1
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Peyman A, Pourazizi M, Dehghani S, Ghorbani S. Recurring nodular scleritis following inactivated vaccination for COVID-19. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7420. [PMID: 37323271 PMCID: PMC10264956 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Though COVID-19 vaccination saved many lives all around the world, it has had many adverse effects including ophthalmologic side effects. It is important to report such adverse effects to provide timely diagnosis and management. Abstract Since the COVID-19 global outbreak, many types of vaccines have been introduced. These vaccines have been associated with some adverse effects including ocular manifestations. Herein, we report a case of a patient who developed nodular scleritis shortly after receiving the first and second doses of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, Sinopharm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Peyman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Isfahan Eye Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Mohsen Pourazizi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Isfahan Eye Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Shakiba Dehghani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Farabi Eye HospitalTehran University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
| | - Sarah Ghorbani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Isfahan Eye Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
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2
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Feng YX, Hu H, Wong YY, Yao X, He ML. Microneedles: An Emerging Vaccine Delivery Tool and a Prospective Solution to the Challenges of SARS-CoV-2 Mass Vaccination. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051349. [PMID: 37242591 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an effective measure to prevent infectious diseases. Protective immunity is induced when the immune system is exposed to a vaccine formulation with appropriate immunogenicity. However, traditional injection vaccination is always accompanied by fear and severe pain. As an emerging vaccine delivery tool, microneedles overcome the problems associated with routine needle vaccination, which can effectively deliver vaccines rich in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to the epidermis and dermis painlessly, inducing a strong immune response. In addition, microneedles have the advantages of avoiding cold chain storage and have the flexibility of self-operation, which can solve the logistics and delivery obstacles of vaccines, covering the vaccination of the special population more easily and conveniently. Examples include people in rural areas with restricted vaccine storage facilities and medical professionals, elderly and disabled people with limited mobility, infants and young children afraid of pain. Currently, in the late stage of fighting against COVID-19, the main task is to increase the coverage of vaccines, especially for special populations. To address this challenge, microneedle-based vaccines have great potential to increase global vaccination rates and save many lives. This review describes the current progress of microneedles as a vaccine delivery system and its prospects in achieving mass vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xiu Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huan Hu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu-Yuen Wong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- CityU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518071, China
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3
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Kytko OV, Vasil’ev YL, Dydykin SS, Diachkova EY, Sankova MV, Litvinova TM, Volel BA, Zhandarov KA, Grishin AA, Tatarkin VV, Suetenkov DE, Nikolaev AI, Pastbin MY, Ushnitsky ID, Gromova SN, Saleeva GT, Saleeva L, Saleev N, Shakirov E, Saleev RA. COVID-19 Vaccinating Russian Medical Students-Challenges and Solutions: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11556. [PMID: 36141828 PMCID: PMC9517622 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: The role of preventive measures increases significantly in the absence of effective specific COVID-19 treatment. Mass population immunization and the achievement of collective immunity are of particular importance. The future development of public attitudes towards SARS-CoV-2 immunization depends significantly on medical students, as future physicians. Therefore, it seemed relevant to determine the percentage of COVID-19-vaccinated medical students and to identify the factors significantly affecting this indicator. Methods: A total of 2890 medical students from years one to six, studying at nine leading Russian medical universities, participated in an anonymous sociological survey. The study was performed in accordance with the STROBE guidelines. Results: It was found that the percentage of vaccinated Russian medical students at the beginning of the academic year 2021 was 58.8 ± 7.69%, which did not significantly differ from the vaccination coverage of the general population in the corresponding regions (54.19 ± 4.83%). Student vaccination rate was largely determined by the region-specific epidemiological situation. The level of student vaccination coverage did not depend on the gender or student residence (in a family or in a university dormitory). The group of senior students had a higher number of COVID-19 vaccine completers than the group of junior students. The lack of reliable information about COVID-19 vaccines had a pronounced negative impact on the SARS-CoV-2 immunization process. Significant information sources influencing student attitudes toward vaccination included medical professionals, medical universities, academic conferences, and manuscripts, which at that time provided the least information. Conclusion: The obtained results make it possible to develop recommendations to promote SARS-CoV-2 immunoprophylaxis among students and the general population and to increase collective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya V. Kytko
- Sklifosovskyi Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuriy L. Vasil’ev
- Sklifosovskyi Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Dydykin
- Sklifosovskyi Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Yu Diachkova
- Sklifosovskyi Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria V. Sankova
