1
|
De Moura FF, Moursi M, Donahue Angel M, Angeles-Agdeppa I, Muslimatun S, Atmarita A, Gironella GM, Boy E, Carriquiry A. An Ex-Ante Analysis of the Impact of Biofortified Zinc Rice on Dietary Zinc Inadequacy: Evidence from Bangladesh, Indonesia, and the Philippines. J Nutr 2024; 154:2575-2582. [PMID: 38936549 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND South, East, and Southeast Asia are among the regions of the world with the highest estimated prevalence of inadequate zinc intake. Because populations in those regions eat rice as their main staple, zinc biofortification of rice can potentially improve zinc intake, especially among the most vulnerable. OBJECTIVES We modeled the impact of the consumption of zinc-biofortified rice on zinc intake and inadequacy among women of childbearing age and young children nationally in Indonesia, the Philippines, and at a subnational level in Bangladesh. METHODS We conducted an ex-ante analysis by applying increments of zinc content in rice, from a baseline level of 16 parts per million (ppm) to 100 ppm, and based on rice consumption data to substitute levels of conventional rice with zinc-biofortified rice varying between 10% and 70%. RESULTS Among all datasets evaluated from these 3 countries, the prevalence of dietary zinc inadequacy at baseline was 94%-99% among women of childbearing age, 77%-100% among children 4-5 y old, and 27%-78% among children 1-3 y old. At the current breeding target of 28 ppm, zinc-biofortified rice has the potential to decrease zinc inadequacy by ≤50% among women and children in rural Bangladesh and among children in the Philippines where consumption of rice is higher compared with Indonesia. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis shows that increasing zinc content in rice ≤45 ppm reduces the burden of zinc inadequacy substantially, after which we encourage programs to increase coverage to reach the highest number of beneficiaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana F De Moura
- HarvestPlus c/o International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - Mourad Moursi
- HarvestPlus c/o International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Moira Donahue Angel
- HarvestPlus c/o International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Imelda Angeles-Agdeppa
- Department of Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Taguig, Philippines
| | - Siti Muslimatun
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Life Sciences, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences (i3L), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Atmarita Atmarita
- National Institute of Health and Development, Ministry of Health, Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Glen M Gironella
- Department of Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Taguig, Philippines
| | - Erick Boy
- HarvestPlus c/o International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alicia Carriquiry
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ribeiro VHDA, Cavalcanti-Mata MERM, Almeida RLJ, Silva VMDA. Characterization and Evaluation of Heat-Moisture-Modified Black and Red Rice Starch: Physicochemical, Microstructural, and Functional Properties. Foods 2023; 12:4222. [PMID: 38231608 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate starch from black and red rice modified by heat-moisture, investigating the extraction yield, starch and amylose content, color, and phenolic compounds. The water and oil absorption capacity, whole milk and zero lactose absorption index, syneresis index, and texture were also analyzed. Microstructural analysis included Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The heat-moisture treatment (HMT) reduced the extraction yield and the starch and amylose content, with native black rice starch having the highest values for these parameters. The modification also affected the color and phenolic compounds of the starch, making it darker and changing its appearance. The modification improved the absorption of water, oil, and milk, reducing syneresis and increasing stability during storage. The starch surface was altered, especially for modified black rice starch, with larger agglomerates. The type of starch also changed from A to Vh, with lower relative crystallinity. The textural properties of modified red rice starch were also significantly altered. The HMT proved to be a viable and economical option to modify the analyzed parameters, influencing the texture and physicochemical properties of pigmented rice starch, expanding its applications, and improving its stability during storage at temperatures above 100 °C.
