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Reyes-García A, López-Olmedo N, Basto-Abreu A, Shamah-Levy T, Barrientos-Gutierrez T. Adherence to the DASH diet by hypertension status in Mexican men and women: A cross-sectional study. Prev Med Rep 2022; 27:101803. [PMID: 35656216 PMCID: PMC9152786 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving dietary patterns is a cornerstone of the non-pharmacological management of hypertension. Evidence about the adherence to healthy dietary patterns at the population level is scarce. We aimed to analyze the adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet among Mexican men and women by hypertension status. We used data from the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (n = 2560). Using self-reported diagnosis of hypertension and blood pressure measurements, we identified participants without, with undiagnosed, and diagnosed hypertension. We calculated DASH scores (total and dietary components) based on a single 24-hour recall and analyzed differences in adherence across hypertension status using sex-specific multivariable Poisson regression models. Overall, regardless of hypertension status, adherence to the DASH score was low, with 35% of men and 38% of women with diagnosed hypertension adhering to recommended guidelines; lower adherence was observed in men (21.8%) and women (27.2%) with undiagnosed hypertension, and with no hypertension (26.8% in men, 26.3% in women). In multivariable models for men, the prevalence of adherence to the total DASH diet was 29% lower in undiagnosed adults versus adults without hypertension (RP 0.71; 95%CI 0.50,0.99). Specifically, adherence to fruits, total dairy, and animal protein was lower in undiagnosed men. Among women, the adherence to the DASH diet was similar across hypertension status in multivariable models. Mexican adults had low adherence to DASH, regardless of hypertension status. Strategies to improve adherence to DASH are needed, focusing in patients with hypertension but also as a preventive measure for the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Reyes-García
- Center for Population Health Research. National Institute of Public Health. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Nancy López-Olmedo
- Center for Population Health Research. National Institute of Public Health. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ana Basto-Abreu
- Center for Population Health Research. National Institute of Public Health. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Evaluation and Surveys Research Center. National Institute of Public Health. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Gong QH, Li SX, Wang SJ, Zhang Y. Self-reported eating speed is associated with overweight among Chinese schoolchildren: a cross-sectional survey. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1297-1302. [PMID: 34260052 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the association between eating speed and overweight in Chinese schoolchildren. METHODS In all, 664 schoolchildren (10-12 years) from three primary schools participated in this study in China. Their height and body weight were measured. Information about eating speed and other lifestyle behaviors were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for overweight. RESULTS Data from 629 students were analyzed. 26.2% of participants reported they were eating fast. The prevalence of overweight (including obesity) was 22.9%, and the mean of sleep duration was 9.69 (SD = 0.63) hours (Table 1). In the multiple linear regression analysis, slower eating speed was independently associated with lower BMI (B = - 0.70, 95% CI - 1.26 to - 0.14) and TG (B = - 0.16, 95% CI - 0.28 to - 0.04). In addition, participants who ate fast were more likely to be overweight (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.19-2.75) after adjusting for potential confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that eating fast is associated with overweight among Chinese school children. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Cross-section descriptive study, Level V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hai Gong
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Si-Xuan Li
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Si-Jia Wang
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
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Mathiesen S, Moula-Stahli D, Byrne D, Wang Q. Leaving your comfort zone for healthier eating? Situational factors influence the desire to eat comfort food and simulated energy intake. Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dinner-to-bed time is independently associated with overweight/obesity in Chinese school-aged children. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:2657-2663. [PMID: 33587278 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Little is known about the association between dinner-to-bed time and obesity. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the relationships between dinner-to-bed and overweight/obesity in Chinese school-aged children in Ningbo, China. METHODS Data of this study were based on 1667 schoolchildren (14-15 years) from 14 primary schools participated in this study in China. Anthropometric measurement of height, body weight and waist circumference (WC) was performed. Information about meal duration and other lifestyle behaviors was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression model was performed to assess the association between dinner-to-bed time and overweight/obesity. Restricted cubic spline regression was drawn to evaluate the shape of the relation between dinner-bed-time and the odds of overweight. RESULTS Among the study participants, the prevalence of overweight was 17.6%, and the mean of dinner-to-bed time was 4.26 (0.93) h. In the logistic regression analysis, participants who had dinner-to-bed time less than 3 h or 3.01 ~ ≦ 4.00 h are more likely to be overweight (OR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.10-3.42; OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.03-2.65, respectively) or characterised by abdominal obesity (OR = 3.03, 95% CI 1.86-4.95; OR = 2.61, 95% CI 1.73-3.92, respectively) compared with dinner-to-bed time more than 5 h. In addition, long dinner-to-bed time was associated with lower risks of overweight (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.70-0.97) and abdominal obesity (OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.54-0.73). The cubic spline regression analysis showed that the association between dinner-to-bed time and overweight/abdominal obesity seems to be a linear. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that short dinner-to-bed time is associated with an increased likelihood of being overweight or characterised by abdominal obesity among Chinese school-aged children. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V; cross-section descriptive study.
