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Peskin A, Barth A, Mansoor E, Farias A, Rothenberg WA, Garcia D, Jent J. Impact of parent child interaction therapy on child eating behaviors. Appetite 2024; 200:107544. [PMID: 38850640 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Picky eating commonly co-occurs with disruptive behaviors in young children. While feeding interventions exist, it remains unknown whether unmodified behavioral parent training (BPT) improves maladaptive child eating. As coercive feeding practices may exacerbate picky eating, BPT could ameliorate associated behaviors by increasing authoritative parenting. METHODS Caregiver-child dyads (N = 194, ages 2-8) received 18 weeks of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT). Caregivers completed the Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment Scale (BPFAS) at pre-, mid-, and post-treatment. The BPFAS overall picky eating frequency and number of problems was examined, as well as the subscale of mealtime misbehaviors, and overall caregiver feeding practices. RESULTS From pre-to post-treatment, reductions occurred in frequency/problems scales across overall BPFAS child behaviors. Mealtime misbehaviors significantly declined at all checkpoints - early skill acquisition may drive this early change, whereas changes in frequency/problem scales occurred after mid-treatment, suggesting later skill acquisition may be driving these changes. On the coercive caregiver feeding subscale, multivariate regression identified a significant race by time interaction (p = .02) - multiracial caregivers improved while others showed no difference. CONCLUSION Standard PCIT, not adapted for feeding concerns, decreased maladaptive child eating behaviors across all caregivers and coercive feeding practices in multiracial caregivers. Authoritative parenting principles may generalize to eating contexts for certain cultural groups. PCIT shows promise as an early upstream intervention potentially changing trajectories without needed feeding content modifications. Assessment of long-term maintenance is warranted. Coupling with nutrition education could optimize impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Peskin
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Mailman Center for Child Development, 1601 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Alex Barth
- University of California San Diego, USA.
| | - Elana Mansoor
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Mailman Center for Child Development, USA.
| | - Alina Farias
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Mailman Center for Child Development, USA.
| | - W Andrew Rothenberg
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Mailman Center for Child Development, USA.
| | - Dainelys Garcia
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Mailman Center for Child Development, USA.
| | - Jason Jent
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Mailman Center for Child Development, USA.
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Sleiman R, Abdelkader W, AlTannir D. Assessing the Body Composition of "Picky Eaters" Using Body Impedance Analysis: An Experience From a Tertiary Care Center. Cureus 2024; 16:e60538. [PMID: 38887328 PMCID: PMC11181006 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Picky eating might be associated with a higher risk of being underweight and poor growth. This study aimed to investigate if picky eaters aged between three and 12 years showed differences in height, weight, and body composition compared to their non-picky peers using a body impedance analysis (BIA). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted between March 1, 2022, and July 31, 2022, on children aged three to 12 years who presented to the outpatient pediatric clinics at Al Habib Ar Rayyan in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Body composition was measured using BIA after manually inserting the height, gender, and age into the machine, where body mass index (BMI), fat mass, and skeletal muscle mass were recorded. Participants were classified as under/normal/over for each body composition measurement. RESULTS A total of 2234 children were entered into the final data analysis. Our analysis showed that 1917 (85.8%) were Saudis and 1117 (50%) were males. The mean age of participants was 6.08±2.01 years and 1151 (51.5%) were in the pre-school age. The reported prevalence of picky eaters was 1684 (75.4%), of whom, 606 (27.0%) were selective eaters, 365 (16.2%) were low appetite eaters, and 723 (32.2%) were both selective and low appetite eaters. Being underweight was significantly more common among the picky eaters 487 (28.9%) compared to those non-picky eaters 55 (10.0%) (p<0.001). Significantly, 1280 (76%) picky eaters had below-average skeletal muscle mass compared to 151 non-picky eaters (27.5%) (p<0.001). The low appetite picky eater group had more under skeletal muscle mass children 277 (75.9%) compared to the selective picky eater group 412 (68.0%) (p=0.009). Additionally, the low appetite group possessed lower muscle ratios (p=0.012) and were more underweight than the selective group (p<0.001). Furthermore, the low appetite group showed a higher percentage of children below the 3rd percentile in the height for age category (p=0.003) compared to the selective group. CONCLUSION This study is the first of its kind in Saudi and globally to evaluate body composition using BIA among children. The study showed that picky eating is more associated with underweight children and low muscular mass. Despite the normal BMI, height, and weight of a picky eater, their skeletal muscle mass might be less than average, which could be associated with an increased risk of morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola Sleiman
- Pediatrics, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Dana AlTannir
- Pediatric Medicine, Alfaisal University College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