Collapse
|
3
|
De Steur H, Stein AJ, Demont M. From Golden Rice to Golden Diets: How to turn its recent approval into practice. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2022; 32:100596. [PMID: 35300044 PMCID: PMC8907858 DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Following its approval in the Philippines in July 2021, provitamin A-rich "Golden Rice" is set to become the worlds' first commercialized genetically modified crop with direct consumer benefits. Despite supplementation and fortification programs, the burden of micronutrient deficiencies remains high. For Golden Rice to be successful in reducing vitamin A deficiency, it needs to be taken up by food systems and integrated into consumer diets. Despite negative information often being associated with genetic engineering, evidence suggests that consumers react positively to Golden Rice. Thus, it offers policy makers and public health stakeholders a new, powerful option to address micronutrient malnutrition that they can integrate as a cost-effective component in broader nutrition strategies and tailor it to consumers' heterogeneous socio-economic contexts and needs to promote "Golden Diets". For this to happen, the right framing of the pathway from policy to consumption is crucial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans De Steur
- Ghent University, Department of Agricultural Economics, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexander J. Stein
- European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development, 1049 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matty Demont
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Koç E, Karayiğit B. Assessment of Biofortification Approaches Used to Improve Micronutrient-Dense Plants That Are a Sustainable Solution to Combat Hidden Hunger. JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 2022; 22:475-500. [PMID: 34754134 PMCID: PMC8567986 DOI: 10.1007/s42729-021-00663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition causes diseases, immune system disorders, deterioration in physical growth, mental development, and learning capacity worldwide. Micronutrient deficiency, known as hidden hunger, is a serious global problem. Biofortification is a cost-effective and sustainable agricultural strategy for increasing the concentrations or bioavailability of essential elements in the edible parts of plants, minimizing the risks of toxic metals, and thus reducing malnutrition. It has the advantage of delivering micronutrient-dense food crops to a large part of the global population, especially poor populations. Agronomic biofortification and biofertilization, traditional plant breeding, and optimized fertilizer applications are more globally accepted methods today; however, genetic biofortification based on genetic engineering such as increasing or manipulating (such as CRISPR-Cas9) the expression of genes that affect the regulation of metal homeostasis and carrier proteins that serve to increase the micronutrient content for higher nutrient concentration and greater productivity or that affect bioavailability is also seen as a promising high-potential strategy in solving this micronutrient deficiency problem. Data that micronutrients can help strengthen the immune system against the COVID-19 pandemic and other diseases has highlighted the importance of tackling micronutrient deficiencies. In this study, biofortification approaches such as plant breeding, agronomic techniques, microbial fertilization, and some genetic and nanotechnological methods used in the fight against micronutrient deficiency worldwide were compiled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Koç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belgizar Karayiğit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tiozon RJN, Fernie AR, Sreenivasulu N. Meeting human dietary vitamin requirements in the staple rice via strategies of biofortification and post-harvest fortification. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
|
6
|
Dizon F, Josephson A, Raju D. Pathways to better nutrition in South Asia: Evidence on the effects of food and agricultural interventions. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
7
|
Biswas PS, Swamy BPM, Kader MA, Hossain MA, Boncodin R, Samia M, Hassan ML, Wazuddin M, MacKenzie D, Reinke R. Development and Field Evaluation of Near-Isogenic Lines of GR2-EBRRI dhan29 Golden Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:619739. [PMID: 33719290 PMCID: PMC7947304 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.619739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency remains a common public health problem among the rice-dependent poor people in the developing countries of Asia. Conventional milled rice does not contain provitamin A (β-carotene) in is edible part (endosperm) and is also deficient in essential minerals, such as iron and zinc. Transgenic Golden Rice event GR2E, which produces β-carotene in its endosperm, was used as a parent to introgress the transgene locus conferring β-carotene biosynthesis into a widely grown rice variety, BRRI dhan29, which covers around 26.1% of the irrigated rice area (4.901 Mha) of Bangladesh in the dry season. The current study reports the introgression process and field performance of GR2E BRRI dhan29 Golden Rice. The background recovery of GR2E BRRI dhan29 lines at BC5F2 generation was more than 98% with a 6K SNP-chip set. The transgenic GR2E BRRI dhan29 yielded 6.2 t/ha to 7.7 t/ha with an average of 7.0 ± 0.38 t/ha, while the non-transgenic BRRI dhan29 yielded 7.0 t/ha under confined field conditions in Bangladesh. Moreover, no significant difference between GR2-E BRRI dhan29 Golden Rice and non-transgenic BRRI dhan29 in any measured trait was observed in the multi-location trials conducted at five locations across the country. Furthermore, the appearance of cooked and uncooked rice was similar to that of BRRI dhan29 except for the yellow color indicating the presence of carotenoids. Total carotenoid content in the selected introgression lines ranged from 8.5 to 12.5 μg/g with an average of 10.6 ± 1.16 μg/g. This amount is sufficient to deliver approximately 66 and 80% of the recommended daily intake of vitamin A for children and women, respectively, assuming complete substitution of white rice in the diet with Golden Rice. However, the lead selected line(s) need further evaluation at open field conditions before deciding for commercial cultivation. A large-scale feeding trial among the malnourished community with this newly developed GR2-E BRRI dhan29 Golden Rice is also required to validate its efficacy in alleviating vitamin A deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Partha S. Biswas
- Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Abdul Kader
- Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Alamgir Hossain
- Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Raul Boncodin
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Mercy Samia
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Md. Lutful Hassan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - M. Wazuddin
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Donald MacKenzie
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Russell Reinke
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiménez-Escobar M, Pascual-Pineda L, Vernon-Carter E, Beristain C. Enhanced β-carotene encapsulation and protection in self-assembled lyotropic liquid crystal structures. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
9
|
Ford JL, Lopez-Teros V. Prediction of Vitamin A Stores in Young Children Provides Insights into the Adequacy of Current Dietary Reference Intakes. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa119. [PMID: 32818165 PMCID: PMC7419538 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data were available in infants and children when vitamin A (VA) DRIs were established; recommendations were developed based on average breast milk VA intake and extrapolation of data from adults. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to evaluate whether DRIs and reported intakes, with and without VA from intervention programs, would be sufficient to develop adequate VA stores from birth to age 5 y in Bangladeshi, Filipino, Guatemalan, and Mexican children. METHODS A mathematical relationship was established, defined by a series of equations, to predict VA total body stores (TBS) as a function of age based on VA intake and utilization. TBS calculated using reported VA intakes, with and without additional VA from intervention programs, were compared to those predicted using DRIs (specifically, Adequate Intake and RDA). Liver VA concentrations were also estimated. RESULTS Our predictions showed that for these 4 groups, DRIs were sufficient to attain liver VA concentrations >0.07 μmol/g by 1 wk of age and sustain positive VA balance for 5 y. Using reported intakes, which were lowest in Bangladeshis from 1 y on and highest in Guatemalans, predicted VA stores in Bangladeshi and Filipino children increased until ∼2-3 y, then TBS stabilized and liver VA concentrations decreased with age. When VA interventions were included, stores exceeded those predicted using DRIs by 12-18 mo. In contrast, reported intakes alone in Guatemalan and Mexican children resulted in VA stores that surpassed those calculated using DRIs. For all populations, reported intakes were sufficient to build liver concentrations >0.07 μmol/g by 3 mo. CONCLUSIONS Although more information is needed to better define dietary VA requirements in children, our results suggest that for an average, generally healthy child in a low- or middle-income country, current DRIs are sufficient to maintain positive VA balance during the first 5 y of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lynn Ford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Veronica Lopez-Teros
- Posgrado en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Barman K, Chowdhury D, Baruah PK. Development of β‐carotene loaded nanoemulsion using the industrial waste of orange (Citrus reticulate) peel to improve in vitro bioaccessibility of carotenoids and use as natural food colorant. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Barman
- Department of Applied Sciences GUIST, Gauhati University Assam India
| | - Devasish Chowdhury
- Material Nanochemistry Laboratory Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Assam India
| | - Pranjal K. Baruah
- Department of Applied Sciences GUIST, Gauhati University Assam India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Suganya A, Deb D, Pradeep T. Spatial distribution mapping of molecules in the grains of different rice landraces, using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:727-736. [PMID: 30699243 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Documentation of the metabolite profiles of rice landraces is essential as most of them have been lost due to the conventional practices of cultivation. Therefore, application of mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) will be an appropriate analytical platform for molecular profiling, as it can provide a detailed understanding of the site-specific localization patterns of biomolecules, and the cues concerning metabolic pathways in organisms. METHODS Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is a relatively non-destructive analytical technique for surface sampling in natural conditions. Here, we report the spatial distribution of diverse molecules in the grains of different rice landraces of India using DESI-MSI. Molecules were identified by ESI-MS and tandem MS analysis of rice extracts. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used for the elemental mapping on the rice grains. RESULTS DESI-MSI showed a uniform distribution of choline (m/z 104.1), sucrose in the form of its sodium (m/z 365.1) and potassium (m/z 381.0) adducts, linoleic acid (m/z 279.2), 13-HODE-9-HODE (m/z 295.2), unidentified molecules with m/z 535.3, 559.5, and 561.5 and isoschaftoside (m/z 563.1) in the endosperm of rice grains. Gluconic acid (m/z 195.0) and signalling phospholipid intermediate molecules were localized in the embryo whereas oryzanol A (m/z 601.5) and oryzanol C (m/z 615.5) had a restricted localization in the bran region of the grain. SEM-EDS mapping showed the localization of potassium and phosphorus along the bran and embryo. CONCLUSIONS DESI-MSI revealed the distribution of lipids and sugar molecules in the specific regions of the rice grains. Thus, molecules unique to some rice varieties were identified with this analytical platform. Mass spectrometry imaging of rice along with the elemental mapping by SEM-EDS will be of use in understanding the localization pattern of certain molecules in the context of metals present in the grain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunan Suganya
