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Serrano J, Boyd J, Brown IS, Mason C, Smith KR, Karolyi K, Maurya SK, Meshram NN, Serna V, Link GM, Gardell SJ, Kyriazis GA. The TAS1R2 G-protein-coupled receptor is an ambient glucose sensor in skeletal muscle that regulates NAD homeostasis and mitochondrial capacity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4915. [PMID: 38851747 PMCID: PMC11162498 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The bioavailability of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is vital for skeletal muscle health, yet the mechanisms or signals regulating NAD homeostasis remain unclear. Here, we uncover a pathway connecting peripheral glucose sensing to the modulation of muscle NAD through TAS1R2, the sugar-sensing G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) initially identified in taste perception. Muscle TAS1R2 receptor stimulation by glucose and other agonists induces ERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation and activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase1 (PARP1), a major NAD consumer in skeletal muscle. Consequently, muscle-specific deletion of TAS1R2 (mKO) in male mice suppresses PARP1 activity, elevating NAD levels and enhancing mitochondrial capacity and running endurance. Plasma glucose levels negatively correlate with muscle NAD, and TAS1R2 receptor deficiency enhances NAD responses across the glycemic range, implicating TAS1R2 as a peripheral energy surveyor. These findings underscore the role of GPCR signaling in NAD regulation and propose TAS1R2 as a potential therapeutic target for maintaining muscle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Serrano
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; Columbus, Columbus, 43210, USA
| | - Jordan Boyd
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; Columbus, Columbus, 43210, USA
| | - Ian S Brown
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; Columbus, Columbus, 43210, USA
| | - Carter Mason
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; Columbus, Columbus, 43210, USA
| | - Kathleen R Smith
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; Columbus, Columbus, 43210, USA
| | - Katalin Karolyi
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; Columbus, Columbus, 43210, USA
| | - Santosh K Maurya
- Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; Columbus, Columbus, 43210, USA
| | - Nishita N Meshram
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; Columbus, Columbus, 43210, USA
| | - Vanida Serna
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; Columbus, Columbus, 43210, USA
| | - Grace M Link
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; Columbus, Columbus, 43210, USA
| | - Stephen J Gardell
- Translational Research Institute, Advent Health, Orlando, 32804, USA
| | - George A Kyriazis
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; Columbus, Columbus, 43210, USA.
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2
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Kochem MC, Hanselman EC, Breslin PAS. Activation and inhibition of the sweet taste receptor TAS1R2-TAS1R3 differentially affect glucose tolerance in humans. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298239. [PMID: 38691547 PMCID: PMC11062524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The sweet taste receptor, TAS1R2-TAS1R3, is expressed in taste bud cells, where it conveys sweetness, and also in intestinal enteroendocrine cells, where it may facilitate glucose absorption and assimilation. In the present study, our objective was to determine whether TAS1R2-TAS1R3 influences glucose metabolism bidirectionally via hyperactivation with 5 mM sucralose (n = 12) and inhibition with 2 mM sodium lactisole (n = 10) in mixture with 75 g glucose loads during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in healthy humans. Plasma glucose, insulin, and glucagon were measured before, during, and after OGTTs up to 120 minutes post-prandially. We also assessed individual participants' sweet taste responses to sucralose and their sensitivities to lactisole sweetness inhibition. The addition of sucralose to glucose elevated plasma insulin responses to the OGTT (F(1, 11) = 4.55, p = 0.056). Sucralose sweetness ratings were correlated with early increases in plasma glucose (R2 = 0.41, p<0.05), as well as increases in plasma insulin (R2 = 0.38, p<0.05) when sucralose was added to the OGTT (15 minute AUC). Sensitivity to lactisole sweetness inhibition was correlated with decreased plasma glucose (R2 = 0.84, p<0.01) when lactisole was added to the OGTT over the whole test (120 minute AUC). In summary, stimulation and inhibition of the TAS1R2-TAS1R3 receptor demonstrates that TAS1R2-TAS1R3 helps regulate glucose metabolism in humans and may have translational implications for metabolic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Kochem
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Emily C. Hanselman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Paul A. S. Breslin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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3
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Zhang R, Noronha JC, Khan TA, McGlynn N, Back S, Grant SM, Kendall CWC, Sievenpiper JL. The Effect of Non-Nutritive Sweetened Beverages on Postprandial Glycemic and Endocrine Responses: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:1050. [PMID: 36839408 PMCID: PMC9965414 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There has been an emerging concern that non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) can increase the risk of cardiometabolic disease. Much of the attention has focused on acute metabolic and endocrine responses to NNS. To examine whether these mechanisms are operational under real-world scenarios, we conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of acute trials comparing the effects of non-nutritive sweetened beverages (NNS beverages) with water and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in humans. