1
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Samanta I, Patil DJ, More CB. Assessment of vitamin D levels in patients with oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma-A cross-sectional study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2024; 14:27-32. [PMID: 38130424 PMCID: PMC10733696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to assess and compare the serum and salivary levels of Vitamin D in patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with healthy controls. Method This cross-sectional study was carried out among 60 patients reporting to the department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, and included patients with OPMDs, OSCC and healthy controls. The Vitamin D levels were estimated using the chemiluminescence immunoassay. One-way ANOVA was used to compare mean and statistical difference between the groups. Tukey's post HOC test calculated for inter group difference. Serum and salivary Vitamin D levels were corelated with Pearson's coefficient. The values of p < 0.005 was considered as significant. Results The levels of Vitamin D were decreased in study group as compared to controls both in serum and saliva. (p < 0.001). Between serum and salivary Vitamin D levels, a strong association was discovered using the Pearson's coefficient value of 0.737 (p < 0.001). Conclusion In this study, patients with both OPMDs and OSCC had Vitamin D insufficiency & deficiency. Vitamin D level assessment should be included as a standard component of routine investigations for these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Samanta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, K. M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Deepa Jatti Patil
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, K. M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Chandramani B. More
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, K. M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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2
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Guyonnet E, Kim SJ, Pullella K, Zhang CXW, McCuaig JM, Armel S, Narod SA, Kotsopoulos J. Vitamin D and Calcium Supplement Use and High-Risk Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study among BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2790. [PMID: 37345127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of vitamin D and calcium use in the development of breast cancer among women in the general population is not clear. Furthermore, whether vitamin D and calcium supplement use are associated with breast cancer in high-risk populations has not been evaluated. Thus, we evaluated the association between vitamin D and/or calcium supplement use and breast cancer among women with a pathogenic variant (mutation) in BRCA1 or BRCA2. BRCA mutation carriers enrolled in a longitudinal study were invited to complete a supplemental questionnaire on lifetime supplement use. Cases included women with a prevalent diagnosis of invasive breast cancer, and controls had no history of breast cancer. Vitamin D and calcium use were categorized as never/ever use, and as tertiles of supplement intake (total average daily supplement use). Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of breast cancer. This study included 134 breast cancer cases and 276 controls. Women who used vitamin D-containing supplements had 46% lower odds of having breast cancer compared to those who never used supplements (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.31, 0.91; p = 0.02). Increasing vitamin D and calcium supplement intake was inversely associated with the odds of having breast cancer (p-trend = 0.04). Findings were suggestively stronger among BRCA1 mutation carriers; however, analyses were limited by small strata. These findings suggest a potential inverse association between vitamin D and calcium supplementation and BRCA breast cancer. Additional studies are warranted to confirm these findings and accurately inform clinical care guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Guyonnet
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1N8, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shana J Kim
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1N8, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Katherine Pullella
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1N8, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Cindy X W Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jeanna M McCuaig
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Familial Cancer Clinic, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Susan Armel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Familial Cancer Clinic, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1N8, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Joanne Kotsopoulos
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1N8, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
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3
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Verma AK, Naseeb MA, Basaqr RO, Albajri EA, Khan MI, Dev K, Beg MMA. Cell-free SLC30A10 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression and their association with vitamin-D level among non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:S764-S769. [PMID: 38384053 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_281_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer has been major cause of cancer related death and day by day Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases are increasing globally. Present study explored the link between SLC30A10 mRNA expression with vitamin-D level among the NSCLC patients. METHODS Present study included newly diagnosed 100 NSCLC patients and 100 healthy controls. Quantitative real time PCR was performed to check the SLC30A10 mRNA expression after cDNA synthesis from extracted total RNA from serum sample. Vitamin-D level was also analyzed in all the NSCLC patients by electrochemiluminscence based immunoassay method. RESULTS Present research work observed decreased SLC30A10 mRNA expression (0.16 fold) among the NSCLC patients, decreased SLC30A10 mRNA expression was linked with advanced stage (0.15 fold, P < 00001) of disease and distant organ metastases (0.11 fold, P < 00001) compared to its contrast. Decreased level of vitamin-D was also observed with advanced stage (17.98 ng/ml, P < 00001) of disease and distant organ metastases (16.23 ng/ml, P < 00001) compared to its contrast. Positive correlation was observed between SLC30A10 mRNA expression with vitamin-D level among the NSCLC patients suggesting decrease or increase in SLC30A10 mRNA expression mau decreases or increase the vitamin-D level. NSCLC patients with vitamin-D deficiency had 0.14 reduced SCL30A10 mRNA expression while insufficient (P = 0 .06) and sufficient (P = 0.03) showed comparatively high SCL30A10 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION Study concluded that down regulation of SLC30A10 mRNA and vitamin-D deficiency may involve in advancement of disease and distant organ metastases. It was also suggested that the decrease of increase in SLC30A10 expression may cause the decrease of increase in vitamin-D level among the NSCLC patients may be involved in disease severity and worseness of NSCLC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Verma
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Manal A Naseeb
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem O Basaqr
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences -Jeddah, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences-Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center-Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eram A Albajri
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Idreesh Khan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mirza Masroor Ali Beg
- Centre for Promotion of Medical Research, Alatoo International University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
- Faculty of Medicine, Alatoo International University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
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4
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Dogra AK, Prakash A, Gupta S, Gupta M, Bhat SA. Genetic variations of vitamin D receptor gene and steroid receptors status in breast cancer risk: An updated review. ADVANCES IN BIOMARKER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abst.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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5
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Tahir DES, Madiha B, Zia MA. An Ignored Contributing Factor of Vitamin-D Deficiency, despite the Strong Association with Breast Carcinoma among Women in Punjab, Pakistan. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1766-1769. [PMID: 34490801 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1974499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pakistani females are at elevated risk of breast cancer, hence there is a need to explore every possible potential contributing factor. The present study was performed to analyze the perception of women about their Vit-D levels in both urban and rural areas. Women included 154 clinically diagnosed breast cancer patients from different hospitals and 248 randomly selected females as control group were recruited from Punjab, Pakistan. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS to find the association of Vit-D deficiency with breast carcinoma in different age groups. Out of a total of 402 respondent, 51.5% were completely ignorant of their Vit-D level. Pearson's Chi- square test for those who had perception about Vit-D deficiency among the breast cancer patients and control group revealed asymptotic 2-sided significance of 0.004 while among different age groups, 41 to 50 years were most prone to deficiency with P = 0.003. Urban women were found to had 12% greater association of Vit-D deficiency as compared to women living in rural areas. It was concluded that Vit-D deficiency is a highly contributing factor for breast cancer so every female must be aware of the importance of Vit-D and should maintain a sufficient level of this crucially important vitamin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durr-E-Samin Tahir
- Abdus Salam School of Sciences, Nusrat Jahan College, Rabwah, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bareah Madiha
- Abdus Salam School of Sciences, Nusrat Jahan College, Rabwah, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Anjum Zia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Ebrahimpour-Koujan S, Benisi-Kohansal S, Azadbakht L, Esmaillzadeh A. The Association between Dietary Calcium Intake and Breast Cancer Risk among Iranian Women. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1652-1659. [PMID: 34319190 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1957135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
No information is available from Middle Eastern countries linking dietary calcium intake and odds of breast cancer. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the association between dietary calcium intake and odds of having breast cancer among Iranian women. In this population-based case-control study, 350 newly diagnosed breast cancer cases were recruited and 700 age-matched subjects were enrolled as controls. Dietary intakes were examined by the use of a 106-item validated FFQ. Total dietary calcium intake of each participant was computed by summing up calcium intake from all foods and dishes. The quartile cutoff points of energy-adjusted calcium intake was obtained in the control group. These cutoff points were used to classify all study participants into quartiles in terms of dietary calcium intake. After adjustment for age and energy intake, we found that individuals in second quartile of calcium intake were 43% less likely to have breast cancer compared with those in the bottom quartile (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.38-0.86). This significant association disappeared after further controlling for other potential confounders including dietary factors and BMI (OR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.57-1.45). When the analyses were done by menopausal status, premenopausal women with the greatest calcium intake were 60% less likely to have breast malignancy than those with the lowest intake (OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.16-0.99). Adjustment for potential confounders did not substantially influence this finding (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.11-0.95). The association remained significant even after additional controlling for dietary covariates (OR: 021; 95% CI: 0.06-0.72) and BMI (OR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.04-0.93). No significant association was found between dietary calcium intakes and odds of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Dietary calcium intake was protectively associated with odds of breast cancer in premenopausal women, but not in postmenopausal women. Further prospective investigations are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraiya Ebrahimpour-Koujan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Benisi-Kohansal
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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7