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Kalyoncu ZB, Demir AU, Ayaz A. Culinary acculturation assessment inventory (CAAI): Construction and validation in first generation immigrant consumers in Turkey. Food Qual Prefer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Abstract
Many molecular, physiological and behavioural processes display distinct 24-hour rhythms that are directed by the circadian system. The master clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus region of the hypothalamus, is synchronized or entrained by the light-dark cycle and, in turn, synchronizes clocks present in peripheral tissues and organs. Other environmental cues, most importantly feeding time, also synchronize peripheral clocks. In this way, the circadian system can prepare the body for predictable environmental changes such as the availability of nutrients during the normal feeding period. This Review summarizes existing knowledge about the diurnal regulation of gastrointestinal processes by circadian clocks present in the digestive tract and its accessory organs. The circadian control of gastrointestinal digestion, motility, hormones and barrier function as well as of the gut microbiota are discussed. An overview is given of the interplay between different circadian clocks in the digestive system that regulate glucose homeostasis and lipid and bile acid metabolism. Additionally, the bidirectional interaction between the master clock and peripheral clocks in the digestive system, encompassing different entraining factors, is described. Finally, the possible behavioural adjustments or pharmacological strategies for the prevention and treatment of the adverse effects of chronodisruption are outlined.
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Impact of Meal Timing and Chronotype on Food Reward and Appetite Control in Young Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051506. [PMID: 32455860 PMCID: PMC7284983 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Early meal timing and chronotype are associated with lower BMI, but their impact on appetite is poorly understood. We examined the impact of meal timing and chronotype on appetite and food reward. Forty-four adults were divided into early (EC; Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) score = 55 ± 5) or late chronotype (LC; MEQ score = 40 ± 6) and assessed for body mass index, habitual energy intake (EI; three-day online dietary record) and eating behavior traits from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ). Participants attended the laboratory after ≥3 h fast on two occasions for early (AM; 8–10 a.m.) and late (PM; 4–6 p.m.) counterbalanced testing sessions in a 2 × 2 design. Appetite ratings and food reward (validated diurnal Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire) were measured in response to a standardized test meal. LC was associated with higher BMI (p = 0.01), but not with EI or TFEQ. The composite appetite score was lower in AM than PM (MΔ= −5 (95% CI −10, −0.2) mm, p = 0.040). Perceived test meal fillingness was higher in AM than PM and EC compared to LC (p ≤ 0.038). Liking and wanting high-fat food were lower in AM than PM (p ≤ 0.004). The late chronotype was associated with greater desire for high-fat food (p = 0.006). To conclude, early meal timing and early chronotype are independently associated with smaller appetite and lower desire for high-fat food.
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Effect of a chronotype-adjusted diet on weight loss effectiveness: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:1041-1048. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Obesity and Circadian Cycle of Sleep and Wakefulness: Common Points and Prospects of Therapy. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2020. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2020-5.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity in recent years has assumed the character of a non-communicable epidemic. Wherein, the standard approaches for its treatment are not always successful. Meanwhile, obesity remains one of the main causes of the formation of a number of some serious diseases, such as cardiovascular, diabetes, cancer, etc. and death from them. In search of alternative and more adequate methods of obesity treatment and preventing its complications, recent studies are aimed at further identifying new associations and revealing the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying excessive weight gain. It should be noted an increasing amount of chronobiological studies that raised awareness of the key role of the body’s circadian rhythms and its main regulator, melatonin, responsible for the temporary organization of the main physiological (including metabolism) processes throughout the 24-h day, in the development and progression of obesity. This review is devoted to the consideration of mutually directed interactions between the circadian system and metabolism; attempts have been made to explain the role of sleep-wake cycle disruptions in the excess accumulation of adipose tissue and the formation of obesity and its comorbidities, as well as detailed therapeutic principles based on normalizing disruption of body clocks using time-coordinated approaches to food intake, physical activity, the effects of non-drug methods and pharmacological substances (chronobiotics), which represents a novel and promising ways to prevent or treat obesity and associated diseases.