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library were searched through to January 15, 2022. We included acute, single-exposure, randomized, and non-randomized, clinical trials in humans, regardless of health status. Three patterns of intake were examined: (1) uncoupling interventions, where NNS beverages were consumed alone without added energy or nutrients; (2) coupling interventions, where NNS beverages were consumed together with added energy and nutrients as carbohydrates; and (3) delayed coupling interventions, where NNS beverages were consumed as a preload prior to added energy and nutrients as carbohydrates. The primary outcome was a 2 h incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for blood glucose concentration. Secondary outcomes included 2 h iAUC for insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), peptide YY (PYY), ghrelin, leptin, and glucagon concentrations. Network meta-analysis and confidence in the network meta-analysis (CINeMA) were conducted in R-studio and CINeMA, respectively. Results: Thirty-six trials involving 472 predominantly healthy participants were included. Trials examined a variety of single NNS (acesulfame potassium, aspartame, cyclamate, saccharin, stevia, and sucralose) and NNS blends (acesulfame potassium + aspartame, acesulfame potassium + sucralose, acesulfame potassium + aspartame + cyclamate, and acesulfame potassium + aspartame + sucralose), along with matched water/unsweetened controls and SSBs sweetened with various caloric sugars (glucose, sucrose, and fructose). In uncoupling interventions, NNS beverages (single or blends) had no effect on postprandial glucose, insulin, GLP-1, GIP, PYY, ghrelin, and glucagon responses similar to water controls (generally, low to moderate confidence), whereas SSBs sweetened with caloric sugars (glucose and sucrose) increased postprandial glucose, insulin, GLP-1, and GIP responses with no differences in postprandial ghrelin and glucagon responses (generally, low to moderate confidence). In coupling and delayed coupling interventions, NNS beverages had no postprandial glucose and endocrine effects similar to controls (generally, low to moderate confidence). Conclusions: The available evidence suggests that NNS beverages sweetened with single or blends of NNS have no acute metabolic and endocrine effects, similar to water. These findings provide support for NNS beverages as an alternative replacement strategy for SSBs in the acute postprandial setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roselyn Zhang
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada
- Department of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G5, Canada
| | - Jarvis C. Noronha
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Tauseef A. Khan
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Néma McGlynn
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Songhee Back
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shannan M. Grant
- Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Cyril W. C. Kendall
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - John L. Sievenpiper
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
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4
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Serrano J, Boyd J, Mason C, Smith KR, Karolyi K, Kondo S, Brown IS, Maurya SK, Meshram NN, Serna V, Gilger J, Branch DA, Gardell SJ, Baskin KK, Ayala JE, Pratley RE, Goodpaster BH, Coen PM, Kyriazis GA. The TAS1R2 sweet taste receptor regulates skeletal muscle mass and fitness. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2475555. [PMID: 36798161 PMCID: PMC9934781 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2475555/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Muscle fitness and mass deteriorate under the conditions of obesity and aging for reasons yet to be fully elucidated. Herein, we describe a novel pathway linking peripheral nutrient sensing and skeletal muscle function through the sweet taste receptor TAS1R2 and the involvement of ERK2-PARP1-NAD signaling axis. Muscle-specific deletion of TAS1R2 (mKO) in mice produced elevated NAD levels due to suppressed PARP1 activity, improved mitochondrial function, increased muscle mass and strength, and prolonged running endurance. Deletion of TAS1R2 in obese or aged mice also ameliorated the decline in muscle mass and fitness arising from these conditions. Remarkably, partial loss-of-function of TAS1R2 (rs35874116) in older, obese humans recapitulated the healthier muscle phenotype displayed by mKO mice in response to exercise training. Our findings show that inhibition of the TAS1R2 signaling in skeletal muscle is a promising therapeutic approach to preserve muscle mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Serrano
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jordan Boyd
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carter Mason
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kathleen R Smith
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katalin Karolyi
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Saki Kondo
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ian S Brown
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Santosh K Maurya
- Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nishita N Meshram
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vanida Serna
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joshua Gilger
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel A Branch
- Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Kedryn K Baskin
- Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Julio E Ayala
- Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Paul M Coen
- Translational Research Institute, Advent Health, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - George A Kyriazis
- Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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5