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Fraser GE, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Orlich M, Mashchak A, Sirirat R, Knutsen S. Dairy, soy, and risk of breast cancer: those confounded milks. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 49:1526-1537. [PMID: 32095830 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between soy, dairy intakes and breast cancer risk are inconsistent. No studies exist with large numbers of dairy consumers and soy consumers to assess mutual confounding. METHODS The study cohort contains 52 795 North American women, initially free of cancer, followed for 7.9 years (29.7% were Black). Dietary intakes were estimated from food frequency questionnaires and, for 1011 calibration study subjects, from six structured 24-h dietary recalls. Incident invasive breast cancers were detected mainly by matching with cancer registries. Analyses used multivariable proportional hazards regression. RESULTS The participants (mean age of 57.1 years) experienced 1057 new breast cancer cases during follow-up. No clear associations were found between soy products and breast cancer, independently of dairy. However, higher intakes of dairy calories and dairy milk were associated with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.22 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.40] and 1.50 (95% CI 1.22-1.84), respectively, comparing 90th to 10th percentiles of intakes. Full fat and reduced fat milks produced similar results. No important associations were noted with cheese and yogurt. Substituting median intakes of dairy milk users by those of soy milk consumers was associated with HR of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.55-0.85). Similar-sized associations were found among pre- and post-menopausal cases, with CIs also excluding the null in estrogen receptor (ER+, ER-), and progesterone receptor (PR+) cancers. Less biased calibrated measurement-error adjusted regressions demonstrated yet stronger, but less precise, HRs and CIs that still excluded the null. CONCLUSIONS Higher intakes of dairy milk were associated with greater risk of breast cancer, when adjusted for soy intake. Current guidelines for dairy milk consumption could be viewed with some caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Fraser
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Karen Jaceldo-Siegl
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Michael Orlich
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Mashchak
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Rawiwan Sirirat
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Synnove Knutsen
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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8
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Shamsi U, Khan S, Azam I, Habib Khan A, Maqbool A, Hanif M, Gill T, Iqbal R, Callen D. A multicenter case control study of association of vitamin D with breast cancer among women in Karachi, Pakistan. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0225402. [PMID: 31967989 PMCID: PMC6975526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and breast cancer are both high among women living in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods A matched case control study was conducted in two hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan to evaluate the association of vitamin D (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D) concentrations, vitamin D supplementation and sun exposure with breast cancer among Pakistani women. A total of 411 newly diagnosed histologically confirmed primary breast cancer cases were enrolled and 784 controls, free of breast and any other cancers, were matched by age (year of birth ± 5 years), residence in the same geographic area and study site. Information was collected on sociodemographic history, history of vitamin D supplementation, past medical and obstetrical history, family history of breast cancer, sun exposure history, histopathology reports and anthropometric measurement and venous blood was collected to measure serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration. Results Compared to patients with sufficient serum vitamin D (>30 ng/ml), women with serum vitamin D deficiency (<20ng/ml), had a higher risk of breast cancer (OR = 1.65, 95%CI: 1.10, 2.50). Women with history of vitamin D supplementation one year prior to enrollment, had significant protective effect against breast cancer (OR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.43). Conclusions and recommendation Serum vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased risk of breast cancer, while vitamin D supplementation was associated with decreased risk of breast cancer. In Pakistani women, where vitamin D deficiency is common, raising and maintaining serum vitamin D at population level is a safe and affordable strategy. It may play a role in reducing the incidence of both vitamin D deficiency and breast cancer, particularly among poor women where the breast cancer mortality is highest due to limited resources for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment. The effects of vitamin D with regard to breast cancer risk in Karachi Pakistan should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Shamsi
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Shaista Khan
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Azam
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aysha Habib Khan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amir Maqbool
- Department of Oncology, Karachi Institute of Radiation and Nuclear Medicine Hospital (KIRAN), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Hanif
- Department of Oncology, Karachi Institute of Radiation and Nuclear Medicine Hospital (KIRAN), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tiffany Gill
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Romaina Iqbal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - David Callen
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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9
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Song D, Deng Y, Liu K, Zhou L, Li N, Zheng Y, Hao Q, Yang S, Wu Y, Zhai Z, Li H, Dai Z. Vitamin D intake, blood vitamin D levels, and the risk of breast cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:12708-12732. [PMID: 31884419 PMCID: PMC6949087 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have indicated that blood vitamin D levels are linked to cancer. Here we conducted a dose-response meta-analysis based on published observational studies to evaluate the association of vitamin D intake and blood vitamin D levels with breast cancer susceptibility. PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched up to January 2019. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted to estimate the risk. We identified 70 relevant studies on blood vitamin D levels (50 studies) and vitamin D intake (20 studies), respectively. Linear and nonlinear trend analyses were performed and showed that an increase in blood vitamin D levels by 5 nmol/l was associated with a 6% decrease in breast cancer risk (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.93-0.96). Similar results were obtained for premenopausal (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93-0.99) and postmenopausal women (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94-0.98). The pooled OR of breast cancer risk for a 400IU/day increase in vitamin D intake was 0.97 (95% CI = 0.92-1.02). In conclusion, we found that breast cancer risk was inversely related to blood vitamin D levels; however, no significant association was observed in vitamin D intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingli Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujiao Deng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linghui Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Si Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Zhai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Department of Breast Head and Neck Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Tumor Hospital), Urumqi, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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10
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Delvin E, Alos N, Rauch F, Marcil V, Morel S, Boisvert M, Lecours MA, Laverdière C, Sinnett D, Krajinovic M, Dubois J, Drouin S, Lefebvre G, Samoilenko M, Nyalendo C, Cavalier E, Levy E. Vitamin D nutritional status and bone turnover markers in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors: A PETALE study. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:912-919. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Repurposing vitamin D for treatment of human malignancies via targeting tumor microenvironment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:203-219. [PMID: 30972274 PMCID: PMC6437556 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells along with a small proportion of cancer stem cells exist in a stromal microenvironment consisting of vasculature, cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells and extracellular components. Recent epidemiological and clinical studies strongly support that vitamin D supplementation is associated with reduced cancer risk and favorable prognosis. Experimental results suggest that vitamin D not only suppresses cancer cells, but also regulates tumor microenvironment to facilitate tumor repression. In this review, we have outlined the current knowledge on epidemiological studies and clinical trials of vitamin D. Notably, we summarized and discussed the anticancer action of vitamin D in cancer cells, cancer stem cells and stroma cells in tumor microenvironment, providing a better understanding of the role of vitamin D in cancer. We presently re-propose vitamin D to be a novel and economical anticancer agent.
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Key Words
- 1,25(OH)2D3, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
- 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3
- 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D
- CAF, cancer-associated fibroblast
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- CSC, cancer stem cell
- Cancer stem cell
- Cancer-associated fibroblast
- DBP/GC, vitamin D-binding protein
- ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- GI, gastrointestinal
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- PC, pancreatic adenocarcinoma
- PG, prostaglandin
- PSC, pancreatic stellate cells
- TDEC, tumor derived endothelial cell
- TIC, tumor initiating cell
- TIL, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte
- TME, tumor microenvironment
- Tumor microenvironment
- Tumor-derived endothelial cell
- Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte
- VDR, vitamin D receptor
- VDRE, VDR element
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- Vitamin D
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12
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Fathi N, Ahmadian E, Shahi S, Roshangar L, Khan H, Kouhsoltani M, Maleki Dizaj S, Sharifi S. Role of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in oral cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:391-401. [PMID: 30399574 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is known as one of the most common cancers, with a poor prognosis, related to delayed clinical diagnosis, either due to the lack of particular biomarkers related to the disease or costly therapeutic alternatives. Vitamin D executes its functions by interacting with the vitamin D receptor (VDR), both in healthy and diseased individuals, including oral cancer. This review discusses the role of vitamin D and VDR on tumorigenesis, emphasizing on oral cancer. Furthermore, regulation of VDR expression, mechanisms of anticancer effects of calcitriol, oral cancer chemoresistance and its relation with VDR and polymorphisms of VDR gene will be discussed. The manuscript is prepared mainly using the information collected from PubMed and MEDLINE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Fathi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Stem Cells Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Elham Ahmadian
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahriar Shahi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Stem Cells Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali khan university, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Kouhsoltani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Simin Sharifi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Vitamin D exposure and Risk of Breast Cancer: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9039. [PMID: 29899554 PMCID: PMC5997996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between vitamin D and breast cancer is still controversial. The present meta-analysis examines the effects of the 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D and vitamin D intake on breast cancer risk. For this purpose, a PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science-databases search was conducted including all papers published with the keywords “breast cancer” and “vitamin D” with at least one reported relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR). In total sixty eight studies published between 1998 and 2018 were analyzed. Information about type of study, hormonal receptors and menopausal status was retrieved. Pooled OR or RR were estimated by weighting individual OR/RR by the inverse of their variance Our study showed a protective effect between 25 (OH) D and breast cancer in both cohort studies (RR = 0.85, 95%CI:0.74–0.98) and case-control studies (OR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.56–0.76). However, analyzing by menopausal status, the protective vitamin D – breast cancer association persisted only in the premenopausal group (OR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.49–0.92) when restricting the analysis to nested case-control studies. No significant association was found for vitamin D intake or 1,25(OH)2D. Conclusion: This systematic review suggests a protective relationship between circulating vitamin D (measured as 25(OH) D) and breast cancer development in premenopausal women.
