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Mbabazi R, Harding R, Khanna H, Namanya P, Arinaitwe G, Tushemereirwe W, Dale J, Paul J. Pro-vitamin A carotenoids in East African highland banana and other Musa cultivars grown in Uganda. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:311-321. [PMID: 31993157 PMCID: PMC6977416 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bananas and plantains (Musa spp.) are an important staple and food security crop in sub-Saharan Africa. In Uganda, where the consumption of East African highland banana (EAHB) is the highest in the world, the population suffers from a high incidence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD). Since the consumption of pro-vitamin A carotenoids (pVAC) made available through the food staple can help alleviate these ailments, we set out to identify the most suitable banana variety to use in future biofortification strategies through genetic engineering. The study focussed on eight popular Musa cultivars grown in the heart of banana farming communities and across the three major agricultural zones of Uganda. The fruit pVAC concentration varied considerably within and across the cultivars tested. These variations could not be explained by the altitude nor the geographical location where these fruits were grown. More than 50% of the total carotenoids present in EAHB cultivars was found to comprise of α- and β-carotene, while the retention of these compounds following traditional processing methods was at least 70%. Storage up to 14 days postharvest improved carotenoid accumulation up to 2.4-fold in the cultivar Nakitembe. The technical challenge for a successful biofortification approach in Uganda using genetically modified EAHB lies in guaranteeing that the fruit pVAC content will invariably provide at least 50% of the estimated average requirement for vitamin A regardless of the growing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Mbabazi
- National Agricultural Research Organisation, NARLWakisoUganda
- Present address:
Plant and Soil Science BuildingMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
| | - Robert Harding
- Centre for Tropical Crops and BiocommoditiesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Harjeet Khanna
- Centre for Tropical Crops and BiocommoditiesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Present address:
Sugar Research AustraliaIndooroopillyQLDAustralia
| | - Priver Namanya
- National Agricultural Research Organisation, NARLWakisoUganda
| | - Geofrey Arinaitwe
- National Agricultural Research Organisation, NARLWakisoUganda
- National Agricultural Research Organisation, National Coffee Research InstituteMukonoUganda
| | | | - James Dale
- Centre for Tropical Crops and BiocommoditiesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Jean‐Yves Paul
- Centre for Tropical Crops and BiocommoditiesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia
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Amah D, van Biljon A, Brown A, Perkins-Veazie P, Swennen R, Labuschagne M. Recent advances in banana (musa spp.) biofortification to alleviate vitamin A deficiency. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:3498-3510. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1495175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Amah
- Department of Plant Sciences (Plant Breeding), University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Angeline van Biljon
- Department of Plant Sciences (Plant Breeding), University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Allan Brown
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Arusha, Tanzania
| | | | - Rony Swennen
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Arusha, Tanzania
- Bioversity International, Heverlee, Belgium
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Maryke Labuschagne
- Department of Plant Sciences (Plant Breeding), University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Paul JY, Harding R, Tushemereirwe W, Dale J. Banana21: From Gene Discovery to Deregulated Golden Bananas. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:558. [PMID: 29755496 PMCID: PMC5932193 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Uganda is a tropical country with a population in excess of 30 million, >80% of whom live in rural areas. Bananas (Musa spp.) are the staple food of Uganda with the East African Highland banana, a cooking banana, the primary starch source. Unfortunately, these bananas are low in pro-vitamin A (PVA) and iron and, as a result, banana-based diets are low in these micronutrients which results in very high levels of inadequate nutrition. This inadequate nutrition manifests as high levels of vitamin A deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, and stunting in children. A project known as Banana21 commenced in 2005 to alleviate micronutrient deficiencies in Uganda and surrounding countries through the generation of farmer- and consumer-acceptable edible bananas with significantly increased fruit levels of PVA and iron. A genetic modification approach was adopted since bananas are recalcitrant to conventional breeding. In this review, we focus on the PVA-biofortification component of the Banana21 project and describe the proof-of-concept studies conducted in Australia, the transfer of the technology to our Ugandan collaborators, and the successful implementation of the strategy into the field in Uganda. The many challenges encountered and the potential future obstacles to the practical exploitation of PVA-enhanced bananas in Uganda are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Paul
