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Nakhaee S, Kooshki A, Hormozi A, Akbari A, Mehrpour O, Farrokhfall K. Cinnamon and cognitive function: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:132-146. [PMID: 36652384 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2166436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamon is the inner bark of trees named Cinnamomum. Studies have shown that cinnamon and its bioactive compounds can influence brain function and affect behavioral characteristics. This study aimed to systematically review studies about the relationship between cinnamon and its key components in memory and learning. Two thousand six hundred five studies were collected from different databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) in September 2021 and went under investigation for eligibility. As a result, 40 studies met our criteria and were included in this systematic review. Among the included studies, 33 were In vivo studies, five were In vitro, and two clinical studies were also accomplished. The main outcome of most studies (n = 40) proved that cinnamon significantly improves cognitive function (memory and learning). In vivo studies showed that using cinnamon or its components, such as eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, and cinnamic acid, could positively alter cognitive function. In vitro studies also showed that adding cinnamon or cinnamaldehyde to a cell medium can reduce tau aggregation, Amyloid β and increase cell viability. For clinical studies, one study showed positive effects, and another reported no changes in cognitive function. Most studies reported that cinnamon might be useful for preventing and reducing cognitive function impairment. It can be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of related diseases. However, more studies need to be done on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Nakhaee
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Alireza Kooshki
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Ali Hormozi
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Aref Akbari
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Omid Mehrpour
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Data Science Institute, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Khadijeh Farrokhfall
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Paules EM, Silva-Gomez JA, Friday WB, Zeisel SH, Trujillo-Gonzalez I. Choline Regulates SOX4 through miR-129-5p and Modifies H3K27me3 in the Developing Cortex. Nutrients 2023; 15:2774. [PMID: 37375678 PMCID: PMC10304412 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline availability regulates neural progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in the developing cerebral cortex. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying this process and demonstrated that choline regulates the transcription factor SOX4 in neural progenitor cells. Specifically, we found that low choline intake during neurogenesis reduces SOX4 protein levels, causing the downregulation of EZH2, a histone methyltransferase. Importantly, we demonstrate that low choline is not involved in SOX4 protein degradation rate and established that protein reduction is caused by aberrant expression of a microRNA (miR-129-5p). To confirm the role of miR-129-5p, we conducted gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays in neural progenitor cells and demonstrated that directly altering miR-129-5p levels could affect SOX4 protein levels. We also observed that the reduction in SOX4 and EZH2 led to decreased global levels of H3K27me3 in the developing cortex, contributing to reduced proliferation and precocious differentiation. For the first time, to our knowledge, we demonstrate that a nutrient, choline, regulates a master transcription factor and its downstream targets, providing a novel insight into the role of choline in brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M. Paules
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; (E.M.P.); (J.A.S.-G.); (W.B.F.); (S.H.Z.)
| | - Jorge A. Silva-Gomez
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; (E.M.P.); (J.A.S.-G.); (W.B.F.); (S.H.Z.)
| | - Walter B. Friday
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; (E.M.P.); (J.A.S.-G.); (W.B.F.); (S.H.Z.)
| | - Steve H. Zeisel
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; (E.M.P.); (J.A.S.-G.); (W.B.F.); (S.H.Z.)
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Isis Trujillo-Gonzalez
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; (E.M.P.); (J.A.S.-G.); (W.B.F.); (S.H.Z.)
