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Omodaka Y, Sato T, Maruyama T. Impact of mental and developmental disorders on disability in Japanese university students: A cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1144-1149. [PMID: 35472442 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2068961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study utilized the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule version 2 (WHODAS 2.0) to identify vulnerable students and explore the impact of mental and developmental disorders on disability. PARTICIPANTS A total of 156 undergraduates who visited support service offices at large-scale universities in Japan between April 2018 and March 2020 were included. METHODS The 36-item WHODAS 2.0 was administered, and data were gathered regarding mental and developmental disabilities. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were conducted. RESULTS Parents/guardians typically initiated consultation with student support services. Students whose parents had initiated consultation did not have higher scores in any WHODAS domain except "Life Activities." In every WHODAS domain except "Cognition," the "Mental Disorder" group scored significantly higher than the "No Disorder" group. The addition of "Developmental Disorders" significantly increased WHODAS scores, except in "Mobility." CONCLUSIONS The WHODAS is a useful tool for identifying vulnerable students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Omodaka
- Center for Health Sciences and Counseling, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sato
- Center for Health Sciences and Counseling, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Center for Health Sciences and Counseling, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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2
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Baklola M, Terra M, Taha A, Elnemr M, Yaseen M, Maher A, Buzaid AH, Alenazi R, Osman Mohamed SA, Abdelhady D, El-Gilany AH. Mental health literacy and help-seeking behaviour among Egyptian undergraduates: a cross-sectional national study. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:202. [PMID: 38475754 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health literacy (MHL) and help-seeking behaviors are pivotal in managing mental well-being, especially among Egyptian undergraduates. Despite the importance and prevalent psychological distress in this group, limited research has addressed MHL and associated behaviors in Egypt. This study aimed to assess the levels of MHL and help-seeking behavior among Egyptian university students. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted across ten Egyptian universities during the academic year 2022-2023. A convenience sample of 1740 students was obtained through online questionnaires distributed via social media platforms. The survey comprised demographic characteristics, the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS), and the General Help Seeking Behavior Questionnaire (GHSPQ). RESULTS Among 1740 Egyptian undergraduates, medical students scored higher in recognizing disorders (p < 0.05), while non-medical students excelled in attitudes (p < 0.05). A strong correlation was observed between attitudes toward mental illness and total mental health literacy (coefficients of 0.664 and 0.657). Univariate analysis indicated a significant association with professional help-seeking (OR = 1.023). Females, individuals aged 21 or above, and non-medical students were more likely to seek mental health information (OR = 1.42, 1.82, 1.55 respectively). Help-seeking behavior for emotional problems was more inclined towards intimate partners, whereas suicidal thoughts prompted seeking professional help. CONCLUSION The findings advocate for comprehensive mental health education, particularly in rural areas, and emphasis on the role of personal relationships in mental well-being. Implementing these insights could foster improved mental health outcomes and reduce related stigma in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Terra
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Anhar Taha
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | | - Ahmed Maher
- Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | | | - Rahaf Alenazi
- Medical intern, Buraydah central hospital, Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Doaa Abdelhady
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hady El-Gilany
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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3
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Bleck J, DeBate R, Garcia J, Gatto A. A Pilot Evaluation of a University Health and Wellness Coaching Program for College Students. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2023; 50:613-621. [PMID: 36314384 DOI: 10.1177/10901981221131267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Poor mental well-being has been associated with negative student success outcomes among college students. Health and wellness coaching programs have been implemented in college campuses to address gaps in well-being support services. This pilot study evaluated a health and wellness coaching program at a large, urban university. A total of 499 students expressed interest in the program with 120 responding to a retrospective survey about their experience. Findings revealed that most students attended coaching for issues related to time and stress management or factors that commonly influence stress. Overall, students who participated in coaching were successful at improving their self-efficacy toward behavior change, changing their behavior, and achieving their goals. Students reported attending an average of four sessions with number of sessions attended being associated with increased confidence and motivation. In addition, autonomy, competence, and relatedness felt within the relationship with the coach were correlated with increased motivation, confidence, and readiness for behavior change. There was some relapse in terms of goal attainment observed with 17.4% of students who met their goals being unable to maintain progress. The program participants appeared to have enjoyed the process with 96% of students saying they would recommend the program to a friend. Health and wellness coaching programs may alleviate the burden of stress and other subclinical mental health concerns as well as decrease the number of students requiring services from more intensive mental health resources on campus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amy Gatto
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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4
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Lin J, Gao YF, Guo Y, Li M, Zhu Y, You R, Chen S, Wang S. Effects of qigong exercise on the physical and mental health of college students: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:287. [PMID: 36348349 PMCID: PMC9641907 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical and mental health problems are becoming more serious among college students due to lifestyle changes and increased academic stress. Qigong exercise has been regarded as a potentially effective intervention to improve the physical and mental health of college students. METHODS Eleven databases were searched from their respective inception dates to April 2022. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Physical and psychological conditions, including limb muscle strength, flexibility, cardiorespiratory endurance, vital capacity, blood pressure and heart rate, as well as depression, anxiety and mood, were evaluated. The risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration tool. RESULTS Sixteen randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. Significant improvements in cardiorespiratory endurance (MD = 3.83, 95% CI: 0.99 to 6.67, P = 0.008) and flexibility (MD = 3.01, 95% CI: 1.21 to 4.81, P = 0.001) were observed. We also observed that Qigong exercise significantly reduced depression and anxiety symptoms (SMD=-0.89, 95% CI: -1.17 to -0.61, P < 0.00001; SMD=-0.78, 95% CI: -1.31 to -0.25, P = 0.004). Nevertheless, no significant effects on muscle strength, vital capacity, blood pressure, heart rate or mood were found. CONCLUSION Qigong exercise was advantageous for college students in terms of improving flexibility and cardiorespiratory endurance and alleviating depression and anxiety to some extent. However, due to the limited number of eligible trials and the low methodological quality, more well-designed RCTs are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Lin
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Geriatric Rehabilitation and Industry Promotion, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Fang Gao
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation,The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Geriatric Rehabilitation and Industry Promotion, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhu
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruoshi You
- Department of Rehabilitation,The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaoqing Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Shizhong Wang
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Geriatric Rehabilitation and Industry Promotion, Fuzhou, China.