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Chun H, Kim GD, Doo M. Differences in the Association Among the Vitamin D Concentration, Dietary Macronutrient Consumption, and Metabolic Syndrome Depending on Pre- and Postmenopausal Status in Korean Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3601-3609. [PMID: 33116711 PMCID: PMC7553659 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s275847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To assess whether the consumption of dietary macronutrient could change metabolic syndrome (MetS) related to vitamin D deficiency according to menopausal status. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN In a cross-sectional study of 8326 Korean women from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V (2010-2012), we investigated the combined interaction effect of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration and menopausal status on MetS-related variables. RESULTS The prevalence rates of 25(OH)D deficiency (vitamin D <50 nmol/L) among premenopausal and postmenopausal women were 84.5% and 67.9%, respectively. Significant differences in MetS-related variables such as body mass index (P<0.001), waist circumference (P=0.005), fast glucose (P=0.048), triglycerides (P=0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.027) based on 25(OH)D concentration were observed among postmenopausal women but not among premenopausal women. Among the postmenopausal women with high consumption of dietary carbohydrate, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) [95% confidence intervals (95% CIs)] of MetS among participants with 25(OH)D deficiency increased 1.380-fold (95% CI = 1.086-1.753) using the 25(OH)D-sufficient group as a reference. In contrast, the participants with 25(OH)D deficiency showed an increased risk of MetS [OR (95% CI) = 1.313 (1.041-1.655)] with low-fat consumption. However, the aforementioned findings did not differ among premenopausal women. CONCLUSION Thus, MetS due to 25(OH)D deficiency among postmenopausal women may be modified by the consumption of dietary macronutrient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Chun
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Dae Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, Changwon, Gyeongnam51767, Republic of Korea
| | - Miae Doo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Jeonbuk54150, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: Miae Doo Department of Food and Nutrition, Kunsan National University, Daehak-Ro 558, Gunsan, Jeonbuk54150, Republic of KoreaTel +82-63-469-4635Fax +82-63-469-2085 Email
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11
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Loy SL, Cheung YB, Colega MT, Chia A, Han CY, Godfrey KM, Chong YS, Shek LPC, Tan KH, Lek N, Chan JKY, Chong MFF, Yap F. Associations of Circadian Eating Pattern and Diet Quality with Substantial Postpartum Weight Retention. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112686. [PMID: 31698715 PMCID: PMC6893719 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides food quantity and quality, food timing and frequency may contribute to weight regulation. It is unclear if these factors during pregnancy can influence maternal weight retention after childbirth. We thus aimed to examine the associations of maternal circadian eating pattern and diet quality in pregnancy with substantial postpartum weight retention (PPWR) at 18 months in an Asian cohort. We assessed circadian eating pattern and diet quality of 687 women using 24-h dietary recalls at 26–28 weeks’ gestation. We calculated PPWR by subtracting maternal weight in the first trimester from weight at 18-month postpartum and defined substantial PPWR as ≥5 kg weight retention. Multivariable binary logistic regression was performed. Overall, 16% of women had substantial PPWR. After the confounders adjustment, night eating, defined by greater night-time caloric intake (odds ratio 1.95; 95% confidence interval 1.05, 3.62), and lower diet quality, classified by median score of the Healthy Eating Index (1.91; 1.17, 3.10), were independently associated with higher odds of substantial PPWR. No associations with substantial PPWR were observed for night fasting duration and number of eating episodes. In conclusion, alignment of eating time with day–night cycles and diet quality during pregnancy may play a role in PPWR, with possible implications for long-term obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- See Ling Loy
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore;
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (K.H.T.); (N.L.)
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore; (M.T.C.); (Y.-S.C.); (L.P.-C.S.); (M.F.-F.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.L.L.); (F.Y.)
| | - Yin Bun Cheung
- Programme in Health Services & Systems Research and Center for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Arvo Ylpönkatu 34 (ARVO B235), 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Marjorelee T. Colega
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore; (M.T.C.); (Y.-S.C.); (L.P.-C.S.); (M.F.-F.C.)
| | - Airu Chia
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Chad Yixian Han
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Nursing and Health Science, Flinders University, Sturt Rd, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia;
- Department of Dietetics, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK;
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore; (M.T.C.); (Y.-S.C.); (L.P.-C.S.); (M.F.-F.C.)
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Lynette Pei-Chi Shek
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore; (M.T.C.); (Y.-S.C.); (L.P.-C.S.); (M.F.-F.C.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 12, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (K.H.T.); (N.L.)
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Ngee Lek
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (K.H.T.); (N.L.)
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Jerry Kok Yen Chan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore;
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (K.H.T.); (N.L.)
| | - Mary Foong-Fong Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore; (M.T.C.); (Y.-S.C.); (L.P.-C.S.); (M.F.-F.C.)
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (K.H.T.); (N.L.)
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Correspondence: (S.L.L.); (F.Y.)
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Influence of Eating Schedule on the Postprandial Response: Gender Differences. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020401. [PMID: 30769861 PMCID: PMC6412254 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ingestion of a meal induces conscious sensations depending of the characteristics of the meal and the predisposition of the eater. We hypothesized that the eating schedule plays a conditioning role, specifically, that an extemporaneous meal is less rewarding than when eaten at the habitual schedule. We conducted a randomized parallel trial in 10 women and 10 men comparing the responses to a consistent savoury lunch-type meal (stewed beans) eaten at the habitual afternoon schedule or at an unconventional time in the morning. Schedule and gender differences were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of covariance. In women, the sensory experience induced by the probe meal, particularly postprandial satisfaction, was weaker when eaten at an unconventional time for breakfast. Men were resilient to the schedule effect and experienced the same sensations regardless of the timing of ingestion; the effect of the eating schedule was significantly more pronounced in women for fullness (F(1,55) = 14.9; p < 0.001), digestive well-being (F(1,36.8) = 22.3; p < 0.001), mood (F(1,12.4) = 13.8; p < 0.001), and anxiety (F(1,11.9) = 10.9; p = 0.001). No differences in the physiological responses induced by the afternoon and morning meals were detected either in women or men. Our data indicate that women are more susceptible to changes in meal schedule than men.