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
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Wallace TC, Blusztajn JK, Caudill MA, Klatt KC, Zeisel SH. Choline: The Neurocognitive Essential Nutrient of Interest to Obstetricians and Gynecologists. J Diet Suppl 2019; 17:733-752. [DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2019.1639875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor C. Wallace
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Think Healthy Group, Inc, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jan Krzysztof Blusztajn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie A. Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kevin C. Klatt
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven H. Zeisel
- Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC, USA
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Huang X, Lee EJ, Ahn DU. Development of non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics for an alternative of infant formula using egg white, yolk, and soy proteins. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 32:881-890. [PMID: 30744367 PMCID: PMC6498084 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective A study was conducted to develop non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics using egg white, egg yolk, soy protein and their combinations, and their nutrient content, shelf-life and flavor acceptability were compared. Methods Spray dried egg white, egg yolk, and soy protein isolate were purchased from manufacturers and used for the formulae. Results The protein contents of the non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics were about 8.5% as calculated. The amounts of oleic and linoleic acid content increased as the amount of yolk increased in the formula, but the increases of polyunsaturated fatty acids were <0.5% of total fat. Addition of egg yolk to the formula increased choline and lutein content in the products, but the amounts were <0.4 mg/g for choline and 4 μg/g for lutein. The lutein in the products continued to decrease over the storage time, and only about 15% to 20% of the 0-month amounts were left after 3 months of storage. Although the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values of the spray-dried non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics increased as storage time increased, the values were still low. Yellowness, darkness, and egg flavor/odor of the non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics increased as the amount of egg yolk in the formula increased. The overall acceptability of the non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics was closely related to the intensity of egg flavor/odor, but storage improved their overall acceptance because most of the off-odor volatiles disappeared during the storage. Water temperature was the most important parameter in dissolving spray-dried non-dairy creamer analogs/mimics, and 55°C to 75°C was the optimal water temperature conditions to dissolve them. Conclusion Higher amounts of yolk and soy protein combinations in place of egg white reduced the cost of the products significantly and those products contained better and balanced nutrients than the commercial coffee creamers. However, off-flavor and solubility were two important issues in the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Huang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Egg Processing Technology Local Joint National Engineering Research Center, National R&D Center for Egg Processing, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Eun Joo Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI 54751, USA
| | - Dong U Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Huang X, Ahn DU. How Can the Value and Use of Egg Yolk Be Increased? J Food Sci 2019; 84:205-212. [PMID: 30620779 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The major driving force for the egg consumption in the United States over the past few decades was processed egg. However, the consumption of egg through the processed egg reached the plateau in recent years because of the imbalance in the demands between the egg white and yolk products. The consumer demands for egg white products are very high while those for the egg yolk, the co-product of dried egg white, are low because of the negative perceptions on egg yolk. Two key approaches that can be used to increase the value and use of egg yolk are: (1) developing new commodity products by fractionating egg yolk and apply them in various food processing, and (2) separating functional proteins and lipids from yolk and use them as is or further develop functional peptides and functional lipids and use them as pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical agents. These approaches can diversify the use of egg yolk, which eventually will help increase the consumption of egg. This review (1) discusses the current use of egg yolk products and the development of new functional commodity products from egg yolk, (2) review the important functional components in egg yolk and overview the current separation methods and their applications, (3) discuss the production of functional peptides and lipids using the separated egg proteins and lipids, and (4) suggest the future directions for the best use of egg yolk components. Development of scale-up production methods, which is vital for the practical applications, is discussed when appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Huang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Egg Processing Technology Local Joint Natl. Engineering Research Center, Natl. R&D Center for Egg Processing, Huazhong Agricultural Univ., Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Dong U Ahn
- Animal Science Dept., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA, 50011, U.S.A
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Choline Rescues Behavioural Deficits in a Mouse Model of Rett Syndrome by Modulating Neuronal Plasticity. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3882-3896. [PMID: 30220058 PMCID: PMC6505515 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a postnatal neurodevelopmental disorder that primarily affects girls, with 95% of RTT cases resulting from mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene. Choline, a dietary micronutrient found in most foods, has been shown to be important for brain development and function. However, the exact effects and mechanisms are still unknown. We found that 13 mg/day (1.7 × required daily intake) of postnatal choline treatment to Mecp2-conditional knockout mice rescued not only deficits in motor coordination, but also their anxiety-like behaviour and reduced social preference. Cortical neurons in the brains of Mecp2-conditional knockout mice supplemented with choline showed enhanced neuronal morphology and increased density of dendritic spines. Modelling RTT in vitro by knocking down the expression of the MeCP2 protein with shRNA, we found that choline supplementation to MeCP2-knockdown neurons increased their soma sizes and the complexity of their dendritic arbors. Rescue of the morphological defects could lead to enhanced neurotransmission, as suggested by an observed trend of increased expression of synaptic proteins and restored miniature excitatory postsynaptic current frequency in choline-supplemented MeCP2-knockdown neurons. Through the use of specific inhibitors targeting each of the known physiological pathways of choline, synthesis of phosphatidylcholine from choline was found to be essential in bringing about the changes seen in the choline-supplemented MeCP2-knockdown neurons. Taken together, these data reveal a role of choline in modulating neuronal plasticity, possibly leading to behavioural changes, and hence, a potential for using choline to treat RTT.