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5
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Spence R, Kagan L, Nunn S, Bailey-Rodriguez D, Fisher HL, Hosang GM, Bifulco A. Life events, depression and supportive relationships affect academic achievement in university students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1931-1935. [PMID: 33253059 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1841776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundStudents often simultaneously deal with shifting support networks, stressful life changes and psychological distress which may affect academic achievement. Methods: 285 students completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to assess depression and the Computerized Life Events Assessment Record (CLEAR), to establish life events and supportive relationships. Module grades were used to measure academic achievement. A general linear model was used with student grade as the dependent variable and life events, depression and supportive relationships as independent variables. Confounding variables included age and sex. Results: A three-way interaction between life events, depression and lack of supportive relationships was found. It indicated the performance of depressed students depended on whether they had supportive relationships and that this interaction also depended on whether they had experienced a life event in the past year. Conclusions: Universities need to provide more support to students with life stress as they transition into university life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Spence
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Lisa Kagan
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Stephen Nunn
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | | | - Helen L Fisher
- King's College London, Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Georgina M Hosang
- Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts & London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
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6
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Knettel BA, Cherenack EM, Friis EA. Examining causal attributions for depression, alcohol use disorder, and schizophrenia in a diverse sample of international students at U.S. universities. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:2176-2183. [PMID: 33400636 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1846046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ObjectivesInternational students face increased vulnerability for mental health challenges, but underutilize counseling compared to their domestic peers. We examined beliefs regarding the causes of mental illness, known as attributions, which may impact treatment-seeking and stigma. Participants: Surveys were collected from 680 international students at U.S. universities. Methods: We sent invitations to a computer-based survey disseminated via international student email lists. The survey explored mental health attributions for depression, alcohol use disorder, and schizophrenia. Results: Attributions differed significantly by disorder. Depression and alcohol use were attributed to social stress and perceived as controllable and influenced by personal weakness and lifestyle choices. Schizophrenia was often attributed to hereditary/biological causes. Differences also emerged based on the participants' acculturation, region of origin, and religiosity. Conclusions: Attributions influence perceptions of mental illness and may lead to stigma. Providers should incorporate discussions of attribution in student outreach and counseling to address potential impacts on care-seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A Knettel
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- College of Education, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily M Cherenack
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elsa A Friis
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Constantinou CS, Thrastardottir TO, Baidwan HK, Makenete MS, Papageorgiou A, Georgiades S. Training of Faculty and Staff in Recognising Undergraduate Medical Students' Psychological Symptoms and Providing Support: A Narrative Literature Review. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:305. [PMID: 36135109 PMCID: PMC9495451 DOI: 10.3390/bs12090305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental illness among medical students in particular, and higher education students in general, is very high. Many measures have been suggested in order to improve the situation, including training members of faculty and staff. However, to the best of our knowledge there seem to be no studies proposing training programmes for medical schools' faculty and staff in response to recognising students' psychological difficulties and symptoms in order to provide the relevant support. Also, in cases where such training for supporting medical students with psychological symptomatology exist, the efficacy of the approach employed is not known. By employing a careful literature search according to published guidelines for narrative literature reviews, this study aimed to fill in this identified gap in the literature. From the literature search, 14 articles were included in this review and the results show that no training tailored for faculty and staff in medical schools was identified. However, articles that related to higher education were included because they were useful in providing insights for medicine, and show the following: (a) faculty and staff acknowledged the importance of mental illness among students, (b) many of them discussed with their students psychological symptoms and provided support, (c) they tended to feel unprepared for recognising students' psychological symptoms successfully and providing support, (d) they embraced the idea of being trained, and (e) any training seemed to be helpful for members of faculty and staff. From the results of this narrative review, we propose the CReATE circular pathway to ensure a sustainable process of training and support for students' development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costas S. Constantinou
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia 2414, Cyprus
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8
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Sandhu HS, Arora A, Brasch J. Correlates of explicit and implicit stigmatizing attitudes of Canadian undergraduate university students toward mental illness: A cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:567-571. [PMID: 31702960 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1682002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To assess explicit and implicit attitudes toward mental illness of undergraduate students and explore associated variables. Participants: Year 1-4 undergraduate students from a large Canadian university (n = 382). Methods: Participants completed demographics, the Opening Minds Scale for Healthcare Providers, and an Implicit Association Test. Two-tailed independent and paired-samples t-tests, and ANOVA were performed with significance level at p < .05. Results: About 67.5% self-reported having experienced a mental illness and 31.2% had been diagnosed. Lower explicit stigma was associated with females, those with a history of mental illness diagnosis, and those who have had a close relationship with someone experiencing a mental illness. Faculty of Social Sciences students had significantly lower explicit stigma scores than Faculty of Engineering students. Implicit stigma did not show significant associations with any factors. Conclusions: A high proportion of undergraduate students experience mental illness. Increased exposure and experience were associated with reduced explicit stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harman S Sandhu
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anish Arora
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jennifer Brasch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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9
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Cho S, Jang SJ. Effects of an Existential Nursing Intervention for College Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic Situation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5268. [PMID: 34063432 PMCID: PMC8156321 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study designed an intervention based on logo-autobiography to reduce Korean college students' stress and depression and help them find meaning in their lives amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. A quasi-experimental design was used to conduct group interventions among college students. A total of 22 and 26 participants were included in the experimental and control groups, respectively. The experimental group received six sessions of a logo-autobiography for college students (LAC). The effects of the LAC interventions were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and four weeks after the program's end to determine their retention rate. The effects of group, time, and the group-by-time interaction were verified using generalized estimating equations with an autoregressive correlation structure. The experimental group exhibited significantly lower levels of stress and depression and higher levels concerning the meaning of life than the control group. However, only the effects on stress and the meaning of life continued four weeks after the intervention's end. Based on this study's results, LAC can be considered a useful method for reducing stress and depression in college students who have just started their adult life, as well as for aiding them in their pursuit for the meaning of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhee Cho