- DST Unit of Nanoscience, and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
| | - Debal Deb
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700 123, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience, and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Strobbe S, De Lepeleire J, Van Der Straeten D. From in planta Function to Vitamin-Rich Food Crops: The ACE of Biofortification. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1862. [PMID: 30619424 PMCID: PMC6305313 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Humans are highly dependent on plants to reach their dietary requirements, as plant products contribute both to energy and essential nutrients. For many decades, plant breeders have been able to gradually increase yields of several staple crops, thereby alleviating nutritional needs with varying degrees of success. However, many staple crops such as rice, wheat and corn, although delivering sufficient calories, fail to satisfy micronutrient demands, causing the so called 'hidden hunger.' Biofortification, the process of augmenting nutritional quality of food through the use of agricultural methodologies, is a pivotal asset in the fight against micronutrient malnutrition, mainly due to vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Several technical advances have led to recent breakthroughs. Nutritional genomics has come to fruition based on marker-assisted breeding enabling rapid identification of micronutrient related quantitative trait loci (QTL) in the germplasm of interest. As a complement to these breeding techniques, metabolic engineering approaches, relying on a continuously growing fundamental knowledge of plant metabolism, are able to overcome some of the inevitable pitfalls of breeding. Alteration of micronutrient levels does also require fundamental knowledge about their role and influence on plant growth and development. This review focuses on our knowledge about provitamin A (beta-carotene), vitamin C (ascorbate) and the vitamin E group (tocochromanols). We begin by providing an overview of the functions of these vitamins in planta, followed by highlighting some of the achievements in the nutritional enhancement of food crops via conventional breeding and genetic modification, concluding with an evaluation of the need for such biofortification interventions. The review further elaborates on the vast potential of creating nutritionally enhanced crops through multi-pathway engineering and the synergistic potential of conventional breeding in combination with genetic engineering, including the impact of novel genome editing technologies.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lividini K, Fiedler JL, De Moura FF, Moursi M, Zeller M. Biofortification: A review of ex-ante models. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
14
|
Yao D, Wang Y, Li Q, Ouyang X, Li Y, Wang C, Ding L, Hou L, Luo M, Xiao Y. Specific Upregulation of a Cotton Phytoene Synthase Gene Produces Golden Cottonseeds with Enhanced Provitamin A. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1348. [PMID: 29358599 PMCID: PMC5778082 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Provitamin A (PVA) bio-fortification of crops offers a sustainable strategy to prevent the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD), one of the world’s major public health problems. The present work aimed to enhance PVA accumulation in cottonseed, the main by-product in the production of cotton fibers and the third largest source of edible plant oil in the world. On the basis of comprehensive identification of carotenoid synthase genes and their expression levels in various cotton tissues, we selected phytoene synthase as the target for manipulating carotenoid biosynthesis in the developing cottonseeds. After functional verification in transgenic tobacco, a cotton phytoene synthase gene (GhPSY2D) driven by a seed-specific promoter was transformed into cotton. The transgenic cottonseeds showed golden appearance and contained over 6-fold higher carotenoid contents in the extracted oil than the non-transgenic control. Thin layer chromatograph analysis indicated that the main PVA carotenoid β-carotene was predominant in the transgenic cottonseeds, but undetectable in the wild-type control. By simultaneously providing economically valuable fibers and edible oils, the transgenic cottons bio-fortified with β-carotene in seeds may be a new powerful tool against VAD in low-income regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yao
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qian Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xufen Ouyang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yaohua Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chuannan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lingli Ding
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuehua Xiao
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fan Y, Gao L, Yi J, Zhang Y, Yokoyama W. Development of β-Carotene-Loaded Organogel-Based Nanoemulsion with Improved In Vitro and In Vivo Bioaccessibility. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6188-6194. [PMID: 28696684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
β-Carotene (BC), a naturally occurring lipophilic carotenoid, is beneficial for human health. However, its water solubility and bioavailability are low. In this study, organogel-based nanoemulsion was successfully prepared to improve the loading amount, solubility, and bioavailability of BC. Corn oil was selected as the oil phase for the organogel as a result of the greatest release amount of BC. Tween 20 was optimized as the emulsifier based on the highest extent of lipolysis and BC bioaccessibility. The nanoemulsion was a better alternative than the organogel according to both the extent of lipolysis and BC bioaccessibility. Cellular uptake of BC was significantly improved through organogel-based nanoemulsion compared to BC suspension. Caveolae-/lipid-raft-mediated route was the main endocytosis pathway. Pharmacokinetic results confirmed that the in vivo bioavailability of BC in nanoemulsion was 11.5-fold higher than that of BC oil. The information obtained suggested that organogel-based nanoemulsion may be an effective encapsulation system for delivery of insoluble and indigestible bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Fan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyu Gao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Yi