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Goutzourelas N, Orfanou M, Charizanis I, Leon G, Spandidos DA, Kouretas D. GSH levels affect weight loss in individuals with metabolic syndrome and obesity following dietary therapy. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:635-642. [PMID: 30116319 PMCID: PMC6090313 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of redox status markers on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity before and after dietary intervention and exercise for weight loss. A total of 103 adults suffering from MetS and obesity participated in this study and followed a personalized diet plan for 6 months. Body weight, body fat (BF) percentage (BF%), respiratory quotient (RQ) and the redox status markers, reduced glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls (CARB), were measured twice in each individual, before and after intervention. Dietary intervention resulted in weight loss, a reduction in BF% and a decrease in RQ. The GSH levels were significantly decreased following intervention, while the levels of TBARS and CARB were not affected. Based on the initial GSH levels, the patients were divided into 2 groups as follows: The high GSH group (GSH, >3.5 µmol/g Hb) and the low GSH group (GSH <3.5 µmol/g Hb). Greater weight and BF loss were observed in patients with high GSH levels. It was observed that patients with MetS and obesity with high GSH values responded better to the dietary therapy, exhibiting more significant changes in weight and BF%. This finding underscores the importance of identifying redox status markers, particularly GSH, in obese patients with MetS. Knowing the levels of GSH may aid in developing a better design of an individualized dietary plan for individuals who wish to lose weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Goutzourelas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece.,Eatwalk IKE, 15124 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, University of Crete, Medical School, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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Woodie LN, Luo Y, Wayne MJ, Graff EC, Ahmed B, O'Neill AM, Greene MW. Restricted feeding for 9h in the active period partially abrogates the detrimental metabolic effects of a Western diet with liquid sugar consumption in mice. Metabolism 2018; 82:1-13. [PMID: 29253490 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major public health concern that can result from diets high in fat and sugar, including sugar sweetened beverages. A proposed treatment for dietary-induced obesity is time-restricted feeding (TRF), which restricts consumption of food to specific times of the 24-hour cycle. Although TRF shows great promise to prevent obesity and the development of chronic disease, the effects of TRF to reverse metabolic changes and the development of NAFLD in animal models of a Western diet with sugary water consumption is not known. OBJECTIVE The objective of the current study was to evaluate the role of TRF in the treatment of obesity and NAFLD through examination of changes in metabolic and histopathologic parameters. METHODS To better understand the role of TRF in the treatment of obesity and NAFLD, we investigated the metabolic phenotype and NAFLD parameters in a mouse model of NAFLD in which obesity and liver steatosis are induced by a Western Diet (WD): a high-fat diet of lard, milkfat and Crisco with sugary drinking water. Mice were subjected to a short-term (4-weeks) and long-term (10-weeks) TRF in which food was restricted to 9h at night. RESULTS Prior to TRF treatment, the WD mice had increased body mass, and exhibited less activity, and higher average daytime energy expenditure (EE) than chow fed mice. Approximately 4- and 10-weeks following TFR treatment, WD-TRF had moderate but not statistically significant weight loss compared to WD-ad libitum (WD-AL) mice. There was a modest but significant reduction in the inguinal adipose tissue weight in both WD-TRF groups compared to the WD-AL groups; however, there was no difference in epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue mass or adipocyte size distribution. In contrast, the diet-induced increase in normalized liver tissue weight, hepatic triglyceride, and NAFLD score was partially abrogated in the 4-week WD-TRF mice, while systemic insulin resistance was partially abrogated and glucose intolerance was completely abrogated in the 10-week WD-TRF mice. Importantly, WD-induced metabolic dysfunction (substrate utilization, energy expenditure, and activity) was partially abrogated by 4- and 10-week TRF. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that TRF aids in reducing the detrimental metabolic effects of consuming a WD with sugary drinking water but does not ameliorate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Woodie
- Department of Nutrition, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Yuwen Luo
- Department of Nutrition, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Michael J Wayne
- Department of Nutrition, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Emily C Graff
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Bulbul Ahmed
- Department of Nutrition, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Ann Marie O'Neill
- Department of Biology, Auburn University Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36117, USA.
| | - Michael W Greene
- Department of Nutrition, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Akyol A, Ayaz A, Inan-Eroglu E, Cetin C, Samur G. Impact of three different plate colours on short-term satiety and energy intake: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr J 2018; 17:46. [PMID: 29679981 PMCID: PMC5911375 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plate colour was previously shown to alter the amount of food consumption due to its environmental effect on food intake. However, different studies have indicated that the effect of plate colour cannot be generalized. In light of this finding, the main objective of this study was to determine whether food consumption during an open buffet meal was different when using same-sized white, red or black plates. Methods This study was a crossover study conducted with 54 female participants aged 18–30 years with normal BMIs. On experimental days, participants ate a standard breakfast and were then randomly assigned to eat ad libitum lunch (pasta with tomato sauce and soft drinks) using white, red or black plates. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores on satiety outcomes were measured for all meals. Energy and macronutrient intake during lunch was recorded. Results The results showed that plate colour exerted a significant effect on food intake during the test days (p = 0.021). The average total energy intake with red (1102.16 ± 47.12 kcal, p = 0.05) and black plates (1113.19 ± 47.12 kcal, p = 0.034) was significantly increased when compared to that with white plates (945.72 ± 47.12 kcal). There were no differences between red and black plates (p = 0.985). Overall, mean VAS scores did not indicate a significant difference between the groups. Conclusions Plate colour may be a crucial determinant of energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Akyol
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Aylin Ayaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Inan-Eroglu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cansu Cetin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulhan Samur
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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Protective effects of Chinese Fenggang zinc selenium tea on metabolic syndrome in high-sucrose-high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3528. [PMID: 29476111 PMCID: PMC5824815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21913-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective effect of zinc selenium tea against metabolic syndrome (MetS) was tested by using a high-sucrose-high-fat diet (HSHFD)-induced MetS model. Fifty Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal diet (C-group), HSHFD (CH-group), HSHFD + green tea (0.24 g/kg/day) (TH-group), HSHFD + low-dose zinc selenium organic tea (0.24 g/kg/day) (ZTHL-group), and HSHFD + high-dose zinc selenium organic tea (1.20 g/kg/day) (ZTHH-group). After 8 weeks, compared to both the C-group and CH-group, the hepatosomatic index (HI) was significantly reduced in the ZTHL-group (p < 0.05). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were highest in the TH-group, followed by the CH-group, then the ZTHL-group, then the ZTHH-group, and finally the C-group. Compared with the CH-group, the serum total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipid-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations were significantly lower in the ZTHH-group (p < 0.05). Significant decreases in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bile acids (TBA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and direct bilirubin (DBIL) levels were observed in ZTHL-group versus the CH-group (p < 0.05). Serum alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU) levels in the ZTHH-group were lower than in the CH-group (P < 0.01). Histopathological examination of the liver and fat biopsies illustrates that the liver cells showed a decrease in the extent of necrosis and dropsy in the ZTHL-group and ZTHH-group versus the CH-group. Zinc selenium tea showed a protection effect against hepatic damage.