- Department of Nursing, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Korea;
| | - Sun Joo Jang
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
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10
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Uriegas NA, Emerson DM, Smith AB, Kelly MR, Torres-McGehee TM. Examination of eating disorder risk among university marching band artists. J Eat Disord 2021; 9:35. [PMID: 33691784 PMCID: PMC7944617 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-021-00388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marching band artists are a physically active population, composed of approximately 27,000 people in the United States. University marching band artists face many of the same physically active demands and mental stressors as student athletes, potentially predisposing them to injury, illness, and risk for eating disorders (EDs). The purpose of this study was to examine ED risk across sex in university marching band artists, and to determine the type of risk based on the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) and Eating Disorder Inventory-3 Symptom Check List (EDI-3 SC). A secondary aim examined marching band artists and pathogenic weight control behavior use across sex. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 150 marching band artists (female: n = 84, male: n = 66, age = 19.9 ± 1.1 years) from three National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I university marching bands participated in the study. We screened for ED risk using the EDI-3, and the EDI-3 SC. RESULTS Overall, marching band artists were at risk for EDs, using only the EDI-3, 45.3% (n = 68) were at risk, with females at significant higher risk than males [χ2 = 5.228, p = .022]; using only the EDI-3 SC, 54% (n = 81) were at risk and no significant differences were found across sex. Overall, 48% of all participants reported dieting and 20.7% engaged in excessive exercise to control weight. Significant differences were found between sex and purging to control weight [χ2 = 3.94, p = .047] and laxative use [χ2 = 4.064, p = .044], with females engaging in behavior more than males. CONCLUSIONS Eating disorder risk was prevalent for both female and male marching band artists, with females displaying higher risk for EDs than males. Furthermore, marching band artists are engaging in pathogenic behaviors to control their weight. Healthcare providers (e.g., physicians, athletic trainers, physical therapist, dietitians, etc.) working in this setting should be aware of the risk factors displayed in marching band artists, and be able to provide education, prevention, and clinical interventions to this population. Additionally, marching band administrators should be aware of all medical risk factors and the benefit of having a healthcare provider (e.g., athletic trainer) to oversee the healthcare and wellness of marching band artists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy A Uriegas
- University of South Carolina, Blatt PE Center 212, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Dawn M Emerson
- University of Kansas, 1301 Sunnyside Avenue, Robinson 161, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Allison B Smith
- University of South Carolina, Blatt PE Center 212, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Melani R Kelly
- University of Kansas, 1301 Sunnyside Avenue, Robinson 161, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
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11
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Johnson-Esparza Y, Espinosa PR, Verney SP, Boursaw B, Smith BW. Social Support Protects Against Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression: Key Variations in Latinx and Non-Latinx White College Students. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 9:161-178. [PMID: 34386724 DOI: 10.1037/lat0000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Social support protects against perceived stress and its harmful effects on psychological well-being. College students in general are at high risk for mental health disorders, and Latinx college students face unique stressors placing them at greater risk of psychological distress. Social support may be a key construct in improving outcomes for college students; however, few studies have empirically tested whether the protective effect of social support is equivalent across racial/ethnic groups. Using a series of regression models, we investigated whether social support moderates the relationship between perceived stress and endorsement of depression and anxiety symptoms in Latinx (n = 265) and non-Latinx White college students (n = 216) and whether this moderating effect varied by group membership. Participants completed a series of questionnaires measuring social support, perceived stress, and depression and anxiety symptoms. The moderating effects of social support varied by group membership and outcomes (i.e., depression and anxiety). Social support moderated the relationship between perceived stress and depression symptoms for both Latinx and non-Latinx White students. However, social support only buffered the effect of perceived stress on anxiety symptom endorsement for Latinx college students. These findings suggest that social support does not function uniformly across racial/ethnic groups or the endorsement of depression and anxiety symptoms. Social support may be particularly important for Latinx students by providing a buffer between perceived stress and symptoms of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajaira Johnson-Esparza
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | | | - Steven P Verney
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico.,Psychology Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of New Mexico
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12
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Schultchen D, Küchler AM, Schillings C, Weineck F, Karabatsiakis A, Ebert DD, Baumeister H, Pollatos O. Effectiveness of a guided online mindfulness-focused intervention in a student population: Study protocol for a randomised control trial. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e032775. [PMID: 32209621 PMCID: PMC7202707 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies show that university students experience higher psychological stress than the general population, resulting in increased vulnerability for mental disorders for the student population. Online mindfulness interventions will be delivered to students as a potentially promising and more flexible approach compared to face-to-face interventions with the aim of improving their mental health. This study purposes to investigate the effectiveness of a guided online mindfulness-focused intervention for university students by using both self-reported and psychobiological measures. METHODS AND ANALYSES In this multicentre, two-armed randomised controlled trial with a parallel design, a guided version of the online mindfulness-focused intervention 'StudiCare Mindfulness' will be compared with a waitlist control group. In total, 120 participants will be recruited at different universities (of Applied Sciences) in (Neu-) Ulm. Data will be assessed prior to randomisation, after eight weeks (post-intervention) and six months after randomisation (follow-up). The primary outcome measure is mindfulness. The secondary outcome measures include depression, anxiety and stress levels, well-being, interoceptive sensibility, emotion regulation and alexithymia. Psychobiological parameters comprise interoceptive accuracy, hair cortisol and FKBP5 genotype. Sociodemographic variables, treatment expectations, side and adverse side effects, as well as intervention satisfaction and adherence will be assessed. All data analyses will be conducted according to the intention-to-treat principle. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION All study procedures have been approved by the Ethics Committee of Ulm University (application No. 48/18). The findings will be disseminated widely through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DRKS00014701.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Schultchen
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Marie Küchler
- Department of Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Christine Schillings
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Felicitas Weineck
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | | | - David D Ebert
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- & Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Department of Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Olga Pollatos
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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Abstract