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Winograd D, Goldschmidt AB, Lydecker J. Associations among parents' internalized weight bias, negative child-focused body talk, and feeding behaviors. Eat Behav 2024; 52:101848. [PMID: 38308903 PMCID: PMC10922654 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parents' negative body talk about children (negative weight/shape comments) and internalized weight bias (application of negative weight-based stereotypes to oneself) are associated with children's maladaptive eating behaviors, but mechanisms are poorly understood. Conceptually, parental behaviors and attitudes may translate to implicit and explicit concerns about their child's weight and influence parents' feeding practices. These associations are underexplored in the literature. METHOD 242 parents (59.4% mothers) completed a one-time assessment that included measures of internalized weight bias, negative body talk, and feeding practices. Parents also completed assessments about one of their children, of any weight status (age range 5-15 years; 40% daughters). RESULTS Parents' internalized weight bias was positively associated with concern about their child's weight and restriction of their child's diet. Parents' negative body talk towards their child was positively associated with concern about their child's weight and shape, restriction of their child's diet, and monitoring of their child's diet. Relative to internalized weight-bias, negative body talk had a stronger correlation with parents' concern about child weight and monitoring of child's diet. Correlations did not vary by child gender or weight category. DISCUSSION Parents' internalized weight bias and negative body talk about their child were associated with their feeding practices across child gender and weight categories, with correlations in the small to medium range. Thus, children of all genders and weights may be vulnerable to enacted weight bias. Future studies should examine whether addressing parents' internalized weight bias and communication in family-focused interventions improves feeding practices and child well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayna Winograd
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrea B Goldschmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Janet Lydecker
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Pereboom J, Thijs C, Eussen S, Mommers M, Gubbels JS. Association of picky eating around age 4 with dietary intake and weight status in early adulthood: A 14-year follow-up based on the KOALA birth cohort study. Appetite 2023; 188:106762. [PMID: 37385471 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A relatively common deviant type of eating behaviour among children is picky eating. Research on associations between picky eating and dietary patterns later in life is limited, and studies examining long-term effects on growth have yielded mixed results. The present study aimed to examine longitudinal associations of picky eating in early childhood with consumption of various foods, and weight status (body mass index, BMI) in young adulthood. METHODS Data from the Dutch KOALA Birth Cohort was used. Picky eating was determined around age 4 (range 3-6 years) by a questionnaire completed by parents. At follow-up around children's age 18 (range 17-20 years), weekly food intake frequencies, weight and height were assessed with a questionnaire completed by the grown-up young adult children. In total, 814 participants were included. Multiple regression analyses were performed for food intake frequencies and weight status (BMI) with picky eating score as predictor, controlling for parental and child covariates. RESULTS The mean picky eating score at age 4-5 was 2.24 (range 1-5). A 1-point higher picky eating score was associated with eating fruit 0.14 days less per week, raw vegetables 0.14 days less per week, cooked vegetables 0.21 days less per week, fish 0.07 days less per week and dairy products 0.23 days less per week (P-values all <0.05). Associations between picky eating and intake frequencies of meat, eggs, various snacks, sweet drinks, and weight status (BMI) were not significant. CONCLUSION Picky eating in childhood is associated with lower intake frequencies of various healthy foods among young adults. It is therefore recommended to pay sufficient attention to picky eating in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josine Pereboom
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Carel Thijs
- Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Eussen
- Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Monique Mommers
- Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica S Gubbels
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Garcia-Iborra M, Castanys-Munoz E, Oliveros E, Ramirez M. Optimal Protein Intake in Healthy Children and Adolescents: Evaluating Current Evidence. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071683. [PMID: 37049523 PMCID: PMC10097334 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
High protein intake might elicit beneficial or detrimental effects, depending on life stages and populations. While high protein intake in elder individuals can promote beneficial health effects, elevated protein intakes in infancy are discouraged, since they have been associated with obesity risks later in life. However, in children and adolescents (4–18 years), there is a scarcity of data assessing the effects of high protein intake later in life, despite protein intake being usually two- to three-fold higher than the recommendations in developed countries. This narrative review aimed to revise the available evidence on the long-term effects of protein intake in children and adolescents aged 4–18 years. Additionally, it discusses emerging techniques to assess protein metabolism in children, which suggest a need to reevaluate current recommendations. While the optimal range is yet to be firmly established, available evidence suggests a link between high protein intake and increased Body Mass Index (BMI), which might be driven by an increase in Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI), as opposed to Fat Mass Index (FMI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Garcia-Iborra
- Abbott Nutrition R & D, Granada University Science Park, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.G.-I.); (E.C.-M.)
| | - Esther Castanys-Munoz
- Abbott Nutrition R & D, Granada University Science Park, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.G.-I.); (E.C.-M.)