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhu Zhang
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) , Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Wallace Yokoyama
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) , Albany, California 94710, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Singh SP, Gruissem W, Bhullar NK. Single genetic locus improvement of iron, zinc and β-carotene content in rice grains. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6883. [PMID: 28761150 PMCID: PMC5537418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly half of the world's population obtains its daily calories from rice grains, which lack or have insufficient levels of essential micronutrients. The deficiency of micronutrients vital for normal growth is a global health problem, and iron, zinc and vitamin A deficiencies are the most prevalent ones. We developed rice lines expressing Arabidopsis NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE 1 (AtNAS1), bean FERRITIN (PvFERRITIN), bacterial CAROTENE DESATURASE (CRTI) and maize PHYTOENE SYNTHASE (ZmPSY) in a single genetic locus in order to increase iron, zinc and β-carotene content in the rice endosperm. NAS catalyzes the synthesis of nicotianamine (NA), which is a precursor of deoxymugeneic acid (DMA) iron and zinc chelators, and also chelate iron and zinc for long distance transport. FERRITIN provides efficient storage of up to 4500 iron ions. PSY catalyzes the conversion of GGDP to phytoene, and CRTI performs the function of desaturases required for the synthesis of β-carotene from phytoene. All transgenic rice lines have significantly increased β-carotene, iron, and zinc content in the polished rice grains. Our results establish a proof-of-concept for multi-nutrient enrichment of rice grains from a single genetic locus, thus offering a sustainable and effective approach to address different micronutrient deficiencies at once.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simrat Pal Singh
- Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wilhelm Gruissem
- Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Navreet K Bhullar
- Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
De Steur H, Mehta S, Gellynck X, Finkelstein JL. GM biofortified crops: potential effects on targeting the micronutrient intake gap in human populations. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 44:181-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
18
|
De Steur H, Demont M, Gellynck X, Stein AJ. The social and economic impact of biofortification through genetic modification. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 44:161-168. [PMID: 28231514 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Genetic modification (GM) has been advocated as an alternative or complement to micronutrient interventions such as supplementation, fortification or dietary diversification. While proof-of-concept of various GM biofortified crops looks promising, the decision tree of policy makers is much more complex, and requires insight on their socio-economic impacts: Will it actually work? Is it financially sound? Will people accept it? Can it be implemented in a globalized world? This review shows that GM biofortification could effectively reduce the burden of micronutrient deficiencies, in an economically viable way, and is generally well received by target beneficiaries, despite some resistance and uncertainty. Practically, however, protectionist and/or unscientific regulations in some developed countries raise the (perceived) bar for implementation in target countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans De Steur
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matty Demont
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines.
| | - Xavier Gellynck
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
De Steur H, Wesana J, Blancquaert D, Van Der Straeten D, Gellynck X. Methods matter: a meta-regression on the determinants of willingness-to-pay studies on biofortified foods. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1390:34-46. [PMID: 28253442 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Following the growing evidence on biofortification as a cost-effective micronutrient strategy, various researchers have elicited consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for biofortified crops in an effort to justify and determine their adoption. This review presents a meta-analysis of WTP studies on biofortified foods, either developed through conventional breeding or using genetic modification technology. On the basis of 122 estimates from 23 studies (9507 respondents), consumers are generally willing to pay 21.3% more for biofortified crops. Because WTP estimates are often determined through different valuation methods and procedures, a meta-regression was carried out to examine the role of potential determinants. Aside from contextual factors, such as type of food crop, target nutrient, and region (but not breeding technique), various methodological factors significantly influence premiums, including the type of respondent, nature of the study, study environment, participation fee, and provided information. The findings allow researchers to better anticipate potential methodological biases when examining WTP for (biofortified) foods, while it gives policy makers a broad understanding of the potential demand for different biofortified crops in various settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans De Steur
- Faculty of Biosciences Engineering, Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joshua Wesana
- Faculty of Biosciences Engineering, Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Mountains of the Moon University, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Dieter Blancquaert
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Physiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Xavier Gellynck
- Faculty of Biosciences Engineering, Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|