In the last decade, mental health issues have come to the foreground in academia. Literature surrounding student mental health continues to grow as universities try to implement wellness services and study the mental health of their students. Studies vary greatly in terms of measurement tools, timeframe, sample demographics, as well as the chosen threshold of symptom severity for diagnosis. This review attempts to summarize, contextualize and synthesize papers that pertain to the challenges faced by academic trainees at the undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate level. The evidence for, and against, the common claim of increasing prevalence of mental health issues among students in recent years is discussed. While some studies support this claim, it is difficult to reach a definitive conclusion due to numerous confounding factors such as increased help-seeking behaviour, greater awareness of mental health issues and weak methodology. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, suicidal and self-injurious behaviour, distress and general mental illness diagnoses are discussed. Other issues known to influence mental health, such as sexual assault and bullying, are briefly addressed. Finally, select studies on a few wellness strategies that may improve mental health of trainees, such as mindfulness, are summarised, along with diverse recommendations for individual students, universities, and academia as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Eleftheriades
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clare Fiala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria D. Pasic
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, St. Joseph’s Health Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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A Simple Method for Assessing the Mental Health Status of Students in Higher Education. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234733. [PMID: 31783500 PMCID: PMC6926560 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mental health problems are common among students in higher education all over the world, so identifying those who are at higher risk would allow the targeted provision of help. Our goal was to develop an assessment tool to identify students at risk for vulnerable mental health status. This tool was created from the 12-item General Health Questionnaire and Antonovsky’s abbreviated sense of coherence scale and was tested to distinguish between those with high or low mental resilience. Predictive ability was characterized by likelihood ratios taking the Beck Depression Inventory and perceived health as references. One-quarter (95% CI 21.1% to 29.7%) of the students had been in vulnerable mental health characterized by low sense of coherence and high distress, whereas 28.4% (95% CI 24.2% to 33.1%) seemed resilient, having high sense of coherence and low distress. The high negative predictive value of the assessment tool reliably identified resilient students in comparison with both the Beck Depression Inventory (98.6%) and perceived health status (83.9%). Use of the assessment tool is recommended for students to distinguish between those at decreased and increased risk in terms of mental health. Mental health services should be offered to students at higher risk.
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Acebes-Sánchez J, Diez-Vega I, Rodriguez-Romo G. Physical Activity among Spanish Undergraduate Students: A Descriptive Correlational Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E2770. [PMID: 31382503 PMCID: PMC6696045 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Achieving the recommended levels of physical activity (PA) is associated with better health. Despite this, most undergraduate students report low levels of PA. This study aimed to assess the achievement of recommended PA levels in a wide sample of undergraduate students from Madrid (N = 2960). Overall PA and leisure-time PA (LTPA) were measured with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Descriptive analyses and logistic regression were performed. It was revealed that 22.4% and 55.6% of overall PA and LTPA, respectively, did not achieve World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. When PA was measured as overall PA, the achievement of the recommended level was positively predicted by male sex; a Body Mass Index (BMI) indicative of normal weight or being overweight; spending less time sitting or reclining; work; and studying health science, social sciences, engineering, or architecture (all p < 0.001; r2 = 0.075). Using LTPA, the positive predictors of achieving recommended PA levels were male sex, having a BMI indicative of normal weight or being overweight, work, studying at a public university, and studying health science (r2 = 0.048). These findings suggest that universities should implement strategies to promote PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Acebes-Sánchez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Diez-Vega
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid (UEM), Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Rodriguez-Romo
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Herrero R, Mira A, Cormo G, Etchemendy E, Baños R, García-Palacios A, Ebert DD, Franke M, Berger T, Schaub MP, Görlich D, Jacobi C, Botella C. An Internet based intervention for improving resilience and coping strategies in university students: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Internet Interv 2019; 16:43-51. [PMID: 30775264 PMCID: PMC6364440 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature shows a high prevalence of depression and anxiety in young people. The university represents a change in the lives of students, and is considered a stress factor. Therefore, it is particularly relevant to develop interventions specifically addressed to students and foster supportive environments and resilient communities. As students are "digital natives", online interventions offer several potential advantages in doing this. This study aims to develop and evaluate the efficacy of an Internet-based intervention (CORE: Cultivating our Resilience), based on the Ryff model of well-being, to promote resilience and coping skills, decrease symptoms of depression and anxiety, and increase overall wellbeing in young people confronting a crucial life event (the university). This paper summarizes the study protocol. METHOD The design of the planned study is a randomized controlled trial. A minimum of 464 participants will be randomly assigned to two conditions: 1) an unguided Internet-based intervention to enhance resilience (N = 232); 2) a care-as-usual condition (CAU) (N = 232). The primary outcome will be the Connor-Davidson resilience scale. Secondary outcomes will - among others - include other relevant clinical measures, such as anxiety and depressive symptoms, quality of life, and social support. Outcomes will be assessed 4 and 8 weeks, and 6 and 12-months follow-ups. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses will be performed. DISCUSSION The results of this study will contribute to the growing research on Internet-delivered interventions. The expected results may have a major impact on the prevention of mental disorders and possible negative consequences in at-risk populations, such as college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Herrero
- University Jaume, Castellón, Spain
- PROMOSAM Excellence in Research Program (PSI2014-56303-REDT), MINECO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adriana Mira
- PROMOSAM Excellence in Research Program (PSI2014-56303-REDT), MINECO, Valencia, Spain
- University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Giulia Cormo
- PROMOSAM Excellence in Research Program (PSI2014-56303-REDT), MINECO, Valencia, Spain
- University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ernestina Etchemendy
- PROMOSAM Excellence in Research Program (PSI2014-56303-REDT), MINECO, Valencia, Spain
- University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Baños
- PROMOSAM Excellence in Research Program (PSI2014-56303-REDT), MINECO, Valencia, Spain
- University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Azucena García-Palacios
- University Jaume, Castellón, Spain
- PROMOSAM Excellence in Research Program (PSI2014-56303-REDT), MINECO, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - David D. Ebert
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marvin Franke
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Berger
- University of Bern, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael P. Schaub
- Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction ISGF, Associated to the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Görlich
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Biometrie und Klinische Forschung, Schmedingstraße 56, Münster, Germany
| | - Corinna Jacobi
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cristina Botella
- University Jaume, Castellón, Spain
- PROMOSAM Excellence in Research Program (PSI2014-56303-REDT), MINECO, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