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Kapil U, Pandey RM, Sharma B, Ramakrishnan L, Sharma N, Singh G, Sareen N. Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Children (6-18 years) Residing in Kullu and Kangra Districts of Himachal Pradesh, India. Indian J Pediatr 2018; 85:344-350. [PMID: 29292488 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-017-2577-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and associated risk factors amongst children in the age group of 6-18 y residing at an altitude of 1000 mts and above. METHODS A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in the year 2015-2016. Two districts (namely: Kangra and Kullu) of Himachal Pradesh state, India was selected for the present study. In each district thirty clusters/schools were identified using Population Proportionate to Size (PPS) sampling methodology. In the identified school, all the children in schools were enlisted. Twenty children per school were selected by using random number tables. A total of 1222 children (Kangra: 610; Kullu: 612) in the age group of 6-18 y were enrolled. The data on socio economic status, physical activity and sunlight exposure was collected. The blood samples were collected and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, intact parathyroid hormone, serum calcium, phosphorous, albumin and alkaline phosphate were assessed using standard procedures. RESULTS Eighty one percent (Kangra) and 80.0% (Kullu) of school age children were found Vitamin D deficient as per serum 25(OH) D levels (less than 20 ng/ml). CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence of VDD was found in children residing in 2 districts located at high altitude regions of Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Kapil
- Department of Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ravindra Mohan Pandey
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Brij Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Lakshmy Ramakrishnan
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neetu Sharma
- Department of Physiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Gajendra Singh
- Department of Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Sareen
- Department of Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin playing a vital role in human physiology. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent worldwide. This deficiency has many consequences which are still being explored, apart from the well-known skeletal complications. With this review, we aim to summarize the existing literature on Vitamin D status in India and understand the enormity of the problem. The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency ranged from 40% to 99%, with most of the studies reporting a prevalence of 80%–90%. It was prevalent in all the age groups and high-risk groups alike. With the consequences of Vitamin D deficiency, namely, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and tuberculosis being explored, we can imagine the burden it would cause in our country. We need to create awareness among the public and healthcare providers about the importance of Vitamin D and the consequences of deficiency. Our Indian diet generally fails to satisfy the daily requirement of Vitamin D for a normal adult. This stresses on the need for fortifying various food with Vitamin D, through the national programs. This silent epidemic should be addressed appropriately with concrete public health action.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aparna
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Muthathal
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Baridalyne Nongkynrih
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Hampton S. The sun, the potential for skin cancer, and the affect on wound healing. Br J Community Nurs 2017; 22:S42-S43. [PMID: 28570134 DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2017.22.sup6.s42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Phytotherapy and Nutritional Supplements on Breast Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7207983. [PMID: 28845434 PMCID: PMC5563402 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7207983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent type of nonskin malignancy among women worldwide. In general, conventional cancer treatment options (i.e., surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, biological therapy, and hormone therapy) are not completely effective. Recurrence and other pathologic situations are still an issue in breast cancer patients due to side effects, toxicity of drugs in normal cells, and aggressive behaviour of the tumours. From this point of view, breast cancer therapy and adjuvant methods represent a promising and challenging field for researchers. In the last few years, the use of some types of complementary medicines by women with a history of breast cancer has significantly increased such as phytotherapeutic products and nutritional supplements. Despite this, the use of such approaches in oncologic processes may be problematic and patient's health risks can arise such as interference with the efficacy of standard cancer treatment. The present review gives an overview of the most usual phytotherapeutic products and nutritional supplements with application in breast cancer patients as adjuvant approach. Regardless of the contradictory results of scientific evidence, we demonstrated the need to perform additional investigation, mainly well-designed clinical trials in order to establish correlations and allow for further validated outcomes concerning the efficacy, safety, and clinical evidence-based recommendation of these products.
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Kirkpatrick SI, Vanderlee L, Raffoul A, Stapleton J, Csizmadi I, Boucher BA, Massarelli I, Rondeau I, Robson PJ. Self-Report Dietary Assessment Tools Used in Canadian Research: A Scoping Review. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:276-289. [PMID: 28298272 PMCID: PMC5347105 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.014027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Choosing the most appropriate dietary assessment tool for a study can be a challenge. Through a scoping review, we characterized self-report tools used to assess diet in Canada to identify patterns in tool use and to inform strategies to strengthen nutrition research. The research databases Medline, PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were used to identify Canadian studies published from 2009 to 2014 that included a self-report assessment of dietary intake. The search elicited 2358 records that were screened to identify those that reported on self-report dietary intake among nonclinical, non-Aboriginal adult populations. A pool of 189 articles (reflecting 92 studies) was examined in-depth to assess the dietary assessment tools used. Food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and screeners were used in 64% of studies, whereas food records and 24-h recalls were used in 18% and 14% of studies, respectively. Three studies (3%) used a single question to assess diet, and for 3 studies the tool used was not clear. A variety of distinct FFQs and screeners, including those developed and/or adapted for use in Canada and those developed elsewhere, were used. Some tools were reported to have been evaluated previously in terms of validity or reliability, but details of psychometric testing were often lacking. Energy and fat were the most commonly studied, reported by 42% and 39% of studies, respectively. For ∼20% of studies, dietary data were used to assess dietary quality or patterns, whereas close to half assessed ≤5 dietary components. A variety of dietary assessment tools are used in Canadian research. Strategies to improve the application of current evidence on best practices in dietary assessment have the potential to support a stronger and more cohesive literature on diet and health. Such strategies could benefit from national and global collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon I Kirkpatrick
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Lana Vanderlee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Amanda Raffoul
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ilona Csizmadi
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Beatrice A Boucher
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Paula J Robson
- Cancer Measurement, Outcomes, Research, and Evaluation (C-MORE), Alberta Health Services Cancer Control, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Kapil U, Pandey RM, Goswami R, Sharma B, Sharma N, Ramakrishnan L, Singh G, Sareen N, Sati HC, Gupta A, Sofi NY. Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency and associated risk factors among children residing at high altitude in Shimla district, Himachal Pradesh, India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2017; 21:178-183. [PMID: 28217519 PMCID: PMC5240061 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.196031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D is important for bone development in children. A high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has been documented from different parts of India. However, limited data are available on VDD among children residing at high altitude region of country. OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of VDD and associated risk factors among children in the age group of 6-18 years in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the year 2014-2015. A total of 626 children in the age group of 6-18 years were enrolled from 30 clusters which were identified using population proportionate to size sampling method. A minimum of 20 children in the age group of 6-18 years per cluster were selected using random number tables. The data on socioeconomic status, physical activity, sunlight exposure, and biochemical parameters of bone and mineral metabolism were assessed. RESULTS Ninety-three percent of school-age children were found Vitamin D deficient as per serum 25(OH) D levels of <20 ng/ml. The prevalence was significantly higher among females. CONCLUSION A high prevalence of VDD was found in children residing in high altitude region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Kapil
- Department of Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravindra Mohan Pandey
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravinder Goswami
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Brij Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neetu Sharma
- Department of Physiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Lakshmy Ramakrishnan
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gajendra Singh
- Department of Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Sareen
- Department of Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Hem Chandra Sati
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aakriti Gupta
- Department of Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nighat Yaseen Sofi
- Department of Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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20
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Wu J, Zeng R, Huang J, Li X, Zhang J, Ho JCM, Zheng Y. Dietary Protein Sources and Incidence of Breast Cancer: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Nutrients 2016; 8:E730. [PMID: 27869663 PMCID: PMC5133114 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein is important to the human body, and different sources of protein may have different effects on the risk of breast cancer. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between different dietary protein sources and breast cancer risk. PubMed and several databases were searched until December 2015. Relevant articles were retrieved according to specific searching criteria. Forty-six prospective studies were included. The summary relative risk (RR) for highest versus lowest intake was 1.07 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.14, I² = 34.6%) for processed meat, 0.92 (95% CI 0.84-1.00, I² = 0%) for soy food, 0.93 (95% CI 0.85-1.00, I² = 40.1%) for skim milk, and 0.90 (95% CI 0.82-1.00, I² = 0%) for yogurt. Similar conclusions were obtained in dose-response association for each serving increase: total red meat (RR: 1.07; 95% CI 1.01-1.14, I² = 7.1%), fresh red meat (RR: 1.13; 95% CI 1.01-1.26, I² = 56.4%), processed meat (RR: 1.09; 95% CI 1.02-1.17, I² = 11.8%), soy food (RR: 0.91; 95% CI 0.84-1.00, I² = 0%), and skim milk (RR: 0.96; 95% CI 0.92-1.00, I² = 11.9%). There was a null association between poultry, fish, egg, nuts, total milk, and whole milk intake and breast cancer risk. Higher total red meat, fresh red meat, and processed meat intake may be risk factors for breast cancer, whereas higher soy food and skim milk intake may reduce the risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Rong Zeng