| | - Elena Oliveros
- Abbott Nutrition R & D, Abbott Laboratories, 18004 Granada, Spain;
| | - Maria Ramirez
- Abbott Nutrition R & D, Abbott Laboratories, 18004 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-669127998
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Balantekin KN, Moore AM, Ruggiero CF, Savage JS. A synthesis of early antecedents of eating behavior and weight status in girls: The legacy of girls' NEEDS project. Appetite 2022; 175:106052. [PMID: 35483476 PMCID: PMC9913538 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Dr. Leann Birch, an innovator in the field of children's eating behavior, was the first scientist to synergize the fields of developmental psychology and nutrition science. One of Leann's groundbreaking projects was the Girls' NEEDS Project (GNP), an NIH-funded observational study of the longitudinal development of eating and weight-related behaviors of girls across middle childhood and adolescence. At the time of GNP, obesity prevalence during childhood had roughly doubled during the previous two decades, research interest in dieting had increased as societal expectations of the 'thin ideal' got even thinner, and little was known about how environmental factors such as parenting influenced the development of maladaptive eating and weight-related behaviors. GNP resulted in over 70 publications, covering a range of topics from girls' dietary intake and physical activity to parental influences on girls' eating behavior, thus laying the groundwork for many topics in the obesity, food parenting, and dieting literature today. Therefore, this narrative review aims to summarize and synthesize the literature that resulted from the GNP and provide implications for future work building from this foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine N Balantekin
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA; Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo, 355 Hochstetter Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
| | - Amy M Moore
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Cara F Ruggiero
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jennifer S Savage
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Grulichova M, Kuruczova D, Svancara J, Pikhart H, Bienertova-Vasku J. Association of Picky Eating with Weight and Height—The European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC–CZ). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030444. [PMID: 35276803 PMCID: PMC8839058 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether preschool children identified as picky eaters showed differences in anthropometric characteristics (weight and height) from their non-picky peers at 15 years of age. Design: This study was performed among the cohort members of the EL- SPAC–CZ study, a longitudinal study of pregnancy and childhood. The analysis included 2068 children (997 girls and 1071 boys) followed between births and 15 years of age. Picky eaters were identified at 1.5, 3, and 5 years of age. Anthropometric characteristics were measured at 15 years of age (15 years). Results: Picky eaters (n = 346; 16.7%) had a lower weight and height than non-picky eaters (n = 1722; 83.3%) at 15 years. This difference in weight and height was maintained after controlling for sex of the child, birth weight, birth length, maternal education, family structure at 15 years, and maternal age at childbirth. The picky children were on average 2.3 kg lighter and 0.8 cm shorter than non- picky children at 15 years. Conclusions: Persistent picky eating in preschool children is related to lower weight and height at 15 years of age in ELSPAC–CZ study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Grulichova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (J.S.); (H.P.)
| | - Daniela Kuruczova
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (J.S.); (H.P.)
- Department of Food Technology, Mendel University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Svancara
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (J.S.); (H.P.)
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (J.S.); (H.P.)
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E6BT, UK
| | - Julie Bienertova-Vasku
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (J.S.); (H.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-739-300-485
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Junqueira P, dos Santos DLC, Lebl MCG, de Cesar MFC, dos Santos Amaral CA, Alves TC. Relationship between Anthropometric Parameters and Sensory Processing in Typically Developing Brazilian Children with a Pediatric Feeding Disorder. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072253. [PMID: 34208820 PMCID: PMC8308362 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to relate anthropometric parameters and sensory processing in typically developing Brazilian children diagnosed with a pediatric feeding disorder (PFD). This was a retrospective study of typically developing children with a PFD. Anthropometric data were collected and indices of weight-for-age, length/height-for-age, and body mass index-for-age (BMI-for-age) were analyzed as z-scores. Sensory profile data were collected for auditory, visual, tactile, vestibular, and oral sensory processing. We included 79 medical records of children with a PFD. There were no statistically significant (p > 0.05) relationships between the anthropometric variables (weight-, length/height-, or BMI-for-age) and the sensory variables (auditory, visual, tactile, vestibular, or oral sensory processing). In conclusion, we found no relationship between anthropometric parameters and sensory processing in the sample of typically developing Brazilian children diagnosed with a PFD under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Junqueira
- Children Development Institute, São Paulo 04537-040, Brazil; (D.L.C.d.S.); (M.C.G.L.); (M.F.C.d.C.); (C.A.d.S.A.); (T.C.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Mariana Célia Guerra Lebl
- Children Development Institute, São Paulo 04537-040, Brazil; (D.L.C.d.S.); (M.C.G.L.); (M.F.C.d.C.); (C.A.d.S.A.); (T.C.A.)
| | | | | | - Thais Coelho Alves
- Children Development Institute, São Paulo 04537-040, Brazil; (D.L.C.d.S.); (M.C.G.L.); (M.F.C.d.C.); (C.A.d.S.A.); (T.C.A.)