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Hennemann S, Böhme K, Baumeister H, Bendig E, Kleinstäuber M, Ebert DD, Witthöft M. Efficacy of a guided internet-based intervention (iSOMA) for somatic symptoms and related distress in university students: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e024929. [PMID: 30598489 PMCID: PMC6318514 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Persistent and distressing somatic symptoms are common in younger age cohorts such as university students. However, the majority does not receive adequate psychosocial care. Internet-based and mobile-based interventions may represent low threshold and effective extensions to reduce somatic and associated mental symptom severity. The planned study aims to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of an internet-based intervention in reducing somatic and psychological symptoms in an international population of university students with somatic symptom burden. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This parallel two-armed randomised controlled trial evaluates an 8-week guided intervention, including web-based consecutive modules based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) principles against a waitlist control group. Guidance will be provided by trained psychologists with weekly written supportive feedback. As part of the 'Studicare' project, the present study aims to recruit n=154 university students indicating somatic symptom burden at baseline in German-speaking universities. Self-report assessments will take place at baseline and after intervention completion (8, 16 weeks after randomisation). The primary outcome will be the severity of somatic symptoms and associated mental distress. Secondary outcomes include depression, (health) anxiety, disability, intervention satisfaction and adherence. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval has been granted. Results from this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DRKS00014375; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin Hennemann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Experimental Psychopathology, Institute of Psychology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Böhme
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Experimental Psychopathology, Institute of Psychology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eileen Bendig
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maria Kleinstäuber
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Daniel Ebert
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Witthöft
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Experimental Psychopathology, Institute of Psychology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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McLaughlin WG. Overloaded and overlooked: Improving resident advisors' self-care. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2018; 66:831-833. [PMID: 29447562 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1440573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this viewpoint is to discuss the lack of research on resident advisor (RA) self-care and how behavioral interventions can be used in housing programs to educate and improve RA self-care. It is essential for live-in housing staff (both professional and paraprofessional) to learn how to develop appropriate strategies that target problem behaviors to improve self-care. An overview of the RA position, the effects of increased demands (i.e., burnout), and the research on self-care behavioral interventions are discussed. Lastly, the call to use behavioral interventions within housing programs to educate RAs on self-care awareness and improve and monitor their health behaviors to prevent burnout and psychological distress is provided.
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Tayama J, Schaufeli W, Shimazu A, Tanaka M, Takahama A. Validation of a Japanese Version of the Work Engagement Scale for Students. JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jpr.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Rallis BA, Esposito-Smythers C, Disabato DJ, Mehlenbeck RS, Kaplan S, Geer L, Adams R, Meehan B. A brief peer gatekeeper suicide prevention training: Results of an open pilot trial. J Clin Psychol 2018; 74:1106-1116. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Seth Kaplan
- Department of Psychology; George Mason University; Fairfax VA USA
| | - Leslie Geer
- George Mason University Counseling and Psychological Services; Fairfax VA USA
| | - Ryan Adams
- George Mason University Counseling and Psychological Services; Fairfax VA USA
| | - Barbara Meehan
- George Mason University Counseling and Psychological Services; Fairfax VA USA
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21
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Lipson SK, Eisenberg D. Mental health and academic attitudes and expectations in university populations: results from the healthy minds study. J Ment Health 2017; 27:205-213. [DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2017.1417567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ketchen Lipson
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel Eisenberg
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Moir F, Henning M, Hassed C, Moyes SA, Elley CR. A Peer-Support and Mindfulness Program to Improve the Mental Health of Medical Students. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE 2016; 28:293-302. [PMID: 27092397 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2016.1153475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM There is evidence that peer-support programs can improve mental health indices and help-seeking behavior among students in some secondary school and university settings and that mindfulness can improve mental health in medical students. Peer-led programs have not been formally assessed in a medical student population, where psychological issues exist and where it has been shown that students approach peers for help in preference to staff members or professional services. INTERVENTION Medical students elected peer leaders who underwent training and then provided the intervention. The peer leaders provided support to students in the intervention group, as well as offering teaching in mindfulness meditation. CONTEXT An exploratory study was conducted with 2nd- and 3rd-year medical students at 1 medical school in New Zealand randomized into 2 groups. In addition to existing mental health resources, intervention participants received a program including peer support and peer-taught mindfulness practice. Study participants not offered the intervention participants could use existing mental health resources. Primary measures included depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) scores. Secondary measures were quality of life, resilience (15-item resilience scale), academic self-concept, and motivation to learn, assessed at baseline and 6 months. OUTCOME Of the 402 students eligible, 275 (68%) participated and 232 (58%) completed the study. At baseline, 53% were female and mean age was 21 years (SD = 3)-PHQ-9 score (M = 5.2, SD = 3.7) and GAD-7 score (M = 4.5, SD = 3.4). Twelve peer leaders were elected. There was good participation in the intervention. One fourth of intervention students used the face-to-face peer support and more than 50% attended a peer social event and/or participated in the mindfulness program. Although improvements in mental health were seen in the intervention group, the difference between the intervention and nonintervention groups did not reach statistical significance. LESSONS LEARNED Although evidence exists for effectiveness of peer support and mindfulness in other contexts, this exploratory study was not able to show a statistically significant effect. Future studies could consider using a longer training period for the peer leaders, as well as targeting the study population to those most likely to benefit such as those with poorer mental health, or using a more intensive intervention or larger sample size. A cluster randomized study design would also reduce the risk of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Moir
- a Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Marcus Henning
- b Centre for Medical and Health Sciences Education , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Craig Hassed
- c Department of General Practice , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Simon A Moyes
- a Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - C Raina Elley
- a Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
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Kramer MM, Davies SC. Challenges and Supports During the Transition from High School to College for Students with Traumatic Brain Injuries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40688-016-0095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cantrell M, Conte TM. From Chemo to College: The College Experience of Childhood Cancer Survivors. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2015; 33:329-38. [PMID: 26510645 DOI: 10.1177/1043454215604816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how childhood cancer survivors experience college life. Five undergraduate students who are childhood cancer survivors, aged 19 to 22 years, participated in a 75-minute focus group interview. The survivors attended the same university located in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. A transcript-based content analysis was used to analyze the data. Four themes and 2 subthemes were generated from the data analysis. Survivors described that the emotional growth they experienced from their cancer experience has provided them some psychological protection in managing the day-to-day challenges of college life and in making informed choices about engaging in high-risk behaviors. As a result of their cancer experience, the findings suggest that these childhood cancer survivors have a strong foundation of self-awareness and self-worth, which has assisted them in making a successful transition into college life and in enjoying positive collegiate experiences.