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Junpeng Huang
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Xufeng Li
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Jiren Zhang
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - James Chung-Man Ho
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yanfang Zheng
- Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
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Cadeau C, Fournier A, Mesrine S, Clavel-Chapelon F, Fagherazzi G, Boutron-Ruault MC. Interaction between current vitamin D supplementation and menopausal hormone therapy use on breast cancer risk: evidence from the E3N cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:966-73. [PMID: 26354532 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.104323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental studies suggest protective effects of vitamin D on breast carcinogenesis, particularly on estrogen receptor-positive tumors. Epidemiologic data are less conclusive. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate the association between postmenopausal breast cancer risk and current or past vitamin D supplementation overall and according to the use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). DESIGN Between 1995 and 2008, 2482 invasive breast cancer cases were diagnosed among 57,403 postmenopausal women from the E3N prospective cohort during 581,085 person-years. Vitamin D supplementation was assessed from biennially self-administered questionnaires sent in 1995, 2000, 2002, and 2005 and from medico-administrative data on drug reimbursements since 2004. Multivariable HRs for primary invasive breast cancer and 95% CIs were estimated by using Cox models. RESULTS A decreased postmenopausal breast cancer risk was associated with current (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.97) but not past (HR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.31) vitamin D supplementation (P-homogeneity = 0.02). The association with current vitamin D supplementation differed according to MHT use: ever users (HR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.90) and never users (HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.56); P-homogeneity = 0.02. CONCLUSIONS In this observational study, current vitamin D supplementation, mostly taken daily and combined with calcium, was associated with a decreased postmenopausal breast cancer risk in MHT users. These findings should be confirmed before considering vitamin D supplementation to partly balance the MHT-associated increased breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Cadeau
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, Villejuif Cedex, France; Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif Cedex, France; and Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Agnès Fournier
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, Villejuif Cedex, France; Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif Cedex, France; and Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Mesrine
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, Villejuif Cedex, France; Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif Cedex, France; and Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Françoise Clavel-Chapelon
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, Villejuif Cedex, France; Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif Cedex, France; and Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, Villejuif Cedex, France; Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif Cedex, France; and Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, Villejuif Cedex, France; Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif Cedex, France; and Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, France
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Ellingjord-Dale M, dos-Santos-Silva I, Grotmol T, Kaur Sakhi A, Hofvind S, Qureshi S, Skov Markussen M, Couto E, Vos L, Ursin G. Vitamin D intake, month the mammogram was taken and mammographic density in Norwegian women aged 50-69. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123754. [PMID: 25938768 PMCID: PMC4418832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of vitamin D in breast cancer etiology is unclear. There is some, but inconsistent, evidence that vitamin D is associated with both breast cancer risk and mammographic density (MD). We evaluated the associations of MD with month the mammogram was taken, and with vitamin D intake, in a population of women from Norway--a country with limited sunlight exposure for a large part of the year. METHODS 3114 women aged 50-69, who participated in the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) in 2004 or 2006/07, completed risk factor and food frequency (FFQ) questionnaires. Dietary and total (dietary plus supplements) vitamin D, calcium and energy intakes were estimated by the FFQ. Month when the mammogram was taken was recorded on the mammogram. Percent MD was assessed using a computer assisted method (Madena, University of Southern California) after digitization of the films. Linear regression models were used to investigate percent MD associations with month the mammogram was taken, and vitamin D and calcium intakes, adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), study year, estrogen and progestin therapy (EPT), education, parity, calcium intakes and energy intakes. RESULTS There was no statistical significant association between the month the mammogram was taken and percent MD. Overall, there was no association between percent MD and quartiles of total or dietary vitamin D intakes, or of calcium intake. However, analysis restricted to women aged <55 years revealed a suggestive inverse association between total vitamin D intake and percent MD (p for trend = 0.03). CONCLUSION Overall, we found no strong evidence that month the mammogram was taken was associated with percent MD. We found no inverse association between vitamin D intake and percent MD overall, but observed a suggestive inverse association between dietary vitamin D and MD for women less than 55 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Samera Qureshi
- Norwegian Centre for Minority Health Research, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Elisabeth Couto
- Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, Health Economic and Drug Unit, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda Vos
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Giske Ursin
- University of OsloOslo, Norway
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Giammanco M, Di Majo D, La Guardia M, Aiello S, Crescimannno M, Flandina C, Tumminello FM, Leto G. Vitamin D in cancer chemoprevention. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1399-1434. [PMID: 25856702 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.988274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT There is increasing evidence that Vitamin D (Vit D) and its metabolites, besides their well-known calcium-related functions, may also exert antiproliferative, pro-differentiating, and immune modulatory effects on tumor cells in vitro and may also delay tumor growth in vivo. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to provide fresh insight into the most recent advances on the role of Vit D and its analogues as chemopreventive drugs in cancer therapy. METHODS A systematic review of experimental and clinical studies on Vit D and cancer was undertaken by using the major electronic health database including ISI Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Experimental and clinical observations suggest that Vit D and its analogues may be effective in preventing the malignant transformation and/or the progression of various types of human tumors including breast cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and some hematological malignances. These findings suggest the possibility of the clinical use of these molecules as novel potential chemopreventive and anticancer agents.
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Grimm M, Cetindis M, Biegner T, Lehman M, Munz A, Teriete P, Reinert S. Serum vitamin D levels of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and expression of vitamin D receptor in oral precancerous lesions and OSCC. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2015; 20:e188-95. [PMID: 25662556 PMCID: PMC4393981 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.20368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Resistance to programmed cell death (apoptosis) is a crucial factor for the carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Vitamin D (calcitriol) may overcome apoptosis resistance in tumor cells of OSCC. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in oral precancerous lesions of OSCC has not been analyzed and serum vitamin D level seems to be a predictor of cancer development.
Material and Methods: Expression of VDR was analyzed in normal oral mucosa (n=5), oral precursor lesions (simple hyperplasia, n=11; squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, SIN I-III, n=35), and OSCC specimen (n=42) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Moreover, serum vitamin D levels were measured by 25(OH)D3 (calcidiol) in patients with OSCC (n=42) and correlated with IHC results.
Results: Expression of VDR was significantly increased in precancerous and OSCC compared with normal tissue. Compared with SIN I-III lesions VDR expression significantly decreased in OSCC. Severe vitamin D deficiency was detected in our OSCC patient cohort but there was no significant correlation analyzed between serum vitamin D levels and corresponding immunohistochemically detected VDR expression in OSCC.
Conclusions: Our survey provides the first evidence of VDR expression in precancerous lesions of OSCC. Apoptosis induction of VDR+ cells in oral precancerous lesions and OSCC by natural vitamin D or synthetic vitamin D compounds could be useful for chemoprevention. Moreover, systemically and/or locally applied, these compounds may act as sensitizers for apoptosis mediated by radio-, and chemotherapy treatment in OSCC.
Key words:Oral cancer, oral precancer, lichen planus, leukoplakia, apoptosis, serum 25(OH)D3, vitamin D receptor, chemoprevention, multistep carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grimm
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany,
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Obaidi J, Musallam E, Al-Ghzawi HM, Azzeghaiby SN, Alzoghaibi IN. Vitamin D and its relationship with breast cancer: an evidence based practice paper. Glob J Health Sci 2014; 7:261-6. [PMID: 25560331 PMCID: PMC4796412 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v7n1p261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In oncology research fields, vitamin D has emerged as the most fruitful issue. The previous decade witnessed intensive efforts in connecting vitamin D with risk reduction and progression of various epithelial cancers, especially, breast cancer. PURPOSE To evaluate the relationship between vitamin D levels and breast cancer. METHOD A comprehensive search of several electronic databases was conducted in Pub Med, MEDLINE, CINAHL, in addition to, web search engine "Google" for abstracts, in order to determine the relationship between vitamin D and breast cancer. RESULTS It was found that an increased serum level of vitamin D is associated with decreased risk of breast cancer. CONCLUSION It was concluded that vitamin D plays a significant role in protection of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hamzah Mohammad Al-Ghzawi
- 1. Al-Farabi College, Nursing department Riyadh, 11514 Saudi Arabia 2. AL al-Bayt University, Faculty of Nursing Mafraq, 25113 Jordan.