- Graduate of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Department, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Marília 17525-900, Brazil
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Pearce AL, Brick TR, Masterson T, Adise S, Fearnbach SN, Stein W, English L, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Keller KL. Using association rules mining to characterize loss of control eating in childhood. Appetite 2021; 163:105236. [PMID: 33798619 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Childhood loss of control (LOC)-eating, the perceived inability to stop or control eating, is associated with increased risk for binge-eating disorder and obesity. However, the correlates of LOC-eating in childhood remain unclear. A secondary analysis of 177, 7-12-year-old children from five laboratory feeding studies was performed to investigate potential family (e.g., frequency of meals together, feeding practices), parental (e.g., education, weight status), and child (e.g., weight status, appetite traits) correlates of LOC-eating. Association rules mining (ARM1), a data-driven approach, was used to examine all characteristics that were common across studies to identify which were associated with LOC-eating. Results showed LOC-eating was characterized by a combination of child appetitive behaviors and parental feeding practices. In particular, LOC-eating was associated with low parental pressure to eat in combination with a high propensity to want to eat all the time and frequent refusal or dislike of novel foods. This pattern of both food approach (i.e., wanting to eat all the time) and avoidant behaviors (i.e., food fussiness) highlights the need for more research to characterize the complex patterns of appetitive traits associated with LOC-eating. In contrast, the absence of LOC-eating was associated with a low propensity to want to eat all the time, greater family income, and infrequent emotional overeating. Therefore, propensity to want to eat all the time, a single question from the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire, characterized both the presence and absence of LOC-eating, highlighting the need for more research to determine if this question captures clinically relevant individual differences. Future studies addressing these questions will advance our understanding of pediatric LOC-eating and may lead to interventions to reduce risk for more severe eating disorder symptomology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina L Pearce
- Department of Nutritional Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Timothy R Brick
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Travis Masterson
- Department of Nutritional Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Shana Adise
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, USA
| | | | - Wendy Stein
- Department of Nutritional Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Kathleen L Keller
- Department of Nutritional Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Ren Z, Lan H, Szeto IMY, Yang C, Zhang J, Li P, Li J, Wang P, Zhang Y, Zhao A. Feeding Difficulty Among Chinese Toddlers Aged 1-3 Years and Its Association With Health and Development. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:758176. [PMID: 34888269 PMCID: PMC8650057 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.758176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding problems are biopsychosocial in nature and have a great influence on children's growth. The aim of this study was to profile the status and possible influencing factors of feeding difficulty among normal Chinese toddlers, and to investigate its association with health and development. This study is a part of the Young Investigation (YI study) conducted in 10 cities in China. Data from 924 children aged 1-3 years were analyzed. Data on socio-demographic factors, feeding behaviors, self-reported diseases, and anthropometry parameters were collected. Blood samples were drawn to determine hemoglobin levels. Feeding difficulty was evaluated by the Montreal Children's Hospital Feeding Scale (MCH-FS). Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (ASQ-3) were used to assess developmental progress. Multivariable analyses were performed to explore the potential associations. The mean total score of the MCH-FS was 35.21 ± 12.90 and the highest scored item was "acting up/making a big fuss during mealtimes." Feeding difficulty occurred more often among children with picky eating behavior or whose caregivers once used the strategy of pre-mastication. Children with feeding difficulty had lower intakes of cereals, vegetables, and fruits, and were more likely to suffer from diarrhea (OR, 2.04; 95%CI: 1.32, 3.11) or constipation (OR, 2.04; 95%CI: 1.27, 3.24), but not anemia. Feeding difficulty was also negatively associated with weight, height, head circumference and mid-upper-arm circumference-related Z-scores (P all < 0.05). In addition, it was related to poorer fine motor skills, personal and social skills, and total scores of ASQ-3 (β, -9.00; 95%CI: -15.11, -2.89). Feeding difficulty assessed by MCH-FS showed a negative association with children's health and development, supporting the need for early identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxia Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hanglian Lan
- Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto
- Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Chenlu Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Pin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyu Wang
- Department of Social Science and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ai Zhao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Zohar AH, Pick S, Lev-Ari L, Bachner-Melman R. A longitudinal study of maternal feeding and children's picky eating. Appetite 2020; 154:104804. [PMID: 32693002 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the rate of persistent picky eating (PE) in children 3-8 years of age, and to characterize children with PE and their mothers. From a base sample of 1055 mothers of children 3.4 ± 1.3 years old, we selected those who described their children as picky eaters (PEs; n = 185, 17.5%) for a longitudinal study. 109 PE dyads participated, as well as a matched comparison group of dyads without PE (n = 106). At T1 mothers self-reported on trait anxiety, perfectionism, attachment style; as well as on the child's behavioral problems, their temperament, and their executive function. The participants were re-evaluated twice, at two-year intervals (T2 and T3). At T2 the mothers self-reported on their personality, on their child feeding practices, and reported their child's eating behavior. At T3 the mothers self-reported on their feeding style and the children self-reported on a pictorial frequent food questionnaire. PE persisted throughout T2 and T3 in 22.5% of T1 PE children in the longitudinal study, or in 3.94% of the base sample. The child characteristics that distinguished the PE and non-PE groups at T1 predicted 9-10% of the variance of T3 PE. Maternal feeding practices at T2 contributed 1-2% to the explained variance. It can be concluded that for the overwhelming majority of children, PE is a passing phase. Maternal feeding practices have limited long-term influence on children's PE. Unless PE is persistent and severe, parents would best be advised to relax their feeding efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada H Zohar
- Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, 40250, Israel; The Lior Tsfaty Center for Suicide and Mental Pain Studies, Israel.
| | - Shahar Pick
- Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, 40250, Israel.
| | - Lilac Lev-Ari
- Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, 40250, Israel; The Lior Tsfaty Center for Suicide and Mental Pain Studies, Israel.
| | - Rachel Bachner-Melman
- Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, 40250, Israel; Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, 9190500, Israel.