- Sklifosovskyi Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana M. Litvinova
- Sklifosovskyi Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Beatrice A. Volel
- Sklifosovskyi Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill A. Zhandarov
- Sklifosovskyi Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Grishin
- Sklifosovskyi Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav V. Tatarkin
- Department of Operative and Clinical Surgery with Topographic Anatomy Named after S.A. Simbirtsev, Mechnikov North-West State Medical University, Kirochnaya St., 41, 191015 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitriy E. Suetenkov
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, V.I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, B. Kazachya St., 112, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexander I. Nikolaev
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Smolensk State Medical University, Krupskoy St., 28, 214019 Smolensk, Russia
| | - Michael Yu Pastbin
- Department of Children Dentistry, Northern State Medical University, Troitsky Avenue, 51, 163000 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Innokenty D. Ushnitsky
- Department of Therapeutic, Surgical and Prosthetic Dentistry, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Belinsky St., 58, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana N. Gromova
- Department of Dentistry, Kirov State Medical University, K. Marx St., d.112, 610998 Kirov, Russia
| | - Gulshat T. Saleeva
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Kazan State Medical University, Butlerova St., 49, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Liaisan Saleeva
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Kazan State Medical University, Butlerova St., 49, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Nail Saleev
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Kazan State Medical University, Butlerova St., 49, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Eduard Shakirov
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Kazan State Medical University, Butlerova St., 49, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Rinat A. Saleev
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Kazan State Medical University, Butlerova St., 49, 420012 Kazan, Russia
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4
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Cachicatari-Vargas E, Mutter Cuellar KJ, Condori Chipana WF, Miranda Socasaire FDM, Acevedo-Duque Á, Arpasi-Quispe O. The Mental Health of Older Adults in the Densely Populated Areas of Tacna Region-Peru, 2021: Implications of the COVID-19 Information. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11470. [PMID: 36141745 PMCID: PMC9517467 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to analyze the implications of exposure to various news channels that broadcast information on COVID-19 and their impact on the mental health of older adults in the sparsely populated area of the Tacna Region during the year 2021. The present study used a descriptive correlational type of quantitative approach on a sample of 389 older adults aged 60 years and over, who were recruited by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. For the application of the survey technique, the instrument used was a questionnaire modified by the authors. In terms of research ethics for the development of the study, the respondents provided informed consent, and other ethical considerations were addressed. In relation to sociodemographic variables of mental health, it was found that women had a greater incidence of anxiety (p < 0.01) and that people with fewer years of study had a greater incidence of depression (p < 0.01) and anxiety in sparsely populated areas. Exposure to news through television was associated with depression, and news obtained from other people was associated with depression (p < 0.001). An association was also found between the number of hours of television news and stress (p < 0.05), and radio news was associated with anxiety (p < 0.05). In terms of psychological consequences, the highest mean for television exposure was fear, while the greatest psychological consequence of radio news was fear, followed by stress and awareness. Finally, negative, inverse, and significant relationships were found that indicate protective factors, such as depression with awareness and indignation, and anxiety was inversely related to awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karimen Jetzabel Mutter Cuellar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Tacna 23001, Peru
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500912, Chile
| | - Wender Florencio Condori Chipana
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Tacna 23001, Peru
- Graduate School, Norbert Wiener University, Lima 15046, Peru
| | | | - Ángel Acevedo-Duque
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500912, Chile
| | - Orfelina Arpasi-Quispe
- Graduate School, Norbert Wiener University, Lima 15046, Peru
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima 15046, Peru
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5
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Garnica M, Aiello A, Ligotti ME, Accardi G, Arasanz H, Bocanegra A, Blanco E, Calabrò A, Chocarro L, Echaide M, Kochan G, Fernandez-Rubio L, Ramos P, Pojero F, Zareian N, Piñeiro-Hermida S, Farzaneh F, Candore G, Caruso C, Escors D. How Can We Improve the Vaccination Response in Older People? Part II: Targeting Immunosenescence of Adaptive Immunity Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9797. [PMID: 36077216 PMCID: PMC9456031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of people that are 65 years old or older has been increasing due to the improvement in medicine and public health. However, this trend is not accompanied by an increase in quality of life, and this population is vulnerable to most illnesses, especially to infectious diseases. Vaccination is the best strategy to prevent this fact, but older people present a less efficient response, as their immune system is weaker due mainly to a phenomenon known as immunosenescence. The adaptive immune system is constituted by two types of lymphocytes, T and B cells, and the function and fitness of these cell populations are affected during ageing. Here, we review the impact of ageing on T and B cells and discuss the approaches that have been described or proposed to modulate and reverse the decline of the ageing adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maider Garnica