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Serrano J, Yi F, Smith J, Pratley RE, Kyriazis GA. The Ile191Val Variant of the TAS1R2 Subunit of Sweet Taste Receptors Is Associated With Reduced HbA1c in a Human Cohort With Variable Levels of Glucose Homeostasis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:896205. [PMID: 35662939 PMCID: PMC9160323 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.896205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ile191Val variant of the TAS1R2 gene of sweet taste receptors causes a partial loss-of-function and is associated with reduced glucose excursions in a healthy lean cohort. However, it is unclear whether this polymorphism contributes to the regulation of glucose homeostasis in metabolically unhealthy individuals. Thus, we used participants with variable glycemic profiles and obesity to assess the effects of the TAS1R2-Ile191Val variant. We found that the Val minor allele carriers had lower HbA1c at all levels of fasting glucose and glucose tolerance. These effects were not due to differences in beta-cell function or insulin sensitivity assessed with a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. This study extends our previous findings and provides further evidence that sweet taste receptor function may contribute to glucose regulation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Serrano
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Fanchao Yi
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Joshua Smith
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Richard E. Pratley
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - George A. Kyriazis
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: George A. Kyriazis
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6
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Teysseire F, Bordier V, Budzinska A, Weltens N, Rehfeld JF, Holst JJ, Hartmann B, Beglinger C, Van Oudenhove L, Wölnerhanssen BK, Meyer-Gerspach AC. The Role of D-allulose and Erythritol on the Activity of the Gut Sweet Taste Receptor and Gastrointestinal Satiation Hormone Release in Humans: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2022; 152:1228-1238. [PMID: 35135006 PMCID: PMC9071322 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose induces the release of gastrointestinal (GI) satiation hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), in part via the activation of the gut sweet taste receptor (T1R2/T1R3). OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to investigate the importance of T1R2/T1R3 for the release of cholecystokinin (CCK), GLP-1, and PYY in response to D-allulose and erythritol by assessing the effect of the T1R2/T1R3 antagonist lactisole on these responses and as secondary objectives to study the effect of the T1R2/T1R3 blockade on gastric emptying, appetite-related sensations, and GI symptoms. METHODS In this randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover study, 18 participants (5 men) with a mean ± SD BMI (in kg/m2) of 21.9 ± 1.7 and aged 24 ± 4 y received an intragastric administration of 25 g D-allulose, 50 g erythritol, or tap water, with or without 450 parts per million (ppm) lactisole, respectively, in 6 different sessions. 13C-sodium acetate was added to all solutions to determine gastric emptying. At fixed time intervals, blood and breath samples were collected, and appetite-related sensations and GI symptoms were assessed. Data were analyzed with linear mixed-model analysis. RESULTS D-allulose and erythritol induced a significant release of CCK, GLP-1, and PYY compared with tap water (all PHolm < 0.0001, dz >1). Lactisole did not affect the D-allulose- and erythritol-induced release of CCK, GLP-1, and PYY (all PHolm > 0.1). Erythritol significantly delayed gastric emptying, increased fullness, and decreased prospective food consumption compared with tap water (PHolm = 0.0002, dz = -1.05; PHolm = 0.0190, dz = 0.69; and PHolm = 0.0442, dz = -0.62, respectively). CONCLUSIONS D-allulose and erythritol stimulate the secretion of GI satiation hormones in humans. Lactisole had no effect on CCK, GLP-1, and PYY release, indicating that D-allulose- and erythritol-induced GI satiation hormone release is not mediated via T1R2/T1R3 in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Teysseire
- St. Clara Research Ltd at St. Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland,Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valentine Bordier
- St. Clara Research Ltd at St. Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland,Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Budzinska
- Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Weltens
- Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jens F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lukas Van Oudenhove
- Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Bettina K Wölnerhanssen
- St. Clara Research Ltd at St. Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland,Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Serrano J, Meshram NN, Soundarapandian MM, Smith KR, Mason C, Brown IS, Tyrberg B, Kyriazis GA. Saccharin Stimulates Insulin Secretion Dependent on Sweet Taste Receptor-Induced Activation of PLC Signaling Axis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010120. [PMID: 35052799 PMCID: PMC8773316 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Saccharin is a common artificial sweetener and a bona fide ligand for sweet taste receptors (STR). STR can regulate insulin secretion in beta cells, so we investigated whether saccharin can stimulate insulin secretion dependent on STR and the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) signaling. Methods: We performed in vivo and in vitro approaches in mice and cells with loss-of-function of STR signaling and specifically assessed the involvement of a PLC signaling cascade using real-time biosensors and calcium imaging. Results: We found that the ingestion of a physiological amount of saccharin can potentiate insulin secretion dependent on STR. Similar to natural sweeteners, saccharin triggers the activation of the PLC signaling cascade, leading to calcium influx and the vesicular exocytosis of insulin. The effects of saccharin also partially require transient receptor potential cation channel M5 (TRPM5) activity. Conclusions: Saccharin ingestion may transiently potentiate insulin secretion through the activation of the canonical STR signaling pathway. These physiological effects provide a framework for understanding the potential health impact of saccharin use and the contribution of STR in peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Serrano
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.S.); (N.N.M.); (C.M.); (I.S.B.)