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert Harding
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - James Dale
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Paul J, Khanna H, Kleidon J, Hoang P, Geijskes J, Daniells J, Zaplin E, Rosenberg Y, James A, Mlalazi B, Deo P, Arinaitwe G, Namanya P, Becker D, Tindamanyire J, Tushemereirwe W, Harding R, Dale J. Golden bananas in the field: elevated fruit pro-vitamin A from the expression of a single banana transgene. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:520-532. [PMID: 27734628 PMCID: PMC5362681 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency remains one of the world's major public health problems despite food fortification and supplements strategies. Biofortification of staple crops with enhanced levels of pro-vitamin A (PVA) offers a sustainable alternative strategy to both food fortification and supplementation. As a proof of concept, PVA-biofortified transgenic Cavendish bananas were generated and field trialed in Australia with the aim of achieving a target level of 20 μg/g of dry weight (dw) β-carotene equivalent (β-CE) in the fruit. Expression of a Fe'i banana-derived phytoene synthase 2a (MtPsy2a) gene resulted in the generation of lines with PVA levels exceeding the target level with one line reaching 55 μg/g dw β-CE. Expression of the maize phytoene synthase 1 (ZmPsy1) gene, used to develop 'Golden Rice 2', also resulted in increased fruit PVA levels although many lines displayed undesirable phenotypes. Constitutive expression of either transgene with the maize polyubiquitin promoter increased PVA accumulation from the earliest stage of fruit development. In contrast, PVA accumulation was restricted to the late stages of fruit development when either the banana 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase or the expansin 1 promoters were used to drive the same transgenes. Wild-type plants with the longest fruit development time had also the highest fruit PVA concentrations. The results from this study suggest that early activation of the rate-limiting enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway and extended fruit maturation time are essential factors to achieve optimal PVA concentrations in banana fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐Yves Paul
- Centre for Tropical Crops and BiocommoditiesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - Harjeet Khanna
- Centre for Tropical Crops and BiocommoditiesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQldAustralia
- Present address: Sugar Research AustraliaBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - Jennifer Kleidon
- Centre for Tropical Crops and BiocommoditiesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - Phuong Hoang
- Centre for Tropical Crops and BiocommoditiesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - Jason Geijskes
- Centre for Tropical Crops and BiocommoditiesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQldAustralia
- Present address: Syngenta Asia PacificSingaporeSingapore
| | - Jeff Daniells
- Agri‐Science QueenslandDepartment of Agriculture and FisheriesSouth JohnstoneQldAustralia
| | - Ella Zaplin
- Centre for Tropical Crops and BiocommoditiesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQldAustralia
- Present address: Charles Sturt UniversityWagga WaggaNSWAustralia
| | | | - Anthony James
- Centre for Tropical Crops and BiocommoditiesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - Bulukani Mlalazi
- Centre for Tropical Crops and BiocommoditiesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - Pradeep Deo
- Centre for Tropical Crops and BiocommoditiesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - Geofrey Arinaitwe
- National Agricultural Research LaboratoriesNational Agricultural Research OrganizationKampalaUganda
| | - Priver Namanya
- Centre for Tropical Crops and BiocommoditiesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQldAustralia
- National Agricultural Research LaboratoriesNational Agricultural Research OrganizationKampalaUganda
| | - Douglas Becker
- Centre for Tropical Crops and BiocommoditiesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - James Tindamanyire
- Centre for Tropical Crops and BiocommoditiesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | | | - Robert Harding
- Centre for Tropical Crops and BiocommoditiesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - James Dale
- Centre for Tropical Crops and BiocommoditiesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQldAustralia
