics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Meta-analysis of retinal changes in unilateral amblyopia using optical coherence tomography. Eur J Ophthalmol 2015; 25:400-9. [PMID: 25837638 DOI: 10.5301/ejo.5000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate retinal changes in unilateral amblyopia using optical coherence tomography. METHODS Major literature databases were searched for relevant studies. The primary outcome parameters were foveal minimum thickness (FMT), mean foveal thickness (MFT), mean macular thickness (MMT), and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness. Efficacy estimates were evaluated by standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for changes in the outcomes of interest. RESULTS This meta-analysis included 28 clinical trials involving 408 patients .The FMT, MFT, and MMT in the amblyopic eyes was significantly greater than that of the fellow eyes (SMD = 0.22, 95% CI 0.05-0.39, p = 0.011; SMD = 0.21, 95% CI 0.06-0.36, p = 0.005; SMD = 0.21, 95% CI 0.08-0.35, p = 0.002, respectively). Only FMT was significantly increased in the amblyopia group compared with the normal control group (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI 0.19-0.57, p<0.00001). Analysis showed that pRNFL thickness in the amblyopic eyes was thicker than in the fellow eyes (SMD = 0.13, 95% CI 0.02-0.24, p = 0.016). We did not find that those outcome measures differ between strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia. CONCLUSIONS The pooled evidence indicates that the amblyopic process may involve the retina, especially the macula. A thicker foveola was found in the amblyopic eyes when compared with visually normal control eyes. Further larger-scale studies especially involving emmetropic normal subjects will be valuable.
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Yassin SA, Al-Tamimi ER, Al-Hassan S. Macular and retinal nerve fiber thickness in recovered and persistent amblyopia. Int Ophthalmol 2015; 35:833-42. [PMID: 25701045 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-015-0055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of increased macular or retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) in amblyopic eyes, find if the increased macular or RNFLT is related to the lack of response in amblyopic eyes, and to explore whether the increased central macular thickness (CMT) in amblyopic eyes is purely related to the hyperopia. This is a prospective descriptive study. CMT and peripapillary RNFLT were measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to evaluate 60 patients with unilateral-treated amblyopia (median age 11.00 year). Patients were divided into two groups: 33 patients in recovered amblyopia group and 27 patients in persistent amblyopia group. The mean CMT in the recovered group was 247.31 (±23.4) versus 246.8 (±32.7) µm (p = 0.95) for the persistent group. The mean peripapillary RNFLT was 99.13 (±12.1) versus 99.9 (±14.9) µm (p = 0.85) for the persistent group. In anisometropic amblyopia, there was no significant difference in CMT and RNFLT in either group. Also there was no relation between the type of refractive error and CMT or RNFLT. There was no significant difference in CMT and RNFLT in amblyopic eyes for both the recovered amblyopia group and the persistent amblyopia group to explain the lack of response in persistent amblyopic eyes. Additionally there was no relation between the type of refractive error and CMT or peripapillary RNFLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa A Yassin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. .,King Fahd Hospital-University, PO Box 40097, Al-Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Elham R Al-Tamimi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.,King Fahd Hospital-University, PO Box 40097, Al-Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Al-Hassan
- Ministry of Health, Buraidah Central Hospital, Al Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Araki S, Miki A, Yamashita T, Goto K, Haruishi K, Ieki Y, Kiryu J. A comparison between amblyopic and fellow eyes in unilateral amblyopia using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Clin Ophthalmol 2014; 8:2199-207. [PMID: 25404852 PMCID: PMC4230232 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s69501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the macular retinal thickness and characteristics of optic nerve head (ONH) parameters in amblyopic and fellow eyes in patients with unilateral amblyopia. Patients and methods A total of 21 patients with unilateral amblyopia (14 patients with anisometropic amblyopia, four patients with strabismic amblyopia, and three patients with both) were examined using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The mean age of the patients was 8.5±3.5 years. The examined parameters included the mean macular (full, inner, and outer), ganglion cell complex and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thicknesses, and ONH parameters (rim volume, nerve head volume, cup volume, rim area, optic disc area, cup area, and cup-to-disc area ratio). Results The amblyopic eyes were significantly more hyperopic than the fellow eyes (P<0.001). Among the macular retinal thickness parameters, the cpRNFL thickness (P<0.01), macular full retinal thickness (3 mm region) (P<0.01), and macular outer retinal thickness (1 and 3 mm regions) (P<0.05) were significantly thicker in the amblyopic eyes than in the fellow eyes, while the ganglion cell complex thickness, macular full retinal thickness (1 mm region), and macular inner retinal thickness (1 and 3 mm regions) were not significantly different. Among the ONH parameters, the rim area was significantly larger and the cup-to-disc area ratio was smaller in the amblyopic eyes than in the fellow eyes (P<0.05). None of the other ONH parameters were significantly different between the investigated eyes. The differences in the cpRNFL thickness and macular outer retinal thickness in the 1 mm region were significantly correlated with the difference in axial length (P<0.05, r=−0.48; P<0.01, r=−0.59, respectively) and refractive error (P<0.05, r=0.50; P<0.01, r=0.60, respectively). The other parameters were not significantly related to the difference in axial length, refractive error, or best corrected visual acuity. Conclusion We found significant differences in some of the morphological measurements between amblyopic and fellow eyes that appear to be independent of abnormalities in the visual cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syunsuke Araki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan ; Department of Sensory Science, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yamashita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan ; Department of Sensory Science, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Goto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan ; Department of Sensory Science, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Kazuko Haruishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ieki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Junichi Kiryu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
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Fresina M, Campos EC. A 1-Year Review of Amblyopia and Strabismus Research. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2014; 3:379-87. [PMID: 26107981 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This current review highlights some of the literature published in the past year from April 2013 to May 2014. DESIGN Literature Review. METHODS The present review is based on an extended search for pertinent articles on amblyopia and strabismus published during the specified period. RESULTS Many articles are often not very comparable to one another because of a lack of randomized clinical trials with most of the studies being retrospective in nature. There is often disagreement on some terminology. Typically, the definition of binocular vision is rarely related to the tests used for evaluating it. CONCLUSIONS The authors conclude that adult strabismus patients seem to gain benefits from corrective surgery not only for their ocular misalignment, but also for social anxiety levels that may be associated with improvements in their quality of life and disability levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Fresina
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Kassem IS, Miller MT, Archer SM. One Year of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Research in Review. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2013; 2:388-400. [PMID: 26107151 PMCID: PMC6839686 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To highlight recent advances in amblyopia and strabismus. DESIGN Literature review. METHODS A literature search of articles published in the English language was performed in PubMed or MEDLINE between May 2012 and April 2013 using the terms amblyopia or strabismus. Articles deemed relevant were selected. RESULTS The review highlights articles that increase our understanding of strabismus and amblyopia as well as newer treatment strategies. CONCLUSIONS The review highlights some new information and possible future advances in amblyopia and strabismus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris S Kassem
- From the *University of Illinois at Chicago Eye and Ear Infirmary, Chicago, IL; and †Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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