| | - Nishita N. Meshram
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.S.); (N.N.M.); (C.M.); (I.S.B.)
| | | | - Kathleen R. Smith
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Lake Nona, FL 32827, USA; (M.M.S.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Carter Mason
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.S.); (N.N.M.); (C.M.); (I.S.B.)
| | - Ian S. Brown
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.S.); (N.N.M.); (C.M.); (I.S.B.)
| | - Björn Tyrberg
- Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - George A. Kyriazis
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.S.); (N.N.M.); (C.M.); (I.S.B.)
- Correspondence: or
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8
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Serrano J, Seflova J, Park J, Pribadi M, Sanematsu K, Shigemura N, Serna V, Yi F, Mari A, Procko E, Pratley RE, Robia SL, Kyriazis GA. The Ile191Val is a partial loss-of-function variant of the TAS1R2 sweet-taste receptor and is associated with reduced glucose excursions in humans. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101339. [PMID: 34509698 PMCID: PMC8476773 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sweet taste receptors (STR) are expressed in the gut and other extra-oral tissues, suggesting that STR-mediated nutrient sensing may contribute to human physiology beyond taste. A common variant (Ile191Val) in the TAS1R2 gene of STR is associated with nutritional and metabolic outcomes independent of changes in taste perception. It is unclear whether this polymorphism directly alters STR function and how it may contribute to metabolic regulation. METHODS We implemented a combination of in vitro biochemical approaches to decipher the effects of TAS1R2 polymorphism on STR function. Then, as proof-of-concept, we assessed its effects on glucose homeostasis in apparently healthy lean participants. RESULTS The Ile191Val variant causes a partial loss of function of TAS1R2 through reduced receptor availability in the plasma membrane. Val minor allele carriers have reduced glucose excursions during an OGTT, mirroring effects previously seen in mice with genetic loss of function of TAS1R2. These effects were not due to differences in beta-cell function or insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Our pilot studies on a common TAS1R2 polymorphism suggest that STR sensory function in peripheral tissues, such as the intestine, may contribute to the regulation of metabolic control in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Serrano
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jaroslava Seflova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Jihye Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Marsha Pribadi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Keisuke Sanematsu
- Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Noriatsu Shigemura
- Section of Oral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Vanida Serna
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Fanchao Yi
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Andrea Mari
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
| | - Erik Procko
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Richard E Pratley
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA
| | - Seth L Robia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - George A Kyriazis
- Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Grüneis V, Schweiger K, Galassi C, Karl CM, Treml J, Ley JP, König J, Krammer GE, Somoza V, Lieder B. Sweetness Perception is not Involved in the Regulation of Blood Glucose after Oral Application of Sucrose and Glucose Solutions in Healthy Male Subjects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000472. [PMID: 33249735 PMCID: PMC7900990 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE This study investigates the effect of the sweetness of a sucrose versus an isocaloric glucose solution in dietary concentrations on blood glucose regulation by adjusting the sweetness level using the sweet taste inhibitor lactisole. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 27 healthy males participated in this randomized, crossover study with four treatments: 10% glucose, 10% sucrose, 10% sucrose + 60 ppm lactisole, and 10% glucose + 60 ppm lactisole. Plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and glucagon levels are measured at baseline and 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after beverage consumption. Test subjects rated the sucrose solution to be sweeter than the isocaloric glucose solution, whereas no difference in sweetness is reported after addition of lactisole to the sucrose solution. Administration of the less sweet glucose solution versus sucrose led to higher blood glucose levels after 30 min, as reflected by a lower ΔAUC for sucrose (1072 ± 136) than for glucose (1567 ± 231). Application of lactisole leads to no differences in glucose, insulin, or glucagon responses induced by sucrose or glucose. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the structure of the carbohydrate has a stronger impact on the regulation of blood glucose levels than the perceived sweetness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Grüneis
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Taste ResearchFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14Vienna1090Austria
| | - Kerstin Schweiger
- Department of Physiological ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14Vienna1090Austria
| | - Claudia Galassi