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Rana S, Rahmani S, Mirza S. MC4R variant rs17782313 and manifestation of obese phenotype in Pakistani females. RSC Adv 2018; 8:16957-16972. [PMID: 35540528 PMCID: PMC9080305 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00695d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MC4R represents a key player involved in melanocortin-mediated control of energy balance. Recently identified near MC4R variant rs17782313 (T > C) can serve as a contributing factor for obese phenotype but its association with obesity has never been sought in a sample of the Pakistani population. The role of genetic variants as causal factors varies across populations. Association studies in a specific population can help us to distinguish global from local gene–gene and gene–environment interactions. This is the first study that investigated the association of rs17782313 with obesity and various obesity-linked anthropometric, metabolic, physical, and behavioural traits in Pakistani subjects including 306 OW/OB (overweight and obese) and 300 NW (normal weight) individuals. The comparison of various aforementioned obesity-linked continuous and categorical variables between OW/OB and NW subjects revealed that almost all variables were found significantly aberrant (p < 0.05) in OW/OB subjects as compared to their age- and gender-matched NW controls indicating greater risk of developing various cardio-metabolic disorders. The genotyping of rs17782313 showed significant association of this variant with obesity and obesity-linked anthropometric traits in females suggesting the gender-specific effect of this variant in our population. The minor allele C increased the risk of obesity by 1.55 times (95% CI = 1.1–2.18, p = 0.01) whereas homozygous CC genotype increased the risk by 2.43 times (95% CI = 1.19–4.96, p = 0.015) in females. However, no association of rs17782313 was observed with any of the obesity-linked metabolic, physical, and behavioural traits except random eating timings. In conclusion, the current study significantly contributes to the knowledge of the genetic proneness to obesity in Pakistani females. This could also be helpful for forthcoming meta-analysis studies elucidating which variants are truly associated with the susceptibility to develop an obese phenotype. The current study significantly contributes to the knowledge of the genetic proneness to obesity in Pakistani females and could also be helpful for forthcoming meta-analysis studies.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Rana
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD)
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS)
- University of Karachi
- Karachi-75270
| | - Soma Rahmani
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD)
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS)
- University of Karachi
- Karachi-75270
| | - Saad Mirza
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD)
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS)
- University of Karachi
- Karachi-75270
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19
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Cook CM, McCormick CN, Knowles M, Kaden VN. A Commercially Available Portion-Controlled Diet Program Is More Effective for Weight Loss than a Self-Directed Diet: Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Nutr 2017; 4:55. [PMID: 29164129 PMCID: PMC5681920 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine changes in weight and related outcomes in response to a commercial weight loss program compared to a self-directed diet in adults with overweight or obesity. Design Participants were randomly assigned [stratified by body mass index (BMI) and age] to a commercial weight loss program (n = 38) or to a self-directed Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet (n = 40) for a 16-week period. Daily energy intake goals were 1,500 kcal/d for men and 1,200 kcal/d for women, except for the first week of the commercial program (1,000 kcal/d). This study was registered at http://ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03017443). Participants Primarily Caucasian (71%) women (n = 61) and men (n = 17) from the greater metropolitan area of the city of Chicago, IL, USA. with a mean baseline BMI of 34.4 kg/m2, body weight of 95.7 kg, and age of 50.4 years. Results Data = mean (95% CI). At week 16, the commercial program group lost significantly more body weight [−5.9 (−7.5, −4.3) kg vs. −1.8 (−2.9, −0.8) kg; or −6.4 vs. −1.8% of initial body weight, respectively], fat mass [−4.4 (−5.7, −3.1) kg vs. −1.2 (−2.1, −0.4) kg] and total body circumference (chest + waist + hip + upper arm + thigh) [−16.9 (−21.5, −12.3) cm vs. −5.8 (−9.0, −2.6) cm] (p < 0.01 for all). Additionally, more participants in the commercial program group lost a clinically meaningful amount of weight, defined as ≥5% of initial body weight, at week 16 (58% vs. 13%, p < 0.001). Conclusion The commercial program resulted in greater weight loss and improvements in body composition/anthropometric parameters compared to a self-directed DASH diet over a 16-week period. Some important limitations were that no objective measurements of dietary intake or physical activity were collected to potentially ascertain the independent or combined effects of these components on weight loss (or lack thereof). Additionally, future research is warranted in order to understand the effects of this program, and similar programs, on longer term changes in body weight, in particular weight loss maintenance, as weight regain is common following the cessation of a structured weight loss intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mandi Knowles
- Nutrisystem, Inc., Fort Washington, PA, United States
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20