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Warkentin S, Carnell S, Oliveira A. Leptin at birth and at age 7 in relation to appetitive behaviors at age 7 and age 10. Horm Behav 2020; 126:104842. [PMID: 32841621 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Leptin contributes to the control of food intake and energy balance. However, its association with appetitive behaviors during childhood is not well understood. We aimed to investigate the association between leptin, assessed at birth and at 7 years of age (y), and appetitive behaviors assessed at 7 and 10 y. Children from a Portuguese cohort with assessment of leptin levels at birth from umbilical cord blood (n = 645) and at 7 y from venous blood samples (n = 587), were included. The Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire assessed appetitive behaviors at 7 and 10 y. Weight and height were measured at 7 and 10 y to derive BMI z-scores (BMIz). A series of Generalized Linear Models tested relationships between leptin and appetitive behaviors, adjusting for potential confounders (maternal age, education, pre-pregnancy BMI, smoking during pregnancy, child physical activity and child BMIz), and interaction terms for child sex and child BMIz. At 7 y, 116 boys and 118 girls were classified as having overweight/obesity, and these children had higher leptin levels. Cross-sectional analyses using the 7 y data produced the strongest results. Higher leptin at 7 y was significantly associated with lower scores on Satiety Responsiveness, Food Fussiness and Slowness in Eating, and higher scores on Food Responsiveness, Enjoyment of Food and Emotional Overeating at 7 y. Only the association with Emotional Overeating remained when adjusting for child BMIz. Significant interaction effects between child sex and leptin were found for appetite at 7 y, such that higher leptin was associated with higher Food Responsiveness (p < 0.001) and lower Slowness in Eating (p < 0.001) to a greater extent among boys. Umbilical cord blood leptin was not associated with appetitive behaviors at 7 or 10 y. Our results show that leptin levels are positively associated with food approach and negatively with food avoidant behaviors. Associations were more consistent in cross-sectional analyses (at 7 y), were largely dependent on child weight, and tended to be stronger among boys. Our findings support a role for leptin in affecting appetite, with potential consequences for current weight status and future weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Warkentin
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], Porto, Portugal.
| | - Susan Carnell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Warkentin S, Santos AC, Oliveira A. Associations of appetitive behaviors in 7-year-old children with their cardiometabolic health at 10 years of age. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:810-821. [PMID: 32143895 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis begins early in life, thus optimal cardiovascular health needs to be promoted early. We investigated whether appetitive behaviors among 7 year olds are associated with their cardiometabolic health years later. METHODS AND RESULTS A sample of 2951 children from a Portuguese birth cohort was analyzed. The Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire assessed eating behaviors, and a measure of cardiometabolic risk (higher risk group: those in the upper quartile of triglycerides, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, waist circumference and systolic blood pressure and in the lower quartile of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol z-scores) was created. Linear and logistic regressions were run. Children with more food avoidant behaviors had lower cardiometabolic risk (Satiety Responsiveness - boys: OR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.16; 0.93, girls: OR=0.37, 95% CI 0.17; 0.82 and Slowness in eating - boys: OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.25; 0.95, girls: OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.27; 0.91). Food approach behaviors (Food responsiveness (CEBQ-FR), Enjoyment of food (CEBQ-EF) and Emotional overeating (CEBQ-EOE)) increased cardiometabolic risks (e.g. CEBQ-FR: boys: OR = 2.50, 95% CI 1.45; 4.32, girls: OR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.46; 3.71). CEBQ-EF had stronger effects in boys, while CEBQ-EOE was positively associated with cardiometabolic risk among girls. When adjusting for BMIz at 7y, associations did not remain significant. Appetitive behaviors were also associated with isolated cardiometabolic parameters; the strongest association being with waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS Appetitive behaviors at 7-years are associated with cardiometabolic risk at age 10. While 'food avoidant' behaviors protect against cardiometabolic risk and 'food approach' behaviors increase cardiometabolic risk, these associations are largely dependent of child's adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Warkentin
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Cristina Santos
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Fitriana DM, Pradany RN, Rahmawati A. Correlation of Picky Eating in Children’s Growth: A Systematic Review. JURNAL NERS 2020. [DOI: 10.20473/jn.v14i3.16991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: picky eating is a problem that is now common in children, characterized by not trying or limiting variations in food, especially vegetables and fruit. Picky eating has an important role in the development of children, both physically and emotionally, so that it becomes a concern for the parents.Method: this systematic review aims to explain the correlation of picky eating on a child's growth using PRISMA approach from two database: Scopus and Proquest limited to the last 5 years; from 2015-2019 and obtained 15 articles that selected. Identification of articles using keywords ('picky eating' AND 'children' AND 'weight' or 'growth').Result: according to the findings, it was found nine articles that mentioned picky eating had an effect on growth and six articles mentioned no effect. Limitation of this study is that there are other factors that influence picky eating in selected articles.Conclusion: the most of the result from the studies show the behavior of picky eating in children can affect the growth of both body weight and height, and can also affect nutritional status, emotional status, physical activity and health status. Nurses can provide education about the effects of picky eating behavior on children in parents.
