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Jones LR, Emmett PM, Hays NP, Shahkhalili Y, Taylor CM. Association of Nutrition in Early Childhood with Body Composition and Leptin in Later Childhood and Early Adulthood. Nutrients 2021; 13:3264. [PMID: 34579140 PMCID: PMC8466313 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), this study aimed to replicate the finding of the Etude Longitudinale Alimentation Nutrition Croissance des Enfants (ELANCE) that low fat intake in early childhood was associated with increased adiposity in adulthood. METHODS Diet was assessed at 8 and 18 months using 3-day food records. Body composition variables were measured at 9 and 17 years, and serum leptin at 9 years. Associations were modelled using adjusted linear regression. RESULTS In replication analyses, in contrast to ELANCE, there was a positive association between fat intake (% energy) at 18 months and fat mass (FM) at 9 years (B coefficient 0.10 (95% CI 0.03, 0.20) kg, p = 0.005). There was no association with serum leptin. In extended analyses fat intake at 18 months was positively associated with FM in boys (0.2 (0.00, 0.30), p = 0.008) at 9 years but not in girls. Fat intake was positively associated with serum leptin concentration in boys (0.2 (0.1, 0.4) ng/mL, p = 0.011) but not in girls. CONCLUSIONS Our results did not corroborate the findings from the ELANCE study. A high fat diet in early life may have implications for later childhood and adolescent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise R. Jones
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1NU, UK; (P.M.E.); (C.M.T.)
| | - Pauline M. Emmett
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1NU, UK; (P.M.E.); (C.M.T.)
| | - Nicholas P. Hays
- NPTC Nutrition—SBU Nutrition, Avenue Nestle 55, 1800 Vevey, Switzerland;
| | | | - Caroline M. Taylor
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1NU, UK; (P.M.E.); (C.M.T.)
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Ullah H, Ullah H, Taha M, Khan F, Rahim F, Uddin I, Sarfraz M, Shah SAA, Aziz A, Mubeen S. Synthesis, In Vitro α-Amylase Activity, and Molecular Docking
Study of New Benzimidazole Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021060130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fernández-Calleja JMS, Bouwman LMS, Swarts HJM, Oosting A, Keijer J, van Schothorst EM. Direct and Long-Term Metabolic Consequences of Lowly vs. Highly-Digestible Starch in the Early Post-Weaning Diet of Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1788. [PMID: 30453616 PMCID: PMC6265974 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Starches of low and high digestibility have different metabolic effects. Here, we examined whether this gives differential metabolic programming when fed in the immediate post-weaning period. Chow-fed mice were time-mated, and their nests were standardized and cross-fostered at postnatal days 1⁻2. After postnatal week (PW) 3, individually housed female and male offspring were switched to a lowly-digestible (LDD) or highly-digestible starch diet (HDD) for three weeks. All of the mice received the same high-fat diet (HFD) for nine weeks thereafter. Energy and substrate metabolism and carbohydrate fermentation were studied at the end of the HDD/LDD and HFD periods by extended indirect calorimetry. Glucose tolerance (PW 11) and metabolic flexibility (PW14) were analyzed. Directly in response to the LDD versus the HDD, females showed smaller adipocytes with less crown-like structures in gonadal white adipose tissue, while males had a lower fat mass and higher whole body fat oxidation levels. Both LDD-fed females and males showed an enlarged intestinal tract. Although most of the phenotypical differences disappeared in adulthood in both sexes, females exposed to LDD versus HDD in the early post-weaning period showed improved metabolic flexibility in adulthood. Cumulatively, these results suggest that the type of starch introduced after weaning could, at least in females, program later-life health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lianne M S Bouwman
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, Wageningen 6708 WD, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans J M Swarts
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, Wageningen 6708 WD, The Netherlands.
| | - Annemarie Oosting
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands.
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, Wageningen 6708 WD, The Netherlands.
| | - Evert M van Schothorst
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, Wageningen 6708 WD, The Netherlands.