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Ayaz A, Akyol A, Inan-Eroglu E, Kabasakal Cetin A, Samur G, Akbiyik F. Chia seed ( Salvia Hispanica L.) added yogurt reduces short-term food intake and increases satiety: randomised controlled trial. Nutr Res Pract 2017; 11:412-418. [PMID: 28989578 PMCID: PMC5621364 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.5.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Several studies have reported that consumption of Salvia Hispanica L.,commonly known as chia seed, may exert beneficial effects on health outcomes. The main purpose of this study was to examine the influence of chia seed consumption as a mid-morning snack on short-term satiety. SUBJECTS/METHODS Subjects (n = 24) were tested using a randomized, cross-over design consisting of three mid-morning snacks. Yogurt with no chia seed, yogurt with 7 g chia seed, and yogurt with 14 g chia seed were given to subjects on different test days. After subjects were asked to report visual analog scale (VAS) scores on sensory outcomes, ad libitum lunch was served, and energy intake of individuals was measured. RESULTS VAS scores indicated that participants reported significantly lower scores for hunger (P = 0.033), prospective food consumption (P = 0.031), amounts of food that could be consumed (P = 0.017), desire for sugary foods (P = 0.015), and higher scores for satiety (P = 0.031) on the test days with 7 g and 14 g chia seed. Energy intake of individuals during ad libitum lunch was significantly lower when they consumed yogurt with 7 g or 14 g chia seed (P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that chia seed consumption as a mid-morning snack may induce short-term satiety in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Ayaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Asli Akyol
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Elif Inan-Eroglu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Arzu Kabasakal Cetin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Gulhan Samur
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Filiz Akbiyik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
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Liu X, Zheng C, Xu C, Liu Q, Wang J, Hong Y, Zhao P. Nighttime snacking is associated with risk of obesity and hyperglycemia in adults: a cross-sectional survey from Chinese adult teachers. J Biomed Res 2017; 31:541. [PMID: 28630392 PMCID: PMC6307661 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20160083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Relationship between nighttime snack and human health conditions remains unclear. In this paper, we analyzed the association of frequency of nighttime snacking with obesity, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia using a Chinese teacher cohort. The Chinese teacher study contains 22,176 of the general adult population operated on in 2015. Information of nighttime snacking frequency was acquired by questionnaire. Overweight and obesity outcome were assessed by body mass index (BMI), and hypertension; hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia were self-reported. Associations between nighttime snacking consumption and outcomes were performed with multivariat regression and further stratification analyses. We found a significant association (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.24, 3.62;P for trend<0.001) between most frequent nighttime snacking and hyperglycemia. A remarkable association was also observed between most frequent consumption of nighttime snack and obesity (OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.63, 5.89; Pfor trend<0.001). The present results provide epidemiological evidence that consumption of nighttime snack was associated with obesity and hyperglycemia in Chinese adult teachers. However, the underlying mechanisms still need further investigation..
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Liu
- . Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Chunlin Zheng
- . Teacher's Training Center of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210013, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- . State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- . Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Qian Liu
- . State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- . Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Jin Wang
- . Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yongzhi Hong
- . Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- . Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- . Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Shengze Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215228, China
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22
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Differences in meal patterns and timing with regard to central obesity in the ANIBES ('Anthropometric data, macronutrients and micronutrients intake, practice of physical activity, socioeconomic data and lifestyles in Spain') Study. Public Health Nutr 2017; 20:2364-2373. [PMID: 28413997 PMCID: PMC5582404 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980017000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective To study the association of meal patterns and timing with central obesity to identify the best dietary strategies to deal with the increasing obesity prevalence. Design A cross-sectional study performed on data from a representative sample of the Spanish population. Height and waist circumference were measured using standardized procedures and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was calculated. The sample was divided into those without central obesity (WHtR<0·5) and those with central obesity (WHtR≥0·5). Setting ANIBES (‘Anthropometric data, macronutrients and micronutrients intake, practice of physical activity, socioeconomic data and lifestyles in Spain’) Study. Subjects Adults aged 18–64 years (n 1655; 798 men and 857 women). Results A higher percentage of people ate more than four meals daily in the group without central obesity and those with central obesity more frequently skipped the mid-afternoon snack than those without. Breakfasts containing >25 % of total energy intake and lunches containing >35 % of total energy intake were associated with increased likelihood of central obesity (OR=1·874, 95 % CI 1·019, 3·448; P<0·05 and OR=1·693, 95 % CI 1·264, 2·268; P<0·001, respectively). On the contrary, mid-morning snacks and mid-afternoon snacks containing >15 % of total energy were associated with decreased likelihood of central obesity (OR=0·477, 95 % CI 0·313, 0·727; P<0·001 and OR=0·650, 95 % CI 0·453, 0·932; P<0·05, respectively). The variety of cereals, wholegrain cereals and dairy was higher in the population without central obesity. Conclusions Our results suggest that ‘what and when we eat’ should be considered dietary strategies to reduce central obesity.