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In vitro assessment of nutraceutical compounds and novel nutraceutical formulations in a liver-steatosis-based model. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:24. [PMID: 29402273 PMCID: PMC5800044 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Steatosis is a chronic liver disease that depends on the accumulation of intracellular fatty acids. Currently, no drug treatment has been licensed for steatosis; thus, only nutritional guidelines are indicated to reduce its progression. The aim of this study is to combine different nutraceutical compounds in order to evaluate their synergistic effects on a steatosis in vitro model compared to their separate use. In particular, three different formulations based on silymarin, curcumin, vitamin E, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), choline, and phosphatidylcholine were assayed. Methods Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2 cell line) were treated with a mixture of fatty acids in order to induce an in vitro model of steatosic cells, and then the amount of intracellular fat was evaluated by Oil Red O staining. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ (PPARα and γ) expression, closely correlated to lipid metabolism, was evaluated. The efficiency of these receptors was evaluated through the study of LPL mRNA expression, a marker involved in the lipolysis mechanism. Superoxide dismutase (SOD-2) and malondialdehydes (MDA) in lipid peroxidation were assayed as specific biomarkers of oxidative stress. In addition, experiments were performed using human liver cells stressed to obtain a steatosis model. In particular, the content of the intracellular fat was assayed using Oil Red O staining, the activation of PPARα and γ was evaluated through western blotting analyses, and the LPL mRNA expression level was analyzed through qRT-PCR. Results All formulations proved effective on lipid content reduction of about 35%. The oxidative stress damage was reduced by all the substances separately and even more efficiently by the same in formulation (i.e. Formulation 1 and Formulation 3, which reduced the SOD-2 expression and induced the PPARs activation). Lipid peroxidation, was reduced about 2 fold by foormulation2 and up to 5 fold by the others compared to the cells pretreated with H2O2.Formulation 1, was more effective on PPARγ expression (2.5 fold increase) respect to the other compounds on FA treated hepathocytes. Beside, LPL was activated also by Formulation 3 and resulted in a 5 to 9 fold-increase respect to FA treated control. Conclusions Our results proved that the formulations tested could be considered suitable support to face steatosis disease beside the mandatory dietetic regimen.
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Nickerson CA, Brown AL, Yu W, Chun Y, Glenn MJ. Prenatal choline supplementation attenuates MK-801-induced deficits in memory, motor function, and hippocampal plasticity in adult male rats. Neuroscience 2017; 361:116-128. [PMID: 28790020 PMCID: PMC5605469 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Choline is essential to the development and function of the central nervous system and supplemental choline during development is neuroprotective against a variety of insults, including neurotoxins like dizocilpine (MK-801). MK-801 is an NMDA receptor antagonist that is frequently used in rodent models of psychological disorders, particularly schizophrenia. At low doses, it causes cognitive impairments, and at higher doses it induces motor deficits, anhedonia, and neuronal degeneration. The primary goals of the present study were to investigate whether prenatal choline supplementation protects against the cognitive impairments, motor deficits, and neuropathologies that are precipitated by MK-801 administration in adulthood. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a standard or supplemented choline diet prenatally. Using the novelty preference test of object recognition, we found that only prenatal standard-fed rats displayed memory consolidation deficits induced by low-dose MK-801 administered immediately following study of sample objects; all other groups, including prenatal choline supplemented rats given MK-801, showed intact memory. Following high-dose MK-801, prenatal choline supplementation significantly alleviated rats' motor response to MK-801, particularly ataxia. Using doublecortin and Ki67 to mark neurogenesis and cell division, respectively, in the hippocampus, we found that prenatal choline supplementation, in the face of MK-801 toxicity, protected against reduced hippocampal plasticity. Taken together, the current findings suggest that prenatal choline supplementation protects against a variety of behavioral and neural pathologies induced by the neurotoxin, MK-801. This research contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the robust neuroprotective capacity of choline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A Nickerson
- Department of Biology, Colby College, 5550 Mayflower Hill Dr., Waterville, ME 04901, USA.