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15
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Taylor CM, Steer CD, Hays NP, Emmett PM. Growth and body composition in children who are picky eaters: a longitudinal view. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 73:869-878. [PMID: 29995831 PMCID: PMC6215483 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Picky eating may be associated with higher risk of being underweight and poor growth over time or conversely, being overweight. Our aim was to investigate if children identified as picky eaters showed differences in height, weight and body composition from their non-picky peers. SUBJECTS/METHODS Picky eaters were identified in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort at 3 years of age. Height and weight were measured on seven occasions (age 7-17 years). Body composition was measured on five occasions by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (age 9-17 years). Participants were classified as thin/normal/overweight or obese at each age point using body mass index (BMI) classifications. Data were analysed with adjusted multiple regression analysis and mixed-design repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS There was a main effect of being a picky child on height and weight (and on BMI and lean mass index (LMI) in boys) (lower in the picky children, all p ≤ 0.044), but not on percentage body fat or fat mass index (and not on BMI and LMI in girls) (all p > 0.2). The mean heights, weights and BMIs of picky eaters were consistently above the 50th centiles of reference growth charts. More than two-thirds of picky eaters were not thin at any age point. However, being a picky eater was predictive of being thin at a few age points. CONCLUSIONS The growth trajectories of children who were picky eaters were reassuring. The prevalence of thinness amongst some picky eaters is notable, suggesting that some children may need specific early identification, intervention and growth surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Taylor
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Colin D Steer
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Pauline M Emmett
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Taylor CM, Hays NP, Emmett PM. Diet at Age 10 and 13 Years in Children Identified as Picky Eaters at Age 3 Years and in Children Who Are Persistent Picky Eaters in A Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:E807. [PMID: 30974806 PMCID: PMC6521015 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Picky eating has been associated with lower intakes of some nutrients and foods during preschool ages but there is little known about the longer-term diet. The aim of this study was to characterise the diets of children aged 10 and 13 years who had been identified as: (1) picky eaters at age 3 years (cross-sectional); and (2) picky eaters at 2-5.5 years old (longitudinal). Picky eating behaviour (PE) was identified in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) from parental/caregiver questionnaires. Dietary intake was assessed at age 3.5 years and repeated at 10 and 13 years. For cross-sectional PE compared with non-PE there were differences at age 10 years that were similar to those at 3.5 years: lower intakes of protein (-5%) and fibre (-7%) and of meat (-15%), fruit (-10%) and vegetables (-33%). At 13 years, differences in vegetable (-23%), fruit (-14%) and meat (-8%) intakes were evident. For longitudinal (persistent) PE, differences were more pronounced at each age. More effective strategies to help parents to widen the food choices of their children at early ages need to be developed, focusing particularly on vegetable and fruit intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Taylor
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1NU, UK.
| | - Nicholas P Hays
- Nestlé Product Technology Center-Nutrition, La Tour-de-Peilz, 1800 Vevey, Switzerland.
| | - Pauline M Emmett
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1NU, UK.
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A Narrative Review of Childhood Picky Eating and Its Relationship to Food Intakes, Nutritional Status, and Growth. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121992. [PMID: 30558328 PMCID: PMC6316224 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A main characteristic of children perceived as picky eaters is their tendency to avoid certain foods or food groups. The goal of this narrative review is to provide an overview of published studies that have examined whether picky eating in childhood is in fact associated with measurable differences in food and/or nutrient intakes and growth. While picky eaters appear to consume less vegetables compared to non-picky eaters, no consistent differences were observed for the intakes of other food groups or the intakes of energy, macronutrients and dietary fiber. Although, in some studies, picky eaters had lower intakes of certain vitamins and minerals, the levels consumed generally exceeded the recommended values, suggesting nutritional requirements are being met. No consistent relationship between childhood picky eating and growth status was observed, although significant differences in body weight/growth between picky and non-picky eaters were most discernible in studies where multiple defining criteria were used to identify picky eating. The research area would benefit from the adoption of a uniform definition of picky eating. More longitudinal assessments are also required to understand the long-term impact of picky eating on nutritional status and growth.
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18
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Balantekin KN, Hohman EE, Adams EL, Marini ME, Ventura AK, Birch LL, Savage JS. More rapid increase in BMI from age 5-15 is associated with elevated weight status at age 24 among non-Hispanic white females. Eat Behav 2018; 31:12-17. [PMID: 30053676 PMCID: PMC6226326 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rapidly increasing BMI trajectory throughout childhood is associated with negative health outcomes in adulthood such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The purpose of the current study was to assess whether BMI trajectories from age 5-15 predicted changes in weight and BMI from adolescence to adulthood, and dieting-related behaviors in young adulthood. METHODS Non-Hispanic White female participants from Early Dieting in Girls (n = 182), a longitudinal cohort study, were followed from age 5 to 15 and completed a follow-up survey at age 24. Participants were classified by age 5-15 BMI trajectory groups: UPC, accelerated weight gain from age 5-9; DDPC, accelerated weight gain from 5 to 9 followed by a decrease; 60PT, weight tracked along 60th percentile; 50PT, weight tracked along 50th percentile. Data at age 24 included self-reported weight, height, dietary restraint, disinhibition, and dieting. RESULTS Majority of participants (80.8%) completed the follow-up survey; of these participants, 60% in UPC group had obesity at age 24, compared to <10% in the other 3 groups. Participants in the UPC group had greater increases in BMI since age 15, compared to the 50PT group, and trend-level greater weight increases than those in the DDPC and 60PT groups. Dietary restraint, but not disinhibition, differed across the groups. CONCLUSIONS Children with accelerated weight gain continued to have the greatest weight gain from adolescence to adulthood and the highest prevalence of obesity in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine N. Balantekin