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Chung H, Chou W, Sears DD, Patterson RE, Webster NJG, Ellies LG. Time-restricted feeding improves insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in a mouse model of postmenopausal obesity. Metabolism 2016; 65:1743-1754. [PMID: 27832862 PMCID: PMC5123758 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menopause is associated with significant hormonal changes that result in increased total body fat and abdominal fat, amplifying the risk for metabolic syndrome and diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer in postmenopausal women. Intermittent fasting regimens hold significant health benefit promise for obese humans, however, regimens that include extreme daytime calorie restriction or daytime fasting are generally associated with hunger and irritability, hampering long-term compliance and adoption in the clinical setting. Time-restricted feeding (TRF), a regimen allowing eating only during a specific period in the normal circadian feeding cycle, without calorie restriction, may increase compliance and provide a more clinically viable method for reducing the detrimental metabolic consequences associated with obesity. METHODS We tested TRF as an intervention in a mouse model of postmenopausal obesity. Metabolic parameters were measured using Clinical Laboratory Animal Monitoring System (CLAMS) and we carried out glucose tolerance tests. We also stained liver sections with oil red O to examine steatosis and measured gene expression related to gluconeogenesis. RESULTS Preexisting metabolic disease was significantly attenuated during 7 weeks of TRF. Despite having access to the same high fat diet (HFD) as ad libitum fed (ALF) mice, TRF mice experienced rapid weight loss followed by a delayed improvement in insulin resistance and a reduced severity of hepatic steatosis by having access to the HFD for only 8h during their normal nocturnal feeding period. The lower respiratory exchange ratio in the TRF group compared with the ALF group early in the dark phase suggested that fat was the predominant fuel source in the TRF group and correlated with gene expression analyses that suggested a switch from gluconeogenesis to ketogenesis. In addition, TRF mice were more physically active than ALF fed mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data support further analysis of TRF as a clinically viable form of intermittent fasting to improve metabolic health due to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heekyung Chung
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Winjet Chou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dorothy D Sears
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ruth E Patterson
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicholas J G Webster
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Lesley G Ellies
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Maulucci G, Cohen O, Daniel B, Sansone A, Petropoulou PI, Filou S, Spyridonidis A, Pani G, De Spirito M, Chatgilialoglu C, Ferreri C, Kypreos KE, Sasson S. Fatty acid-related modulations of membrane fluidity in cells: detection and implications. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:S40-S50. [PMID: 27593084 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1231403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic homeostasis of fatty acids is complex and well-regulated in all organisms. The biosynthesis of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in mammals provides substrates for β-oxidation and ATP production. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) are products of desaturases that introduce a methylene group in cis geometry in SFA. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 and n-3 PUFA) are products of elongation and desaturation of the essential linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, respectively. The liver processes dietary fatty acids and exports them in lipoproteins for distribution and storage in peripheral tissues. The three types of fatty acids are integrated in membrane phospholipids and determine their biophysical properties and functions. This study was aimed at investigating effects of fatty acids on membrane biophysical properties under varying nutritional and pathological conditions, by integrating lipidomic analysis of membrane phospholipids with functional two-photon microscopy (fTPM) of cellular membranes. This approach was applied to two case studies: first, pancreatic beta-cells, to investigate hormetic and detrimental effects of lipids. Second, red blood cells extracted from a genetic mouse model defective in lipoproteins, to understand the role of lipids in hepatic diseases and metabolic syndrome and their effect on circulating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Maulucci
- a Institute of Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Roma , Italy
| | - O Cohen
- b Institute for Drug Research, Section of Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine , The Hebrew University , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - B Daniel
- b Institute for Drug Research, Section of Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine , The Hebrew University , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - A Sansone
- c ISOF, BioFreeRadicals Group, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Bologna , Italy
| | - P I Petropoulou
- d Department of Pharmacology , University of Patras Medical School , Rio , Greece
| | - S Filou
- d Department of Pharmacology , University of Patras Medical School , Rio , Greece
| | - A Spyridonidis
- e Hematology Department , University of Patras Medical School , Rio , Greece
| | - G Pani
- f Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Roma , Italy
| | - M De Spirito
- a Institute of Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Roma , Italy
| | - C Chatgilialoglu
- c ISOF, BioFreeRadicals Group, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Bologna , Italy
| | - C Ferreri
- c ISOF, BioFreeRadicals Group, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Bologna , Italy
| | - K E Kypreos
- d Department of Pharmacology , University of Patras Medical School , Rio , Greece
| | - S Sasson
- b Institute for Drug Research, Section of Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine , The Hebrew University , Jerusalem , Israel