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Relative vitamin A values of 9-cis- and 13-cis-β-carotene do not differ when fed at physiological levels during vitamin A depletion in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Br J Nutr 2014; 112:162-9. [PMID: 24709067 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514000658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Provitamin A biofortification of staple crops may decrease the prevalence of vitamin A (VA) deficiency if widely adopted in target countries. To assess the impact of processing methods on the VA value of plant foods, the unique bioefficacies of cis-βC isomers (formed during cooking) compared with all-trans (at) β-carotene (βC) must be determined. The bioefficacies of 9-cis (9c)- and 13-cis (13c)-βC isomers were compared with those of the at-βC isomer and VA positive (VA+) and negative (VA - ) controls in VA-depleted Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) in two experimental studies (study 1, n 56; study 2, n 57). A 3- or 4-week depletion period was followed by a 3- or 4-week treatment period in which the groups received oral doses of the 9c-, 13c- or at-βC isomers in cottonseed oil (study 1, 15 nmol/d; study 2, 30 nmol/d). In study 1, the βC isomers did not maintain baseline liver VA stores in all groups (0.69 (SD 0.20) μmol/liver) except in the VA+group (0.56 (SD 0.10) μmol/liver) (P= 0.0026). The βC groups were similar to the VA+group, but the 9c- and 13c-βC groups did not differ from the VA - group (0.39 (SD 0.09) μmol/liver). In study 2, the βC isomers maintained baseline liver VA stores in all the βC groups (0.35 (SD 0.13) μmol/liver), and in the VA+group, the VA supplement (0.54 (SD 0.19) μmol/liver) exceeded the baseline VA status (0.38 (SD 0.15) μmol/liver) (P< 0.0001); however, the 9c-βC group did not differ from the VA - group (0.20 (SD 0.07) μmol/liver). In vivo isomerisation of βC was confirmed in both experimental studies. Lower VA bioconversion factor values were obtained for the cis-βC isomers in study 2 when compared with study 1, but higher values were obtained for the at-βC isomer. Dose and VA status clearly affect bioconversion factors. In conclusion, the cis-βC isomers yielded similar liver VA stores to the at-βC isomer in Mongolian gerbils, and liver VA stores of the 9c- and 13c-βC groups did not differ when the doses were provided at physiological levels over time in two studies.
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Schmaelzle S, Gannon B, Crawford S, Arscott SA, Goltz S, Palacios-Rojas N, Pixley KV, Simon PW, Tanumihardjo SA. Maize genotype and food matrix affect the provitamin A carotenoid bioefficacy from staple and carrot-fortified feeds in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:136-43. [PMID: 24341827 PMCID: PMC4125541 DOI: 10.1021/jf403548w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Biofortification to increase provitamin A carotenoids is an agronomic approach to alleviate vitamin A deficiency. Two studies compared biofortified foods using in vitro and in vivo methods. Study 1 screened maize genotypes (n = 44) using in vitro analysis, which demonstrated decreasing micellarization with increasing provitamin A. Thereafter, seven 50% biofortified maize feeds that hypothesized a one-to-one equivalency between β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene were fed to Mongolian gerbils. Total liver retinol differed among the maize groups (P = 0.0043). Study 2 assessed provitamin A bioefficacy from 0.5% high-carotene carrots added to 60% staple-food feeds, followed by in vitro screening. Liver retinol was highest in the potato and banana groups, maize group retinol did not differ from baseline, and all treatments differed from control (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene have similar bioefficacy; meal matrix effects influence provitamin A absorption from carrot; and in vitro micellarization does not predict bioefficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schmaelzle
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706
| | - Bryan Gannon
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706
| | - Serra Crawford
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706
| | - Sara A. Arscott
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706
| | - Shellen Goltz
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706
| | | | - Kevin V. Pixley
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT),
Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Philipp W. Simon
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706
| | - Sherry A. Tanumihardjo
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706
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Abourashed EA. Bioavailability of Plant-Derived Antioxidants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2013; 2:309-25. [PMID: 26784467 PMCID: PMC4665521 DOI: 10.3390/antiox2040309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products with antioxidant properties have been extensively utilized in the pharmaceutical and food industry and have also been very popular as health-promoting herbal products. This review provides a summary of the literature published around the first decade of the 21st century regarding the oral bioavailability of carotenoids, polyphenols and sulfur compounds as the three major classes of plant-derived antioxidants. The reviewed original research includes more than 40 compounds belonging to the above mentioned classes of natural antioxidants. In addition, related reviews published during the same period have been cited. A brief introduction to general bioavailability-related definitions, procedures and considerations is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A Abourashed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 60628, USA.
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