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Zheng G, Lan X, Li M, Ling K, Lin H, Chen L, Tao J, Li J, Zheng X, Chen B, Fang Q. Effectiveness of Tai Chi on Physical and Psychological Health of College Students: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132605. [PMID: 26147842 PMCID: PMC4492604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness and safety of Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) on physical and psychological health of college students. METHODS Two hundred six college students were recruited and randomly allocated to a control group or a TCC exercise group in an equal ratio. Participants in the control group were instructed to maintain their original activity level and those in the TCC exercise group received 12 weeks of TCC exercise training based on their original activity level. Physical and psychological outcomes were evaluated at baseline, 13 weeks and 25 weeks. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed for the above outcomes. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the TCC exercise group showed significant improvements at the end of the 12-week intervention period for flexibility (length of Sit and Reach (cm): TCC group 14.09±7.40 versus control 12.88±6.57, P = 0.039 adjusted for its baseline measures using a general linear model) and balance ability (open eyes perimeter: TCC group 235.6(191~314) versus control 261(216~300); closed eyes perimeter: TCC group 370.5 (284~454) versus control 367 (293~483); P = 0.0414, 0.008, respectively, adjusted for corresponding baseline measures using a general linear model). No significant changes in other physical and mental outcomes were found between the two groups. No adverse events were reported during the study period. CONCLUSION TCC exercise was beneficial in college students for improving flexibility and balance capability to some extent, compared with usual exercise. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-TRC-13003328.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Zheng
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xiulu Lan
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Moyi Li
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Kun Ling
- Department of Physical Education, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Physical Education, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Lidian Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jing Tao
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Junzhe Li
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Bai Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Qianying Fang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
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Dugas EN, Low NC, O'Loughlin EK, O'Loughlin JL. Recurrent suicidal ideation in young adults. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2015; 106:e303-7. [PMID: 26451992 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.106.4774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recurrent suicidal ideation (SI) may be linked to an increased risk of making suicide plans and suicide attempts. The objectives were to describe the frequency of SI recurrence in a population-based sample of young adults, and to compare mental health diagnoses, substance use, use of health services and medication use among those with and without recurrent SI. METHODS Data were collected from 785 participants at age 20 years and again at age 24. Chi-square tests were used to compare participants with and without recurrent SI. RESULTS Of 56 participants who reported SI at age 20, 32% reported SI four years later. Thirty-nine percent of participants with recurrent SI reported poor mental health compared to 8% of participants who never reported SI; 11% (vs. 4%) had sought professional help, 44% (vs. 8%) had been diagnosed with a mood and/or anxiety disorder, and 22% (vs. 2%) had taken medication for a mental health problem. Past-year substance use was higher among those with recurrent SI than among those with no SI: 67% vs. 42% smoked cigarettes, 56% vs. 39% used other tobacco products, 89% vs. 74% binge drank, 56% vs. 42% used marijuana and 33% vs. 17% reported using illicit drugs. CONCLUSION One third of young adults with a history of SI reported SI four years later. Because SI can recur, clinicians should monitor young adults with a history of SI, assess their substance use and mood/anxiety disorders and if needed, refer them for psychological or psychiatric care.
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Wynaden D, McAllister M, Tohotoa J, Al Omari O, Heslop K, Duggan R, Murray S, Happell B, Byrne L. The silence of mental health issues within university environments: a quantitative study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2014; 28:339-44. [PMID: 25439976 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A descriptive study was used to examine the attitudes and experiences of staff and students towards mental health problems. Staff completed the "Attitude towards mental illness survey", and students who self-identified having a mental health problem completed the "Stigma scale". Using an online collection process, data from 270 staff and 201 students showed that the "silence" surrounding mental health problems permeates the university environment and impacts on help seeking behaviors, the provision of support and on the recovery and wellbeing of affected individuals. Universities must decrease stigma and foster social inclusion to build self-esteem in people who have mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne Wynaden
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | | | - Jenny Tohotoa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Omar Al Omari
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Jerash University, Jordan, Jerash, Amman, Jerash, Jordan.
| | - Karen Heslop
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Ravani Duggan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Sean Murray
- Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Brenda Happell
- Central Queensland University Rockhampton, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Louise Byrne
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Central Queensland University Rockhampton, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.