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Ayaz A, Akyol A, Cetin C, Besler HT. Effect of plate size on meal energy intake in normal weight women. Nutr Res Pract 2016; 10:524-529. [PMID: 27698960 PMCID: PMC5037070 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.5.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Use of smaller plates to control food intake is a commonly recommended strategy for restricting energy intake, despite conflicting results. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether or not three different sizes of plates influence energy intake during a multi-itemed buffet meal in normal weight women. SUBJECTS/METHODS This was a cross-over study conducted on 37 female participants aged 19-25 years with normal BMI levels. Participants were recruited from Hacettepe University and the surrounding community. On experimental days, participants ate a standard breakfast and were then randomly assigned to eat lunch using a small (19 cm), medium (23 cm), or large (28 cm) diameter plate. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores on sensory and satiety outcomes were measured for all meals. Energy and macronutrient intakes during lunch were recorded. RESULTS There was no evidence that use of a smaller plate size reduced energy or specific macronutrient intake during the free choice lunch meal. Multiple visits to the serving table were not associated with energy or macronutrient intake. Plate size did not affect VAS scores during the test days. CONCLUSIONS Plate size did not influence energy intake, meal composition, or palatability in normal weight women during a multi-itemed open buffet lunch. Studies in natural settings at the population level are needed to clarify current outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Ayaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Asli Akyol
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Cansu Cetin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - H Tanju Besler
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health Management Famagusta, North Cyprus Mersin 10, Turkey
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Meal irregularity and cardiometabolic consequences: results from observational and intervention studies. Proc Nutr Soc 2016; 75:475-486. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665116000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Studying irregular meal patterns fits in with the latest research focusing not only on what people eat but also when they eat, also called chrono-nutrition. Chrono-nutrition involves studying the impact of nutrition on metabolism via circadian patterns, including three aspects of time: (ir)regularity, frequency and clock time. The present paper aimed to narratively review research on irregular meal patterns and cardiometabolic consequences. Only few cross-sectional studies and prospective cohort studies were identified, and most of these suggested that eating meals irregularly is associated with a higher risk of the metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic risk factors, including BMI and blood pressure. This was supported by two randomised controlled intervention studies showing that consuming meals regularly for 2 weeks v. an irregular meal pattern, led to beneficial impact on cardiometabolic risk factors as lower peak insulin, lower fasting total and LDL-cholesterol, both in lean and obese women. In conclusion, the limited evidence on meal regularity and cardiometabolic consequences supports the hypothesis that consuming meals irregularly is adversely associated with cardiometabolic risk. However, it also highlights the need for more large-scale studies, including detailed dietary assessment to further advance the understanding of the impact of chrono-nutrition on public health.
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Laermans J, Depoortere I. Chronobesity: role of the circadian system in the obesity epidemic. Obes Rev 2016; 17:108-25. [PMID: 26693661 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although obesity is considered to result from an imbalance between energy uptake and energy expenditure, the strategy of dietary changes and physical exercise has failed to tackle the global obesity epidemic. In search of alternative and more adequate treatment options, research has aimed at further unravelling the mechanisms underlying this excessive weight gain. While numerous studies are focusing on the neuroendocrine alterations that occur after bariatric Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, an increasing amount of chronobiological studies have started to raise awareness concerning the pivotal role of the circadian system in the development and exacerbation of obesity. This internal timekeeping mechanism rhythmically regulates metabolic and physiological processes in order to meet the fluctuating demands in energy use and supply throughout the 24-h day. This review elaborates on the extensive bidirectional interaction between the circadian system and metabolism and explains how disruption of body clocks by means of shift work, frequent time zone travelling or non-stop consumption of calorie-dense foods can evoke detrimental metabolic alterations that contribute to obesity. Altering the body's circadian rhythms by means of time-related dietary approaches (chrononutrition) or pharmacological substances (chronobiotics) may therefore represent a novel and interesting way to prevent or treat obesity and associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Laermans
- Gut Peptide Research Lab, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Depoortere
- Gut Peptide Research Lab, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Marinac CR, Sears DD, Natarajan L, Gallo LC, Breen CI, Patterson RE. Frequency and Circadian Timing of Eating May Influence Biomarkers of Inflammation and Insulin Resistance Associated with Breast Cancer Risk. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136240. [PMID: 26305095 PMCID: PMC4549297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that there is interplay between the frequency and circadian timing of eating and metabolic health. We examined the associations of eating frequency and timing with metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers putatively associated with breast cancer risk in women participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination 2009-2010 Survey. Eating frequency and timing variables were calculated from 24-hour food records and included (1) proportion of calories consumed in the evening (5 pm-midnight), (2) number of eating episodes per day, and (3) nighttime fasting duration. Linear regression models examined each eating frequency and timing exposure variable with C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Each 10 percent increase in the proportion of calories consumed in the evening was associated with a 3 percent increase in CRP. Conversely, eating one additional meal or snack per day was associated with an 8 percent reduction in CRP. There was a significant interaction between proportion of calories consumed in the evening and fasting duration with CRP (p = 0.02). A longer nighttime fasting duration was associated with an 8 percent lower CRP only among women who ate less than 30% of their total daily calories in the evening (p = 0.01). None of the eating frequency and timing variables were significantly associated with HOMA-IR. These findings suggest that eating more frequently, reducing evening energy intake, and fasting for longer nightly intervals may lower systemic inflammation and subsequently reduce breast cancer risk. Randomized trials are needed to validate these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R. Marinac
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Dorothy D. Sears
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Loki Natarajan
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Linda C. Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Caitlin I. Breen
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ruth E. Patterson
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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