| | - Alexandra L Brown
- Department of Psychology, Colby College, 5550 Mayflower Hill Dr., Waterville, ME 04901, USA.
| | - Waylin Yu
- Department of Psychology, Colby College, 5550 Mayflower Hill Dr., Waterville, ME 04901, USA.
| | - Yoona Chun
- Department of Biology, Colby College, 5550 Mayflower Hill Dr., Waterville, ME 04901, USA.
| | - Melissa J Glenn
- Department of Psychology, Colby College, 5550 Mayflower Hill Dr., Waterville, ME 04901, USA.
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Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life. However, there is insufficient information about the concentration of nutrients in human milk. For some nutrients, including B-vitamins, maternal intake affects their concentration in human milk but the extent to which inadequate maternal diets affect milk B-vitamin content is poorly documented. Little is known about infant requirements for B-vitamins; recommendations are generally set as Adequate Intakes (AI) calculated on the basis of the mean volume of milk (0.78 L/day) consumed by infants exclusively fed with human milk from well-nourished mothers during the first six months, and the concentration of each vitamin in milk based on reported values. Methods used for analyzing B-vitamins, commonly microbiological, radioisotope dilution or more recently chromatographic, coupled with UV, fluorometric and MS detection, have rarely been validated for the complex human milk matrix. Thus the validity, accuracy, and sensitivity of analytical methods is important for understanding infant requirements for these nutrients, the maternal intakes needed to support adequate concentrations in breast milk. This review summarizes current knowledge on methods used for analyzing the B-vitamins thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B-6 and pantothenic acid, vitamin B-12, folate, biotin, and choline in human milk, their chemical and physical properties, the different forms and changes in concentration during lactation, and the effects of deficiency on the infant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsay H Allen
- a USDA, ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center , Davis , California , USA
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10
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Mazul AL, Siega-Riz AM, Weinberg CR, Engel SM, Zou F, Carrier KS, Basta PV, Vaksman Z, Maris JM, Diskin SJ, Maxen C, Naranjo A, Olshan AF. A family-based study of gene variants and maternal folate and choline in neuroblastoma: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Cancer Causes Control 2016; 27:1209-18. [PMID: 27541142 PMCID: PMC5025391 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-016-0799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer of the sympathetic nervous system with embryonic origins. Previous epidemiologic studies suggest maternal vitamin supplementation during pregnancy reduces the risk of neuroblastoma. We hypothesized offspring and maternal genetic variants in folate-related and choline-related genes are associated with neuroblastoma and modify the effects of maternal intake of folate, choline, and folic acid. METHODS The Neuroblastoma Epidemiology in North America (NENA) study recruited 563 affected children and their parents through the Children's Oncology Group's Childhood Cancer Research Network. We used questionnaires to ascertain pre-pregnancy supplementation and estimate usual maternal dietary intake of folate, choline, and folic acid. We genotyped 955 genetic variants related to folate or choline using DNA extracted from saliva samples and used a log-linear model to estimate both child and maternal risk ratios and stratum-specific risk ratios for gene-environment interactions. RESULTS Overall, no maternal or offspring genotypic results met criteria for a false discovery rate (FDR) Q-value <0.2. Associations were also null for gene-environment interaction with pre-pregnancy vitamin supplementation, dietary folic acid, and folate. FDR-significant gene-choline interactions were found for offspring SNPs rs10489810 and rs9966612 located in MTHFD1L and TYMS, respectively, with maternal choline dietary intake dichotomized at the first quartile. CONCLUSION These results suggest that variants related to one-carbon metabolism are not strongly associated with neuroblastoma. Choline-related variants may play a role; however, the functional consequences of the interacting variants are unknown and require independent replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Mazul
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Campus Box 7435, 2106 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA.