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Taste ResearchFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14Vienna1090Austria
| | - Corinna M. Karl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Taste ResearchFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14Vienna1090Austria
| | - Julia Treml
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Taste ResearchFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14Vienna1090Austria
| | - Jakob P. Ley
- Symrise AGMuehlenfeldstrasse 1Holzminden37603Germany
| | - Jürgen König
- Department of Nutritional ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14Vienna1090Austria
| | | | - Veronika Somoza
- Department of Physiological ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14Vienna1090Austria
| | - Barbara Lieder
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Taste ResearchFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14Vienna1090Austria
- Department of Physiological ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14Vienna1090Austria
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10
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Greyling A, Appleton KM, Raben A, Mela DJ. Acute glycemic and insulinemic effects of low-energy sweeteners: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:1002-1014. [PMID: 32672338 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that low-energy sweeteners (LES) may be associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases, possibly due to stimulation of glucose-responsive mechanisms. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of human intervention studies examining the acute effect of LES intake on postprandial glucose (PPG) and postprandial insulin (PPI) responses, in order to comprehensively and objectively quantify these relations. METHODS We systematically searched the Medline, OVID FSTA, and SCOPUS databases until January 2020. Randomized controlled trials comparing acute postprandial effects on PPG and/or PPI after exposure to LES, either alone, with a meal, or with other nutrient-containing preloads to the same intervention without LES were eligible for inclusion. PPG and PPI responses were calculated as mean incremental area under the curve divided by time. Meta-analyses were performed using random effects models with inverse variance weighing. RESULTS Twenty-six papers (34 PPG trials and 29 PPI trials) were included. There were no reports of statistically significant differences in the effects of LES on PPG and PPI responses compared with control interventions. Pooled effects of LES intake on the mean change difference in PPG and PPI were -0.02 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.09, 0.05) and -2.39 pmol/L (95% CI: -11.83, 7.05), respectively. The results did not appreciably differ by the type or dose of LES consumed, cointervention type, or fasting glucose and insulin levels. Among patients with type 2 diabetes, the mean change difference indicated a smaller PPG response after exposure to LES compared with the control (-0.3 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.53, -0.07). CONCLUSIONS Ingestion of LES, administered alone or in combination with a nutrient-containing preload, has no acute effects on the mean change in postprandial glycemic or insulinemic responses compared with a control intervention. Apart from a small beneficial effect on PPG (-0.3 mmol/L) in studies enrolling patients with type 2 diabetes, the effects did not differ by type or dose of LES, or fasting glucose or insulin levels. This review and meta-analysis was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42018099608.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Greyling
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Effects of Sucralose Ingestion versus Sucralose Taste on Metabolic Responses to an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Participants with Normal Weight and Obesity: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010029. [PMID: 31877631 PMCID: PMC7019725 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we tested the hypothesis that sucralose differentially affects metabolic responses to labeled oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in participants with normal weight and obesity. Participants (10 with normal weight and 11 with obesity) without diabetes underwent three dual-tracer OGTTs preceded, in a randomized order, by consuming sucralose or water, or by tasting and expectorating sucralose (e.g., sham-fed; sweetness control). Indices of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity (SI) were estimated using oral minimal models of glucose, insulin, and C-peptide kinetics. Compared with water, sucralose ingested (but not sham-fed) resulted in a 30 ± 10% increased glucose area under the curve in both weight groups. In contrast, the insulin response to sucralose ingestion differed depending on the presence of obesity: decreased within 20–40 min of the OGTT in normal-weight participants but increased within 90–120 min in participants with obesity. Sham-fed sucralose similarly decreased insulin concentrations within 60 min of the OGTT in both weight groups. Sucralose ingested (but not sham-fed) increased SI in normal-weight participants by 52 ± 20% but did not affect SI in participants with obesity. Sucralose did not affect glucose rates of appearance or β-cell function in either weight group. Our data underscore a physiological role for taste perception in postprandial glucose responses, suggesting sweeteners should be consumed in moderation.
