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Santaren ID, Bazinet RP, Liu Z, Johnston LW, Sievenpiper JL, Giacca A, Retnakaran R, Harris SB, Zinman B, Hanley AJ. The Distribution of Fatty Acid Biomarkers of Dairy Intake across Serum Lipid Fractions: The Prospective Metabolism and Islet Cell Evaluation (PROMISE) Cohort. Lipids 2019; 54:617-627. [PMID: 31429083 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Circulating fatty acids (FA) derived largely from dairy consumption have most commonly been measured in total human serum or phospholipid (PL) fractions, and have been used as validated biomarkers of dairy intake in a growing number of epidemiological studies. Nevertheless, measurement and characterization of a wider spectrum of FA biomarkers of dairy across the four major serum lipid fractions is lacking. This study aimed to (1) quantify FA biomarkers of dairy in PL, triacylglycerol (TAG), cholesteryl ester (CE), and unesterified fatty acid (FFA) serum lipid fractions; and (2) identify potential demographic and metabolic factors that may modify the proportions of these FA across serum fractions. Baseline data from 444 adults in the PROMISE cohort were analyzed. FA biomarkers, 15:0, t16:1n-7, 18:2-c9,t11, and t18:1n-7 were quantified from serum. Dairy intake was estimated using the validated Canadian Diet History Questionnaire. Our results show that t18:1n-7 was the most abundant FA biomarker in all fractions except CE, where 18:2-c9,t11 was the most abundant. Positive correlations within fractions, and across FA in the PL, CE, and FFA fractions were found, however, TAG FA were negatively correlated with the other fractions. PL and CE FA were positively associated with dairy intake, and negatively associated with markers of dysmetabolism while, in contrast, these markers were predictors of higher TAG dairy FA. This study is the first to demonstrate distinct proportions of dairy FA in different serum lipid fractions. PL and CE FA marked dairy intake in this cohort, while TAG FA appeared to be markers of dysmetabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid D Santaren
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luke W Johnston
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, 61 Queen St. East, M5C 2T2, Toronto, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria St., M5B 1T8, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, 61 Queen St. East, M5C 2T2, Toronto, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ravi Retnakaran
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray St., M5B 1W8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stewart B Harris
- Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Western Center for Public Health and Family Medicine, Western University, 1465 Richmond St., N6G 2M1, London, ON, Canada
| | - Bernard Zinman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray St., M5B 1W8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray St., M5B 1W8, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Wannamethee SG, Jefferis BJ, Lennon L, Papacosta O, Whincup PH, Hingorani AD. Serum Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Risk of Incident Heart Failure in Older Men: The British Regional Heart Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e006653. [PMID: 29306896 PMCID: PMC5778956 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence largely from animal studies suggests that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) may have cardiovascular health benefits. However, few prospective studies have examined the association between CLA and cardiovascular disease. We have prospectively examined the association between serum CLA and incident coronary heart disease and heart failure (HF) in older men. METHODS AND RESULTS Prospective study of 3806 men, aged 60 to 79 years, without prevalent HF followed up for an average of 13 years, during which there were 295 incident HF cases. A high-throughput serum nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics platform was used to measure CLA concentration in serum, expressed as a percentage of total fatty acids (CLA%). CLA% was adversely associated with cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol but was inversely associated with C-reactive protein and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; a marker of ventricular stress). No association was seen between CLA% and incident coronary heart disease. High CLA% was associated with significantly reduced risk of HF after adjustment for HF risk factors and C-reactive protein (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.64 [0.43-0.96]; quartile 4 versus quartile 1). Elevated CLA% was associated with reduced HF risk only in those with higher dairy fat intake, a major dietary source of CLA (test for interaction P=0.03). The reduced risk of HF was partially explained by NT-proBNP. High dairy fat intake was not associated with incident coronary heart disease but was associated with reduced risk of HF, largely because of the inverse effect of CLA. CONCLUSIONS The finding that high CLA% is associated with lower risk of incident HF in older men requires confirmation in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goya Wannamethee
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara J Jefferis
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Lennon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Olia Papacosta
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter H Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom
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Kim JH, Kim Y, Kim YJ, Park Y. Conjugated Linoleic Acid: Potential Health Benefits as a Functional Food Ingredient. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2016; 7:221-44. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-041715-033028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Kim
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003;
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003;
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Cis-9,trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid affects lipid raft composition and sensitizes human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells to X-radiation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1830:2233-42. [PMID: 23116821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigations concerned the mechanism of HT-29 cells radiosensitization by cis-9,trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid (c9,t11-CLA), a natural component of human diet with proven antitumor activity. METHODS The cells were incubated for 24h with 70μM c9,t11-CLA and then X-irradiated. The following methods were used: gas chromatography (incorporation of the CLA isomer), flow cytometry (cell cycle), cloning (survival), Western blotting (protein distribution in membrane fractions), and pulse-field gel electrophoresis (rejoining of DNA double-strand breaks). In parallel, DNA-PK activity, γ-H2AX foci numbers and chromatid fragmentation were estimated. Gene expression was analysed by RT-PCR and chromosomal aberrations by the mFISH method. Nuclear accumulation of the EGF receptor (EGFR) was monitored by ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS C9,t11-CLA sensitized HT-29 cells to X-radiation. This effect was not due to changes in cell cycle progression or DNA-repair-related gene expression. Post-irradiation DSB rejoining was delayed, corresponding with the insufficient DNA-PK activation, although chromosomal aberration frequencies did not increase. Distributions of cholesterol and caveolin-1 in cellular membrane fractions changed. The nuclear EGFR translocation, necessary to increase the DNA-PK activity in response to oxidative stress, was blocked. We suppose that c9,t11-CLA modified the membrane structure, thus disturbing the intracellular EGFR transport and the EGFR-dependent pro-survival signalling, both functionally associated with lipid raft properties. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The results point to the importance of the cell membrane interactions with the nucleus after injury inflicted by X -rays. Compounds like c9,t11-CLA, that specifically alter membrane properties, could be used to develop new anticancer strategies.
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