| | - Anna Maria Siega-Riz
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Campus Box 7435, 2106 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie M Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Campus Box 7435, 2106 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn S Carrier
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Campus Box 7435, 2106 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
| | - Patricia V Basta
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Campus Box 7435, 2106 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
- Biospecimen Processing Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zalman Vaksman
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharon J Diskin
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charlene Maxen
- Showers Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorder, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Arlene Naranjo
- Department of Biostatistics, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health & Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Campus Box 7435, 2106 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
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Pauwels S, Duca RC, Devlieger R, Freson K, Straetmans D, Van Herck E, Huybrechts I, Koppen G, Godderis L. Maternal Methyl-Group Donor Intake and Global DNA (Hydroxy)Methylation before and during Pregnancy. Nutrients 2016; 8:E474. [PMID: 27509522 PMCID: PMC4997387 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is still unclear to which extent methyl-group intake during pregnancy can affect maternal global DNA (hydroxyl)methylation. Pregnancy methylation profiling and its link with methyl-group intake in a healthy population could enhance our understanding of the development of pregnancy related disorders. One hundred forty-eight women were enrolled in the MANOE (MAternal Nutrition and Offspring's Epigenome) study. Thiry-four women were enrolled before pregnancy and 116 during the first trimester of pregnancy. Global DNA (hydroxy)methylation in blood using LC-MS/MS and dietary methyl-group intake (methionine, folate, betaine, and choline) using a food-frequency questionnaire were estimated pre-pregnancy, during each trimester, and at delivery. Global DNA (hydroxy)methylation levels were highest pre-pregnancy and at weeks 18-22 of pregnancy. We observed a positive relation between folic acid and global DNA methylation (p = 0.04) and hydroxymethylation (p = 0.04). A high intake of methionine pre-pregnancy and in the first trimester showed lower (hydroxy)methylation percentage in weeks 11-13 and weeks 18-22, respectively. Choline and betaine intake in the first weeks was negatively associated with hydroxymethylation. Women with a high intake of these three methyl groups in the second and third trimester showed higher hyrdoxymethylation/methylation levels in the third trimester. To conclude, a time trend in DNA (hydroxy)methylation was found and women with higher methyl-group intake showed higher methylation in the third trimester, and not in earlier phases of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pauwels
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok D box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- Flemish Institute of Technological Research (VITO), Unit Environmental Risk and Health, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Radu Corneliu Duca
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok D box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Roland Devlieger
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kathleen Freson
- KU Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, UZ Herestraat 49-box 911, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Dany Straetmans
- AML Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Erik Van Herck
- KU Leuven, Unit Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UZ Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
| | - Gurdun Koppen
- Flemish Institute of Technological Research (VITO), Unit Environmental Risk and Health, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Lode Godderis
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok D box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
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Machado MV, Cortez-Pinto H. Diet, Microbiota, Obesity, and NAFLD: A Dangerous Quartet. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:481. [PMID: 27043550 PMCID: PMC4848937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the importance of the gut-liver-adipose tissue axis has become evident. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic disease of a systemic metabolic disorder that radiates from energy-surplus induced adiposopathy. The gut microbiota has tremendous influences in our whole-body metabolism, and is crucial for our well-being and health. Microorganisms precede humans in more than 400 million years and our guest flora evolved with us in order to help us face aggressor microorganisms, to help us maximize the energy that can be extracted from nutrients, and to produce essential nutrients/vitamins that we are not equipped to produce. However, our gut microbiota can be disturbed, dysbiota, and become itself a source of stress and injury. Dysbiota may adversely impact metabolism and immune responses favoring obesity and obesity-related disorders such as insulin resistance/diabetes mellitus and NAFLD. In this review, we will summarize the latest evidence of the role of microbiota/dysbiota in diet-induced obesity and NAFLD, as well as the potential therapeutic role of targeting the microbiota in this set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Verdelho Machado
- Departamento de Gastrenterologia, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte (CHLN), 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Helena Cortez-Pinto