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The consumption of foods and beverages containing non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) has increased worldwide over the last three decades. Consumers' choice of NNS rather than sugar or other nutritive sweeteners may be attributable to their potential to reduce weight gain. RECENT FINDINGS It is not clear what the effects of NNS consumption are on glycaemic control and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. This review aims to examine this question in epidemiological, human intervention and animal studies. It is not clear that NNS consumption has an effect on the incidence of type 2 diabetes or on glycaemic control even though there is some evidence for the modification of the microbiome and for interaction with sweet taste receptors in the oral cavity and the intestines' modification of secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), ghrelin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which may affect glycaemia following consumption of NNS. In conclusion, long-term studies of NNS consumption are required to draw a firm conclusion about the role of NNS consumption on glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoona Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jennifer B Keogh
- Division of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Peter M Clifton
- Division of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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13
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Insulin Sensitivity Is Associated with Lipoprotein Lipase ( LPL) and Catenin Delta 2 ( CTNND2) DNA Methylation in Peripheral White Blood Cells in Non-Diabetic Young Women. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122928. [PMID: 31208038 PMCID: PMC6627674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with impaired insulin secretion and/or insulin action. Since few studies have addressed the relation between DNA methylation patterns with elaborated surrogates of insulin secretion/sensitivity based on the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between DNA methylation and an insulin sensitivity index based on IVGTT (calculated insulin sensitivity index (CSi)) in peripheral white blood cells from 57 non-diabetic female volunteers. The CSi and acute insulin response (AIR) indexes, as well as the disposition index (DI = CSi × AIR), were estimated from abbreviated IVGTT in 49 apparently healthy Chilean women. Methylation levels were assessed using the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 450k BeadChip. After a statistical probe filtering, the two top CpGs whose methylation was associated with CSi were cg04615668 and cg07263235, located in the catenin delta 2 (CTNND2) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) genes, respectively. Both CpGs conjointly predicted insulin sensitivity status with an area under the curve of 0.90. Additionally, cg04615668 correlated with homeostasis model assessment insulin-sensitivity (HOMA-S) and AIR, whereas cg07263235 was associated with plasma creatinine and DI. These results add further insights into the epigenetic regulation of insulin sensitivity and associated complications, pointing the CTNND2 and LPL genes as potential underlying epigenetic biomarkers for future risk of insulin-related diseases.
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14
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Pepino MY. The not-so-sweet effects of sucralose on blood sugar control. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:431-432. [PMID: 30535110 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Yanina Pepino
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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15
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Smith K, Karimian Azari E, LaMoia TE, Hussain T, Vargova V, Karolyi K, Veldhuis PP, Arnoletti JP, de la Fuente SG, Pratley RE, Osborne TF, Kyriazis GA. T1R2 receptor-mediated glucose sensing in the upper intestine potentiates glucose absorption through activation of local regulatory pathways. Mol Metab 2018; 17:98-111. [PMID: 30201274 PMCID: PMC6197762 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Beyond the taste buds, sweet taste receptors (STRs; T1R2/T1R3) are also expressed on enteroendocrine cells, where they regulate gut peptide secretion but their regulatory function within the intestine is largely unknown. Methods Using T1R2-knock out (KO) mice we evaluated the role of STRs in the regulation of glucose absorption in vivo and in intact intestinal preparations ex vivo. Results STR signaling enhances the rate of intestinal glucose absorption specifically in response to the ingestion of a glucose-rich meal. These effects were mediated specifically by the regulation of GLUT2 transporter trafficking to the apical membrane of enterocytes. GLUT2 translocation and glucose transport was dependent and specific to glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) secretion and subsequent intestinal neuronal activation. Finally, high-sucrose feeding in wild-type mice induced rapid downregulation of STRs in the gut, leading to reduced glucose absorption. Conclusions Our studies demonstrate that STRs have evolved to modulate glucose absorption via the regulation of its transport and to prevent the development of exacerbated hyperglycemia due to the ingestion of high levels of sugars. The intestinal T1R2 receptor enhances glucose absorption in vivo and ex vivo. Pharmacological inhibition of STRs reduces glucose flux in human intestinal preparations. T1R2 regulates glucose absorption dependent on GLUT2 activity in enterocytes. GLP-2 mediates the effects of T1R2 signaling through activation of enteric neurons. High sucrose diet rapidly downregulates STRs leading to reduced glucose absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Smith
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Elnaz Karimian Azari
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Traci E LaMoia
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Tania Hussain
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Veronika Vargova
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Katalin Karolyi
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Paula P Veldhuis
- Institute for Surgical Advancement, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Richard E Pratley
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Timothy F Osborne