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Hugo Arasanz
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Bocanegra
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ester Blanco
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Division of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anna Calabrò
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Chocarro
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Echaide
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Grazyna Kochan
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leticia Fernandez-Rubio
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pablo Ramos
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fanny Pojero
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nahid Zareian
- The Rayne Institute, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Farzin Farzaneh
- The Rayne Institute, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - David Escors
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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6
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Beyazgul B, Koruk İ, Kuzan R. Effect of elderly individuals' perceptions and attitudes toward COVID-19 pandemic on rejecting COVID-19 vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2079338. [PMID: 35687362 PMCID: PMC9467538 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2079338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that COVID-19 vaccines serve as an important tool for protection against COVID-19 infection, in individuals aged above 65 years, as well as the entire community, there are significant problems associated with getting vaccinated. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of perceptions and attitudes toward the COVID-19 epidemic in individuals over the age of 65 living in Şanlıurfa, Turkey in 2021, on the situation of having COVID-19 vaccination. The study is designed as a case-control type of research. The study population was comprised of individuals aged 65 years and above located in Şanlıurfa, Turkey. The Case Group consisted of individuals, who rejected the COVID-19 vaccination and the Control Group consisted of individuals who have received the vaccine. The individuals recruited in the Case and Control Groups were selected by means of the snowball sampling method. The study included a total of 240 individuals including 120 in the Case Group and 120 in the Control Group. Rate of vaccine rejection was higher in individuals who believed that the media exaggerated the pandemic, the disease had low contagiousness, the pandemic was a conspiracy, the environmental pollution had no role in the disease, the domestic measures taken against the epidemic were inadequate, the personal hygiene could not protect from disease, and who did not believe that the disease was inevitable [p < 0.05]. Governments have a lot of responsibilities in providing accurate information about vaccination to people and increasing confidence in the health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Beyazgul
- Harran University, Medical Faculty, Public Health Department, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Koruk
- Harran University, Medical Faculty, Public Health Department, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Rüstem Kuzan
- Harran University, Medical Faculty, Public Health Department, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
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7
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Türen U, Gökmen Y, Erdem H, Kalkin G. OUP accepted manuscript. Health Promot Int 2022:6565353. [PMID: 35394534 PMCID: PMC9047208 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Türen
- Turkish Military Academy, Ankara 06654, Turkey
| | - Yunus Gökmen
- Faculty of Communication, Baskent University, Ankara 06790, Turkey
| | - Haluk Erdem
- Turkish Military Academy, Ankara 06654, Turkey
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8
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Sharifi Y, Ebrahimpur M, Payab M, Larijani B. The Syndemic Theory, the COVID-19 Pandemic, and The Epidemics of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Med J Islam Repub Iran 2022; 36:177. [PMID: 36919009 PMCID: PMC10008253 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.36.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The syndemic theory is based on the interaction of two or more epidemics. This phenomenon is important in the current COVID-19 pandemic. Results: This pandemic affects all aspects of human life, including the management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and so on. This effect may have an impact not only on the management of the underlying NCDs but also on the infection and prognosis of COVID-19. Another aspect of this syndemic is that the health policies in each country have been revolutionized as a result of this pandemic, and the association of COVID-19 with other NCDs necessitates the implementation of new policies to properly manage this syndemic. Conclusion: In this paper, we review the syndemic theory, how the COVID-19 pandemic could be classified as a syndemic with other NCDs, and how this pandemic changes circumstances for policymakers in any country, particularly the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Sharifi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahbube Ebrahimpur
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moloud Payab