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Bjelakovic G, Gluud LL, Nikolova D, Whitfield K, Krstic G, Wetterslev J, Gluud C. Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:CD007469. [PMID: 24953955 PMCID: PMC11285304 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007469.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence on whether vitamin D supplementation is effective in decreasing cancers is contradictory. OBJECTIVES To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Science Citation Index Expanded, and the Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science to February 2014. We scanned bibliographies of relevant publications and asked experts and pharmaceutical companies for additional trials. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised trials that compared vitamin D at any dose, duration, and route of administration versus placebo or no intervention in adults who were healthy or were recruited among the general population, or diagnosed with a specific disease. Vitamin D could have been administered as supplemental vitamin D (vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol) or vitamin D₂ (ergocalciferol)), or an active form of vitamin D (1α-hydroxyvitamin D (alfacalcidol), or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol)). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors extracted data independently. We conducted random-effects and fixed-effect model meta-analyses. For dichotomous outcomes, we calculated the risk ratios (RRs). We considered risk of bias in order to assess the risk of systematic errors. We conducted trial sequential analyses to assess the risk of random errors. MAIN RESULTS Eighteen randomised trials with 50,623 participants provided data for the analyses. All trials came from high-income countries. Most of the trials had a high risk of bias, mainly for-profit bias. Most trials included elderly community-dwelling women (aged 47 to 97 years). Vitamin D was administered for a weighted mean of six years. Fourteen trials tested vitamin D₃, one trial tested vitamin D₂, and three trials tested calcitriol supplementation. Cancer occurrence was observed in 1927/25,275 (7.6%) recipients of vitamin D versus 1943/25,348 (7.7%) recipients of control interventions (RR 1.00 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94 to 1.06); P = 0.88; I² = 0%; 18 trials; 50,623 participants; moderate quality evidence according to the GRADE instrument). Trial sequential analysis (TSA) of the 18 vitamin D trials shows that the futility area is reached after the 10th trial, allowing us to conclude that a possible intervention effect, if any, is lower than a 5% relative risk reduction. We did not observe substantial differences in the effect of vitamin D on cancer in subgroup analyses of trials at low risk of bias compared to trials at high risk of bias; of trials with no risk of for-profit bias compared to trials with risk of for-profit bias; of trials assessing primary prevention compared to trials assessing secondary prevention; of trials including participants with vitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL at entry compared to trials including participants with vitamin D levels of 20 ng/mL or more at entry; or of trials using concomitant calcium supplementation compared to trials without calcium. Vitamin D decreased all-cause mortality (1854/24,846 (7.5%) versus 2007/25,020 (8.0%); RR 0.93 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.98); P = 0.009; I² = 0%; 15 trials; 49,866 participants; moderate quality evidence), but TSA indicates that this finding could be due to random errors. Cancer occurrence was observed in 1918/24,908 (7.7%) recipients of vitamin D₃ versus 1933/24,983 (7.7%) in recipients of control interventions (RR 1.00 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.06); P = 0.88; I² = 0%; 14 trials; 49,891 participants; moderate quality evidence). TSA of the vitamin D₃ trials shows that the futility area is reached after the 10th trial, allowing us to conclude that a possible intervention effect, if any, is lower than a 5% relative risk reduction. Vitamin D₃ decreased cancer mortality (558/22,286 (2.5%) versus 634/22,206 (2.8%); RR 0.88 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.98); P = 0.02; I² = 0%; 4 trials; 44,492 participants; low quality evidence), but TSA indicates that this finding could be due to random errors. Vitamin D₃ combined with calcium increased nephrolithiasis (RR 1.17 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.34); P = 0.02; I² = 0%; 3 trials; 42,753 participants; moderate quality evidence). TSA, however, indicates that this finding could be due to random errors. We did not find any data on health-related quality of life or health economics in the randomised trials included in this review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is currently no firm evidence that vitamin D supplementation decreases or increases cancer occurrence in predominantly elderly community-dwelling women. Vitamin D₃ supplementation decreased cancer mortality and vitamin D supplementation decreased all-cause mortality, but these estimates are at risk of type I errors due to the fact that too few participants were examined, and to risks of attrition bias originating from substantial dropout of participants. Combined vitamin D₃ and calcium supplements increased nephrolithiasis, whereas it remains unclear from the included trials whether vitamin D₃, calcium, or both were responsible for this effect. We need more trials on vitamin D supplementation, assessing the benefits and harms among younger participants, men, and people with low vitamin D status, and assessing longer duration of treatments as well as higher dosages of vitamin D. Follow-up of all participants is necessary to reduce attrition bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Bjelakovic
- Medical Faculty, University of NisDepartment of Internal MedicineZorana Djindjica 81NisSerbia18000
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Department 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University HospitalThe Cochrane Hepato‐Biliary GroupBlegdamsvej 9CopenhagenDenmarkDK‐2100
| | - Lise Lotte Gluud
- Copenhagen University Hospital HvidovreGastrounit, Medical DivisionKettegaards AlleHvidovreDenmark2650
| | - Dimitrinka Nikolova
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Department 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University HospitalThe Cochrane Hepato‐Biliary GroupBlegdamsvej 9CopenhagenDenmarkDK‐2100
| | - Kate Whitfield
- Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University HospitalCopenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Department 7812CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Goran Krstic
- Environmental Health ServicesFraser Health Authority#218 ‐ 610 Sixth StreetNew WestminsterBCCanadaV3L 3C2
| | - Jørn Wetterslev
- Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University HospitalCopenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Department 7812CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Christian Gluud
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Department 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University HospitalThe Cochrane Hepato‐Biliary GroupBlegdamsvej 9CopenhagenDenmarkDK‐2100
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Liu Y, Colditz GA, Cotterchio M, Boucher BA, Kreiger N. Adolescent dietary fiber, vegetable fat, vegetable protein, and nut intakes and breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014. [PMID: 24737167 DOI: 10.1007/s10549‐014‐2953‐3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The importance of early-life exposures in breast cancer development is increasingly recognized. However, limited research has evaluated the relationship between adolescent diet and subsequent risk of breast cancer and reported inconsistent results. This population-based case-control study investigated the associations of dietary fiber, vegetable protein, vegetable fat, and nuts consumed during adolescence with adult breast cancer risk. Women, ages 25-74 years, who were diagnosed with first primary breast cancer between 2002 and 2003, were identified using the Ontario Cancer Registry. Controls were identified through random-digit dialing and age-frequency matched to cases. Diet at ages 10-15 was assessed with a 55-item food frequency questionnaire among 2,865 cases and 3,299 controls. Logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Inverse associations were found between intakes of dietary fiber, vegetable protein, vegetable fat, and nuts during adolescence and breast cancer risk, which persisted after controlling for adult intakes. The ORs (95 % CI) for the highest versus the lowest quintile of intake were 0.66 (0.55-0.78; P trend < 0.0001) for fiber, 0.80 (0.68-0.95; P trend = 0.01) for vegetable protein, 0.74 (0.63-0.87; P trend = 0.002) for vegetable fat, and 0.76 (0.61-0.95 for ≥1 serving/day vs. <1 serving/month intake; P trend = 0.04) for nuts. The reduced risk for adolescent intakes of fiber, vegetable protein, and nuts was largely limited to postmenopausal women (P interaction ≤ 0.05). Dietary fiber, vegetable protein, vegetable fat, and nuts consumed during adolescence were associated with reduced breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8100, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Adolescent dietary fiber, vegetable fat, vegetable protein, and nut intakes and breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 145:461-70. [PMID: 24737167 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-2953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The importance of early-life exposures in breast cancer development is increasingly recognized. However, limited research has evaluated the relationship between adolescent diet and subsequent risk of breast cancer and reported inconsistent results. This population-based case-control study investigated the associations of dietary fiber, vegetable protein, vegetable fat, and nuts consumed during adolescence with adult breast cancer risk. Women, ages 25-74 years, who were diagnosed with first primary breast cancer between 2002 and 2003, were identified using the Ontario Cancer Registry. Controls were identified through random-digit dialing and age-frequency matched to cases. Diet at ages 10-15 was assessed with a 55-item food frequency questionnaire among 2,865 cases and 3,299 controls. Logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Inverse associations were found between intakes of dietary fiber, vegetable protein, vegetable fat, and nuts during adolescence and breast cancer risk, which persisted after controlling for adult intakes. The ORs (95 % CI) for the highest versus the lowest quintile of intake were 0.66 (0.55-0.78; P trend < 0.0001) for fiber, 0.80 (0.68-0.95; P trend = 0.01) for vegetable protein, 0.74 (0.63-0.87; P trend = 0.002) for vegetable fat, and 0.76 (0.61-0.95 for ≥1 serving/day vs. <1 serving/month intake; P trend = 0.04) for nuts. The reduced risk for adolescent intakes of fiber, vegetable protein, and nuts was largely limited to postmenopausal women (P interaction ≤ 0.05). Dietary fiber, vegetable protein, vegetable fat, and nuts consumed during adolescence were associated with reduced breast cancer risk.