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - George A Kyriazis
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, USA; Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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16
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Abstract
This report summarises a workshop convened by ILSI Europe on 3 and 4 April 2017 to discuss the issue of dietary sweetness. The objectives were to understand the roles of sweetness in the diet, establish whether exposure to sweetness affects diet quality and energy intake, and consider whether sweetness per se affects health. Although there may be evidence for tracking of intake of some sweet components of the diet through childhood, evidence for tracking of whole diet sweetness, or through other stages of maturity are lacking. The evidence to date does not support adverse effects of sweetness on diet quality or energy intake, except where sweet food choices increase intake of free sugars. There is some evidence for improvements in diet quality and reduced energy intake where sweetness without calories replaces sweetness with calories. There is a need to understand the physiological and metabolic relevance of sweet taste receptors on the tongue, in the gut and elsewhere in the body, as well as possible differentiation in the effects of sustained consumption of individual sweeteners. Despite a plethora of studies, there is no consistent evidence for an association of sweetness sensitivity/preference with obesity or type 2 diabetes. A multifaceted integrated approach, characterising nutritive and sensory aspects of the whole diet or dietary patterns, may be more valuable in providing contextual insight. The outcomes of the workshop could be used as a scientific basis to inform the expert community and create more useful dialogue among health care professionals.
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17
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Zhou L, Huang W, Xu Y, Gao C, Zhang T, Guo M, Liu Y, Ding J, Qin L, Xu Z, Long Y, Xu Y. Sweet Taste Receptors Mediated ROS-NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Activation: Implications for Diabetic Nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:7078214. [PMID: 29675433 PMCID: PMC5838486 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7078214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome signaling activation was involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Recent research has shown that sweet taste receptors (STRs) are important sentinels of innate immunity. Whether high glucose primes ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome signaling via STRs is unclear. In this study, diabetic mouse model was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in vivo; mouse glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) and human proximal tubular cells were stimulated by high glucose (10, 20, and 30 mmol/L) in vitro; STR inhibitor lactisole was used as an intervention reagent to evaluate the role and mechanism of the STRs in the pathogenesis of DN. Our results showed that the expression of STRs and associated signaling components (Gα-gustducin, PLCβ2, and TRPM5) was obviously downregulated under the condition of diabetes in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, lactisole significantly mitigated the production of intracellular ROS and reversed the high glucose-induced decrease of Ca2+ and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in vitro (p < 0.05). These combined results support the hypothesis that STRs could be involved in the activation of ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in the pathogenesis of DN, suggesting that STRs may act as new therapeutic targets of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
- The Graduate School of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Chenlin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
- The Graduate School of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Man Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
- The Graduate School of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Jingya Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
- The Graduate School of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Ludan Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
- The Graduate School of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zihao Xu
- The Graduate School of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yang Long
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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18
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Targeting gastrointestinal nutrient sensing mechanisms to treat obesity. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 37:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Do non-nutritive sweeteners influence acute glucose homeostasis in humans? A systematic review. Physiol Behav 2017; 182:17-26. [PMID: 28939430 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The human body associates sensory cues with metabolic consequences. Exposure to sweet-tasting sugars - even in the absence of ingestion - triggers physiological responses that are associated with carbohydrate digestion, absorption and metabolism. These responses include the release of insulin and incretin hormones, which work to reduce blood glucose. For this reason, non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) have been posited to trigger similar physiological responses and reduce postprandial blood glucose concentrations. The first part of this review presents a brief overview of sweet taste receptor activation in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract and the ensuing physiological responses related to glucose homeostasis. The second part of this review contains a systematic literature review that tested the hypothesis that NNS use improves glucose regulation postprandially. Studies were grouped based on sweet taste receptor stimulation paradigms, including pre-ingestive stimulation, ingestion of NNS alone, co-ingestion of NNS with foods, and using NNS as preloads to influence subsequent blood glucose excursions. In summary, the review found that NNS triggered physiological responses, albeit inconsistently, yet failed to significantly lower blood glucose levels in almost all studies.
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