- Departamento de Gastrenterologia, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte (CHLN), 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Moco S, Ross AB. Can We Use Metabolomics to Understand Changes to Gut Microbiota Populations and Function? A Nutritional Perspective. MOLECULAR AND INTEGRATIVE TOXICOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-6539-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wolf MJ, Adili A, Piotrowitz K, Abdullah Z, Boege Y, Stemmer K, Ringelhan M, Simonavicius N, Egger M, Wohlleber D, Lorentzen A, Einer C, Schulz S, Clavel T, Protzer U, Thiele C, Zischka H, Moch H, Tschöp M, Tumanov AV, Haller D, Unger K, Karin M, Kopf M, Knolle P, Weber A, Heikenwalder M. Metabolic activation of intrahepatic CD8+ T cells and NKT cells causes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver cancer via cross-talk with hepatocytes. Cancer Cell 2014; 26:549-64. [PMID: 25314080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 493] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the fastest rising cancer in the United States and increasing in Europe, often occurs with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Mechanisms underlying NASH and NASH-induced HCC are largely unknown. We developed a mouse model recapitulating key features of human metabolic syndrome, NASH, and HCC by long-term feeding of a choline-deficient high-fat diet. This induced activated intrahepatic CD8(+) T cells, NKT cells, and inflammatory cytokines, similar to NASH patients. CD8(+) T cells and NKT cells but not myeloid cells promote NASH and HCC through interactions with hepatocytes. NKT cells primarily cause steatosis via secreted LIGHT, while CD8(+) and NKT cells cooperatively induce liver damage. Hepatocellular LTβR and canonical NF-κB signaling facilitate NASH-to-HCC transition, demonstrating that distinct molecular mechanisms determine NASH and HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Julia Wolf
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Arlind Adili
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Kira Piotrowitz
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn 53125, Germany
| | - Zeinab Abdullah
- Institutes of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53105, Germany
| | - Yannick Boege
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Stemmer
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München & Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich 81657, Germany
| | - Marc Ringelhan
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich 81675, Germany; Second Medical Department, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich 81657, Germany
| | - Nicole Simonavicius
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Michèle Egger
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Wohlleber
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Anna Lorentzen
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Claudia Einer
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Sabine Schulz
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Thomas Clavel
- Junior Group Intestinal Microbiome, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan 85350, Germany; Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biofunctionality Unit, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan 85350, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Christoph Thiele
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn 53125, Germany
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Holger Moch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München & Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich 81657, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biofunctionality Unit, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan 85350, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Percy Knolle
- Institutes of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53105, Germany; Institute of Molecular Immunology, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Achim Weber
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland.
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich 81675, Germany.
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Ross AB, Zangger A, Guiraud SP. Cereal foods are the major source of betaine in the Western diet – Analysis of betaine and free choline in cereal foods and updated assessments of betaine intake. Food Chem 2014; 145:859-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ross AB, Godin JP, Minehira K, Kirwan JP. Increasing whole grain intake as part of prevention and treatment of nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:585876. [PMID: 23762052 PMCID: PMC3670556 DOI: 10.1155/2013/585876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In conjunction with the rise in rates of obesity, there has been an increase in the rate of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). While NAFLD at least partially originates from poor diet, there is a lack of nutritional recommendations for patients with suspected or confirmed diagnosis of NAFLD, beyond eating a healthy diet, increasing physical activity, and emphasising weight loss. The limited current literature suggests that there may be opportunities to provide more tailored dietary advice for people diagnosed with or at risk of NAFLD. Epidemiological studies consistently find associations between whole grain intake and a reduced risk of obesity and related diseases, yet no work has been done on the potential of whole grains to prevent and/or be a part of the treatment for fatty liver diseases. In this review, we examine the potential and the current evidence for whole grains having an impact on NAFLD. Due to their nutrient and phytochemical composition, switching from consuming mainly refined grains to whole grains should be considered as part of the nutritional guidelines for patients diagnosed with or at risk for fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair B. Ross
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers chez les Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
- Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Kaori Minehira
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers chez les Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - John P. Kirwan
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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