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Csizmadi I, Kelemen LE, Speidel T, Yuan Y, Dale LC, Friedenreich CM, Robson PJ. Are Physical Activity Levels Linked to Nutrient Adequacy? Implications for Cancer Risk. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:214-24. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.868913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
The vitamin D endocrine system regulates a broad variety of independent biological processes, and its deficiency is associated with rickets, bone diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and tuberculosis. Cellular and molecular studies have also shown that it is implicated in the suppression of cancer cell invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Sunlight exposure and consequent increased circulating levels of vitamin D are associated with reduced occurrence and a reduced mortality in different histological types of cancer, including those resident in the skin, prostate, breast, colon, ovary, kidney, and bladder. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) as a steroid hormone superfamily of nuclear receptors is highly expressed in epithelial cells at risk for carcinogenesis, providing a direct molecular link by which vitamin D status impacts on carcinogenesis. Because VDR expression is retained in many human tumors, vitamin D status may be an important modulator of cancer progression in persons living with cancer. The aim of this review is to highlight the relationship between vitamin D, VDR, and cancer, summarizing several mechanisms proposed to explain the potential protective effect of vitamin D against the development and progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayu Wu
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Neng Cao
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Juan Ni
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Abbas S, Linseisen J, Rohrmann S, Chang-Claude J, Peeters PH, Engel P, Brustad M, Lund E, Skeie G, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Boutron-Ruault MC, Clavel-Chapelon F, Fagherazzi G, Kaaks R, Boeing H, Buijsse B, Adarakis G, Ouranos V, Trichopoulou A, Masala G, Krogh V, Mattiello A, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Buckland G, Suárez MVA, Sánchez MJ, Chirlaque MD, Barricarte A, Amiano P, Manjer J, Wirfält E, Lenner P, Sund M, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, van Duijnhoven FJB, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Key TJ, Fedirko V, Romieu I, Gallo V, Norat T, Wark PA, Riboli E. Dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium and breast cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:178-87. [PMID: 23441605 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.752018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies assessing the effects of vitamin D or calcium intake on breast cancer risk have been inconclusive. Furthermore, few studies have evaluated them jointly. This study is the largest so far examining the association of dietary vitamin D and calcium intake with breast cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. During a mean follow-up of 8.8 yr, 7760 incident invasive breast cancer cases were identified among 319,985 women. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of vitamin D intake, HR and 95% CI were 1.07 (0.87-1.32) and 1.02 (0.90-1.16) for pre- and postmenopausal women, respectively. The corresponding HR and 95% CIs for calcium intake were 0.98 (0.80-1.19) and 0.90 (0.79-1.02), respectively. For calcium intake in postmenopausal women, the test for trend was borderline statistically significant (P(trend) = 0.05). There was no significant interaction between vitamin D and calcium intake and cancer risk (P(interaction) = 0.57 and 0.22 in pre- and postmenopausal women, respectively). In this large prospective cohort, we found no evidence for an association between dietary vitamin D or calcium intake and breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Abbas
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Kühn T, Kaaks R, Becker S, Eomois PP, Clavel-Chapelon F, Kvaskoff M, Dossus L, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K, Chang-Claude J, Lukanova A, Buijsse B, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, Lagiou P, Bamia C, Masala G, Krogh V, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Mattiello A, Buckland G, Sánchez MJ, Menéndez V, Chirlaque MD, Barricarte A, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, van Duijnhoven FJ, van Gils CH, Bakker MF, Weiderpass E, Skeie G, Brustad M, Andersson A, Sund M, Wareham N, Khaw KT, Travis RC, Schmidt JA, Rinaldi S, Romieu I, Gallo V, Murphy N, Riboli E, Linseisen J. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the risk of breast cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition: A nested case-control study. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:1689-700. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology; German Cancer Research Center DKFZ; Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology; German Cancer Research Center DKFZ; Heidelberg; Germany
| | | | - Piia-Piret Eomois
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology; German Cancer Research Center DKFZ; Heidelberg; Germany
| | | | | | | | - Anne Tjønneland
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Anja Olsen
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus; Denmark
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology; German Cancer Research Center DKFZ; Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Annekatrin Lukanova
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology; German Cancer Research Center DKFZ; Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Brian Buijsse
- Department of Epidemiology; German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Nuthetal; Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology; German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke; Nuthetal; Germany
| | | | | | - Christina Bamia
- WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics; University of Athens Medical School; Athens; Greece
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit; Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-ISPO; Florence; Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Milano; Italy
| | | | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit; “Civile - M.P.Arezzo” Hospital ASP; Ragusa; Italy
| | - Amalia Mattiello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia; Federico II University; Naples; Italy
| | - Genevieve Buckland
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL); Barcelona; Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carla H. van Gils
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care; University Medical Center; Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | - Marije F. Bakker
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care; University Medical Center; Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | | | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Tromsø; Tromsø; Norway
| | - Magritt Brustad
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Tromsø; Tromsø; Norway
| | - Anne Andersson
- Department of Radiation Sciences; Umeå University; Umeå; Sweden
| | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Sciences; Umeå University; Umeå; Sweden
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit; Institute of Metabolic Science; Cambridge; United Kingdom
| | - Kay Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care; University of Cambridge; Cambridge; United Kingdom
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine; University of Oxford; Oxford; United Kingdom
| | - Julie A. Schmidt
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine; University of Oxford; Oxford; United Kingdom
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section; International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC; Lyon; France
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section; International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC; Lyon; France
| | | | - Neil Murphy
- School of Public Health; Imperial College London; London; United Kingdom
| | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health; Imperial College London; London; United Kingdom
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Abstract
Some evidence suggests that Ca and vitamin D supplements affect cancer risk; however, it is uncertain whether the effects are due to Ca, vitamin D or the combination. We investigated the effect of Ca supplements without co-administered vitamin D on cancer risk. Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, reference lists of meta-analyses and two clinical trial registries were searched for randomised, placebo-controlled trials of Ca supplements ( ≥ 500 mg/d), with ≥ 100 participants and duration >1 year. The lead authors of eligible trials supplied data on cancer outcomes. Trial-level data were analysed using random-effects meta-analyses and patient-level data using Cox proportional hazards models. A total of sixteen trials were eligible, six had no data available, ten provided trial-level data (n 10 496, mean duration 3·9 years), and of these, four provided patient-level data (n 7221, median duration 3·5 years). In the meta-analysis of trial-level data, allocation to Ca did not alter the risk of total cancer (relative risk 0·95, 95 % CI 0·76, 1·18, P= 0·63), colorectal cancer (relative risk 1·38, 95 % CI 0·89, 2·15, P= 0·15), breast cancer (relative risk 1·01, 95 % CI 0·64, 1·59, P= 0·97) or cancer-related mortality (relative risk 0·96, 95 % CI 0·74, 1·24, P= 0·75), but reduced the risk of prostate cancer (relative risk 0·54, 95 % CI 0·30, 0·96, P= 0·03), although there were few events. The meta-analysis of patient-level data showed similar results, with no effect of Ca on the risk of total cancer (hazard ratio 1·07, 95 % CI 0·89, 1·28, P= 0·50). Ca supplements without co-administered vitamin D did not alter total cancer risk over 4 years, although the meta-analysis lacked power to detect very small effects, or those with a longer latency.
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Stoll F, Akladios CY, Mathelin C. [Vitamin D and breast cancer: is there a link?]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 41:242-50. [PMID: 23562418 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to know the relationship between breast cancer and vitamin D, synthesised by skin or brought by food or supplementation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The selected articles were extracted from the Pubmed database between 1998 and 2012. The keywords used were: "25-hydroxyvitamin D", "breast cancer recurrence", "breast cancer risk", "serum levels of vitamin D", "vitamin D intake". A total of 37 articles were selected. RESULTS The sun exposure, via the skin vitamin D synthesis, is associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer. This decrease seems also likely for food contributions and an over 400IU per day vitamin D supplementation. An inverse relationship between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) level and breast cancer risk has been suggested. An increased 25-OH-D level seems associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer recurrence. CONCLUSION Recommendations concerning a vitamin D supplementation could be established, but should be supported by additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Stoll
- Pôle de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital de Hautepierre, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg cedex, France.
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Li J, Koh WP, Jin AZ, Yuan JM, Yu MC, Butler LM. Calcium intake is not related to breast cancer risk among Singapore Chinese women. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:680-6. [PMID: 23319293 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
There is experimental evidence that calcium protects against breast cancer development. Prospective epidemiologic studies supporting a protective effect of calcium on breast cancer risk have mainly been limited to Western populations. We examined the association between calcium intake and breast cancer risk in the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a large population-based prospective cohort. Calcium intake and supplement use was assessed by in-person interviewer using a validated food frequency questionnaire. After a mean follow-up of 14.2±3.5 years, 823 cohort participants developed invasive breast cancer. Multivariate proportional hazards regression models were fitted to examine the associations between calcium intake and breast cancer risk. Vegetables were the primary food source of calcium in this study population, followed by dairy products, grains and soy foods. Calcium intake was not associated with breast cancer risk, comparing highest quartile (>345.6 mg/1,000 kcal/day) to lowest quartile (<204.5 mg/1,000 kcal/day) of intake. There was no evidence of effect modification by menopausal status, body mass index, dietary vitamin D or stage of disease at diagnosis. Our findings do not support a hypothesis for calcium in breast cancer chemoprevention, contrary to findings from previous studies among Western populations with higher calcium intake primarily from dairy products and supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Li
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Lowcock EC, Cotterchio M, Ahmad N. Association between allergies, asthma, and breast cancer risk among women in Ontario, Canada. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:1053-6. [PMID: 23443321 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between allergies, asthma, and breast cancer risk in a large, population-based case-control study. METHODS Breast cancer cases (n = 3,101) were identified using the Ontario Cancer Registry and population controls (n = 3,471) through random digit dialing. Self-reported histories of allergies, hay fever, and asthma were collected by questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between breast cancer risk and history of allergy/hay fever and asthma, with 16 possible confounders examined. Analyses were stratified by menopausal status. RESULTS A history of allergies or hay fever was associated with a small reduction in breast cancer risk [age-adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.86, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.77-0.96] and did not differ by menopausal status. Asthma was not associated with breast cancer risk overall; however, among premenopausal women, asthma was associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer (AOR = 0.72, 95 % CI 0.54-0.97). CONCLUSIONS A history of allergies may be associated with a modest reduction in breast cancer risk. Asthma does not appear to be associated with breast cancer risk overall; however, asthma may be associated with reduced breast cancer risk among premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Lowcock
- Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, 620 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 2L7, Canada.