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Tanaka M, Yasuoka A, Shimizu M, Saito Y, Kumakura K, Asakura T, Nagai T. Transcriptomic responses of the liver and adipose tissues to altered carbohydrate-fat ratio in diet: an isoenergetic study in young rats. GENES AND NUTRITION 2017; 12:10. [PMID: 28405243 PMCID: PMC5385083 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-017-0558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background To elucidate the effects of altered dietary carbohydrate and fat balance on liver and adipose tissue transcriptomes, 3-week-old rats were fed three kinds of diets: low-, moderate-, and high-fat diets (L, M, and H) containing a different ratio of carbohydrate-fat (C-F) (65:15, 60:20, and 35:45 in energy percent, respectively). Methods The rats consumed the diets for 9 weeks and were subjected to biochemical and DNA microarray analyses. Results The rats in the H-group exhibited lower serum triacylglycerol (TG) levels but higher liver TG and cholesterol content than rats in the L-group. The analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between each group (L vs M, M vs H, and L vs H) in the liver revealed about 35% of L vs H DEGs that were regulated in the same way as M vs H DEGs, and most of the others were L- vs H-specific. Gene ontology analysis of these L vs H DEGs indicated that those related to fatty acid synthesis and circadian rhythm were enriched. Interestingly, about 30% of L vs M DEGs were regulated in a reverse way compared with L vs H and M vs H DEGs. These reversed liver DEGs included M-up/H-down genes (Sds for gluconeogenesis from amino acids) and M-down/H-up genes (Gpd2 for gluconeogenesis from glycerol, Agpat9 for TG synthesis, and Acot1 for beta-oxidation). We also analyzed L vs H DEGs in white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissues and found that both oxidation and synthesis of fatty acids were inhibited in these tissues. Conclusions These results indicate that the alteration of dietary C-F balance differentially affects the transcriptomes of metabolizing and energy-storing tissues. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12263-017-0558-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Tanaka
- Nissin Global Innovation Center, Nissin Foods Holdings, 2100 Tobukimachi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0001 Japan
| | - Akihito Yasuoka
- Project on Health and Anti-Aging, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Center (LiSE) 4F C-4, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821 Japan
| | - Manae Shimizu
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 37-1 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0033 Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Saito
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - Kei Kumakura
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 37-1 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0033 Japan
| | - Tomiko Asakura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - Toshitada Nagai
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 37-1 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0033 Japan
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Nutrition in the First 1000 Days: The Origin of Childhood Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13090838. [PMID: 27563917 PMCID: PMC5036671 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13090838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a major global issue. Its incidence is constantly increasing, thereby offering a threatening public health perspective. The risk of developing the numerous chronic diseases associated with this condition from very early in life is significant. Although complex and multi-factorial, the pathophysiology of obesity recognizes essential roles of nutritional and metabolic aspects. Particularly, several risk factors identified as possible determinants of later-life obesity act within the first 1000 days of life (i.e., from conception to age 2 years). The purpose of this manuscript is to review those key mechanisms for which a role in predisposing children to obesity is supported by the most recent literature. Throughout the development of the human feeding environment, three different stages have been identified: (1) the prenatal period; (2) breast vs. formula feeding; and (3) complementary diet. A deep understanding of the specific nutritional challenges presented within each phase might foster the development of future preventive strategies.
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Péneau S, Hercberg S, Rolland-Cachera MF. Breastfeeding, early nutrition, and adult body fat. J Pediatr 2014; 164:1363-8. [PMID: 24680014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between breastfeeding and adult body fatness, adjusting for nutritional intake in early childhood. STUDY DESIGN Nutritional intakes of 73 healthy infants born in 1984 who participated in the 2-decade-long Longitudinal Study of Nutrition and Growth in Children (Etude Longitudinale Alimentation Nutrition Croissance des Enfants [ELANCE]) were estimated at age 10 months and again at age 2 years. Breastfeeding was defined as any breastfeeding, including partial breastfeeding, regardless of duration. At age 20 years, weight, height, subscapular skinfold thickness (SF), and fat mass (assessed via bioelectrical impedance analysis) were measured. RESULTS In this sample, 64% of the children had been breastfed. In linear regression models adjusted for mother's body mass index and father's profession, breastfeeding was not associated with any of the body fat measurements at 20 years (all P > .05). After adding nutritional intake variables (total energy and % energy from nutrients) to the models, breastfeeding became significantly associated with lower SF at 20 years. In particular, breastfed subjects had significantly lower % SF at 20 years after adjustment for energy and % fat intakes at 2 years of age, (β = -28.25% SF; 95% CI, -50.28% to -6.21%; P = .013) or when adjusting for energy and % carbohydrates at 2 years of age (β = -28.27% SF; 95% CI, -50.64% to -5.90%; P = .014). CONCLUSION Breastfeeding was not associated with adult body fatness taking into account the usual confounding factors. However, after also adjusting for nutritional intake covariates, a protective effect of breastfeeding emerged. Early nutrition needs to be taken into account when examining the long-term health effects of breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Péneau