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Brunner JL, Wallace DL, Reymann LS, Sellers JJ, McCabe AG. College Counseling Today: Contemporary Students and How Counseling Centers Meet Their Needs. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE STUDENT PSYCHOTHERAPY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/87568225.2014.948770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zheng G, Lan X, Li M, Ling K, Lin H, Chen L, Tao J, Li J, Zheng X, Chen B, Fang Q. The effectiveness of Tai Chi on the physical and psychological well-being of college students: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2014; 15:129. [PMID: 24742146 PMCID: PMC4000322 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The physical and mental health of college-age youths tends to continuously decline around the world. It is therefore important to promote health during this period. As a traditional Chinese mind-body exercise, Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) may be an available selection. However for the college student population, the evidence is unclear as to whether TCC can be recommended as an effective exercise for promoting their physical and psychological wellbeing. Therefore high quality, rigorous, prospective, and well-controlled randomized trials are needed to further understand TCC serving as a psychological and physical intervention in college age populations. Method/Design We designed a randomized, single-blind, parallel-controlled trial with a sample size of 206 participants. All the participants who meet the inclusion criteria come from Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (FJTCM). Participants of the TCC training group will receive TCC training at a frequency of five days per week for one hour per day for 12 weeks. No specific exercise will be administered on the participants in the control group. Both physical and mental health outcomes, including balance ability, lower limb proprioception, flexibility, physical fitness, self-efficacy, psychological symptoms, attention span, stress, self-esteem, mood and mindfulness, quality of life, and quality of sleep. Safety outcomes will be evaluated by blinded operators at baseline, 12 and 24-weeks post-intervention. Discussion This protocol presents an objective design of a randomized, single-blind trial that will test the effectiveness and safety of TCC on the physical and psychological wellbeing of college students. If the outcome is positive, the results will provide higher quality evidence of TCC on the physical and mental health of college age populations. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR-TRC-13003328.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lidian Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, HuaTuo Road, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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Zheng G, Li M, Lan X, Yan X, Lin Q, Chen L, Tao J, Zheng X, Li J, Chen B, Fang Q. The effect of Baduanjin exercise for physical and psychological wellbeing of college students: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2013; 14:422. [PMID: 24308310 PMCID: PMC4234126 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physical and mental health of college students tends to continuously decline around the world. Since they are in a significant transition period which presents opportunities and challenges in health promotion, it is important to improve their health in this period. As a traditional Chinese exercise form which combines movements with breath and mind, Baduanjin may be one of the selectable effective exercises. However, evidence of Baduanjin exercise for college students has not been completely established. The primary aim of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Baduanjin exercise for physical and mental health of college students through a rigorous randomization, parallel-controlled design. METHOD/DESIGN We will conduct a randomized, single-blind, parallel-controlled trial. A total of 222 college students from Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine who meet the eligibility criteria will be recruited and randomly allocated into Baduanjin training or usual exercise control group. Baduanjin training will last 12 weeks (1 h per day, 5 days per week). The physical and psychological outcomes, including lumbar muscle strength, lumbar proprioception function, physical fitness, as well as self-reported symptom intensity, stress, self-esteem, mood, quality of life, quality of sleep, and adverse events, will be evaluated by blinded outcome assessors at baseline, 13 weeks (at the end of intervention), and 25 weeks (after the 12-week follow-up period). DISCUSSION This protocol presents an objective design of a randomized, single-blind trial that aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Baduanjin exercise for physical and mental health of college students. If the outcome is positive, the results will provide higher-quality evidence to better inform the college students regarding their selection about whether to receive such exercise. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR-TRC-13003329. Registration date: 18 July, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Zheng
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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Hussain R, Guppy M, Robertson S, Temple E. Physical and mental health perspectives of first year undergraduate rural university students. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:848. [PMID: 24034822 PMCID: PMC3847612 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students are often perceived to have a privileged position in society and considered immune to ill-health and disability. There is growing evidence that a sizeable proportion experience poor physical health, and that the prevalence of psychological disorders is higher in university students than their community peers. This study examined the physical and mental health issues for first year Australian rural university students and their perception of access to available health and support services. METHODS Cross-sectional study design using an online survey form based on the Adolescent Screening Questionnaire modeled on the internationally recognised HEADSS survey tool. The target audience was all first-year undergraduate students enrolled in an on-campus degree program. The response rate was 41% comprising 355 students (244 females, 111 males). Data was analysed using standard statistical techniques including descriptive and inferential statistics; and thematic analysis of the open-ended responses. RESULTS The mean age of the respondents was 20.2 years (SD 4.8). The majority of the students lived in on-campus residential college style accommodation, and a third combined part-time paid work with full-time study. Most students reported being in good physical health. However, on average two health conditions were reported over the past six months, with the most common being fatigue (56%), frequent headaches (26%) and allergies (24%). Mental health problems included anxiety (25%), coping difficulties (19.7%) and diagnosed depression (8%). Most respondents reported adequate access to medical doctors and support services for themselves (82%) and friends (78%). However the qualitative comments highlighted concerns about stigma, privacy and anonymity in seeking counselling. CONCLUSIONS The present study adds to the limited literature of physical and mental health issues as well as barriers to service utilization by rural university students. It provides useful baseline data for the development of customised support programs at rural campuses. Future research using a longitudinal research design and multi-site studies are recommended to facilitate a deeper understanding of health issues affecting rural university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafat Hussain
- School of Rural Medicine, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
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Cleary M, Horsfall J, Baines J, Happell B. Mental health behaviours among undergraduate nursing students: issues for consideration. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2012; 32:951-955. [PMID: 22154953 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2011.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
It is clear that many university students across all disciplines (including nursing) experience a diverse range of intrapersonal and interpersonal difficulties. Some students are exposed to circumstances and expectations that may place them at risk for mental health or substance use disorders or exacerbate pre-existing problems. Research shows increasing rates of diagnosable mental health conditions such as substance use disorders, depression, personality disorders, and behavioural challenges that present themselves while students are undertaking their university education. It is therefore important that nurse educators are able to identify student problems in both academic and clinical settings, so that symptoms, signs and inexplicable behaviours are not ignored, and steps towards referral and early intervention are taken. In this paper, we discuss rates of mental health problems and substance use among undergraduate nursing students, problems in the teaching-learning and clinical settings which nurse educators are likely to witness, and the consequences of unacknowledged psychiatric difficulties and problematic behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Cleary
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore.