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Crew KD. Vitamin d: are we ready to supplement for breast cancer prevention and treatment? ISRN ONCOLOGY 2013; 2013:483687. [PMID: 23533810 PMCID: PMC3600307 DOI: 10.1155/2013/483687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a potentially modifiable risk factor that may be targeted for breast cancer prevention and treatment. Preclinical studies support various antitumor effects of vitamin D in breast cancer. Numerous observational studies have reported an inverse association between vitamin D status, including circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, and breast cancer risk. The relationship between vitamin D and mammographic density, a strong predictor of breast cancer risk, remains unclear. Studies analyzing the link between genetic polymorphisms in vitamin D pathway genes and breast cancer incidence and prognosis have yielded inconsistent results. Vitamin D deficiency among breast cancer patients has been associated with poorer clinical outcomes and increased mortality. Despite a number of clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation, the efficacy, optimal dosage of vitamin D, and target blood level of 25(OH)D for breast cancer prevention have yet to be determined. Even with substantial literature on vitamin D and breast cancer, future studies need to focus on gaining a better understanding of the biologic effects of vitamin D in breast tissue. Despite compelling data from experimental and observational studies, there is still insufficient data from clinical trials to make recommendations for vitamin D supplementation for breast cancer prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D. Crew
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Consumption of flaxseed, a rich source of lignans, is associated with reduced breast cancer risk. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:813-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bener A, El Ayoubi HR. The role of vitamin D deficiency and osteoporosis in breast cancer. Int J Rheum Dis 2012; 15:554-61. [PMID: 23253239 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM Epidemiological studies suggest an association between vitamin D and calcium intake and breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the association of breast cancer with vitamin D deficiency and osteoporosis according to menopausal status and to examine vitamin D and bone mineral density (BMD) levels in breast cancer patients. METHODS This was an observational cohort hospital-based study. It included 635 patients with breast cancer. Socio-demographic information, type of consanguinity, menopause status, medical history, lifestyle habits, dietary intake, BMD measurements and vitamin D levels were collected. Descriptive and univariate analyses were performed. RESULTS Of the studied patients, 36.1% were Qataris, 63.9% non-Qatari Arabs, 40% premenopausal women, 20.9% university graduates and 37.2% housewives. Overall, 31.8% of breast cancer women were affected with osteopenia/osteoporosis. Vitamin D deficiency (10.7% vs. 7.9%) and severe vitamin D insufficiency (39.2% vs. 32.5%) were higher in postmenopausal women than premenopausal women (P < 0.001). Low physical activity (< 30 min/day) was observed among vitamin D deficient (46.8%) and osteoporotic (45%) women. Dietary intake of vitamin D was significantly lower in vitamin D deficient women; these included dairy products (33.1%), milk (38.6%), seafood (39.6%), (P < 0.001) and for osteoporotic women, dairy products (46%), calcium (21.3%), milk (36.1%), yoghurt (37.6%), cheese (37.6%) and sea food (34.7%) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The present study findings revealed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and osteoporosis in breast cancer patients. Also, the dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium was significantly lower in breast cancer women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulbari Bener
- Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
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Abstract
Vitamin D insufficiency affects almost 50% of the population worldwide. An estimated 1 billion people worldwide, across all ethnicities and age groups, have a vitamin D deficiency (VDD). This pandemic of hypovitaminosis D can mainly be attributed to lifestyle (for example, reduced outdoor activities) and environmental (for example, air pollution) factors that reduce exposure to sunlight, which is required for ultraviolet-B (UVB)-induced vitamin D production in the skin. High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is a particularly important public health issue because hypovitaminosis D is an independent risk factor for total mortality in the general population. Current studies suggest that we may need more vitamin D than presently recommended to prevent chronic disease. As the number of people with VDD continues to increase, the importance of this hormone in overall health and the prevention of chronic diseases are at the forefront of research. VDD is very common in all age groups. As few foods contain vitamin D, guidelines recommended supplementation at suggested daily intake and tolerable upper limit levels. It is also suggested to measure the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level as the initial diagnostic test in patients at risk for deficiency. Treatment with either vitamin D2 or vitamin D3 is recommended for deficient patients. A meta-analysis published in 2007 showed that vitamin D supplementation was associated with significantly reduced mortality. In this review, we will summarize the mechanisms that are presumed to underlie the relationship between vitamin D and understand its biology and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathish Nair
- Medical Services Department, Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Dietary calcium intake, vitamin D levels, and breast cancer risk: a dose–response analysis of observational studies. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 136:309-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Cescon DW, Ganz PA, Beddows S, Ennis M, Mills BK, Goodwin PJ. Feasibility of a randomized controlled trial of vitamin D vs. placebo in women with recently diagnosed breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 134:759-67. [PMID: 22706631 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Low serum vitamin D levels have been associated with poor outcomes in women diagnosed with early breast cancer. However, no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been performed to determine whether vitamin D supplementation might be an effective intervention in this population. We prospectively evaluated vitamin D adequacy and supplementation rates in a contemporary cross-sectional sample of breast cancer patients from 2 large urban centers and examined the feasibility of an RCT of vitamin D supplementation. Women with recently diagnosed early breast cancer were prospectively identified and recruited in Toronto and Los Angeles between March 2009 and January 2010. Anthropometric measurements, dietary, lifestyle, and medication histories were obtained by means of structured questionnaires and interviews. Tumor and treatment characteristics were abstracted from clinical records and blood samples were collected for analysis of 25-OH vitamin D. 173 eligible patients (median age 57) were enrolled. Clinical and treatment characteristics were similar between centres. 84.4 % of women reported use of vitamin D-containing supplements with median daily doses of 1,400 IU. Median 25-OH vitamin D levels were 85.5 and 98.5 nmol/L (P = 0.1), and levels of deficiency (<50 nmol/L), insufficiency (50-72 nmol/L), and adequacy (>72 nmol/L) were 3.8, 23.8, 72.5 % (Toronto) and 4.3, 20.7, 75 % (Los Angeles). 25-OH vitamin D levels were strongly correlated with vitamin D supplement use (r = 0.41, P < 0.0001). 68 % of women expressed willingness to participate in a vitamin D supplementation RCT; however, only 12.7 % of the study population met the pre-specified feasibility criteria (25-OH vitamin D <72 nmol/L, willing to participate, and taking ≤1,000 IU vitamin D supplement/day). Both vitamin D levels and supplementation rates are higher than in previous reports. While the majority of women would be willing to participate in an RCT of vitamin D supplementation, low levels of deficiency/insufficiency and high rates of supplement use would limit the feasibility of such a study.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Cescon
- Mount Sinai Hospital, 1284-600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
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Rosen CJ, Adams JS, Bikle DD, Black DM, Demay MB, Manson JE, Murad MH, Kovacs CS. The nonskeletal effects of vitamin D: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. Endocr Rev 2012; 33:456-92. [PMID: 22596255 PMCID: PMC3365859 DOI: 10.1210/er.2012-1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significant controversy has emerged over the last decade concerning the effects of vitamin D on skeletal and nonskeletal tissues. The demonstration that the vitamin D receptor is expressed in virtually all cells of the body and the growing body of observational data supporting a relationship of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D to chronic metabolic, cardiovascular, and neoplastic diseases have led to widespread utilization of vitamin D supplementation for the prevention and treatment of numerous disorders. In this paper, we review both the basic and clinical aspects of vitamin D in relation to nonskeletal organ systems. We begin by focusing on the molecular aspects of vitamin D, primarily by examining the structure and function of the vitamin D receptor. This is followed by a systematic review according to tissue type of the inherent biological plausibility, the strength of the observational data, and the levels of evidence that support or refute an association between vitamin D levels or supplementation and maternal/child health as well as various disease states. Although observational studies support a strong case for an association between vitamin D and musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, neoplastic, and metabolic disorders, there remains a paucity of large-scale and long-term randomized clinical trials. Thus, at this time, more studies are needed to definitively conclude that vitamin D can offer preventive and therapeutic benefits across a wide range of physiological states and chronic nonskeletal disorders.