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, 12 Sherman Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States,Corresponding Author: Katherine N. Balantekin, University at Buffalo, 12 Sherman Hall, Buffalo, NY 14212, , Phone: 716-829-5578
| | - Emily E. Hohman
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Elizabeth L. Adams
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, United States,Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Michele E. Marini
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Alison K. Ventura
- Department of Kinesiology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, United States
| | - Leann L. Birch
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Jennifer S. Savage
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, United States,Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, United States
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Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo establish the factors that determine food fussiness, to explore if child age determines the extent to which these factors influence food fussiness and to identify whether parental neophobia is an independent determinant of food fussiness.DesignCross-sectional data from the National Children’s Food Survey (2003–2004). The Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) assessed eating behaviours in children. The Food Neophobia Scale (FNS) assessed parental food neophobia. Young children were classified as 5–8 years old with older children classified as 9–12 years old.SettingRepublic of Ireland.ParticipantsNationally representative sample of Irish children aged 5–12 years (n 594).ResultsParents identifying child’s food preferences as a barrier to providing their child with a healthy diet was significantly associated with increased food fussiness in younger (P<0·001) and older children (P<0·001). Higher levels of parental neophobia were significantly associated with an increase in food fussiness in younger (P<0·05) and older (P<0·001) children. Food advertising as a barrier to providing a healthy diet was inversely associated with food fussiness in younger children (P<0·05). In older children, there was a significant inverse association between child’s BMI and food fussiness (P<0·05), but not to the extent that a difference in weight status was noted. Family mealtimes in older children were associated with significantly lower levels of food fussiness (P<0·05).ConclusionsFindings from the present study identify that a child’s age does determine the extent to which certain factors influence food fussiness and that parental neophobia is an independent determinant of food fussiness.
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Abstract
Picky eating is a common behaviour in early childhood. There is neither a universally accepted definition of picky eating, nor is there agreement on the best tool to identify it. Causes of picky eating include early feeding difficulties, late introduction of lumpy foods at weaning, pressure to eat and early choosiness, especially if the mother is worried by this; protective factors include the provision of fresh foods and eating the same meal as the child. The consequences for the child's diet include poor dietary variety and a possible distortion of nutrient intakes, with low intakes of iron and zinc (associated with low intakes of meat, and fruit and vegetables) being of particular concern. Low intakes of dietary fibre, as a result of low intakes of fruit and vegetables, are associated with constipation in picky eaters. There may be developmental difficulties in some children with persistent picky eating. There is little evidence, however, for a consistent effect of being a picky eater on growth trajectories. There may be a small subgroup of children in whom picky eating does not resolve who might be at risk of thinness during adolescence, or of developing an eating disorder or adult picky eating: these children need to be identified at an early age to enable support, monitoring and advice to be offered to parents. Strategies for avoiding or ameliorating picky eating include repeated exposures to unfamiliar foods, parental modelling of eating fruit and vegetables and unfamiliar foods, and the creation of positive social experiences around mealtimes.
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Friends and Family: How African-American Adolescents' Perceptions of Dietary Beliefs and Behaviors of Others Relate to Diet Quality. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018; 118:2302-2310. [PMID: 30337186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents' dietary intake often fails to meet national dietary guidelines, especially among low-income African-American youth. The dietary habits established in adolescence are likely to continue into adulthood, and a poor-quality diet increases the risk of developing obesity and chronic disease. Based on principles from ecological and social-cognitive behavior change health theories, perceptions of parental beliefs about healthy eating, perceptions of peer eating behaviors, and parental monitoring of what adolescents eat may positively influence adolescent diet quality. OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were to determine whether perceived parental beliefs about nutrition, perceived peer eating behaviors, and reported parental monitoring of the adolescent diet were related to African-American adolescent diet quality and whether these relationships were moderated by adolescent age or sex. DESIGN This secondary cross-sectional study used baseline data (2002 to 2004) from an urban community sample of low-income adolescents participating in a health promotion trial. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Participants were 216 African-American adolescent-caregiver dyads in Baltimore, MD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The 2010 Healthy Eating Index was used to estimate adolescent diet quality. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Analyses included correlations, t tests, age- and sex-by-perception regression interactions, and multivariate regressions adjusted for body mass index-for-age percentile, caregiver weight status, and caregiver depressive symptoms. RESULTS Higher diet quality scores were related to higher levels of perceived parental and peer support for healthy eating behaviors among adolescents (β=.21; P<0.05; β=.15; P<0.05, respectively) and to caregiver reports of parental monitoring of adolescent dietary behavior (β=1.38, P<0.01). Findings were not moderated by age or sex. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with ecological and social-cognitive theories, adolescents look to their friends and family in making healthy food choices. The relationships uncovered by this study describe some of the contextual, interpersonal influences associated with diet quality among low-income, urban African-American adolescents and warrant further exploration in future intervention studies.