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Salmerón Ríos S, Cortés Zamora EB, Avendaño Céspedes A, Romero Rizos L, Sánchez-Jurado PM, Sánchez-Nievas G, Mas Romero M, Tabernero Sahuquillo MT, Blas Señalada JJ, Murillo Romero A, García Nogueras I, Estrella Cazalla JDD, Andrés-Pretel F, Lauschke VM, Stebbing J, Abizanda P. Immunogenicity after 6 months of BNT162b2 vaccination in frail or disabled nursing home residents: The COVID-A Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2021; 70:650-658. [PMID: 34894403 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is incomplete information regarding evolution of antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 after a two-dose strategy vaccination with BNT162b2 in older adults in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) with frailty, disability, or cognitive impairment. We aimed to determine IgG antibody titer loss in older adults in LTCFs. METHODS This is a multicenter longitudinal cohort study including 127 residents (90 females and 37 males) with a mean age of 82.7 years (range 65-99) with different frailty and disability profiles in two LTCFs in Albacete, Spain. Residents received two doses of BNT162b2 as per label, and antibody levels were determined 1 and 6 months after the second dose. Age, sex, previous history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), comorbidity (Charlson Index), performance in activities of daily living (Barthel Index), frailty (FRAIL instrument), and cognitive status were assessed. RESULTS The mean antibody titers 1 and 6 months after the second vaccine dose were 32,145 AU/ml (SD 41,206) and 6182 AU/ml (SD 13,316), respectively. Across all participants, the median antibody titer loss measured 77.6% (interquartile range [IQR] 23.8%). Notably, the decline of titers in individuals with pre-vaccination COVID-19 infection was significantly lower than in those without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection (72.2% vs. 85.3%; p < 0.001). The median titer decrease per follow-up day was 0.47% (IQR 0.14%) and only pre-vaccination COVID-19 was associated with lower rate of antibody decline at 6 months (hazard ratio 0.17; 95% confidence interval 0.07-0.41; p < 0.001). Frailty, disability, older age, cognitive impairment, or comorbidity were not associated with the extent of antibody loss. CONCLUSIONS Older adults in LTCFs experience a rapid loss of antibodies over the first 6 months after the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine. Only pre-vaccination COVID-19 is associated with a slower rate of antibody decrease. Our data support immunization with a third dose in this vulnerable, high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Salmerón Ríos
- Residencia de Mayores San Vicente de Paúl, Diputación de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Elisa Belén Cortés Zamora
- Department of Geriatrics, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain.,CIBERFES, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Avendaño Céspedes
- Department of Geriatrics, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain.,CIBERFES, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Luis Romero Rizos
- Department of Geriatrics, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain.,CIBERFES, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Pedro Manuel Sánchez-Jurado
- Department of Geriatrics, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain.,CIBERFES, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Ginés Sánchez-Nievas
- Department of Rheumatology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Marta Mas Romero
- Department of Geriatrics, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan de Dios Estrella Cazalla
- Department of Geriatrics, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain.,CIBERFES, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Madrid, Spain.,Residencia de Mayores Núñez de Balboa, Albacete, Spain
| | - Fernando Andrés-Pretel
- Department of Statistics, Foundation of the National Paraplegics Hospital of Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | - Volker Martin Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Pedro Abizanda
- Department of Geriatrics, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain.,CIBERFES, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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Tiyo BT, Schmitz GJH, Ortega MM, da Silva LT, de Almeida A, Oshiro TM, Duarte AJDS. What Happens to the Immune System after Vaccination or Recovery from COVID-19? Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1152. [PMID: 34833028 PMCID: PMC8619084 DOI: 10.3390/life11111152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its leading role in fighting infections, the human immune system has been the focus of many studies in the context of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In a worldwide effort, the scientific community has transitioned from reporting about the effects of the novel coronavirus on the human body in the early days of the pandemic to exploring the body's many immunopathological and immunoprotecting properties that have improved disease treatment and enabled the development of vaccines. The aim of this review is to explain what happens to the immune system after recovery from COVID-19 and/or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes the disease. We detail the way in which the immune system responds to a SARS-CoV-2 infection, including innate and adaptive measures. Then, we describe the role of vaccination, the main types of COVID-19 vaccines and how they protect us. Further, we explain the reason why immunity after COVID-19 infection plus a vaccination appears to induce a stronger response compared with virus exposure alone. Additionally, this review reports some correlates of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection. In conclusion, we reinforce that vaccination is safe and important in achieving herd immunity.
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BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination Leads to Long-Term Protection from COVID-19 Disease. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101164. [PMID: 34696272 PMCID: PMC8538967 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccines in preventing COVID-19 disease has been extensively demonstrated; however, it is of uttermost importance to acquire knowledge on the persistence of immune-protection both in terms of levels of neutralizing antibodies and specialized memory cells. This can provide important scientific basis for decisions on the need of additional vaccine doses and on when these should be administered thus resulting in an improvement in vaccination schedules. Here, we briefly report the changes in antibody levels and cellular immunity following BNT162b2 administration. We show an important fall in anti S1-Spike antibodies in BNT162b2 vaccinated subjects overtime, paralleled by a contextual consolidation of specific spike (S) T-cells, mainly of the CD8+ compartment. Contrariwise, CD4+ S-specific response shows a considerable interindividual variability. These data suggest that the well-known antibody drop in vaccinated subjects is replaced by memory cell consolidation that can protect from severe adverse effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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