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Lopes N, Paredes J, Costa JL, Ylstra B, Schmitt F. Vitamin D and the mammary gland: a review on its role in normal development and breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:211. [PMID: 22676419 PMCID: PMC3446331 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease associated with diverse biological behaviours and clinical outcome. Although some molecular subgroups of breast cancer have a targeted therapy, the most aggressive tumours still lack a molecular target. Despite vitamin D being classically associated with the physiological role of calcium regulation and phosphate transport in bone metabolism, several studies have demonstrated a wide range of functions for this hormone, which are particularly important in the field of cancer. The mechanisms underlying the protective actions of vitamin D in cancer development are only sparsely understood, but evidence shows that vitamin D participates in cell growth regulation, apoptosis and cell differentiation. In addition, it has been implicated in the suppression of cancer cell invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. Most of vitamin D biological actions are mediated by the vitamin D receptor and the synthesis and catabolism of this hormone are regulated by the enzymes CYP27B1 and CYP24A1. In the present review we highlight research data concerning the function of this hormone in the mammary gland, with a special focus on breast carcinogenesis. Hence, and although the available data are controversial, we consider not only updated information on the epidemiology of vitamin D in breast cancer and its potential value as a therapeutic agent or prophylactic (with an emphasis on molecular mechanisms and effectors of vitamin D action), but include data on its role in other stages of breast cancer progression as well. Accordingly, we review data on the influence of vitamin D in the development of normal breast and the expression of vitamin D-related proteins (VDR, CYP27B1 and CYP24A21) in benign mammary lesions and ductal carcinomas in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nair Lopes
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
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Neuhouser ML, Manson JE, Millen A, Pettinger M, Margolis K, Jacobs ET, Shikany JM, Vitolins M, Adams-Campbell L, Liu S, LeBlanc E, Johnson KC, Wactawski-Wende J. The influence of health and lifestyle characteristics on the relation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with risk of colorectal and breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 2012; 175:673-84. [PMID: 22362582 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors' objective was to discern whether lifestyle or health-related factors were confounders, effect modifiers, or irrelevant with regard to understanding observational associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) with colorectal and breast cancer. The authors conducted nested case-control studies of colorectal cancer (310 cases, 310 controls) and breast cancer (1,080 cases, 1,080 controls) in the Women's Health Initiative Calcium and Vitamin D Clinical Trial (1994-2005). Case-control matching factors included age, latitude, race/ethnicity, and blood collection date. Serum 25(OH)D was assayed in baseline fasting blood. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for each cancer by serum 25(OH)D concentration, comparing the relative effects of successively adding body mass index, physical activity, and other health and lifestyle characteristics particular to each cancer. In models with matching factors only, low (vs. high) serum 25(OH)D was associated with a colorectal cancer odds ratio of 2.72 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.55, 4.77) and a breast cancer odds ratio of 1.33 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.72). In multivariate-adjusted models for colorectal cancer, the association strengthened (OR = 4.45, 95% CI: 1.96, 10.10). However, in multivariate-adjusted breast cancer models, associations were no longer significant (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.78, 1.43). Adjusting for health and lifestyle characteristics has differential effects depending on the cancer site; when modeling such relations, investigators should take these factors into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian L Neuhouser
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.
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Anderson LN, Cotterchio M, Mirea L, Ozcelik H, Kreiger N. Passive cigarette smoke exposure during various periods of life, genetic variants, and breast cancer risk among never smokers. Am J Epidemiol 2012; 175:289-301. [PMID: 22247046 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between passive cigarette smoke exposure and breast cancer risk is inconclusive and may be modified by genotype. The authors investigated lifetime passive cigarette smoke exposures, 36 variants in 12 carcinogen-metabolizing genes, and breast cancer risk among Ontario, Canada, women who had never smoked (2003-2004). DNA (saliva) was available for 920 breast cancer cases and 960 controls. Detailed information about passive smoke exposure was collected for multiple age periods (childhood, teenage years, and adulthood) and environments (home, work, and social). Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by multivariable logistic regression, and statistical interactions were assessed using the likelihood ratio test. Among postmenopausal women, most associations between passive smoke and breast cancer risk were null, whereas among premenopausal women, nonsignificant positive associations were observed. Significant interactions were observed between certain types of passive smoke exposure and genetic variants in CYP2E1, NAT2, and UGT1A7. While these interactions were statistically significant, the magnitudes of the effect estimates were not consistent or easily interpretable, suggesting that they were perhaps due to chance. Although the results of this study were largely null, it is possible that premenopausal women exposed to passive smoke or carrying certain genetic variants may be at higher risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Anderson
- Department of Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Hasan E, Olusi S, Al-Awadhi A, Mokaddem K, Sharma P, George S. Effects of rituximab treatment on the serum concentrations of vitamin D and interleukins 2, 6, 7, and 10 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Biologics 2012; 6:31-5. [PMID: 22355257 PMCID: PMC3280863 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s27840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody that selectively targets CD20-positive B-lymphocytes, is used for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with an inadequate response or tolerance to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of rituximab treatment on the serum concentrations of vitamin D, interleukin (IL) 2, IL-6, IL-7, and IL-10 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Forty-five patients, aged 25–78 years, were enrolled into a cohort prospective study. All patients were treated with intravenous rituximab. Disease activity score-28 (DAS-28) and serum concentrations of rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein (CRP), anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), health assessment questionnaire (HAQ), vitamin D, ILs 2, 6, 7, and 10 were estimated in the patients before and after treatment with rituximab. Results DAS-28, HAQ score, and serum concentrations of CRP, RF, anti-CCP, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, and ESR significantly decreased after treatment. All 45 patients had vitamin D deficiency before treatment and this did not significantly change after treatment. However no significant association was found among serum vitamin D concentration and any of the ILs. Conclusion We concluded from this study that although rituximab treatment of patients with RA significantly reduced their disease activity and serum concentrations of IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, and IL-10, it did not significantly alter their vitamin D status. Furthermore, no significant association was found among serum vitamin D concentration and any of the ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Hasan
- Rheumatic Disease Unit, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait
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Determinants of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and development of prediction models in three US cohorts. Br J Nutr 2012; 108:1889-96. [PMID: 22264926 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511007409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and other evidence suggests that vitamin D may be protective against several chronic diseases. Assessing vitamin D status in epidemiological studies, however, is challenging given finite resources and limitations of commonly used approaches. Using multivariable linear regression, we derived predicted 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) scores based on known determinants of circulating 25(OH)D, including age, race, UV-B radiation flux at residence, dietary and supplementary vitamin D intakes, BMI, physical activity, alcohol intake, post-menopausal hormone use (women only) and season of blood draw, in three nationwide cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study, Nurses' Health Study II and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. The model r 2 for each cohort ranged from 0·25 to 0·33. We validated the prediction models in independent samples of participants from these studies. Mean measured 25(OH)D levels rose with increasing decile of predicted 25(OH)D score, such that the differences in mean measured 25(OH)D between the extreme deciles of predicted 25(OH)D were in the range 8·7-12·3 ng/ml. Substituting predicted 25(OH)D scores for measured 25(OH)D in a previously published case-control analysis of colorectal cancer yielded similar effect estimates with OR of approximately 0·8 for a 10 ng/ml difference in either plasma or predicted 25(OH)D. We conclude that these data provide reasonable evidence that a predicted 25(OH)D score is an acceptable marker for ranking individuals by long-term vitamin D status and may be particularly useful in research settings where biomarkers are not available for the majority of a study population.
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Vitamin D intake, vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, and breast cancer risk among women living in the southwestern U.S. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 132:683-91. [PMID: 22130867 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
No studies of dietary vitamin D intake and vitamin D receptor (VDR) have been conducted comparing breast risk among Hispanic women and non-Hispanic white (NHW) women. We investigated the association between vitamin D intake and breast cancer in a population-based case-control study of 1,527 NHW and 791 Hispanic breast cancer cases diagnosed in 1999-2004 in Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado, and 1,599 NHW and 922 Hispanic age-matched controls. Vitamin D intake was assessed using food frequency questionnaires, and associations with breast cancer were adjusted for age, ethnicity, state, education, body mass index, smoking, age at menarche, age at first birth, parity, hormone exposure, height, and physical activity using logistic regression. BsmI, Poly A and FokI vitamin D receptor (VDR) genotypes were also measured. Dietary vitamin D intake was positively associated with breast cancer (highest vs. lowest quartile (Q (4) vs. Q (1)): odds ratio (OR) = 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15-1.60; P (trend) = 0.003), whereas vitamin D supplement use was inversely associated with breast cancer (10+ μg/day vs. none: OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.65-0.96, P (trend) = 0.01). Similar patterns in risk were observed by ethnicity and menopausal status. Positive associations with dietary vitamin D intake and inverse associations with supplement use were observed for ER+/PR+ and ER-/PR- breast cancers, but not for ER+/PR- disease. BsmI genotype significantly modified the association between dietary vitamin D and breast cancer overall. Future research is needed to better understand potential differences in breast cancer risk by vitamin D source and hormone receptor status.
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Fabian CJ. Vitamin D and Reduction of Breast Cancer Risk. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-011-0052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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