- Research Team Nutritional Epidemiology, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Paris 13, Sorbonne-Paris, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1153, Bobigny, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Bobigny, France; National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts, Bobigny, France; University of Paris 5, Sorbonne-Paris, Surveillance Unit and Nutritional Epidemiology, Bobigny, France; University of Paris 7, Sorbonne-Paris, Surveillance Unit and Nutritional Epidemiology, Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Research Team Nutritional Epidemiology, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Paris 13, Sorbonne-Paris, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1153, Bobigny, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Bobigny, France; National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts, Bobigny, France; University of Paris 5, Sorbonne-Paris, Surveillance Unit and Nutritional Epidemiology, Bobigny, France; University of Paris 7, Sorbonne-Paris, Surveillance Unit and Nutritional Epidemiology, Bobigny, France; University of Paris 13, Sorbonne-Paris, Surveillance Unit and Nutritional Epidemiology, Bobigny, France; Institute for Public Health Surveillance, Bobigny, France; Department of Public Health, Avicenna Hospital, Bobigny, France
| | - Marie-Françoise Rolland-Cachera
- Research Team Nutritional Epidemiology, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Paris 13, Sorbonne-Paris, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1153, Bobigny, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Bobigny, France; National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts, Bobigny, France; University of Paris 5, Sorbonne-Paris, Surveillance Unit and Nutritional Epidemiology, Bobigny, France; University of Paris 7, Sorbonne-Paris, Surveillance Unit and Nutritional Epidemiology, Bobigny, France
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The suckling rat as a model for immunonutrition studies in early life. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:537310. [PMID: 22899949 PMCID: PMC3415261 DOI: 10.1155/2012/537310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diet plays a crucial role in maintaining optimal immune function. Research demonstrates the immunomodulatory properties and mechanisms of particular nutrients; however, these aspects are studied less in early life, when diet may exert an important role in the immune development of the neonate. Besides the limited data from epidemiological and human interventional trials in early life, animal models hold the key to increase the current knowledge about this interaction in this particular period. This paper reports the potential of the suckling rat as a model for immunonutrition studies in early life. In particular, it describes the main changes in the systemic and mucosal immune system development during rat suckling and allows some of these elements to be established as target biomarkers for studying the influence of particular nutrients. Different approaches to evaluate these immune effects, including the manipulation of the maternal diet during gestation and/or lactation or feeding the nutrient directly to the pups, are also described in detail. In summary, this paper provides investigators with useful tools for better designing experimental approaches focused on nutrition in early life for programming and immune development by using the suckling rat as a model.
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Thompson AL. Developmental origins of obesity: Early feeding environments, infant growth, and the intestinal microbiome. Am J Hum Biol 2012; 24:350-60. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Pritchett CE, Hajnal A. Obesogenic diets may differentially alter dopamine control of sucrose and fructose intake in rats. Physiol Behav 2011; 104:111-6. [PMID: 21549729 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic overeating of obesogenic diets can lead to obesity, reduced dopamine signaling, and increased consumption of added sugars to compensate for blunted reward. However, the specific role of diet composition yet remains unknown. To study this, Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed a high-energy diet with high fat and low carbohydrate content (HFHE), a fat-sugar combination high-energy diet (FCHE), or standard chow for 24 weeks. We found that both high-energy diets produced substantial body weight gain compared to chow-fed controls. To investigate dopamine control of short (2-h) intake of palatable sucrose or fructose solutions, rats were pretreated peripherally (IP) with equimolar doses (0-600 nmol/kg) of the dopamine D1 (SCH23390) and D2 (raclopride) subtype-specific receptor antagonists. The results showed an overall increase in the efficacy of D1 and D2 receptor antagonists on suppression of intake in obese rats compared to lean rats, with effects differing based on diets and test solutions. Specifically, SCH23390 potently reduced both sucrose and fructose intake in all groups; however, lower doses were more effective in HFHE rats. In contrast, raclopride was most effective at reducing fructose intake in the obese FCHE rats. Thus, it appears that obesity due to the consumption of combinations of dietary fat and sugar rather than extra calories from dietary fat alone may result in reduced D2 receptor signaling. Furthermore, such deficits seem to preferentially affect the control of fructose intake. These findings demonstrate for the first time a plausible interaction between diet composition and dopamine control of carbohydrate intake in diet-induced obese rats. It also provides additional evidence that sucrose and fructose intake is regulated differentially by the dopamine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Pritchett
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
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