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Cole NC, Musaad SM, Lee SY, Donovan SM. Home feeding environment and picky eating behavior in preschool-aged children: A prospective analysis. Eat Behav 2018; 30:76-82. [PMID: 29894927 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Picky eating is prevalent in young children and is associated with poor dietary quality and nutrient deficiencies. Identifying predictors of picky eating could inform the development of anticipatory feeding guidance for parents and caregivers of young children. This study identified the association between factors of the home feeding environment with picky eating behavior in a cohort of preschool-aged children. METHODS Parents of preschool-aged children (n = 497) completed questionnaires including measures of the home feeding environment (i.e., television during mealtime, family mealtime routines, and feeding practices) and child picky eating behavior. The questionnaire was repeated one year later, in which 326 parent-child dyads participated. Logistic regression was used to determine the cross-sectional and prospective associations between home feeding environment measures and child picky eating behavior outcomes. RESULTS Child control over feeding and watching television during mealtime were associated with higher odds of picky eating behavior in both cross-sectional and prospective analyses. A higher sense of positive climate during family meals and mealtime ritualization was associated with lower odds of picky eating behavior one year later. CONCLUSION The home feeding environment plays a role in the development of young children's picky eating behavior. Avoiding the television and maintaining parent control of food choices during mealtimes could lead to improvements in children's food preferences and dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Chong Cole
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Salma M Musaad
- Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Soo-Yeun Lee
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Sharon M Donovan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Development of a tool to measure the number of foods and beverages consumed by children using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) FFQ data. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:1486-1494. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980017004098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveThere is currently no standard, objective definition of selective eating. This is partially because normative values for the number of different foods eaten by US children have not been established. The present study objectives were to: (i) perform exploratory analysis on the number of different foods, beverages, and total foods and beverages consumed by US children aged 2–18 years over a year’s time, and the types of foods consumed by those in the lowest 2·5th percentile; and (ii) determine whether those values differ according to demographic variables and weight status.DesignSecondary analysis of cross-sectional FFQ data. Differences in number of foods, beverages, and total foods and beverages were analysed using one-way ANOVA.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the years 2003–2006.SubjectsNon-institutionalized US children aged 2–18 years.ResultsThe mean number of different foods and beverages consumed across the sample was 83·2. There were no significant differences by gender, BMI, race or food security categories. There was a difference in beverage consumption by age category, with children aged 12–18 years consuming a significantly higher number of different beverages compared with each of the other two age categories (i.e. 2–5 years and 6–11 years).ConclusionsNormative values for the number of foods and drinks reported as consumed by children over the past 12 months may be a useful measure for researchers. Future research validating this measure is needed before cut-off values can be used to develop a definition of selective eating.
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Galloway AT, Watson P, Pitama S, Farrow CV. Socioeconomic Position and Picky Eating Behavior Predict Disparate Weight Trajectories in Infancy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:528. [PMID: 30279678 PMCID: PMC6154220 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Infant weight gain has long-term implications for the establishment of overall health. We examined whether socioeconomic position (SEP), the use of pressure as a feeding practice, and picky eating relate to changes infant in weight-for-length (WFL). A modified developmental design was used to examine whether current levels of child picky eating, parental use of pressure, and SEP were associated with changes in WFL during infancy. Health providers distributed survey packets during routine well-child visits made in the homes of families with young children in New Zealand (n = 193). Primary caregivers of young children provided their child's current level of picky eating, their use of pressure, and their SEP. They also reported their child's professionally-measured WFL from birth, 8, 15, and 21 months of age. A multi-level modeling analysis yielded an interaction between SEP and picky eating in predicting infant weight change over time. Children who had a low SEP and were not picky eaters were on the highest WFL trajectory and children who had a low SEP and were picky eaters were lowest on the WFL trajectory. A main effect revealed that higher levels of parental pressure predicted lower WFL in infants at each age, but did not interact with SEP or picky eating. Findings from this study indicate that the combination of eating behavior and SEP are associated with differential infant growth patterns. These results suggest that eating behavior and SEP should be included in the development of interventions designed to achieve healthy weight during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy T Galloway
- Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, United States
- Ara Institute of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Paul Watson
- Ara Institute of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Royal New Zealand Plunket Trust, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Suzanne Pitama
- Māori/Indigenous Health Institute, Otago University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Claire V Farrow
- Department of Psychology, School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Gibson EL, Cooke L. Understanding Food Fussiness and Its Implications for Food Choice, Health, Weight and Interventions in Young Children: The Impact of Professor Jane Wardle. Curr Obes Rep 2017; 6:46-56. [PMID: 28205158 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-017-0248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review examines the concepts of fussy eating and food neophobia in the context of key determinants of the development of children's food preferences. We discuss the evidence for genetic versus parental and other environmental influences on the ontogeny of these behavioural traits and the implications of current knowledge for interventions that attempt to lessen the impact of these traits on children's diets. Finally, we consider whether these traits increase the risk of a child becoming obese, or alternatively, underweight and malnourished. RECENT FINDINGS Fussy eating and neophobia are related concepts with both genetic and environmental aetiologies. Parent-child correlations and heritability estimates are moderate to high for both traits, but aspects of the family environment remain influential in young children, although no longer in young adults. Parental strategies based around repeat tasting opportunities can improve acceptance of disliked foods in even the fussiest children. Fussy eating and neophobia are not risk factors for obesity but could limit growth in severe cases. Fussy eating and food neophobia are common concerns for parents, though health risks are low. Dissemination of evidence-based strategies to parents that can encourage a more varied diet in young children would be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Leigh Gibson
- Department of Psychology, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, Holybourne Avenue, London, SW15 4JD, UK.
| | - Lucy Cooke
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, UK
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