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Bíró E, Adány R, Kósa K. Mental health and behaviour of students of public health and their correlation with social support: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:871. [PMID: 22087581 PMCID: PMC3271050 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Future public health professionals are especially important among students partly because their credibility in light of their professional messages and activities will be tested daily by their clients; and partly because health professionals' own lifestyle habits influence their attitudes and professional activities. A better understanding of public health students' health and its determinants is necessary for improving counselling services and tailoring them to demand. Our aim was to survey public health students' health status and behaviour with a focus on mental health. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among public health students at 1-5-years (N = 194) with a self-administered questionnaire that included standardized items on demographic data, mental wellbeing characterized by sense of coherence (SoC) and psychological morbidity, as well as health behaviour and social support. Correlations between social support and the variables for mental health, health status and health behaviour were characterized by pairwise correlation. Results The response rate was 75% and represented students by study year, sex and age in the Faculty. Nearly half of the students were non-smokers, more than one quarter smoked daily. Almost one-fifth of the students suffered from notable psychological distress. The proportion of these students decreased from year 1 to 5. The mean score for SoC was 60.1 and showed an increasing trend during the academic years. 29% of the students lacked social support from their student peers. Significant positive correlation was revealed between social support and variables for mental health. Psychological distress was greater among female public health students than in the same age female group of the general population; whereas the lack of social support was a more prevalent problem among male students. Conclusions Health status and behaviour of public health students is similar to their non-students peers except for their worse mental health. Future public health professionals should be better prepared for coping with the challenges they face during their studies. Universities must facilitate this process by providing helping services targeted at those with highest risk, and developing training to improve coping skills. Social support is also a potentially amenable determinant of mental health during higher education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bíró
- Division of Health Promotion, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Cleary M, Walter G, Jackson D. "Not always smooth sailing": mental health issues associated with the transition from high school to college. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2011; 32:250-4. [PMID: 21355760 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2010.548906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Students who transition from high school to college are often excited by the new phase of their lives. However, they are exposed to circumstances and expectations which place them at risk for psychiatric disorders or that may exacerbate pre-existing problems. In this paper, we discuss risk factors and other issues associated with students transitioning to college or university life, identify challenges for health professionals, and suggest possible strategies to improve the mental health of young adults on college campuses. Academic staff and health care providers need to be aware of how best to engage and assist students during an important phase of their life. Processes and care pathways also need to be easily understood, user friendly, and appropriately resourced. It is anticipated that staff, students, and industry health care providers will benefit from a greater awareness of some of the mental health issues that may occur in higher education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Cleary
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, University of Western, Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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McGuinness TM, Ahern NR. Risky Behavior of Adolescent College Students. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2009; 47:21-5. [DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20090401-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Visnjic AM, Milosavljevic ND, Djordjevic GD. Stress factors of medical students in Serbia. J Public Health (Oxf) 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-009-0250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Blanco C, Okuda M, Wright C, Hasin DS, Grant BF, Liu SM, Olfson M. Mental health of college students and their non-college-attending peers: results from the National Epidemiologic Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 65:1429-37. [PMID: 19047530 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.65.12.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 850] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although young adulthood is often characterized by rapid intellectual and social development, college-aged individuals are also commonly exposed to circumstances that place them at risk for psychiatric disorders. OBJECTIVES To assess the 12-month prevalence of psychiatric disorders, sociodemographic correlates, and rates of treatment among individuals attending college and their non-college-attending peers in the United States. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Face-to-face interviews were conducted in the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (N = 43,093). Analyses were done for the subsample of college-aged individuals, defined as those aged 19 to 25 years who were both attending (n = 2188) and not attending (n = 2904) college in the previous year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sociodemographic correlates and prevalence of 12-month DSM-IV psychiatric disorders, substance use, and treatment seeking among college-attending individuals and their non-college-attending peers. RESULTS Almost half of college-aged individuals had a psychiatric disorder in the past year. The overall rate of psychiatric disorders was not different between college-attending individuals and their non-college-attending peers. The unadjusted risk of alcohol use disorders was significantly greater for college students than for their non-college-attending peers (odds ratio = 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.50), although not after adjusting for background sociodemographic characteristics (adjusted odds ratio = 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.98-1.44). College students were significantly less likely (unadjusted and adjusted) to have a diagnosis of drug use disorder or nicotine dependence or to have used tobacco than their non-college-attending peers. Bipolar disorder was less common in individuals attending college. College students were significantly less likely to receive past-year treatment for alcohol or drug use disorders than their non-college-attending peers. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatric disorders, particularly alcohol use disorders, are common in the college-aged population. Although treatment rates varied across disorders, overall fewer than 25% of individuals with a mental disorder sought treatment in the year prior to the survey. These findings underscore the importance of treatment and prevention interventions among college-aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Blanco
- New York State Psychiatric Institute/Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
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Blanco C, Okuda M, Wright C, Hasin DS, Grant BF, Liu SM, Olfson M. Mental health of college students and their non-college-attending peers: results from the National Epidemiologic Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY 2008. [PMID: 19047530 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.65.12.1429.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although young adulthood is often characterized by rapid intellectual and social development, college-aged individuals are also commonly exposed to circumstances that place them at risk for psychiatric disorders. OBJECTIVES To assess the 12-month prevalence of psychiatric disorders, sociodemographic correlates, and rates of treatment among individuals attending college and their non-college-attending peers in the United States. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Face-to-face interviews were conducted in the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (N = 43,093). Analyses were done for the subsample of college-aged individuals, defined as those aged 19 to 25 years who were both attending (n = 2188) and not attending (n = 2904) college in the previous year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sociodemographic correlates and prevalence of 12-month DSM-IV psychiatric disorders, substance use, and treatment seeking among college-attending individuals and their non-college-attending peers. RESULTS Almost half of college-aged individuals had a psychiatric disorder in the past year. The overall rate of psychiatric disorders was not different between college-attending individuals and their non-college-attending peers. The unadjusted risk of alcohol use disorders was significantly greater for college students than for their non-college-attending peers (odds ratio = 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.50), although not after adjusting for background sociodemographic characteristics (adjusted odds ratio = 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.98-1.44). College students were significantly less likely (unadjusted and adjusted) to have a diagnosis of drug use disorder or nicotine dependence or to have used tobacco than their non-college-attending peers. Bipolar disorder was less common in individuals attending college. College students were significantly less likely to receive past-year treatment for alcohol or drug use disorders than their non-college-attending peers. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatric disorders, particularly alcohol use disorders, are common in the college-aged population. Although treatment rates varied across disorders, overall fewer than 25% of individuals with a mental disorder sought treatment in the year prior to the survey. These findings underscore the importance of treatment and prevention interventions among college-aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Blanco
- New York State Psychiatric Institute/Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
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